International Journal of Advance and Applied Research

www.ijaar.co.in
ISSN – 2347-7075 Impact Factor – 7.328
Peer Reviewed Bi-Monthly
Vol.4 No.24 July-Aug 2023

Characterization of Biologically Synthesised Copper Oxide

Nanoparticle Thick Film
Seema V. Gharate1, Chandrakant L. Sasle2
1Department of Microbiology, S.V.K.T.College,Nashik (M.S.)
2Department of Physics. K.A.A.N.M.S.College,Satana (M.S.)

Corresponding Author- Seema V. Gharate

DOI- 10.5281/zenodo.8242553
The Present paper deals with the characterization of biologically
synthesisednanoparticlesfor fabrication of Thick films.Nanoparticles over bulk equivalents have
found wide application in number of fields including, optics, electronics, sensor technology etc. Of
the various methods, chemical ones are expensive and use toxic chemicals for synthesis of
nanoparticles that result in environmental pollution. .“Green Synthesis “ of nanoparticle
production has found a sound solution for this .Microbes like bacteria , fungi, diatoms
,actinomycetes and cells of higher plants serve as Living Machines to generate nanoparticles.
Through their metabolic pathways, they reduce salts in to nanoparticles .Present work deals with
synthesis of nanoparticles using simple cost effective eco-friendly microbial enzymes. The
nanoparticles synthesised were characterised by XRD, S EM, EDS, Spectrophotometric analysis
etc. Attempts were made to fabricate thick films.
Keywords; Thick films, Nanoparticles, Biogenic, Enzym
Introduction: conduction band electrons are induced by
Today Nano science is most interaction with an electromagnetic field. This
fascinating field of technology. Metal resonance is referred as surface
nanoparticles are different from those of bulk Plasmonwithin resonance. The surface
materials made from same atom. Because of Plasmon resonance charge, its own dielectric
their size nanoparticles exhibit larger surface constant and environment includes substrate,
area than micro sized material and hence fore sorbates and solvents. High sensitivity of
possess improved physical and chemical surface Plasmon resonance of noble metal
properties bearing unique optical, electronic, nanoparticles in response to adsorbate
mechanical and magnetic characteristics, induced changes in dielectric constant of
different from bulk materials and find environment is used in chemo sensing and bio
applications in catalysis, photonics and sensing. Advent of nanotechnology has
electronics e.g. silver nanoparticles possess introduced diverse methods for generation of
diverse properties and uses like magnetic and Nanoparticles, physiochemical methods for
optical polarizability, electrical conductivity synthesis of nanoparticles are proved to be
catalysis, surface enhanced Raman scattering. undesirable due to expensiveness, toxicity and
Recently higher integrated density of hazardous properties which cause threatening
electronic components (small size and environmental risks. Whereasbiologically
precision of electronic components) greatly synthesized nanoparticles are inexpensive
demands thin conductive films and reduction and find applicability in enviro-friendly
in printed circuits. Films made from sustainable biomimetic approaches.
nanoparticles reduce dimensions of PCBs. Battery of all these femes of
Secondly large surface area makes material nanoparticles attracted the researcher for
more chemically reactive affecting their production of nanoparticle coated films to
strength and electrical properties. Quantum make the process more enviro-friendly.
effects begin to dominate behaviour of matter Present investigation was undertaken to
at Nano scale at lower end and affect optical, synthesise biogenic nanoparticles using
electrical, magnetic behaviour of materials. microbial enzymes .Synthesised nanoparticles
When a nanoparticle is much smaller than the were characterised by techniques like UV-
wavelength of light, coherent oscillation of the Visible spectroscopy, XRD, EDS, SEM etc.
108
 IJAAR Vol.4 No.24
Attempts were made to prepare thick films for
gas sensing application.
Materials and Methods:
1. All the chemicals required for biosynthesis
were purchased from S.D. Fine chemicals
and Qualigen Fine chemicals. The glass
wares all used wereeither chemically clean
and/or sterilized in hot air oven wherever
necessary.
2. Cultivation of bacterial culture: Bacterial
culture Bacillus spp. was inoculated in
small250 ml conical flask containing
sterile Nutrient Broth and incubated on
rotary shaker at 120 rpm for 24 hours
.After24 hours culture was centrifuged at
5000rpm for 10 min to separate bacteria.
3. Biofabrication of copper oxide
nanoparticle: the supernatant obtained
was added in equal volume with 1mM
copper acetate Solution. The pH of
mixture was maintained to neutrality
.Detection of copper oxide nanoparticles
was carried out in reaction mixture by
observing color change , optical density at
various time intervals using UV –VIS
Spectrophotometer. The solution was
stored in dark for 24-48 hours at room
temperature so as to settle nanoparticles.
The reaction mixture was centrifuged at
10000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant
was discarded and suspension was
concentrated by repeated centrifugation.
It was freeze dried and used for further
analysis. Suitable controls
weremaintained throughout the
experiment.
4. Characterization method: UV-VIS
Spectrophotometer, XRD, SEM,
EDSanalysis.
5. Thick Films of biogenic copper oxide
nanoparticles were prepared by Screen
Printing technique.
Characterization of Nanoparticles
UV –VIS Spectrophotometer analysis:
Biosynthesis of CuO nanoparticle was
ISSN – 2347-7075
detected by UV- VIS Spectrum at different
time intervals using distilled water as a
blank.
XRD analysis: The CuO nanoparticles
obtained were purified by repeated washing
and centrifugation at 10000 rpm for 10 min
and subsequent freeze drying. These
nanoparticles were characterised by XRD.
Fig.1 Shows XED pattern of CuO
nanoparticles. The nature of these
nanoparticles can be deducted from XRD
pattern obtained. The peaks of X-ray
diffraction are broad at their bottom
indicating that they are of Nano size. Thus
the confirmation of Biosynthesis of
nanoparticle was proved by XRD analysis of
freeze dried CuO nanoparticles generated in
this work.
SEM analysis: SEM analysis was carried out
for morphological characterization of
nanoparticles synthesised. The freeze dried
powder was put in to the sample well and
dried in mercury lamp. To analyse an electron
beam was focussed into a fine probe that was
subsequently scanned over small sample area.
The interacting beam with sample generated
various signals.
EDS analysis: Energy Dispersive
Spectroscopic analysis indicates the presence
of Copper element. For EDS analysis sample
subjected to SEM analysis was used. The
SEM instrument was equipped with thermos
EDS attachment.
Results and Discussion
Culture supernatant of Bacillus
specieswas used for biogenesis of CuO
nanoparticles. Biosynthesis was indicated by
browning of reaction mixture that could be
visually inspected. Visual inspection of
nanoparticle synthesis was confirmed by UV-
VIS spectrum analysis.The XRD spectrum
pattern of freeze dried CuO particles was
found to show broadening of different peaks at
the base confirming the Nano size of particles.

6000

4000
Series1
2000 Series2

0
103
154
205
256
307
358
409
460
511
562
1
52

Fig.1 XRD pattern of CuO Nanoparticles synthesised by Bacillus spp.

Seema V. Gharate, Chandrakant L. Sasle 109

 IJAAR Vol.4 No.24 ISSN – 2347-7075
EDS analysis supported the elemental confirmation of particles showing peak in copper region

Fig.2 EDS analysis shows peak in copper region confirming presence of elemental
copper.

SEM: The Scanning Electron microscopy was the image thatlarge organic biomolecules are
conducted to study morphological features of seen attached to small copper nanoparticles
CuO nanoparticles. The images are shown in (Figure3)
figure 3a and 3b respectively. Images indicate
that the morphology of iron nanoparticle is
roughly spherical. Also the nanoparticles are
covered by biomolecules which indicated in

Fig.3 SEM images of sample showing morphology of copper nanoparticles.

Conclusion morphologyof nanoparticle. Successful
Present studyhas developed simple, attempts were made to fabricate thick films
green and eco-friendly biogenic fabrication of using biogenic copper oxide nanoparticles by
copper oxide nanoparticle by Bacillus screen printing technique. The present
spp.Extracellular synthesis of nanoparticles method of synthesis of copper oxide
byBacillus spp.was confirmed in terms of nanoparticle is free from toxic chemicals and
colour change by visual observation. The hence enviro-friendly. It is simple
nanoparticles synthesised were characterised economically feasible and willfind wide
by UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The XRD potential for future application in various
pattern revealed that particles were of Nano fields.
size. EDS analysis confirmed elemental References:
nature of nanoparticle especially in copper 1. Sensors and transducers – Dr. R.Y. Borase
region. SEM micrograph showed

Seema V. Gharate, Chandrakant L. Sasle 110

 IJAAR Vol.4 No.24 ISSN – 2347-7075
2. Handbook of thick film technique – P.J. technological concepts and future
Holmels & R.G. Loasby applications,” Journal of nanoparticle
3. Thick film screen printing solid state research, vol.10, no.3, pp. 507-517, 2008.
technique – Austin 9. Ritu shah ,goldie oza ,Sunil
4. Ahmed, P. Mukherjee, S. Senapati et al., Pandey,Madhuri sheron,J. Microbial
“Extracellular biosynthesis of silver .Biotech.Res,2012, 2 (4); 485-492
nanoparticles using the fungus 10. Seema Garg, International Journal of
Fusariumoxysporum, ” colloids and Innovations in biological and chemical
surfaces B, vol.28, no.4 pp. 313-318,2003. sciences, Vol, 3-5-10-2012.
5. M. gericke and A. Pinches, “Biological 11. Sangeetha. N. Sarvanan.K. Journal of
synthesis of metal nanoparticles” nanoscience and
Hydrometalurgy, vol.83, no. 1-4, pp. 132- nanoitechnology.Vol.2/Issue1/Pp99-102
140, 2006. (Feb 2014).
6. P. Mohanpuria, N.K. Rana, and S.K. 12. Pooja Bansal ,Joginder Singh Duhan ,
Yadav, “ Biosynthesis of nanoparticles: Suresh Kumar Gahlawat African J. of
technological concepts and future Biotechnol,Vol13 (28)July 2014 2778-2785.
applications,” Journal of nanoparticle 13. Kaido Tammeveski. Main Research
research, vol.10, no.3, pp. 507-517, 200. Developments in the chair of Collide and
7. M. gericke and A. Pinches, “Biological Environmental Chemistry.(2007-2012)
synthesis of metal nanoparticles” 14. A.K.Suresh, Metallic Nanocrystallites and
Hydrometallurgy, vol.83, no. 1-4, pp. 132- their interaction with microbial systems
140, 2006. ,Spriger Briefs in Biometals,DOI;
8. P. Mohanpuria, N.K. Rana, and S.K. 10,1007/9768-94-007-4231-4-2.(2012).
Yadav, “Biosynthesis of nanoparticles:

Seema V. Gharate, Chandrakant L. Sasle 111