Verbal Reasoning Class Exercise-04

Implicit Assumptions

DIRECTIONS: In each of the questions below, a statement is followed by two assumptions numbered I
and II. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the
assumption(s) is/are implicit in the statement. Mark the answer as:

A if only assumption I is implicit;

B if only assumption II is implicit;

C if both assumption I and II are implicit;

D if neither assumption I nor II is implicit.

1. Statement: Increase the taxes to reduce the budget deficit.

Assumption: I. Deficit in a budget is not desirable.
II. If the taxes are not increased, the deficit cannot be met.

2. Statement: As internet usage has increased, public morality has plunged.

Assumption: I. Public morality is an indicator of social well-being.
II. Internet usage has a detrimental impact on public morality.

3. Statement: The present economic system requires thorough over-hauling.

Assumption: I. The present system is outdated.

II. Overhauling will improve the performance of the system.

4. Statement: Read the instructions carefully before opening the test booklet.

Assumption: I. The examinees are literate.

II. None of the examinees is sightless.

5. Statement: You should use only natural ink for calligraphy.

Assumption: I. Artificial ink can be prepared.

II. Natural ink has very vivid and long-lasting colours.

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6. Statement: “Always buy National Biscuits –The largest selling biscuits with the maximum range of
variety” – a newspaper advertisement.

Assumption: I. No other brand of biscuits has a range as large as National.

II. People want to purchase biscuits.

7. Statement: Eating seasonal vegetables may be necessary for healthy living, but most people in the
country cannot even afford the subsidised food grains.

Assumption: I. Seasonal vegetables are not inexpensive.

II. Seasonal vegetables are not subsidised.

8. Statement: "I have not received telephone bills for nine months despite several complaints"-A
telephone customer's letter to the editor of a daily.

Assumption: I. Customers have a right to get bills regularly from the telephone company.

II. The customer's complaints point to a defect in the services which is expected to be
corrected.

9. Statement: Most people who stop smoking gain weight.

Assumption: I. If one stops smoking, one will gain weight.

II. If one does not stop smoking, one will not gain weight.

10. Statement: What a fool I was to rely on a fraud like him!

Assumption: I. I am a fool.

II. I am not a fool.

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 Implicit Conclusions

Directions: In each of the questions below, a statement is followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.
You have to consider the statement and the following conclusions and decide which of the conclusion(s)
is/are implicit in the statement. Mark the answer as:

A if only conclusion I is implicit;

B if only conclusion II is implicit;
C if both conclusion I and II are implicit;
D if neither conclusion I nor II is implicit.

1. Statement: This is the only book about the incidence of poverty in India between 1950 and 1980.

Conclusions : I. There was no poverty in India before 1950.

II. No other book deals with poverty in India during 1950-1980.

2. Statement: A recent report states that those who undertake physical exercise for even half an hour a
day are less prone to serious ailments.
Conclusions : I. Small levels of physical exercise may ensure a healthy life.
II. All those who are employed in desk-bound jobs suffer from serious ailments.

3. Statement: 3 out of 8 school children do not even know what the national anthem is.
Conclusions : I. School children are expected to know the national anthem.
II. School teachers are not performing their duties well.

4. Statement: The distance of 900 km by road between Bombay and Jaffna will be reduced to 300 km by
sea. This will lead to a saving of Rs. 5 crores per annum on fuel.

Conclusions: I. Transportation by sea is cheaper than that by road.

II. Fuel can be saved by changing the means of transport.

5. Statement: The Prime Minister emphatically stated that his government will make every
possible effort for the upliftment of poor farmers.

Conclusions: I. Except poor farmers, all the others have got the benefits of development.

II. No serious efforts have been made in the past for the upliftment of poor farmers.

6. Statement: The Government of country X has recently announced several concessions and offered
attractive package tours for foreign tourists.

Conclusions: I. Now a larger number of foreign tourists will visit the country.

II. The Government of country X is not serious about attracting tourists.

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7. Statement: If you study 12 hours each day, you will definitely clear the exam.

Conclusions: I. If you do not study 12 hours each day, you will not clear the exam.

II. Only those who study 12 hours each day can clear the exam.

8. Statement: Production has fallen this year and hence, profits will be lower than last year.

Conclusions: I. If profits are lower, the prices must be lower too.

II. Last year, profits were sufficiently healthy.

9. Statement: The average number of individuals per household is 5 in urban areas and 7 in rural areas.

Conclusions: I. Each rural household has more individuals than an urban household.
II. The rural population of the nation is greater than the urban population.

10. Statement: All organized persons find time for rest. Sita, in spite of her very busy schedule, finds
time for rest.

Conclusions : I. Sita is an organized person.

II. Sita is a hardworking person.

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 VERBAL REASONING RECAP

1. Consider the following statement and the two statements that follow from it:

Only those who are permanent employees are allowed to park here.
1. Ram is a permanent employee, so he is allowed to park here.
2. Ram was not allowed to park here, so he is not a permanent employee.
Which of these statements is logically consistent with the main statement?
A. Only 1 B. Only 2 C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2

DIRECTIONS for Q.2-3: Consider the given information and answer the question that follows.

2. The number of deaths among the army personnel is 8 in 1000, but among the civilian population it
is 20 per 1000. Which one of the following inferences can be drawn?
A. It is better to join the army.
B. The relationship is fortuitous.
C. Quality of Life Index is very high within the armed forces.
D. The groups cannot be compared due to their heterogeneity.

3. Price is not the same thing as value. Suppose that on a day the price of everything viz., coal, bread,
postage stamps, a day's labour, the rent of houses, etc. were to double. Prices then would certainly
rise, but values of all things except one would not.

The author wants to say that if prices of all things were doubled
A. the value of all things would remain constant.
B. the value of the things sold would be doubled.
C. the value of the things bought would be halved.
D. the value of money would be halved.

4. Consider the following statement and the conclusions that follow:

Statement: There were 50 faculty members comprising 30 males and the rest females. No male
faculty member knew music, but many of the female members did. Six faculty members were invited
to a party. At the party, it was discovered that no member knew music.
Conclusion: I. The party comprised male faculty members only.
II. The party comprised both male and female faculty members.
Which of the following is correct?
A. Only conclusion I is valid.
B. Only conclusion II is valid.
C. Both the conclusions are valid.
D. Neither of the conclusions is valid.

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5. Consider the following statement and the statements that follow from it:
Either India should subsidise agriculture or it should not tax it.
1. India subsidised and taxed agriculture.
2. India subsidised agriculture and did not tax it.
3. India neither subsidised nor taxed agriculture.
4. India taxed agriculture and did not subsidise it.

Which of these statements follow from the main statement?

A. Only 2 and 4.
B. Only 1 and 2.
C. Only 1 and 3.
D. Only 3 and 4.

DIRECTIONS for Q. 6: The following item consists of four statements, of which, two cannot both be
true, but both can be false. Identify the two statements that satisfy this condition and select the correct
answer using the codes given below:

6. Examine the following statements:

1. All glasses are fragile.
2. Some glasses are not fragile.
3. No glasses are fragile.
4. Some glasses are fragile.

Codes:
A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 3 and 4

7. Consider the following statements:

1. Only tables are chairs and all desks are tables. Therefore, desks are chairs.
2. Only tables are chairs and all desks are chairs. Therefore, desks are tables.
Which of these statements is/are logically consistent?
A. Only 1 B. Only 2 C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2

8. Consider the following statement and the assumptions that follow:

Statement: Economic growth is necessary for eradicating poverty but it is not sufficient. Thus, India
cannot afford to focus only on increasing its economic growth.
Assumption: I. Poverty cannot be curbed only through economic growth.
II. Poverty can be curbed even without economic growth.
Which of the following is correct?
A. Only assumption I is valid. B. Only assumption II is valid.
C. Both the assumptions are valid. D. Neither of the assumptions is valid.

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9. Consider the following statements:
1. None but the rich can afford air-travel.
2. Some of those who travel by air become sick.
3. Some of those who become sick require treatment.

Which one of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above statements?
A. All the rich persons travel by air.
B. Those who travel by air become sick.
C. All the rich persons become sick.
D. All those who travel by air are rich.

10. Examine the following statements:

1. Lady's finger is tastier than cabbage.
2. Cauliflower is tastier than lady's finger.
3. Cabbage is not tastier than peas.
The conclusion that can be drawn from these statements is that
A. Peas are as tasty as lady's finger.
B. Peas are as tasty as cauliflower and lady's finger.
C. Cabbage is the least tasty of the four vegetables.
D. Cauliflower is tastier than cabbage.

Q. Ans. Explanation

1 D

2 D

3 D

4 D

5 C

6 B

7
B

8 A

9 D

10 D

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