Keeping The Republic Power and Citizenship in American Politics 8Th Edition Barbour Test Bank Full Chapter PDF

Keeping the Republic Power and
Citizenship in American Politics 8th

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Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, by Christine Barbour and Gerald C. Wright,
©2016, CQ Press
TEST BANK
Chapter 7: Congress
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. It is hard to get rid of the filibuster because ______.

a. it would require a constitutional amendment
b. both Republicans and Democrats want the opportunity to use it when they are in the minority
c. the president would veto legislation eliminating the filibuster
d. the public favors keeping it
e. the Supreme Court has ruled that the parliamentary procedure to eliminate it is
unconstitutional
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 7-5: Describe the process of congressional policymaking.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: How a Bill Becomes a Law—Some of the Time
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. The two major roles of members of Congress are ______.

a. agenda setting and lawmaking
b. policy making and agenda setting
c. representation and lawmaking
d. constituency service and budget approval
e. budget approval and policy making
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the tensions between local representation and national
lawmaking.
Answer Location: Understanding Congress
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. The founders created the congressional decision-making process to be ______.

a. speedy
b. responsive to the president
c. slow and deliberative
d. strictly controlled by elites
e. totally responsive to public opinion
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 7-6: Discuss the relationship between the people and Congress.
Answer Location: The Citizens and Congress
4. The textbook identifies all of the following as types of representation EXCEPT this:
a. policy representation
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TEST BANK
b. allocative representation
c. casework
d. symbolic representation
e. authoritative representation
Ans: E
lawmaking.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Representation
5. Congress is ______.
a. more likely to engage in vigorous oversight when the presidency and Congress are controlled
by the same party
b. more likely to engage in oversight when the public is not interested in the work of an agency
c. less likely to engage in oversight when the presidency and Congress are controlled by the
same party
d. less likely to engage in oversight in an election year
e. more likely to engage in oversight in an election year
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 7-2: Explain how checks and balances work between Congress and the
executive and judicial branches.
Answer Location: Congressional Checks and Balances
6. The major differences between the House and the Senate include all of the following EXCEPT
this:
a. the length of their terms
b. the size of the institutions
c. the method of determining their constituencies
d. their role in the impeachment process
e. their power in the legislative process
Ans: E
Answer Location: Differences Between the House and the Senate
7. ______ refers to a congressional committee’s monitoring of the executive branch and of

government agencies to ensure they are acting as Congress intends.
a. A congressional witch hunt
b. A markup
c. Congressional oversight
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TEST BANK
d. Committee interference with executive prerogative

e. One of the enumerated powers of Congress
Ans: C
8. Which of the following is NOT one of the checks and balances that Congress can use in
relation to the executive branch?
a. the power to approve treaties
b. the power to approve presidential appointments to the federal courts
c. the power to override a presidential veto by a two-thirds majority vote
d. the power of impeachment
e. the power to declare executive orders unconstitutional
Ans: E
9. During the constitutional process of removing a president from office, ______.

a. the Senate impeaches and the House removes the president from office
b. the two houses convene in joint session for all impeachment votes
c. the House impeaches and the Senate removes the president from office
d. representatives of the media are prohibited from entering the legislature’s chambers
e. either chamber can impeach, but then the Supreme Court must decide if the president is to be
removed from office
Ans: C
10. The Senate shares with the president the power to ______.
a. approve members of the Supreme Court
b. declare war
c. impeach executive branch officials
d. approve constitutional amendments
e. declare laws unconstitutional
Ans: A
©2016, CQ Press
TEST BANK

11. All of the following powers can be exercised only by the Senate EXCEPT this one:
a. conducting a trial of a president on impeachment charges
b. approving treaties
c. confirming presidential appointments to the Supreme Court
d. declaring war
e. confirming presidential appointments to top positions in the executive branch of government
Ans: D
12. The textbook suggests that weak congressional oversight was a factor in the ______.
a. attacks of September 11, 2001
b. decision to begin the war in Iraq
c. slow response of the government to Hurricane Katrina
d. increasing budget deficit
e. BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico
Ans: E
13. The job of confirming presidential appointments belongs to the ______.

a. judiciary
b. cabinet
c. House of Representatives
d. Senate
e. Congress as a whole
Ans: D
14. The reallocation of congressional seats among the states every ten years, following the
©2016, CQ Press
TEST BANK
census, is known as ______.

a. malapportionment
b. reapportionment
c. gerrymandering
d. franking
e. redistricting
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 7-3: Identify the politics that influence how congressional districts are
defined and who runs for Congress.
Answer Location: The Politics of Defining Congressional Districts
15. The number of representatives with voting privileges in the House of Representatives
______.
a. is currently set at 435 members
b. will expand to 500 members in the future
c. changes every ten years following the census
d. was frozen by the Twenty-Sixth Amendment
e. remained at 325 members until 2000
Ans: A
16. Congress can influence the judiciary through all of the following EXCEPT this:
a. reducing the salaries of judges
b. amending the Constitution
c. the process of approving judicial appointments
d. the power to create lower courts
e. defining court jurisdiction
Ans: A
17. The Supreme Court has ruled that House districts ______.
a. need not be changed if a state has not gained or lost seats since the previous census
b. may not be gerrymandered to benefit one political party
c. may not be gerrymandered to protect incumbent members of Congress
d. may not be gerrymandered to take race into account
©2016, CQ Press
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e. must adhere to the “one person, one vote” standard

Ans: E
18. Many of the efforts by states to create majority-minority districts ______.

a. did not produce the desired effect of electing more minority members
b. are disliked by both Republicans and Democrats
c. have been held unconstitutional by the Supreme Court
d. were massively expanded in the 1990s
e. have greatly increased the number of minority members of the Senate
Ans: C
19. The process of redrawing congressional districts to match population shifts in states with
more than one representative is called ______.
a. restructuring
b. franking the membership
c. redistricting
d. gerrymandering
e. reapportionment
Ans: C
20. Redrawing congressional district boundaries to favor a particular group or party is known as
______.
a. reapportionment
b. redistricting
c. gerrymandering
d. franking
e. malapportionment
Ans: C
©2016, CQ Press
TEST BANK

21. Partisan gerrymandering is the process in a particular state legislature whereby the majority
party ______.
a. draws districts to maximize the number of House seats the party can win
b. promotes candidates who will most likely vote Republican
c. favors candidates who believe in a patriarchy
d. tries to keep the opposition party from voting
e. tries to win an election by getting young people to vote
Ans: A
22. According to the textbook, ______ gerrymandering is highly controversial.

a. partisan
b. incumbent
c. geographic
d. racial
e. gender-based
Ans: D
23. When deciding whether to run for a seat in Congress, strategic politicians will ask all of the
following questions EXCEPT this one:
a. Will this seat lead to the presidency?
b. Is this the right district or state for me?
c. What is the strategic situation in the district?
d. Do I have access to the funds necessary to run a vigorous campaign?
e. How are the national tides running?
Ans: A
Answer Location: Deciding to Run
©2016, CQ Press
TEST BANK
24. According to the textbook, what has happened to the coattail effect in recent years?
a. It has been ignored by mainstream political scientists.
b. It has decreased in importance due to declining party ties.
c. It has become completely nonexistent because of declining party ties.
d. It has remained roughly as powerful as before.
e. It has become more pronounced because of increasing party ties.
Ans: B
25. It is generally more difficult to win the nomination of your party but easier to win the general
election when ______.
a. the seat is open
b. an incumbent of your party is running for reelection
c. an incumbent of the other party is running for reelection
d. a president of your party is very unpopular
e. a president of the opposition party is very popular
Ans: A
26. In general, what has the greatest effect on the midterm losses suffered by the president’s
party?
a. the economy and the president’s standing in the world
b. how aggressively the Supreme Court has ruled against or for the president’s positions
c. whether the president’s party controls Congress
d. whether or not the president campaigns for reelection
e. the president’s standing with the public and the state of the economy
Ans: E
27. Strategic politicians are ______.

a. politically inexperienced nonincumbents who challenge incumbents only when their party
controls the presidency
b. politically experienced nonincumbents who rationally and carefully weigh key considerations
©2016, CQ Press
TEST BANK
before they decide to run for Congress

c. politically inexperienced nonincumbents who base their appeals on a strategic issue rather than
personal image
d. politically experienced incumbents who avoid using their incumbency advantages for fear of
an electoral backlash
e. politically experienced nonincumbents who choose not to raise significant campaign funds for
fear of an electoral backlash
Ans: B
28. All of the following statements concerning Hispanic representation in Congress are true
EXCEPT this one:
a. They are even more underrepresented than African Americans.
b. They do not vote as solidly for one party as do African Americans.
c. In recent years, they have been more likely to vote for the Republican Party.
d. Both parties have tried to win the Hispanic vote.
e. The issue of immigration has had an important effect on the Hispanic vote.
Ans: C
Answer Location: Being a Representative
29. All of the following conclusions concerning the effects of descriptive representation are true
EXCEPT this one:
a. The poor suffer in the distribution of goods and services because they are badly
underrepresented.
b. African Americans and women have gained symbolically from greater representation in
Congress.
c. African Americans and women have clearly gained substantively from greater representation
in Congress.
d. The primary effect of descriptive representation appears to be to bring neglected perspectives
to the legislative process.
e. Partisan identification is often more important than race or gender in determining the policy
positions a representative will support.
Ans: C
Answer Location: Being a Representative
©2016, CQ Press
TEST BANK
Difficulty Level: Hard
30. All of the following statements concerning political parties in Congress are true EXCEPT
this one:
a. Parties are important because Congress is organized along party lines.
b. Parties are important because they are the mechanism for member advancement.
c. Parties punish members who do not vote with the party position on important issues.
d. The parties stand for very different positions on major issues.
e. The tendency for a majority of Democrats to vote on the opposite side of a majority of
Republicans has been increasing for many years.
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 7-4: Summarize the central role that the parties play in Congress.
Answer Location: The Central Role of Party
31. Which of the following statements concerning power in Congress is NOT true?
a. The Speaker of the House has become more powerful in the past thirty years.
b. Committee chairs have become weaker in the past thirty years.
c. The Senate majority leader is much less powerful than the speaker of the House.
d. The Speaker’s office gained power when the Republicans took control of the House in 1994.
e. Increasing bipartisanship has weakened the power of committee chairs.
Ans: E
Answer Location: The Leadership
32. It has been increasingly difficult for the parties to work together in Congress in recent years
because of ______.
a. the decreasing willingness of members to follow their party leaders
b. an increasing number of members who refuse to identify with either party
c. increasing hostility toward presidential leadership
d. the public’s decreasing attention to the actions of Congress
e. increasing party polarization and hyperpartisanship
Ans: E
Answer Location: Partisanship
33. Leaders in Congress obtain their power from ______.

a. the Constitution
b. seniority
c. the members
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d. the president
e. the Supreme Court
Ans: C
34. ______ are important in Congress because they organize the chambers.
a. Presidents
b. Senior staff
c. Parties
d. Standing committees
e. Lobbyists
Ans: C
35. The major source of power for the Senate majority leader is ______.
a. control over the choice of committee chairs
b. the strict party discipline expected of members in floor voting
c. the ability to put holds on legislation favored by individual members
d. the control of filibusters
e. influence over the scheduling of legislation for floor consideration
Ans: E
36. All of the following statements concerning congressional committee chairs are true EXCEPT
this one:
a. Committee chairs have lost some of their power in the past thirty years.
b. Committee chairs serve at the pleasure of the party caucus and party leaders.
c. Throughout most of the twentieth century, the seniority system controlled the selection of
committee chairs.
d. The use of the seniority system means that the member of the majority party with the longest
service on the committee is selected as the chair.
e. Seniority is now irrelevant for the selection of committee chairs.
Ans: E
©2016, CQ Press
TEST BANK
37. Most of the hard work of considering legislative alternatives and drafting legislation occurs
______.
a. at the discretion of the executive branch
b. within congressional standing committees
c. only after the Supreme Court reviews it
d. on the floor of both chambers
e. strictly among the parties’ leadership
Ans: B
Answer Location: The Committee System
38. The primary responsibility for gathering information, taking testimony, and revising
legislation in Congress falls to ______.
a. the Committee of the Whole
b. the Rules Committee
c. the majority party leadership
d. the members as a whole meeting on the floor
e. standing committees
Ans: E
39. The greatest importance of standing committees is that they ______.

a. permit the leadership to control the legislative process
b. control the influence of lobbyists on the legislative process
c. increase congressional power by allowing detailed analysis and modification of legislation
d. give the president more power in the legislative process than he or she would have otherwise
e. give the courts a record from which to study congressional intent
Ans: C
40. Which of the following is the extremely powerful congressional committee that determines
when debate on a bill will take place?
a. the House Government Reform Committee
b. the House Ways and Means Committee
c. the House Rules Committee
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TEST BANK
d. the House Appropriations Committee

e. the House Administration Committee
Ans: C
41. A representative who sought power within the House would likely want a seat on ______.
a. a select committee
b. as many joint committees as possible
c. the Standards of Official Conduct Committee
d. as many conference committees as possible
e. the Rules Committee
Ans: E
42. The Vietnam War and Watergate affected Congress by ______.

a. causing Congress to take steps to increase its independence from the information sources of
the executive branch
b. causing Congress to reduce its dependence on information sources outside of the executive
branch
c. causing Congress to increase the power of committee chairs to strengthen the institution
d. causing Congress to reduce the power of the leadership
e. reducing party line votes in Congress
Ans: A
Answer Location: Congressional Resources
43. Congress makes use of __________ to increase its independence from the executive branch
of government.
a. the Legislative Budget Board
b. conference committees
c. the Government Accountability Office
d. the Joint Authorization Task Force
e. the congressional chief of staff
Ans: C
Answer Location: Congressional Resources
©2016, CQ Press
TEST BANK
44. When different versions of the same bill pass in the House and the Senate, ______.
a. the chamber that considered the bill originally should take the lead in resolving the differences
b. it dies immediately, and both chambers must start over
c. a conference committee is formed to bridge the gap between the bills
d. the president appoints a mediator to negotiate an acceptable compromise
e. it is sent back to each chamber for reconsideration
Ans: C
45. All of the following contribute to congressional independence and power in the legislative
process EXCEPT this:
a. the division of power between the House and the Senate
b. congressional committees
c. the Congressional Budget Office
d. congressional staff
e. the Congressional Research Service
Ans: A
Answer Location: Congressional Organization
46. Policy entrepreneurship is defined as the ______.

a. rare instances in which members of Congress change committees in midcareer
b. creation of coalitions that support pork barrel legislation
c. practice among legislators of becoming expert leaders in specific policy areas
d. legislative norm by which members of Congress swap votes
e. members of Congress who are puppets of their constituents and interest group donors
Ans: C
47. The influence of interest groups on roll-call voting decisions by members of Congress is
______.
a. much less than is usually thought
b. greater than any other factor
c. more important than party affiliation
d. more important than constituency influences
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TEST BANK
e. more important than the cues of other members

Ans: A
48. Most bills introduced in Congress ______.

a. die by inaction at the committee stage
b. are voted down on the floor of the House or the Senate
c. are bottled up in the House Rules Committee
d. pass through both the House and the Senate
e. pass one chamber but not the other
Ans: A
49. It is so difficult for Congress to pass laws because ______.

a. a bill can be defeated at many points in the process
b. of the sheer size of the institution
c. of the rivalry that exists between the House and the Senate
d. of the lack of legislative leadership demonstrated by recent presidents
e. passing a bill is costly
Ans: A
50. The legislative agenda is influenced strongly by all of the following EXCEPT this:
a. the policy proposals of newly elected presidents
b. well-publicized events that bring a problem to national attention
c. the ability of presidents to get the attention of the press and the public for their policy
proposals
d. a member’s willingness to invest time and resources in pushing a proposal
e. lobbyist demands
Ans: E
51. In recent years, the filibuster has ______.

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TEST BANK
a. been used much less frequently than in the past

b. become more likely to be used by bipartisan groups of opponents of civil rights legislation
c. become a tactic regularly used by the minority party to block proposals of the majority party
d. become a tactic regularly used by the majority party to block proposals of the minority party
e. become a much weaker tactic because of recent reforms instituted by the Senate
Ans: C
52. According to the text, the congressional process is slow and involves a great deal of
bickering and arguing because ______.
a. politics breeds competitiveness
b. each side is more interested in partisan advantage than in solving the nation’s problems
c. politics draws self-interested men and women
d. media coverage causes members to posture and behave in partisan ways to play to their
constituents
e. democracy is a messy process that involves bargaining and compromise
Ans: E
53. The public dislikes Congress for all of the following reasons EXCEPT this one:
a. Members run for Congress by running against it.
b. Media coverage has become more negative in recent decades.
c. The public has more information concerning how much money is spent in congressional
elections.
d. The public perceives the legislative process as involving constant bickering and partisanship.
e. There has been an increase in corruption among members of Congress in recent years.
Ans: E
54. If Americans wanted Congress to quit creating pork barrel projects (also known as earmarks),
they would have to ______.
a. insist that their individual representatives be more responsive to local needs
b. pay closer attention to what their representatives are doing in Congress
c. reward their representatives more for engaging in national lawmaking and less for acts of
representation
d. give more money to congressional campaigns
©2016, CQ Press
TEST BANK
e. give more support to incumbents

Ans: C
lawmaking.
55. Congress finds it difficult to make policy that solves national problems because ______.
a. constituents reward them for taking care of their individual interests
b. they are in debt to special interests
c. government is inefficient
d. they are too interested in scoring political points
e. they do not want the president to get credit for solving problems
Ans: A
Answer Location: National Lawmaking
56. Citizens view Congress with ______.

a. increasing approval
b. increasing support for Congress as a whole but with growing disapproval for individual
representatives and senators
c. increasing disapproval
d. approval only during election seasons
e. disapproval only during election seasons
Ans: C
57. According to the textbook, why does Congress have to be unified and motivated in order to
pass legislation?
a. The parties are too strong, which leads to more delays and compromise.
b. The president has no ability to affect the agenda of Congress.
c. This approach puts more emphasis on representation.
d. The founders designed the legislative process to have many possible disruptions and
stagnations.
e. The current set of politicians in Washington has failed the system.
Ans: E
©2016, CQ Press
TEST BANK
58. The two most important functions of Congress are ______ and ______.
a. representation and national lawmaking.
b. delegation and campaigning.
c. voting and policy discussion.
d. congressional hearings and speeches.
Ans: A
lawmaking.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
59. The founders created the congressional decision-making process to be ______.

a. rapid-fire.
b. neither fast nor slow.
c. expedient.
d. slow and deliberative.
Ans: D
lawmaking.
60. ______ refers to a congressional committee’s monitoring of the executive branch and of
government agencies to ensure they are acting as Congress intends.
a. Congressional over watch
b. Congressional oversight
c. Congressional foresight
d. Congressional viewpoint
Ans: B
61. The Senate shares with ______ the power to approve members of the Supreme Court.
a. the populace
b. the House
c. the Fed
d. the president
Ans: D
©2016, CQ Press
TEST BANK
62. The job of confirming presidential appointments belongs to the ______.

a. populace
b. House
c. Senate
d. president
Ans: C
63. The reallocation of congressional seats among the states every ten years, following the
census, is known as ______.
a. reapportionment
b. proportioning
c. gerrymandering
d. elections
Ans: A
64. The number of representatives with voting privileges in the House of Representatives is
currently set at ______ members.
a. 538
b. 100
c. 435
d. 50
Ans: C
65. After the census every ten years, House seats are ______ to ensure that districts maintain
©2016, CQ Press
TEST BANK
population equality.
a. reapportioned among the states
b. voted on
c. traded between states
d. removed
Ans: A
True/False
1. The process of redrawing congressional districts to match population shifts in states with more
than one representative is called redistricting.
Ans: T
2. Redrawing congressional district boundaries to favor a particular group or party is known as

jerry-rigging.
Ans: F
3. Partisan gerrymandering is the process in a particular state legislature whereby the majority
party draws districts to maximize the number of House seats the party can win.
Ans: T
4. According to the textbook, racial gerrymandering is highly controversial.

Ans: T
©2016, CQ Press
TEST BANK

5. Strategic voters are politically experienced nonincumbents who rationally and carefully weigh
key issues.
Ans: F
6. In recent years, roll-call votes have become a tactic regularly used by the minority party to
block proposals of the majority party.
Ans: F
7. Congress can override a presidential veto if a two-thirds majority of both houses vote to do so.
Ans: T
Fill in the Blank
1. As a leader, the majority leader of the Senate has much ______ power than the Speaker of the
House.
Ans: less
2. ______ are important in Congress because they organize the chambers.

Ans: Parties
©2016, CQ Press
TEST BANK
3. The slate of proposals and issues that members of Congress think is worthwhile to consider
and act on is called the _______.
Ans: legislative agenda
Essay
1. Define the term hyperpartisanship, and discuss why it has become more prevalent in modern
American politics.
Ans: Hyperpartisanship is defined as a commitment to one’s party that is so strong that it
transcends other commitments and leads members to choose the interests of the party over those
of constituents or the interests of the nation as a whole. Party affiliations have always been an
important part of the identities of members of Congress, but in recent years, it has come to trump
other considerations. In today’s era of hyperpartisanship, the parties are polarized, which means
that the issue positions and ideological stances of Democrats and Republicans have been
growing apart, and each party has become more internally homogeneous. This means that
bipartisanship—working with members of the opposite party—is increasingly rare, especially
when the very act of cooperating with the other side can be seen as a betrayal of one’s own.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Partisanship
2. Define racial gerrymandering, and explain its current legal status.

Ans: Students should correctly define racial gerrymandering (district lines drawn to favor or
disadvantage an ethnic or a racial group) as well as highlight that it is one of three types of
gerrymandering. Successful answers will highlight the fact that racial gerrymandering is a rather
recent tactic (first used in 1982) and has produced controversial majority-minority districts.
These districts have often been rejected by the courts because race cannot be the predominant
factor in drawing congressional districts, although it may be taken into account. Recently, some
of these majority-minority districts have been allowed because the court has been unable to
disentangle racial gerrymandering from partisan gerrymandering.
3. What are some of the factors that affect a candidate’s chances of winning a congressional
race?
Ans: Students should first note that congressional elections are heavily influenced by the rules,
especially in the House, where redistricting may alter competition dramatically every decade.
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TEST BANK
Second, incumbents have enormous advantages over challengers (especially in the House)
because of the representative functions they play (e.g., policy and casework) and the institutional
advantages they enjoy (e.g., franking). The challengers who do succeed are usually high-quality
challengers who have political experience (typically having held office before) and who are
strategic politicians, meaning they consider the proper time to run against an incumbent: in open-
seat races, after redistricting that is unfavorable to the incumbent’s party, when national trends
and the president’s public standing are in their favor, or when coattail or midterm loss effects
may be to their benefit. It is key for a challenger to raise money as well.
4. Explain the role of the parties in Congress. How does party leadership differ between the two
chambers and why? Explain recent trends in party leadership strength over time as well as the
reasons for changing strength.
Ans: Students should highlight the important role of party leadership in organizing both
institutions. Although both parties and committees play key organizational roles in Congress,
party leadership centralizes power, whereas the committee system tends to decentralize power.
Party leadership tends to be more powerful in the House of Representatives because of the size
of the institution and the influence the Speaker of the House places on the Rules Committee,
which may limit the ability of members to debate and offer amendments to bills. With no such
limits in the Senate and because of its smaller membership and more individualistic nature, the
Senate majority leader does not enjoy as much control (though he or she can control scheduling
of legislation). Recently, party leadership control over the House has increased, with its high
point coming under Speaker Newt Gingrich after Republicans gained control of Congress in
1995. Before then, Speakers did not enjoy as much power because of resistance to the “boss
rule” of Speaker Joe Cannon.
5. Discuss the committee system in Congress. What functions does the committee system
perform? What are the types of committees, and how do they differ? What is the role of the
chair, and how has the selection and power of the chair changed over the years? How are
members chosen for committees, and how do they decide the committees on which they wish to
serve?
Ans: A good answer will discuss the fact that the committee system strengthens congressional
independence from the executive by providing Congress with a method of detailed consideration
of legislation and bodies through which to carry out oversight of the executive branch. The types
of committees should be named and their various functions discussed. Students should discuss
the fact that chairs have gone from being unimportant in the nineteenth century to dominating
their committees through most of the twentieth and to having a major but diminished role, in
©2016, CQ Press
TEST BANK
which they are expected to follow the party leaders and party caucus, in recent years. The
connection of these changes to the shifts in methods of selecting chairs should be discussed. The
members’ interest in committees that help them serve their districts, make important policies, or
take part in exercising power in Congress should be discussed as the important factors in
deciding what committees members choose.
6. Explain the process of how a bill becomes a law. Specifically, highlight the many places
where a bill may be sidetracked, fundamentally changed, or killed. How does this process fit
with the founders’ intent concerning Congress?
Ans: Students should be able to discuss how a bill gets on the congressional agenda and then
describe the process, from introduction into the “hopper” to referral to committee, and the fact
that most legislation dies in committee or subcommittee. The differences between the Senate and
the House are significant. First, senators may always offer amendments to legislation later, so the
committee stage is less important in the Senate than in the House. Second, the House Rules
Committee can tightly limit debate and amendments, whereas senators can filibuster and offer
amendments to legislation. If legislation is passed, it must be in identical form in both chambers;
if it is not, it goes to a conference committee. If wording is hammered out in conference
committee, both chambers must pass the legislation again in its new form before it gets sent to
the president, who may sign it, veto it, or pocket veto it. Both chambers have to pass the
legislation with a two-thirds vote to override a presidential veto. A quality answer might mention
that providing places in this process where different regional interests can check a majority fits
with Madison’s arguments in Federalist No. 10. Or the answer might highlight how the founders
wanted many checks within this branch of government as well as between branches of
government.
7. How do the House and the Senate differ in terms of how they consider bills?
Ans: The House has tighter organization because of its larger size. This leads to key differences
between the two chambers. Senators do not worry as much about which committee hears
legislation because they will have a better opportunity to make changes later; they may always
offer amendments and may also filibuster legislation. These powers do not exist in the House,
and the Rules Committee often places restrictive rules on debate and amendments. This gives
greater power to House party leadership than to Senate party leadership.
©2016, CQ Press
TEST BANK
8. Explain why the dual roles of members of Congress encourage citizens’ love-hate relationship
with Congress.
Ans: The dual functions of Congress, to represent constituents but also to pass legislation in the
nation’s interest, put stress on the representatives. Often, representatives and senators will
concentrate on pleasing their constituency through a host of representative functions at the
expense of attention to national lawmaking. We reward our particular representatives and
senators because they represent us, yet we deplore Congress as a whole because the rest of the
body concentrates on representing others. We create the very institution we dislike by rewarding
our own representatives and senators for doing what we dislike other representatives or senators
for doing. Furthermore, the increasing role of partisanship deepens this love-hate relationship.
American citizens approve of situations where a representative votes to pass a bill favored by the
citizen’s political party. Yet Americans dislike it when representatives let partisanship escalate to
the point where Congress is unable to function.
Answer Location: Various pages
9. Discuss the clash between representation, partisanship, and lawmaking. What tension exists
between these functions for our representatives and senators, and what effect does this have on
how the public views Congress? What effect does it have on how our government functions?
Ans: Students should first discuss the multiple representative functions that representatives and
senators provide citizens: policy representation, allocative representation, casework, and
symbolic representation. Students should also discuss the appetite the American people have for
public policy in the national interest. Because representatives and senators give significant
attention toward pleasing their own constituents in representative functions, less time and energy
are left for national lawmaking. Further, citizens reward their representatives and senators for
these representative functions while also being upset that Congress as a whole is full of members
spending time on their own representative functions rather than on national lawmaking (though
not blaming their own representatives or senators for doing the same). Additionally, since the
mid-1990s, partisanship has again become a fierce divider of the American public. Members of
Congress have not been so polarized by party since the Civil War. People running for Congress
have little incentive to appeal to more moderate voters, as they used to do. If a hyperpartisan
representative wants to keep his or her job and not face a primary-election challenge from a
candidate viewed by the party as more ideologically pure, he or she has to pick party over what’s
best for the district or the nation. Furthermore, hyperpartisanship can keep important legislation
from passing, even if such legislation is necessary for the government to function. This explains
citizens’ love-hate relationship with Congress.
Answer Location: Various pages
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of Neither Jew nor
Greek
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Title: Neither Jew nor Greek

a story of Jewish social life
Author: Violet Guttenberg
Release date: November 1, 2023 [eBook #72000]
Language: English
Original publication: London: Chatto & Windus, 1902
Credits: Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team

at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from
scanned images of public domain material from the Google
Books project.)
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NEITHER

JEW NOR GREEK ***
CONTENTS
FOOTNOTES
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
NEITHER JEW NOR GREEK
NEITHER JEW NOR

GREEK
A STORY OF JEWISH SOCIAL LIFE
BY
VIOLET GUTTENBERG
LONDON
CHATTO & WINDUS
1902
PRINTED BY
WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED,
LONDON AND BECCLES.
TO
MY FRIEND
MARIE CORELLI
AS A SLIGHT TRIBUTE TO HER
GENIUS
THIS BOOK IS AFFECTIONATELY INSCRIBED
CONTENTS
BOOK I
PROBATION
CHAPTER PAGE
I. A Marriage of Convenience 1
II. Introduces a Sweet and Lovable Jewish Girl 8
III. The Barrier of Race and Faith 17
IV. Geoffrey receives Unpalatable Advice 25
V. The Friedbergs of Maida Vale 34
VI. An Academy Student 43
VII. Enter—David Salmon 52
VIII. At Synagogue on New Year’s Day 60
IX. Luncheon for Three 69
X. A Gold Nugget and a Diamond Ring 77
XI. Under the Mistletoe 88
XII. David Salmon pays a Visit of Condolence 99
XIII. The Social Ethics of Judaism 110
BOOK II
THREE YEARS AFTER

I. Celia makes her Professional Début in London 125
II. A New Project discussed 136
III. Fitzjohn’s Avenue, Hampstead,—or Jerusalem? 147
IV. A Letter from Australia 157
V. The Wiltons of Woodruffe 165
VI. Celia’s Awakening 173
VII. White Heather 182
VIII. The Ring returned 191
IX. An Outcast in Israel 199
X. Strelitzki paves the Way for his Revenge 210
XI. The Stannard Ball, and after—An Eventful Night 223
XII. A Woman’s Love 237
XIII. The Acme Furnishing Company 251
“The Voice of the Charmer,” and an Unexpected
XIV. Meeting 263
XV. Ninette tells her Story 276
XVI. The Darkness deepens around Ninette 291
XVII. Both Sides of the Curtain 305
XVIII. “Neither Jew nor Greek”—One God over All 319
BOOK I
PROBATION
NEITHER JEW NOR GREEK
CHAPTER I
A MARRIAGE OF CONVENIENCE
“If you ever do get married, girls,” Adeline was saying, as she
contemplated her wedding-dress, which lay spread out on the bed, “see to it
that you get men, and not broomsticks.”
“I think I would rather have a broomstick than some men,” said the
youngest sister Di. “Because a broomstick is at least inoffensive; whereas a
man with a temper would be a positive nuisance.”
“I wouldn’t give a halfpenny for a man without a temper,” put in Lottie,
with a shrug. “Look at old Solomon, for instance. He is as meek as Moses.
Whenever Mrs. Sol tells him to do anything, he folds his hands, and says,
‘Yes, my dear, immediately,’ and goes and does it at once. If she told him to
go and drown himself, I believe he would say, ‘Yes, my dear, immediately,’
from sheer force of habit.”
“That shows Mrs. Sol’s cleverness,” said Adeline with a sigh. “She must
have broken him in when he was young and pliable. My future husband is
neither young nor pliable. Oh, girls, I wonder what sort of a husband Mike
will make.”
It was the eve of Adeline’s wedding. She was the eldest daughter, and
the first to leave the parental roof. “Adeline is a smart girl, and will do well
for herself,” her fond mother had been wont to say: and Adeline certainly
had done well, according to her parents’ ideas, for she had secured Michael
Rosen, the proprietor of the Acme Furnishing Company—a man who had
come over from Poland twenty years ago to start life (English life) as an
itinerant vendor of jewellery, and who was now at the head of the
furnishing trade in his particular line. Adeline’s parents, Mr. and Mrs.
Friedberg, had been introduced to him by the minister of the synagogue
which they attended, with the understanding, that if the parties came to
terms, and a marriage ensued, the Rev. Isaac Abrahams should pocket an
ample commission.
At the wedding-breakfast, which took place at the Hotel Cecil, the Rev.
Isaac, in the course of his speech, lightly mentioned the fact that marriages
were made in heaven, and unblushingly thanked Providence for having
brought the happy bridal couple together. Every one remarked how
touchingly and beautifully he spoke.
It is not so difficult to give an eloquent speech when the champagne
flows as freely as water, and one has a substantial cheque snugly reposing
in one’s pocket-book. The Rev. Isaac Abrahams was a happy man that day;
he possessed feelings of benevolence towards all mankind.
Adeline looked very charming in her bridal finery, and excited envy in
the hearts of a good many mothers and daughters present. She had a choral
and floral wedding, a full account of which, including a list of all the
wedding presents, would appear in the Jewish World and the Queen; and
she was the prospective mistress of a beautiful house in Fitzjohn’s Avenue,
Hampstead, and another in Brunswick Terrace, Brighton. Could any girl
wish for more? True, the bridegroom would never see forty again, and he
was neither good-looking nor well-bred; but wealth covers a multitude of
other deficiencies, and one cannot have everything. So, every one agreed
that Adeline was a very fortunate girl, and Adeline herself thought so too.
She was ecstatically happy for exactly twenty-four hours after the
ceremony.
The first part of their honeymoon was spent at a farm-house ten miles
from anywhere, where, if they had been so inclined, they could have made
love to their heart’s content, without the least fear of any disturbance. Mike
chose this place because his bride had once remarked in his hearing that she
adored the country—which she did in the abstract.
It is so nice to think of green fields, and leafy lanes, and bleating lambs,
and twittering birds—when one is in town.
Adeline had never spent a whole day in Mike’s company before, and
very soon grew tired of his society. During their short engagement he had
come to see her every evening, but had spent most of his time in the smoke-
room with her father, and she had seen very little of him. Perhaps, if she had
seen more of him, she would not have become his wife. Now that she was
entirely dependent upon him for companionship, however, she wondered
how they would get on together. His sole topic of conversation was
furniture—“ferniture,” he pronounced it. His had been one of the first firms
to introduce the “easy payments” system on an extensive scale, and Mike
was justly proud of the fact. Adeline wondered, a trifle contemptuously, if
he considered her part of his household “ferniture.” She was at least
ornamental, if not altogether useful.
Life at the farm was not exciting, and at the end of the third day, the
young bride had a bad attack of the blues. She was not particularly
interested in watching the pigs fed and the cows milked; and what was the
good of all her pretty frocks and lovely jewels when there was no one to see
and admire them. It was all very well for Mike. He sat on the top of a
haystack, dressed in flannels, nearly all day; and as long as he had a fat
cigar to smoke, a glass of whisky to drink, and a furniture catalogue to read,
he was perfectly happy. But even he was bored when, on the fourth day, it
began to rain, and forgot to leave off; and when Friday came round, he
suggested a trip to Blackpool, to which his wife willingly agreed.
Blackpool was a decided improvement to the farm, but the wet weather
followed them even there, so, at the end of a very dull fortnight, they turned
their faces homewards. It was quite delightful to see dear old smoky
London once more.
Adeline lost no time in going to see her family, and went the same
afternoon that they returned. Mike was obliged to go straight off to
business, but she was not sorry to have to go alone. Her visit was quite a
surprise, for they were not expected home for at least another week. Mr. and
Mrs. Friedberg were out, she was told, but the girls were at home, and
received her with rapturous exclamations of delight and astonishment. They
carried her off to her old bedroom to take off her things, and plied her with
questions which she could not possibly answer all at once. She hugged them
all round, Prince, the pug, included; then she sat down on the bed, and
indulged in a good cry, after which she felt considerably better.
The girls were filled with consternation. They had never seen Adeline
cry before. Had Mike been doing anything to vex her? No? Then, what on
earth was she crying for? Di ran for smelling-salts, and Lottie fetched
brandy; in vain Adeline protested that she needed neither.
“You must think me a little fool, girls,” she sobbed, copiously drying her
tears. “It was the excitement of seeing you again, I suppose. I shall feel
much better when I have had some tea.”
She made them promise not to tell her parents what a silly girl she was;
and then brightened up, and told them of all she had seen and done.
By the time Mr. and Mrs. Friedberg arrived, she was all smiles again,
and they were delighted to see her looking so well.
“Married life agrees with you, evidently,” her mother remarked, as she
gave her a prolonged and audible kiss on either cheek. “You are looking
splendid, Addie. Mr. Cohen’s nephew—not the one who married Sol
Benjamin’s niece, but the other one—saw you on the pier at Blackpool, and
said that you and Mike were so taken up with lovemaking, that you never
even acknowledged his existence.”
“It was very windy on the pier,” said Adeline apologetically. “It was all I
could do to keep my hat on. I did not notice any one who was passing.”
“No, of course not,” put in Mr. Friedberg, with a wink. “No one would
expect you to. By-the-by, what do you think of your house, Addie? It’s
’ansome, isn’t it? That’s the best of having a husband in the furnishing line.
Mike let me have everything at cost price. When these girls get
chosanim,”[1] with a sly look at his other daughters, “they shall set up
housekeeping in grand style too.”
Was she never going to get away from that wretched furniture? Adeline
was sick of the very word.
“The next wedding we have in the family,” remarked Mrs. Friedberg,
apropos of nothing, “I shall put out a notice—‘No electro plate received
here.’ It’s simply scandalous the number of fish-carvers you received, and
hardly any of them silver. And fancy that Mrs. Moses sending a rubbishing
cake-basket, after all the kindness and hospitality we’ve shown her. I don’t
know how people can be so mean.”
The clock struck six, and Adeline rose to go. She must be home to have
dinner with Mike, she said, and it was a good way from Maida Vale to
Fitzjohn’s Avenue. She wanted to take Lottie and her young brother Victor
back with her, but her mother was sure Mike would prefer to spend his first
evening at home with his wife alone.
Mrs. Friedberg possessed some curious ideas. She knew, and did not
pretend to ignore the fact, that her daughter’s marriage with Michael Rosen
was a made-up match, and that, had the bridegroom been less wealthy, or
the bride less attractive, the marriage would have never taken place; yet she
persisted in thinking and saying that the bridal pair were very much in love
with each other.
Adeline, like most Jewish girls of the present day, had been taught to
place her affections in accordance with her parents’ wishes. The idea of
falling in love with anybody had never occurred to her. She was a sensible
girl, and knew that even if she so desired—and she did not desire it—she
could never marry a poor man, or a Christian, so she had resigned herself to
the inevitable, and had accepted Michael Rosen without a protest. Mike was
as good as any other rich Jew she had met, and even if he were of the
“broomstick” order of men, he was at least, as Di had said, inoffensive.
If only she could break him of that detestable habit of talking “shop”
wherever he went! She would have to teach him that there were other
subjects of interest to the generality of people as well as his beloved
“ferniture.”
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCES A SWEET AND LOVABLE JEWISH GIRL
If you had asked who was the most popular man in Durlston, you would
have been told, without a moment’s hesitation, that his name was Herbert
Karne. Broad-chested, large-hearted, and liberal-minded, Herbert won the
hearts of all with whom he came in contact, by his cheery geniality and his
consummate tact. He was a Jew, but he was also an English gentleman, and
was treated as such by the members of the social circle in which he moved.
Durlston was an uninteresting little town not many miles from
Manchester. There was a very large boot and shoe manufactory at one end
of the tiny High Street, and the population of the town was considerably
increased by the factory labourers and their families. These were mostly
Jews, very poor Jews, who had recently emigrated from Roumania and
were glad to get work, even though it were at almost starvation wages.
Mendel & Co. secured them directly they arrived in Houndsditch, and
packed them off to the Durlston manufactory as occasion required. They
were easily satisfied and obsequious, these poor Jews, and seemed to be
able to exist on next to nothing.
Herbert Karne lived with his half-sister in a pretty country house—The
Towers—just outside the town. He was an artist by profession and a
romancist by nature. He took the greatest interest in the little Jewish colony
which had sprung up almost beneath his windows, and it was his pleasure to
protect the rights of the colonists against the cut-throat practices of their
employers. He agitated for shorter hours and better pay, and, for fear of
being boycotted, Messrs. Mendel & Co. were obliged to make concessions.
These poor Jews had no spirit of their own; they were utterly
downtrodden with the effect of oppression and destitution: so Karne was
determined to defend their cause, and he became their firm friend and ally.
Whenever a new batch of Jews arrived in Durlston, he took them in hand
at once. He anglicized them, and made them suppress their Jewish
idiosyncrasies. With the help of his half-sister Celia, and a few friends, he
organized a night school, and taught them to read and write. He managed to
enlist the sympathy of the most influential people in the county on their
behalf, and got up all sorts of literary and musical entertainments, in order
to brighten their empty lives. The educating and uplifting of these poor
waifs of humanity was Herbert’s hobby; he entered into it heart and soul.
There was no synagogue in Durlston, the nearest one being in
Manchester, so he arranged to have divine service in the schoolroom every
Saturday morning, at which Emil Blatz, the foreman of the factory,
officiated. Herbert himself gave the lecture as a rule, and preached not from
a religious so much as from an ethical standpoint. He endeavoured to instil
into his hearers his own high standard of honour and equity; he wanted to
broaden their ideals, and to make them true to the noble instincts of their
ancient race and faith.
And in a great measure he succeeded. There were very few who came
under Herbert Karne’s influence who did not benefit by it. He imbued them
with self-respect, and gave them back their sense of manhood. When they
left the factory—generally to better their position in some way—they were,
most of them, better men and nobler Jews than when they had entered it.
Their backs were no longer bowed with the yoke of oppression. They held
their heads erect, and were able once again to look the whole world in the
face.
It was a Sunday afternoon in late summer, and Karne’s grounds were
thrown open to receive his friends and protègèes. A small piano had been
brought out on the lawn, and somebody was playing one of Strauss’ most
inspiriting waltzes. The men smoked, and nodded their heads to the music,
and talked to each other of the hardships of bygone days. The women
darned their stockings, and watched pretty Miss Celia flitting about in her
white dress, with a sweet smile and a kindly word for each one of them. The
dark-eyed children chased each other over the turf, danced round the piano,
and enjoyed themselves thoroughly. Some of them wandered towards the
studio, and, standing before the long French windows, gazed with feelings
of awe at the paintings which were the handiwork of their benefactor. How
lovely it must be to be able to paint wonderful pictures like those, they
thought!
Herbert Karne was employed in amusing the babies. They kept him fully
occupied, and demanded all his attention. One little olive-skinned maiden
sat on his knee; another tugged at his hair; and a third played with his
watch-chain. Their host enjoyed it all quite as much as they did themselves;
he was passionately fond of children.
A gentleman was coming out of the house and across the lawn. Mr.
Karne handed the children back to their mothers, and came forward to greet
him.
“Glad to see you, Geoffrey,” he said, as they shook hands. “Celia was
just wishing that you were here. They wanted her to sing, but she was quite
at a loss without you to play her accompaniments. By-the-by, Geoff, it’s
quite decided; she is to go away.”
The young man’s face fell perceptibly. “I am very sorry,” he said, and his
voice was quite husky. “But I think you are quite right, Karne. Celia has a
great future before her, and she is utterly wasted here in this sleepy little
place. With her voice, and her personality, she will have all London at her
feet some day. You will send her to Marchesi in Paris, I suppose?”
“No; Professor Bemberger thinks she will do just as well at the Academy
in London, or, at least, until her voice is more fully developed. I did not like
the idea of sending her abroad. We have friends in London, and she will not
feel so isolated there.”
They moved up to where Celia was standing—a tall and well-developed
girl, with a quantity of red-gold hair, hazel eyes, and fair complexion. She
had a short high-bridged nose, and a sweet refined mouth. Her half-brother
had once painted her as Hypatia; her features were distinctly Grecian in
type.
She turned round at their approach, and extended her hand to the new-
comer with a cordial greeting.
Geoffrey Milnes was the son of the Vicar of Durlston, and junior partner
of the chief doctor in the town. He was one of Herbert Karne’s most
intimate friends, and spent a good deal of his spare time at the Towers,
where he had established himself as Celia’s accompanist-in-chief. He
possessed the happy knack of being able to make himself useful in almost
any capacity, and was always so eager to assist in any way he could, that it
was quite a pleasure to accept his services.
Celia offered him a chair and a cup of tea. “What brings you here to-
day?” she asked. “I thought you always spent Sunday with your father.”
“So I do,” he answered, nibbling a tiny piece of cake. “But I happened to
be passing, and, hearing the music, I could not resist the temptation to look
in. If you don’t want me, though, I’ll go away.”
“Of course I want you, and I am very pleased you have come,” she
hastened to assure him. “Only you must think us such Sabbath-breakers.”
“Not at all. You had your Sunday yesterday. We cannot expect you to
keep ours as well.”
“Yesterday was not our Sunday,” Celia corrected him with a smile. “We
had our Sabbath yesterday, but our Sunday is to-day. I have heard so many
people say that we keep our Sunday on Saturday. It sounds Irish to me.”
“It is rather silly, certainly,” he admitted. “But you see we generally
connect Sunday with the Sabbath in our minds. What are you going to
sing?” he added, as Celia selected some music from a portfolio. “Something
of Schubert’s?”
He went to the piano and struck a few chords. His touch was light and
facile, and he was an excellent accompanist on that account. Celia’s voice
was a sweet and very pure soprano, and she already possessed remarkable
power and flexibility for her age. She sang Beethoven’s “Kennst du das
Land?” with expression and a pretty German accent. Her audience listened
entranced. Some of the women put down their sewing; their vision was
clouded by a mist of tears.
“You must not sing any more in the open air,” said Dr. Milnes, as he rose
from the piano. “You will have to take very great care of your voice now
that you have decided to become a professional singer. When are you going
away?”
“On Thursday week,” she answered with a sigh. “The entrance
examination at the Academy is on the Saturday following.”
“So soon!” he said regretfully. “And I suppose you will quite forget the
unsophisticated Durlston people, when you are in the midst of the
excitement of London life?”
“Indeed, I shall not,” she answered him earnestly. “I shall miss them all
dreadfully, especially Herbert and—and you. I wanted Herbert to take a flat
in London so that we could be together, but I cannot get him to leave
Durlston. He thinks the factory people could not do without him, and he
says that he cannot work anywhere but in his own studio. He is painting his
big picture for the Royal Academy, you know.”
“Yes; I shall have to look well after him, or he will knock himself up, as
he did when he was painting his ‘Dawn of Love.’ He allows his pictures to
prey upon his mind, and an attack of insomnia is the usual consequence.”
Celia was about to reply, but the factory people were beginning to
disperse, and their conversation was interrupted.
A little boy ran up to say good-bye. “You promised me a penny if I took
all my medicine last week, Dr. Milnes,” he said, looking up into Geoffrey’s
eyes with an anxious expression on his little Jewish face. “I’ve tooked all
that nasty stuff, so I’ve come for my penny, please.”
Geoffrey felt in his pockets, but no money was forthcoming.
“I never pay my debts on Sunday, young man,” he said with mock
gravity. “I am sorry, but I have no change. Can’t you wait until to-morrow,
when, if you present your bill, it will be settled in due course?”
The child looked bewildered, and considered a moment. “If I wait till to-
morrow, you ought to give me something extra,” he remarked at length; and
then, as the doctor did not answer, “Make it tuppence,” he added
persuasively, “I’ve waited a week already!”
“One hundred per cent. interest? All right,” agreed Geoffrey; and the boy
went away perfectly happy.
“That boy will get on in the world,” observed Celia, smiling: “he has
what Americans call an ‘eye to the main chance.’ ”
“I think we most of us have,” said the young doctor, thoughtfully, “only
we don’t like to admit it, even to ourselves.”
“But some people possess it in a more marked degree than others,” she
pursued, bending down to kiss a little dark-eyed maiden of two years old.
“My people, for instance, are noted for their shrewdness. One seldom finds
a Jew who is not a good man of business, and therefore people—Christian
people—are inclined to think that every Jew must of necessity be a
Shylock. Do you know, I can never quite forgive Shakespeare for creating
such a character?”
“Why not? Shylock was a type of an avaricious money-lender, and there
are many such, even in the present day. And a typical character, in order to
make an impression, is bound to be overdrawn. I am sure that Shakespeare
was not out of sympathy with the Jews. Do you not remember the famous
speech—‘Hath not a Jew eyes,’ etc.? And then there was Shylock’s
daughter Jessica, a sweet and lovable Jewish girl.”
He paused, suddenly recollecting that he was treading on somewhat
dangerous ground, for Celia’s father, Bernie Franks, was a well-known
Capetown financier and former money-lender, and his reputation was not of
the best. Nevertheless, Bernie Frank’s daughter was, like Jessica, a sweet
and lovable girl. Geoffrey Milnes thought her the sweetest girl in the world,
but he had not the courage to tell her so. He had allowed himself to fall in
love with her, knowing that such a love was quite hopeless, and could only
cause them both unhappiness and pain. There was the barrier of race and
faith between them, and he knew that neither his people nor hers would
sanction their marriage, even if Celia really loved him—and he was not sure
that such was the case.
The church bells were ringing for Evensong, and Geoffrey was obliged
to take his leave.
Herbert Karne accompanied him part of his way, and Celia went into the
house singing blithely. She, at least, was perfectly heart-whole as yet.
CHAPTER III
THE BARRIER OF RACE AND FAITH
The studio at the Towers was built on elevated ground at the north side of
the house; and was approached by a short flight of steps leading from the
hall. From where the artist sat at his easel, he could obtain a bird’s-eye view
of Durlston, which consisted of chimney-pots and church spires, relieved by
a small park in the centre of the town, with grassy fields surrounding it;
and, beyond that, the smoky haze of a manufacturing city.
There was not much in the prospect from which to derive inspiration, but
it was all-sufficient for Herbert Karne. He liked to look up from his picture
and note the varying aspect of his garden at the different seasons of the
year. There was always something new to see and admire, for Nature is
ever-changing, and Herbert knew of every bud that blossomed, and every
flower that bloomed.
It was autumn now, the season of decay. The richly tinted leaves were
falling fast, and made quite a thick carpet on the gravelled paths. The trees,
which but a few months ago had been so fresh and green, were adopting
sombre hues of golden-brown. Some of them were already bare, and waved
their gaunt arms in the breeze as though in warning. “Life and youth are
short,” they seemed to say, “and all must die.”
The artist’s brain was busy as he worked. He cast his mind back to the
time of his mother’s death, some twelve years ago. Her second marriage
had not been a success, for Bernie Franks had never properly understood
her refined and gentle nature; so that when, attacked by the money-making
fever, he went off to Johannesburg to make his fortune, his wife, on the plea
of delicate health, remained at home with her two children.
She never saw him again, for he enjoyed life out in South Africa so
much, that he would not trouble to come home, even when he knew that she
was ill. When she died, he wrote for little Celia to come out to him, but
changed his mind before the next mail, and wrote again, saying that her
coming would greatly inconvenience him, and asking Herbert to find a
boarding-school for her.
Karne was studying art in Paris at the time, but he returned to England
before the funeral, and, in accordance with his mother’s last wish, took
charge of his little half-sister. He and Celia were devoted to each other, and
the child begged so hard not to be sent away from him to boarding-school,
that he engaged a housekeeper whom his mother had known, and sent the
little girl to a high school. Her education became his greatest care; and
when she showed marked ability for music, he had her taught by one of the
cleverest professors in the county, in order to have her talent developed in
the best way possible.
And now she had come to womanhood, and was anxious to spread her
wings and see a little more of the world. Her teacher, Professor Bemberger,
had imbued her with the idea that, with a voice like hers, it would be a
thousand pities if she did not become a professional singer. He made her
dissatisfied with her quiet life at Durlston; it was tame and dull, he said. In
London, she would live, not vegetate; and in glowing terms he described
what her life as a successful singer would be.
Her half-brother received the idea with disfavour. Celia had no need to
earn money by her voice, he said, for she was the daughter of a wealthy
man; and in professional life there was disappointment to be met with, as
well as success. He painted the reverse side of the picture, the hard work
and many worrying details which must of necessity arise; but Celia would
not be discouraged, and, as she had so set her heart on it, he reluctantly
gave his consent. Now, however, that her going was decided, and
everything definitely arranged, he wondered if he had done right after all.
Celia, besides being an accomplished musician, was a beautiful and
winsome girl, and although not altogether lacking in savoir faire, possessed
very little knowledge of the world. Might not her beauty prove a danger to
her in her new life? Hitherto she had been carefully guarded, for her brother
had himself chosen her friends, and her tastes and ideas had been led in the
right direction. Was he wise in sending her away from his influence, where
she would come into contact with all sorts and conditions of people, and
must inevitably pick up fresh ideas of evil as well as good?
He was so engrossed with these thoughts that he did not notice the click
of the latch as a lady opened the French window from without, and only
when he heard the rustle of silken skirts was he made aware of her
presence. She was a very daintily clad little woman, with a bright face and
vivacious manner. Her blue eyes sparkled with kindliness, and her small
mouth betokened a keen sense of humour.
Lady Marjorie Stonor may have possessed a great many faults, but her
worst enemy could not have accused her of being dull. She was in the habit
of dropping in at the Towers when she knew that she would find the artist at
work, and although she disturbed him seriously with her light chatter,
Herbert could not but be glad to see her, for she had helped him a good deal
with his work amongst the factory people, and was one of Celia’s greatest
friends.
He rose to greet her, and she established herself comfortably in a low
wicker chair. She had come, she said, firstly to bring him an order from the
county hospital for one of the factory men, and secondly to discuss Celia’s
future. She was anxious to know if Mr. Karne were aware that all the
Durlston people were anticipating Celia’s engagement to Dr. Geoffrey
Milnes!
Mr. Karne was not aware of it; he was most astonished; he had never
dreamt of such a thing. He turned round and confronted his interlocutor
with a look of consternation. How on earth could such a rumour have got
about?
Lady Marjorie gave vent to a rippling laugh of amusement.
“Oh, you men!” she exclaimed. “You are as blind as bats, and have no
more perception than a rhinoceros! You have allowed Celia to see Geoffrey
Milnes constantly, to ride with him, drive with him, and sing with him. He
is a nice young fellow, and she is a beautiful girl, and yet you are surprised
that they should fall in love with each other. Do you mean to say, seriously,
that you have never thought of such a contingency, Mr. Karne?”
“Indeed, I have not,” he answered with contracted brows. “I am very
grieved indeed, if such is the case, for nothing but trouble can come of it;
but I think and hope that you are mistaken, Lady Marjorie. If I had had the
faintest idea of such a thing, I should have put a stop to their intimacy long
ago.”
“But why?” she asked eagerly. “He is only a country doctor, it is true,
and has no brilliant prospects, but if they really love each other——”

Keeping The Republic Power and Citizenship in American Politics 8Th Edition Barbour Test Bank Full Chapter PDF

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Keeping the Republic Power and

Citizenship in American Politics 8th

1. It is hard to get rid of the filibuster because ______.

2. The two major roles of members of Congress are ______.

3. The founders created the congressional decision-making process to be ______.

7. ______ refers to a congressional committee’s monitoring of the executive branch and of

d. Committee interference with executive prerogative

9. During the constitutional process of removing a president from office, ______.

executive and judicial branches.

13. The job of confirming presidential appointments belongs to the ______.

census, is known as ______.

e. must adhere to the “one person, one vote” standard

18. Many of the efforts by states to create majority-minority districts ______.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

22. According to the textbook, ______ gerrymandering is highly controversial.

27. Strategic politicians are ______.

before they decide to run for Congress

Difficulty Level: Hard

33. Leaders in Congress obtain their power from ______.

Difficulty Level: Medium

39. The greatest importance of standing committees is that they ______.

d. the House Appropriations Committee

42. The Vietnam War and Watergate affected Congress by ______.

Difficulty Level: Easy

46. Policy entrepreneurship is defined as the ______.

e. more important than the cues of other members

48. Most bills introduced in Congress ______.

49. It is so difficult for Congress to pass laws because ______.

51. In recent years, the filibuster has ______.

a. been used much less frequently than in the past

e. give more support to incumbents

56. Citizens view Congress with ______.

Difficulty Level: Medium

59. The founders created the congressional decision-making process to be ______.

62. The job of confirming presidential appointments belongs to the ______.

2. Redrawing congressional district boundaries to favor a particular group or party is known as

4. According to the textbook, racial gerrymandering is highly controversial.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Fill in the Blank

2. ______ are important in Congress because they organize the chambers.

2. Define racial gerrymandering, and explain its current legal status.

Title: Neither Jew nor Greek

Author: Violet Guttenberg

Release date: November 1, 2023 [eBook #72000]

Original publication: London: Chatto & Windus, 1902

Credits: Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NEITHER

NEITHER JEW NOR GREEK

NEITHER JEW NOR

AS A SLIGHT TRIBUTE TO HER

THIS BOOK IS AFFECTIONATELY INSCRIBED

THREE YEARS AFTER

NEITHER JEW NOR GREEK

INTRODUCES A SWEET AND LOVABLE JEWISH GIRL

THE BARRIER OF RACE AND FAITH

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