Chemistry Investigatory

Project

NAME : Monomoy Biswas

CLASS : XII-A

SCHOOL: Kendriya Vidyalaya

Barrackpore (Army)
ROLL NO:

Topic: Comparing Rate of evaporation

of certain materials and study
the effect of surface area of
evaporation ofDiethyl Ether

Session : 2023-2024
 Certificate
This is to certify that MONOMOY
BISWAS of class XII-A (academic
session 2023 to 2024) has successfully
completed the experiments on the
mentioned investigatory project under
the guidance of Mr. A M SIKDER
(PGT CHEMISTRY) in partial
fulfilment of Chemistry practical
examination conducted by AISSCE,
CBSE.
SUBJECT TEACHER’S
EXAMINER’S
SIGNATURE
SIGNATURE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I, MONOMOY BISWAS of class XII-A
(2023-2024) do hereby sincerely
acknowledge the invaluable contribution
of our Principal, Mr. Ashim Nath and
Chemistry Teacher Mr. A.M. Sikder for
their guidance, encouragement, immense
motivation which has sustained my efforts
at all stages of this project work and has
led to the successful completion of this
project. I do sincerely acknowledge the
blissful contribution of my parents and the
almighty for their coordination and also to
the lab authorities of this Vidyalaya.
 INDEX

 INTRODUCTION

 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

 EXPERIMENT 1

 EXPERIMENT 2
INTRODUCTION
 EVAPORATION is a type of vaporization of a
liquid that forms the surface of a liquid into a
gaseous phase that is not saturated with the
evaporating substance. The other type of
vaporization is boiling, which is characterised by
bubbles of saturated vapour forming in the liquid
phase. Steam produced in a boiler is another
example of vaporization occurring in a saturated
vapour phase. Evaporation that occurs directly
from the solid phase below the melting point, as
commonly observed with eyes at or below freezing
or moth crystals, is called Sublimation.

EVAPORATION
For molecules of a liquid to evaporate, they must
be located near the surface, they have to be
moving in the proper direction, and have
sufficient kinetic energy to overcome liquid
phase intermolecular forces. When only a small
proportion of the molecules meet these criteria,
the rate of evaporation is low. Since the kinetic
energy of a molecule is proportional to its
temperature, evaporation precedes more quickly
at higher temperatures. As the faster moving
molecules escape the remaining molecules have
lower average kinetic energy, and the
temperature of the liquid decreases. This
phenomenon is also called evaporative cooling.
 Fact
ors Influencing the Rate of Evaporation

1. Concentration of other substances in air- If

the air is already saturated with other
substances, it can have lower capacity for
substance evaporating.

2. Temperature of substance - If the substance

is hotter, rate of evaporation will be faster.

3. Rate of flow of air - If fresh air is moving

over the substance all the time, then the
 concentration of the substance in the air is
less likely to go up with time, thus
encouraging faster evaporation.

4. Inter-molecular forces - The stronger the

force keeping the molecules together in the
liquid or solid state the more energy that
must be input in order to evaporate them.

Objective

In this project I shall investigate various

factors that have already being discussed
such as nature of liquid, surface area of liquid,
temperature of liquid which have a correlation
with the rate of evaporation of the liquids.
EXPERIMENT NO.1

Aim:To compare the rate of evaporation of Water,

Acetone and Diethyl Ether

Materials Required:
China dish, pipette, beaker, weighing balance,
measuring flask, acetone, distilled water, diethyl
ether, watch glass.

Procedure:
1) Take three China dishes.
2) Pipette out 10 ml of each sample.
3) Dish A-Acetone, B-Water, C-Diethyl ether.
4) Record the weights before beginning the
experiment.
5) Leave the three dishes undisturbed for half
an hour and wait patiently.
6) Record the weight of the samples after the
given time.
7) Compare the prior and present weights.
Observation Table
 Water Acetone Diethyl
Ether

Weight of the dish 50gm 50gm 50gm

Weight of (dish +
substance) before 60gm 57.85gm 57gm
evaporation

Weight of (dish +
substance) after 59.8gm 55.55gm 54.33gm
evaporation

Weight of 0.2gm 2.30gm 2.67gm

substance
evaporated
Inference and Conclusion

Rate of evaporation of given three liquids is in

order:

Diethyl ether>Acetone>Water

Water has extensive hydrogen bonding

between oxygen atom of one molecule and
hydrogen atom of another. But this is absent in
Acetone.
EXPERIMENT NO.2

AIM:To study the effect of surface area on

rate of evaporation of Diethyl Ether.

Materials Required:
Three petro dishes of diameter of 2.5cm, 5cm,
10cm with covers, 10ml pipette and
stopwatch.

Procedure:
1. Clean and dry the battery dishes and
mark them as A, B and C.
2. Pipette out 10 ml of diethyl ether in
each of the petri dishes A, B and C and
cover them immediately.
3. Uncover all the threepetri dishes
simultaneously and start the stopwatch.
4. Note the time when diethyl ether
evaporates completely from each petri
dishes.
Petri Dish Diameter of Time taken for
Mark Petri Dish complete evaporation

A 2.5cm 11 min 45 sec

B 5.0cm 8 min 40 sec
C 10cm 6 min 30 sec

Result
It will be observed that maximum evaporation
occurs in Petri dish with largest diameter
followed by smaller and the smallest Petri
dish. It is therefore, concluded that rate of
evaporation increases with increase in surface
area.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

The information, images and ideas of these

investigatory project has been gathered from
the following:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science
Google Images
Magazines like ‘Science Reporter’