14.gasoline Engine

DAIHATSU Technician >> Gasoline Engine
Automobile fundamental (Gasoline engine)
In a gasoline engine, the air-fuel mixture is exploded in the engine, and

this force is converted into a rotational movement to move the vehicle.
To operate the engine, various systems are provided in addition to the
engine proper.
1. Engine proper
2. Intake system
3. Fuel system
4. Lubrication system
5. Cooling system
6. Exhaust system
1
Engine proper
2
Intake system
3
Fuel system
4
Lubrication system
5
Cooling system
6
Exhaust system
7
Operation
To generate power to move the vehicle, gasoline engines repeat the

following four strokes:
•Intake stroke
•Compression stroke
•Combustion stroke
•Exhaust stroke
They draw in an air-fuel mixture to the cylinders, compress it, ignite and
combust it, then discharge it. Repeating these four actions gives gasoline
engines their power. This type of engine is called a 4-cycle engine.
1. Intake valve
2. Spark plug
3. Exhaust valve
4. Combustion chamber
5. Piston
8
Intake stroke
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Intake stroke
The exhaust valve closes and the intake valve opens. The downward
stroke of the piston causes the air-fuel mixture to be drawn into the
cylinder from the open intake valve.
9
Compression stroke
Compression stroke
The piston completes its downward stroke and the intake valve closes.
The air-fuel mixture that is drawn into the cylinder becomes highly
compressed with the upward stroke of the piston.
10
Combustion stroke
Combustion stroke
When the piston is about to complete its upward stroke, current flows to
the spark plug, thus creating a spark. This is then followed by the
combustion of the compressed air-fuel mixture and an explosion. This
explosion pushes the piston downward, causing the crankshaft to rotate.
11
Exhaust stroke
Exhaust stroke
The exhaust valve opens as the piston is about to complete its downward
stroke. Then, the exhaust gases that result from the combustion are
discharged outside of the cylinder.
12
Valve mechanism
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Valve mechanism
The intake and exhaust valves open and close in accordance with the
rotation of the camshafts.
The camshaft revolves once (to open and close the valves once) with 2
revolutions of the crankshaft (2 reciprocal movements of the pistons).
13
Intake stroke
14
Compression stroke
15
Combustion stroke
16
Exhaust stroke
17
Composition
The engine is the most important of the parts that make a vehicle run. For
this purpose, each and every component is made from precision parts.
1. Cylinder head
2. Cylinder block
3. Piston
4. Crankshaft
5. Flywheel
6. Valve mechanism
7. Drive belt
8. Oil pan
18
Cylinder head
1. Cylinder head
19
Cylinder block
2. Cylinder block
20
Piston
3. Piston
21
Crankshaft
4. Crankshaft
22
Flywheel
5. Flywheel
23
Valve mechanism
6. Valve mechanism
24
Drive belt
7. Drive belt
25
Oil pan
8. Oil pan
26
Cylinder Head and Cylinder Block
Cylinder head
Parts that form a combustion chamber with the piston in the depression in
the bottom of the cylinder head.
Cylinder block
Parts that form the skeletal structure of the engine. To operate the engine
smoothly, several cylinders are used.
1. Cylinder head
2. Gasket
3. Cylinder block
REFERENCE:
•Cylinder arrangement
•Number of cylinders
27
Cylinder arrangement
Cylinder arrangement
The following cylinder arrangements are generally used:
1 In-line type
This is the most common type, in which the cylinders are arranged in a
single line.
2 V-type
The cylinders are arranged in a V-shape. The engine is shorter than an in-
line type with the same number of cylinders.
3 Horizontally opposed type
The cylinders are arranged in horizontally opposing directions, with the
crankshaft in the middle. Although the engine becomes wider, its overall
height is decreased.
28
Number of cylinders
In-line 4 cylinders 1 - 2 - 4 - 3
In-line 6 cylinders 1 - 5 - 3 - 6 - 2 - 4
V- type 6 cylinders 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6
V- type 8 cylinders 1 - 8 - 4 - 3 - 6 - 5 - 7 - 2
Number of cylinders
In order to minimize the vibrations from the vertical movement of the
pistons, and give a smooth ride, an engine has multiple cylinders.
Generally, the larger numbers of cylinders, the smoother the engine
rotates, and the less it vibrates.
In-line engines usually come with 4 or 6 cylinders, and V type engines with
6 or 8 cylinders.
A 4-cycle gasoline engine:

In a 4-cylinder engine, 4 explosions occur with every 2 revolutions of the
crankshaft.
In an 8-cylinder engine, 8 explosions occur.
To enable the engine to run smoothly, the basic firing order of the
cylinders is determined, depending on the number of cylinders.
29
Piston, Crankshaft and Flywheel
Piston
The piston moves vertically in the cylinder, as a result of the pressure
generated by the combustion of the air-fuel mixture.
Crankshaft
The crankshaft changes the linear movement of the piston into a rotational
movement via a connecting rod.
Flywheel
The flywheel is made of a heavy steel disc, and converts the rotational
movement of the crankshaft into inertia. Thus, it can output a stable
rotational force.
1. Piston
2. Piston pin
3. Connecting rod
4. Crankshaft
5. Flywheel
30
Drive Belt
The drive belt transmits the rotational power of the crankshaft to the
alternator, power steering pump, and A/C compressor via pulleys.
Normally, an automobile has two or three belts.
A drive belt must be inspected for proper tension and wear, and replaced
at the prescribed intervals.
1. Crankshaft pulley
2. Power steering pump pulley
3. Alternator pulley
4. Water pump pulley
5. A/C compressor pulley

REFERENCE:
•Serpentine belt drive system
31
Serpentine belt drive system
Serpentine belt drive system

The serpentine drive system uses a single V-ribbed belt to operate the
alternator, water pump, power steering pump or A/C compressor.
Compared to an ordinary drive belt, it offers the following features:
•Shortens the overall length of the engine.
•Reduces the number of parts.
•Reduces the weight.
1. V-ribbed belt
2. Crankshaft pulley
3. Idler pulley (Auto tensioner)
4. Power steering pump pulley
5. Alternator pulley
6. Water pump pulley
7. A/C compressor pulley
32
Oil Pan
This is an oil container, made of steel or aluminum. An oil pan contains a

deep depression and partitions so that even when the vehicle is on an
incline, a sufficient volume of oil will be available at the bottom of the oil
pan.
1. Oil pan No.1

2. Oil pan No.2
A. Oil pan without partition

B. Oil pan with partitions
33
Valve Mechanism
A valve mechanism is a group of components that opens and closes the

intake and exhaust valves in the cylinder head at the appropriate timing.
1. Crankshaft
2. Timing sprocket
3. Timing chain
4. Intake camshaft
5. Intake valve
6. Exhaust camshaft
7. Exhaust valve
REFERENCE:
•Valve mechanism types
* The diagram shows a DVVT system valve mechanism
34
Valve mechanism types
Return to previous page
Valve mechanism types

There are various types of valve mechanism, depending on the position
and the number of the camshafts.
A. DOHC (Double Overhead Camshaft)
This type contains two camshafts, and each camshaft moves the valves
directly, ensuring a precise movement of the valves.
B. Compact DOHC
This type contains two camshafts, one of which is actuated by a set of
gears. The cylinder head construction is made more simple and compact
than the ordinary DOHC.
1. Timing Belt
2. Scissors gear
3. Camshaft
35
Valve Mechanism
Timing chain
This chain transmits the rotational movement of the crankshaft to the
camshafts.
1. Timing chain
2. Camshaft sprockets
3. Crankshaft sprocket
REFERENCE:
•Timing belt
36
37
Timing belt
Timing belt
Just like a gear, this belt contains teeth to mesh with the teeth of the
timing pulleys.
For automotive use, this belt is made of a rubber-based material.
A timing belt must be inspected for proper tension and wear, and replaced
at prescribed intervals.
1. Timing belt
2. Camshaft timing pulley
3. Crankshaft timing pulley
38
DVVT system (Dynamic Variable Valve Timing)
DVVT controller Camshaft position sensor
Water temp. sensor Camshaft timing oil control valve
Crankshaft position sensor
DVVT system (Dynamic Variable Valve Timing)

The DVVT system use a computer to optimally control the opening and
closing timing of the intake valve in accordance with engine conditions.
This system uses hydraulic pressure to vary the opening and closing
timing of the intake valve, resulting in improved intake efficiency, torque,
power output, fuel economy, and cleaner exhaust gases.
In addition to the DVVT system, there is also a DVVT system (Dynamic
Variable Valve Timing) which increases the volume of valve lift (stroke)
and improves the intake efficiency during high-speed rotation
39
Intake System
The intake system provides the necessary volume of clean air to the
engine.
1. Air cleaner
2. Throttle body
3. Intake manifold
REFERENCE:
•Turbo charger
40
Turbo charger
Turbo charger Super charger
Turbine wheel Compressor wheel
Turbo charger
A turbo charger is the device to compress the intake air by the energy of
exhaust gas and transmits the high-density mixture into the combustion
chamber to increase the generating power.
When the turbine wheel turns with the energy of the exhaust gas, the
compressor wheel the connected with the shaft on the opposite side,
transmits the compressed intake air to the engine.
There is also device called a "super charger", which drives the compressor
through the crankshaft to the drive belt directly, and increases the volume
of the intake air.
41
Air Cleaner
The air cleaner contains air cleaner element to remove dust and other
particles from the air while introducing external air into the engine.
An air cleaner element must be cleaned or replaced at regular intervals.

1. Air cleaner element
2. Air cleaner case
REFERENCE:
•Types of air cleaner element
•Types of air cleaner
42
Types of air cleaner element
Types of air cleaner element
1. Paper type
A type that is most widely used on automobiles.
2. Fabric type
A type that contains a washable element made of fabric.
3. Oil bath type

A wet type that contains an oil bath.
43
Types of air cleaners
Types of air cleaners
1. Pre-air cleaner
Uses the centrifugal force of the air that is generated by the rotational
movement of the fins to separate the dust from the air.
The dust is then sent to the dust trap, and the air is sent to another air
cleaner.
44
Throttle Body
The throttle valve uses a cable to operate in unison with the accelerator
pedal located in the vehicle interior, in order to regulate the volume of air-
fuel mixture that is draw into the cylinder.
When the accelerator pedal is depressed, the throttle valve opens to draw
in a large volume of air and fuel, resulting in increased engine output.
An ISCV (Idle Speed Control Valve) is also provided, in order to regulate
the volume of air during idling or when the engine is cold.
1. Accelerator pedal
2. Throttle cable
3. Throttle valve
4. ISCV
45
ISCV (Idle Speed Control Valve)
The ISCV regulates the volume of air that flows through the bypass that is
provided in the throttle valve, to constantly control the idling speed at an
optimum level.
1. ISCV
2. Throttle body
3. Throttle valve
4. Bypass
REFERENCE:
•Types of ISCVs
46
Types of ISCVs
Valve Rotor Coil Magnet Bimetal
Types of ISCVs
Step motor type

This valve regulates, the volume of air that flows through the bypass.
This is accomplished by a valve located at the end of the rotor, which is
moved back and forth by the movement of the rotor.
Rotary solenoid valve type
This valve regulates the intake air volume by varying the opening of the
valve. This is accomplished by regulating the duration of the voltage that is
applied to the 2 solenoids (coils).
47
Intake Manifold
An intake manifold consists of several pipes that supply air to each

cylinders.
1. Intake manifold
48
Fuel System
The fuel system supplies fuel to the engine. It also has the functions to
remove trash or dust and to regulate the volume of fuel supply.
1. Fuel tank
2. Fuel pump
3. Fuel filter
4. Pressure regulator
5. Injector
6. Fuel tank cap
49
Fuel Pump
Pumps fuel from the fuel tank to the engine, thus enabling the fuel pipe to
maintain a fixed pressure.
There is an in-tank type that is located inside the tank, and an inline type
that is located in the middle of the fuel pipe.
There are different ways in which a pump is driven; the EFI (Electronic
Fuel Injection) system uses an electrically driven pump with a motor.
•Electric type:
In-tank type (turbine type)
Inline type (rotor type)
1. Motor
2. Turbine type pump impeller
50
Fuel Injector
In response to signals from the ECU (Electronic Control Unit), the coil pulls
on the plunger and opens the valve to inject the fuel.
1. Injector
2. Grommet
3. Nozzle
4. O-ring
5. Valve
6. Coil
7. Plunger
51
52
Fuel Injector
Fuel that is injected from the fuel injector mixes with air, and the mixture is
sent to the cylinder.
To achieve an optimal air-fuel mixture ratio, the ECU (Electronic Control
Unit) regulates the injection timing and injection volume.
The injection volume is regulated by the duration of injection.
1. Injector
2. Intake port
REFERENCE:
•EF-VD
53
54
EF-VD (Direct Injection 4-Stroke Gasoline Engine)
Direct Injection 4-Stroke Gasoline Engine

In a EF-VD, fuel is not injected into the manifold as in the port injection
type, it is injected directly into the combustion chamber. Therefore, this
system can regulate the timing and volume of fuel injection precisely. The
piston head has been designed in a special shape to facilitate the mixing
of air and fuel in the combustion chamber.
A. EF-VD type
B. Port injection type
1. Injector
2. Piston
3. Fuel
4. Intake port
55
Fuel Filter
Removes contamination from the fuel.

To prevent them from being pumped into the injectors, a filter paper is
used to remove contamination.
The fuel filter assembly must be replaced at regular intervals.
1. Fuel filter (case integrated type)
2. Fuel pump assembly
56
Pressure Regulator
Regulates the fuel to a set pressure, so there is always a stable fuel

supply.
1. Pressure regulator
2. Fuel pump assembly
57
Lubrication System
The lubrication system uses an oil pump to continuously supply engine oil
throughout the inside of the engine. This system reduces friction between
parts with a film of oil. If the engine is run without oil, the function can be
cause it to run poorly, or cause even meltdown. In addition to lubrication,
engine oil cools and cleans the engine.
1. Oil pan
2. Oil strainer
3. Oil pump
4. Dip stick (Level gauge)
5. Oil pressure switch
6. Oil filter
58
Oil Pump
Trochoid pump
Contains a drive rotor and a driven rotor with different axes. The rotational
movement of these rotors causes the clearance between the rotors to
fluctuate, thus resulting in a pumping action.
The drive rotor is driven by the crankshaft.
A relief valve is provided in the pump to prevent the oil pressure from
exceeding a prescribed value.
1. Drive rotor
2. Driven rotor
3. Relief valve
REFERENCE:
•Gear pump
59
Trochoid pump
Gear pump:
When the drive gear coupled to the crankshaft rotates, the size of the gap
between the drive gears changes, and the oil located between the tooth
flank and the crescent is pumped.
1. Drive gear
2. Driven gear
3. Crescent
60
Oil Filter
The oil filter removes contamination from the engine oil, such as metallic
particles, and keeps the engine oil clean.
It contains a check valve to keep oil in the filter while the engine is stopped.
This is so the filter always contains oil when the engine is started.
It also contains a relief valve to allow oil to be transmitted to the engine
when the filter is choked up.
An oil filter is a periodic replacement part, and must be replaced as an
assembly at the prescribed mileage.
1. Check valve
2. Element
3. Case
4. Relief valve
61
Oil Pressure Warning Light (Oil Pressure Gauge)
This device warns the driver whether or not the oil pressure that is
generated by the oil pump and supplied to the various areas of the engine
is normal.
An oil pressure switch (sensor) in the oil passage monitors the state of the
oil pressure, and alerts the driver on the combination meter if the oil
pressure does not increase after the engine has been started.
1. Oil pressure switch

2. Combination meter
3. Oil pressure warning light:Indicates an abnormal condition (low oil
pressure) by illuminating a warning light.
62
Cooling System
The cooling system regulates the engine temperature to an optimal level

(80 to 90ºC at coolant temperature) by circulating the coolant throughout
the engine.
The cooling fan cools the coolant in the radiator and water pump circulates
the coolant through the cylinder head and the cylinder block.
1. Radiator
2. Reservoir tank
3. Radiator cap
4. Cooling fan
5. Water pump
6. Thermostat
63
Coolant flow
Coolant flow
The force of the water pump causes the coolant to circulate through the
coolant circuit. The coolant absorbs heat from the engine and dissipates it
into the atmosphere through the radiator. The coolant that has thus been
cooled then returns to the engine.
64
Radiator
The radiator cools the coolant that has reached a high temperature. The
coolant in the radiator becomes cooled when the tubes and fins of the
radiator are exposed to the airflow created by the cooling fan, and the
airflow created by the vehicle's motion.
HINT:
An optimal concentration level of LLC (Long Life Coolant) is established
for the particular ambient temperature in each region. In addition, LLC
must be replaced regularly.
65
Radiator cap
Pressure valve Vacuum valve
Radiator cap
A radiator cap contains a pressure valve that pressurizes the coolant.
The temperature of the coolant under pressure increases to above 100ºC,
which creates a greater difference between the coolant temperature and
the air temperature. As a result, the cooling efficiency is improved.
A pressure valve opens and sends coolant back to the reservoir tank when
the radiator pressure is increased.
A vacuum valve opens to discharge the coolant from the reservoir tank
when the radiator is decompressed.
A. Pressure goes up, during increasing pressure (high temperature)
B. Pressure lowers, during decompressing pressure (cooling)
66
Cooling fan
Cooling fan
This fan directs a large volume of air to the radiator in order to enhance
the cooling effect.
A. Electric cooling fan system

Senses the temperature of coolant, and operates the fan only when the
water temperature is high.
1. Ignition switch
2. Relay
3. Cooling fan
4. Water temperature switch
67
Cooling fan
Cooling fan
B. Cooling fan with the fluid coupling
Driven with a drive belt, and rotates the fan with a fluid clutch of silicon oil.
Lowers the speed of the rotation at low coolant temperature.
C. Electronically controlled hydraulic cooling fan system
Drives the fan with a hydraulic motor.
ECU (Electronic Control Unit) regulates the hydraulic that flows into the
hydraulic motor. Controls the speed of rotations of the fan to always keep
an appropriate exposed volume of air in to the radiator.
1. Cooling fan
2. Fluid coupling
3. Pulley
4. Water pump
5. Hydraulic motor
6. Water temperature sensor
7. Hydraulic pump
68
Reservoir Tank
The reservoir tank is connected to the radiator in order to store the

overflowed coolant from the radiator, and prevent it flowing outside.
As the temperature of the coolant in the radiator increases, it expands and
flows into the reservoir tank. As the radiator cools, it draws up the coolant
from the reservoir tank.
1. Reservoir tank
2. Reservoir tank hose
3. Radiator
69
Water Pump
This pump supplies the coolant into the coolant circuit.

A drive belt is used to transmit the rotational movement of the crankshaft
to drive the water pump.
1. Water pump
70
Thermostat
The thermostat is the part that warms the engine quickly and regulates the
temperature of the coolant. It's located in the passage between the
radiator and the engine. When the coolant temperature becomes high, the
valve to the radiator opens to cool the engine.
There are two types of thermostats:
'With bypass valve' type for bottom bypass types, and 'Without bypass
valve' type for inline bypass types.
A. With bypass valve
B. Without bypass valve
1. Valve
2. Cylinder
3. Bypass valve
4. Wax
5. Jiggle valve
71
Operation of bottom bypass type
Operation of bottom bypass type

A thermostat is situated in the inlet side of the water pump. The thermostat
contains a bypass valve; when the temperature of the coolant increases
and the thermostat opens, the bypass closes.
Compared to the inline bypass type, the bottom bypass type has the
following characteristics:
1. It has a large bypass that ensures a uniform temperature distribution in
the engine during warm-up.
2. It completely closes the bypass during engine warm-up or at high
temperatures, resulting in a better cooling efficiency.
3. The thermostat reacts sensitively to stabilize the coolant temperature.
72
73
Thermostat
Operation of inline by-pass type

The bypass remains open at all times, and the passage to the radiator is
closed by the thermostat during warm-up. Therefore, the coolant passes
through the bypass.
As the temperature of the coolant increases, the thermostat opens,
allowing the coolant to flow into the radiator. At this time, a small amount
of coolant also flows through the bypass.
1. Thermostat
2. Bypass
3. Radiator
4. Water pump
74
75
Exhaust System
The exhaust system releases exhaust gases produced by the engine into
the atmosphere.
It provides the following functions:

•Enhances engine efficiency by improving the discharge performance of
the exhaust gases from the engine.
•Cleans the exhaust gases by removing the harmful elements.
•Reduces the sounds of the explosion emitted by the exhaust gases.
1. Exhaust manifold
2. TWC (Three-Way Catalytic Converter)
3. Exhaust pipe
4. Muffler
76
Catalytic Converter
The catalytic converter is located in the middle of the exhaust system to

remove the harmful elements from the exhaust gases.
The harmful elements in the exhaust gases include CO (Carbon
Monoxide), HC (Hydrocarbons), and NOx (Nitric Oxides).
There are two types of catalytic converters :
1. OC (Oxidation Catalyst) which cleans CO and HC in the exhaust gases
by catalysis with platinum and palladium.
2. TWC (Three-Way Catalytic) which cleans CO, HC and NOx in the
exhaust gases by catalysis with platinum and rhodium.
A. Monolithic type catalytic converter

1. Outer shell
2. Wire net
3. Monolithic catalyst
77
Muffler
Return to question
Because the exhaust gases are discharged from the engine at a high
temperature and pressure, they make explosive sounds if they are
released directly.
Therefore, a muffler is provided to muffle the sound by reducing the
pressure and temperature of the exhaust gases.
78
Question-1
Mark each of the following statements True or False.

No. Question True or Refer to
False page
1 In the gasoline engine of a vehicle, the camshaft True False

revolves once for every two revolutions of the
crankshaft.
2 The fuel injection volume of an EFI engine varies in True False

accordance with the duration of the injection of the
injectors.
3 An oil filter contains a check valve. This prevents the True False
flow of the engine oil from stopping, as a result of a
clogged filter.
4 The water pump is driven by the rotational True False

movement of the crankshaft via the drive belt.
5 The throttle valve operates in unison with the True False

accelerator pedal to regulate the volume of fuel that
is drawn into the cylinders.
Click answer
79
Question-2
Which one of the following statements is true about the

exhaust system?
Refer
Question
to page
The catalytic converter returns the exhaust gases to the

1 intake manifold in order to re-burn the harmful gases that are
contained in the exhaust gases.
The exhaust manifold rapidly lowers the temperature of the exhaust

2
gases to enable the catalytic converter to function efficiently.
The muffler releases the gases that are discharged by the engine
3
directly into the atmosphere.
The three-way catalyst cleans the CO (Carbon Monoxide), HC

4
(Hydrocarbon), and NOx (Nitric Oxides) found in the exhaust gases.
Click answer
80
Question-3
Which one of the following statements is true about a

thermostat?
The thermostat that is used in a bottom bypass system is the type without a
1
bypass valve.
The functions of the thermostat are to warm up the engine after it has been
2
started and to regulate the temperature of the coolant.
The thermostat raises the boiling point of the coolant and pressurizes the
3
coolant.
The thermostat regulates the temperature of the coolant by varying its
4
concentration.
Click answer
Refer to page
81
Question-4
The diagrams below show the four strokes of a 4-cycle

gasoline engine.
Q4-1. From word group A, select the words that are
applicable to the numbers given in parentheses '( )'.
Q4-2. From word group B, select the phrases that
appropriately describe the respective strokes.
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Refer to page
The corresponding statements in the sentence group in next page.
82
4-1
(1) a b c d (2) a b c d (3) a b c d (4) a b c d
a Compression
b Exhaust
A
c Intake
d Combustion
4-2
(1) e f g h (2) e f g h (3) e f g h (4) e f g h
The exhaust valve closes and the intake valve opens. The downward stroke of
e the piston causes the air-fuel mixture to be drawn into the cylinder via the open
intake valve.
Both the intake and exhaust valves are closed. The compressed air-fuel mixture
f
B combusts and explodes. The force of this explosion pushes the piston downward.
Both the intake and exhaust valves are closed. The air-fuel mixture that is drawn
g
into the cylinder is compressed by the upward stroke of the piston.
The intake valve closes and the exhaust valve opens. The exhaust gases that
h
result from the combustion are discharged outside of the cylinder.
83
Congratulations! Your answer is correct.
Let’s try next question.
84
Sorry! You are wrong. Please practice more.
Let’s try again.
85
86
Let’s try again.
87
88
Let’s try again.
89
90
Let’s try again.
91
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92

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DAIHATSU Technician >> Gasoline Engine

Automobile fundamental (Gasoline engine)

In a gasoline engine, the air-fuel mixture is exploded in the engine, and

To generate power to move the vehicle, gasoline engines repeat the

Return to question when

Return to question when

A 4-cycle gasoline engine:

2. Power steering pump pulley

4. Water pump pulley

5. A/C compressor pulley

Serpentine belt drive system

This is an oil container, made of steel or aluminum. An oil pan contains a

1. Oil pan No.1

A. Oil pan without partition

A valve mechanism is a group of components that opens and closes the

Return to previous page

Valve mechanism types

DVVT controller Camshaft position sensor

Water temp. sensor Camshaft timing oil control valve

Crankshaft position sensor

DVVT system (Dynamic Variable Valve Timing)

Turbo charger Super charger

Turbine wheel Compressor wheel

An air cleaner element must be cleaned or replaced at regular intervals.

Types of air cleaner element

3. Oil bath type

Types of air cleaners

Return to previous page

Valve Rotor Coil Magnet Bimetal

Step motor type

An intake manifold consists of several pipes that supply air to each

Return to previous page

Direct Injection 4-Stroke Gasoline Engine

Removes contamination from the fuel.

1. Fuel filter (case integrated type)

2. Fuel pump assembly

Regulates the fuel to a set pressure, so there is always a stable fuel

4. Dip stick (Level gauge)

5. Oil pressure switch

Return to previous page

1. Oil pressure switch

The cooling system regulates the engine temperature to an optimal level

Pressure valve Vacuum valve

A. Pressure goes up, during increasing pressure (high temperature)

B. Pressure lowers, during decompressing pressure (cooling)

A. Electric cooling fan system

The reservoir tank is connected to the radiator in order to store the

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This pump supplies the coolant into the coolant circuit.

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Operation of bottom bypass type

Operation of inline by-pass type

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It provides the following functions:

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The catalytic converter is located in the middle of the exhaust system to

A. Monolithic type catalytic converter

Mark each of the following statements True or False.

1 In the gasoline engine of a vehicle, the camshaft True False

2 The fuel injection volume of an EFI engine varies in True False

4 The water pump is driven by the rotational True False

5 The throttle valve operates in unison with the True False