Elementary Statistics A Brief 6th

Edition Bluman Solutions Manual

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 Chapter 7 - Confidence Intervals and Sample Size

Note: Answers may vary due to rounding. 10.

For 92% confidence, z !# œ 1.75
EXERCISE SET 7-1 X œ 346.25 5 œ 165.1
346.25  1.75( 165.1
È32 ) < . < 346.25
1.
 1.75( 165.1
È32 )
A point estimate of a parameter specifies a
specific value such as . œ 87, whereas an 346.25  51.1 < . < 346.25  51.1
interval estimate specifies a range of values 295.2 < . < 397.4
for the parameter such as 84 < . < 90. The
advantage of an interval estimate is that a 11.
specific confidence level (say 95%) can be a. X œ 16.6 is the point estimate for ..
selected, and one can be 95% confident that
the parameter being estimated lies in the b. X  z !# Ð Ès n )  .  X  z !# Ð Ès n )
interval. 16.6  (1.96)( È2.835 ) < . <

2. 16.6  (1.96)( È1535 )

The standard deviation of the population 16.6  0.93 < . < 16.6  0.93
must be known or it must be estimated or 15.67 < . < 17.53 or 15.7 < . < 17.5
specified in terms of E. Sample size must be
specified, and the degree of confidence must c. 16.6  (2.58)( È2.835 ) < . <
be selected. 16.6  (2.58)( È2.835 )
3. 16.6  1.22 < . < 16.6  1.22
The margin of error is the likely range of 15.38 < . < 17.82 or 15.4 < . < 17.8
values above or below the statistic that may
contain the parameter. d. The 99% confidence interval is larger
because the confidence level is larger.
4.
A 95% confidence interval means that one 12.
can be 95% confident that the parameter X œ 2.82 5 œ 0.62
0.62
being estimated will be contained within the 2.82  2.58( È 36
) <.<
limits of the interval. 0.62
2.82  2.58( È 36
)
2.82  0.27 < . < 2.82  0.27
5. 2.55 < . < 3.09
A good estimator should be unbiased,
consistent, and relatively efficient. 13.
X  z !# Ð È5n ) < . < X  z !# Ð È5n )
6.
0.33 0.33
X 1.8  1.65( È 50
) < . < 1.8  1.65( È 50
)
1.8  0.08 < . < 1.8  0.08
7. 1.7 < . < 1.9
To determine sample size, the maximum
error of estimate and the degree of The estimate is lower.
confidence must be specified and the
population standard deviation must be 14.
known. a. X œ 7.2 is the point estimate for ..

8. b. 7.2  1.96( È2.150 ) < . < 7.2  1.96( È2.150 )

No, as long as it is much larger than the
7.2  0.58 < . < 7.2  0.58
sample size needed.
6.62 < . < 7.78 or 6.6 < . < 7.8
9.
c.
a. 2.58 d. 1.65
7.2  2.58( È2.150 ) < . < 7.2  2.58( È2.150 )
b. 2.33 e. 1.88
c. 1.96 7.2  0.77 < . < 7.2  0.77

122
 Chapter 7 - Confidence Intervals and Sample Size

14c. continued 20. continued

6.43 < . < 7.97 or 6.4 < . < 8.0 190.7  17.96  .  190.7  17.96
172.7  .  208.7
d. The interval found in part b is smaller
because a smaller confidence level was used. 21.
z! 5 # #
nœ’ 2
E “ œ ’ (2.58)(6.43)
1.5 “
15.
X  z !# Ð Ès n ) < . < X  z !# Ð Ès n ) n œ (11.0596)# œ 122.3 or 123
$150,000  1.96( 15,000
È35 ) < . < 22.
$150,000  1.96( 15,000
È35 ) 58.0  1.65( È4.8
171
) < . < 58.0  1.65( È4.8
171
)
$150,000  4969.51 < . < 58.0  0.61 < . < 58.0  0.61
$150,000  4969.51 57.4 < . < 58.6

$145,030 < . < $154,970 23.

(TI answer: $145,031 < . < $154,969) z! 5 # #
nœ’ 2
E “ œ ’ (1.65)(8)
2 “
16. n œ (6.6)# œ 43.56 or 44
X œ 43.45 5 œ 31
43.45  1.65( È3131 ) < . < 24.
z! 5 # #
43.45  1.65( È3131 ) nœ’ 2
E “ œ ’ (1.96)(0.26)
0.15 “
43.45  9.2 < . < 43.45  9.2 n œ (3.397)# œ 11.5 or 12
34.3 < . < 52.7
(TI answer: 34.3 < . < 52.6) 25.
z! 5 # #
nœ’ 2
E “ œ ’ (2.58)(30)
5 “
17.
n œ (15.48)# œ 239.6 or 240
X œ 5000 s œ 900
5000  1.96ˆ È900 ‰  .  5000 
415 26. For 95% confidence, the interval is
1.96ˆ È ‰
900
415 37.7  .  38.9; the 90% interval provides
4913  .  5087 more information.

4000 hours does not seem reasonable since it EXERCISE SET 7-2
is outside this interval.
1.
18. The characteristics of the t-distribution are:
$3987  1.65ˆ È 630 ‰
50
 .  $987  It is bell-shaped, symmetrical about the
mean, and never touches the x-axis. The
ˆ
1.65 È630 ‰
50 mean, median, and mode are equal to 0 and
$3840 < . < $4134 are located at the center of the distribution.
The variance is greater than 1. The t-
$3800 would be a reasonable amount to distribution is a family of curves based on
charge for tuition. degrees of freedom. As sample size
increases the t-distribution approaches the
19. normal distribution.
X  z !# Ð Ès n ) < . < X  z !# Ð Ès n )
61.2  1.96( È7.984 ) < . < 61.2  1.96( È7.984 ) 2.
The degrees of freedom are the number of
61.2  1.69 < . < 61.2  1.69 values free to vary after a sample statistic
59.5 < . < 62.9 has been computed.
20. 3.
&%Þ#
190.7  1.96Ð È $&
Ñ. The t-distribution should be used when 5 is
&%Þ#
190.7  1.96Ð È $&
Ñ unknown.

123
 Chapter 7 - Confidence Intervals and Sample Size

4. 9. continued
a. 2.898 where d. f. œ 17 573.8  77.04 < . < 573.8  77.04
b. 2.074 where d. f. œ 22 496.76 < . < 650.84 or 496.8 < . < 650.8
c. 2.624 where d. f. œ 14 No, 625 homicides would not be unlikely
d. 1.833 where d. f. œ9 since it is within the 99% confidence
e. 2.093 where d. f. œ 19 interval.

5. 10.
X  t !2 ( Ès n ) < . < X  t !2 ( Ès n ) X œ 29.8 s œ 6.2
26.1  (3.250)( È4.210 ) < . < X  t !2 ( Ès n ) < . < X  t !2 ( Ès n )

26.1  (3.250)( È4.210 ) 29.8  2.878( È6.219 ) < . <

26.1  4.32 < . < 26.1  4.32 29.8  2.878( È6.219 )

21.78 < . < 30.42 or 21.8 < . < 30.4 29.8  4.1 < . < 29.8  4.1
25.7 < . < 33.9 Assume normal distribution.
6.
X œ 217.7 s œ 17.49 11.
X  t !2 ( Ès n ) < . < X  t !2 ( Ès n ) X  t !2 ( Ès n ) < . < X  t !2 ( Ès n )
217.7  2.262( 17.49
È10 ) < . < 14.3  2.052( È228 ) < . < 14.3  2.052( È228 )
217.7  2.262( 17.49
È10 ) 14.3  0.8 < . < 14.3  0.8
217.7  12.5 < . < 217.7  12.5 13.5 < . < 15.1
205.2 < . < 230.2 The employees should allow about 30
minutes.
7.
X œ 33.4 s œ 28.7 12.
X  t !2 ( Ès n ) < . < X  t !2 ( Ès n ) X  t !2 ( Ès n ) < . < X  t !2 ( Ès n )
28.7
33.4  1.746( È 28.7
) < . < 33.4  1.746( È ) 15  3.055( È1.713 ) < . < 15  3.055( È1.713 )
17 17
33.4  12.2 < . < 33.4  12.2 15  1.4 < . < 15  1.4
21.2 < . < 45.6 13.6 < . < 16.4
The highest speed would be 16.4 mph.
The point estimate is 33.4 and is close to the
population mean of 32, which is within the 13.
90% confidence interval. The mean may not X  t !2 ( Ès n ) < . < X  t !2 ( Ès n )
be the best estimate since the data value 132 19.2  2.201( È2.112 ) < . <
is large and possibly an outlier. 19.2  2.201( È2.112 )
8. 19.2  1.33 < . < 19.2  1.33
X œ 43.49 s œ 9.24 17.87 < . < 20.53
X  t !2 ( Ès n ) < . < X  t !2 ( Ès n ) The estimate is higher than the national
average.
43.49  1.796Š È
9.24
12
‹<.<
14.
43.49  1.796Š È
9.24
‹
12 X  t !2 ( Ès n ) < . < X  t !2 ( Ès n )
43.49  4.79 < . < 43.49  4.79 4.1 4.1
13.1  2.365( È ) < . < 13.1  2.365( È )
38.70 < . < 48.28 8 8
Yes, this interval contains the national 13.1  3.43 < . < 13.1  3.43
average of 44.7 cents. 9.67 < . < 16.53 or 9.7 < . < 16.5

9. 15.
X  t !2 ( Ès n ) < . < X  t !2 ( Ès n ) X  t !2 ( Ès n ) < . < X  t !2 ( Ès n )
573.8  4.032( 46.8
È6 ) < . <
33.2  2.160( È8.314 ) < . <
573.8  4.032( 46.8
È6 )
33.2  2.160( È8.314 )

124
 Chapter 7 - Confidence Intervals and Sample Size

15. continued 21. continued

33.2  4.79 < . < 33.2  4.79 . < 2.175  0.226
28.41 < . < 37.99 or 28.4 < . < 38.0 Thus, . < $2.40 means that one can be 95%
confident that the mean revenue is less than
16. $2.40.
X  t !2 ( Ès n ) < . < X  t !2 ( Ès n )
41.6  2.069( È7.524 ) < . < EXERCISE SET 7-3

41.6  2.069( È7.524 ) 1.

41.6  3.17 < . < 41.6  3.17 a. p^ œ 40
80 œ 0.5 q^ œ 40
80 œ 0.5
38.4 < . < 44.8
b. p^ œ 90
200
œ 0.45 q^ œ 110
200
œ 0.55
17.
X œ 51.5 s œ 46.0 c. p^ œ 60
œ 0.46 q^ œ 70
œ 0.54
130 130
X  t !2 ( Ès n ) < . < X  t !2 ( Ès n )
46.0
51.5  1.746( È 17
)<.< d. p^ œ 35
60
œ 0.58 q^ œ 25
60
œ 0.42
46.0
51.5  1.746( È )
17
e. p^ œ 43
95
œ 0.45 q^ œ 52
95
œ 0.55
51.5  19.5 < . < 51.5  19.5
32.0 < . < 71.0 Assume normal distribution.
2.
For each part, change the percent to a
18.
X  t !2 ( Ès n ) < . < X  t !2 ( Ès n ) decimal by dividing by 100, and find q^ using
q^ œ 1  p.
^
86  1.721( È522 ) < . < 86  1.721( È522 ) ^
a. p œ 0.25 q^ œ 1  0.25 œ 0.75
86  1.8 < . < 86  1.8 ^
b. p œ 0.42 q^ œ 1  0.42 œ 0.58
84.2 < . < 87.8 or 84 < . < 88 ^
c. p œ 0.68 q^ œ 1  0.68 œ 0.32
He should probably use a maximum pulse ^
d. p œ 0.55 q^ œ 1  0.55 œ 0.45
rate of 88. ^
e. p œ 0.12 q^ œ 1  0.12 œ 0.88

19. 3.
Answers will vary. p^ œ 0.39 q^ œ 0.61
p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq < p < p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq
^^ ^^
20.
X œ 33.5 s œ 27.678 0.39  (1.96)É (0.39)(0.61)
1500
<p<
X  t !2 ( Ès n ) < . < X  t !2 ( Ès n )
0.39  (1.96)É (0.39)(0.61)
33.5  2.821Ð #(Þ'()
È"! Ñ  . 
1500
0.39  0.025 < p < 0.39  0.025
33.5  2.821Ð #(Þ'()
È"! Ñ 0.365 < p < 0.415
33.5  24.691  .  33.5  24.691
8.8  .  58.2 4.
p^ œ Xn œ 250
110
œ 0.44
21. q^ œ 1  0.44 œ 0.56
X œ 2.175 s œ 0.585
p^  (z ! ÑÉ p q < p < p^  (z ! ÑÉ p q
^^ ^^
For . > X  t !2 ( Ès n ): # n # n

. > 2.175  1.729( 0.585 0.44  1.65É (0.44)(0.56) <p<

È20 ) 250

. > 2.175  0.226 0.44  1.65É (0.44)(0.56)

250
Thus, . > $1.95 means that one can be 95% 0.44  0.052 < p < 0.44  0.052
confident that the mean revenue is greater 0.388 < p < 0.492
than $1.95.
It is probably higher because of increased
For . < X  t !2 ( Ès n ): awareness in a college town.
. < 2.175  1.729( 0.585
È20 )

125
 Chapter 7 - Confidence Intervals and Sample Size

5. 10.
p^ œ Xn œ 450
55
œ 0.12 p^ œ Xn œ 200
154
œ 0.77
q^ œ 1  0.12 œ 0.88 q^ œ 1  0.77 œ 0.23
p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq < p < p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq p^  (z ! ÑÉ p q < p < p^  (z ! ÑÉ p q
^^ ^^ ^^ ^^
# n # n

0.12  1.96É (0.12)(0.88)

450
 p  0.12  1.96É (0.12)(0.88)
450
0.77  1.65É (0.77)(0.23)
200
<p<
0.12  0.03  p  0.12  0.03 0.77  1.65É (0.77)(0.23)
200
0.09 or 9%  p  0.15 or 15%
(TI answer: 0.092 < p < 0.153) 0.77  0.049 < p < 0.77  0.049
11% is contained in the confidence interval. 0.721 < p < 0.819 or 72.1% < p < 81.9%

6. 11.
p^ œ 0.317 q^ œ 0.683 p^ œ 0.25 q^ œ 0.75
p^  (z !# ÑÉ n < p < p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq
^ q^
p ^^
(z !# ÑÉ pnq < p < p^  (z ! ÑÉ p q
^^ ^^
p^  # n

0.317  2.58É (0.317)(0.683) <p< 0.25  2.58É (0.25)(0.75)

80
<p<
205

0.317  2.58É (0.317)(0.683) 0.25  2.58É (0.25)(0.75)

80
205
0.25  0.125 < p < 0.25  0.125
0.317  0.084 < p < 0.317  0.084 0.125 < p < 0.375 or 12.5% < . < 37.5%
0.233 < p < 0.401 It would not be considered large since 0.28
is in the interval.
7.
12.
p^ œ 0.84 q^ œ 0.16
p^ œ Xn œ 0.238
p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq < p < p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq
^^ ^^
q^ œ 1  0.238 œ 0.762
0.84  1.65É (0.84)(0.16)
200
<p< p^  (z ! ÑÉ pnq < p < p^  (z ! ÑÉ pnq
^^ ^^
# #

0.84  1.65É (0.84)(0.16)

200 0.238  2.33É (0.238)(0.762) <p<
400
0.84  0.043 < p < 0.84  0.043
0.238  2.33É (0.238)(0.762)
400
0.797 < p < 0.883
0.238  0.0496 < p < 0.238  0.0496
8. 0.1884 < p < 0.2876 or 0.188 < p < 0.288
p^ œ Xn œ 763
329
œ 0.431 Yes, the interval contains 20.4
^q œ 1  0.431 œ 0.569
13.
p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq < p < p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq
^^ ^^
p^ œ 0.44975 q^ œ 0.55025
0.431  1.75É (0.431)(0.569) p^  (z !# ÑÉ n < p < p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq
^ q^
p ^^
763
<p<
0.431  1.75É (0.431)(0.569)
763 0.44975  1.96É (0.44975)(0.55025)
1005 <p<
0.431  0.031 < p < 0.431  0.031 0.44975  1.96É (0.44975)(0.55025)
1005
0.400 < p < 0.462 (TI: 0.400 < p < 0.463)
0.44975  0.03076 < p <
9. 0.44975  0.03076
0.419 < p < 0.481
p^ œ 0.65 q^ œ 0.36
p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq < p < p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq
^ ^ ^^
14.
0.65  1.96É (0.65)(0.35) <p< p^ œ 560
1000 œ 0.56 q^ œ 440
1000 œ 0.44
300
(z !# ÑÉ pnq < p < p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq
^^ ^^
p^ 
0.65  1.96É (0.65)(0.35)
300
0.65  0.054 < p < 0.65  0.054 0.56  1.96É (0.56)(0.44)
1000
p
0.56  1.96É (0.56)(0.44)
0.596 < p < 0.704
1000
0.56  0.030766 < p < 0.56  0.030766
0.529 < p < 0.591

126
 Chapter 7 - Confidence Intervals and Sample Size

15. 21.
#
p^ œ 40
200
œ 0.2 q^ œ 0.8 600 œ (0.5)(0.5)’ 0.04
D
“
z! # #
n œ p^ q^’ E# “ œ (0.2)(0.8)’ 1.96
0.04 “ 600 œ 156.25D#
n œ 384.16 or 385 3.84 œ D#
È3.84 œ 1.96 œ D
If no estimate of the sample proportion is 1.96 corresponds to a 95% degree of
available, use p^ œ 0.5: confidence.
p^ œ 0.5 q^ œ 0.5
z! # # 22.
n œ p^ q^’ # “ œ (0.5)(0.5)’ 1.96 “
E 0.04 #
1015 œ (0.68)(0.32)’ 0.03
D
“
n œ 600.25 or 601
1015 œ 241.78D#
16. 4.198 œ D#
a. p^ œ 0.29 q^ œ 0.71 È4.198 œ 2.05 œ D
z! # # For z œ 2.05, the area under the normal
n œ p^ q^’ E# “ œ (0.29)(0.71)’ 0.05
1.65
“
curve is 0.9798. Since
n œ 224.2251 or 225 1  0.9798 œ 0.0202, !# œ 0.0202. Then
! œ 0.0404 or 4%, and
b. p^ œ 0.5 q^ œ 0.5 100%  4% œ 96%. Thus, 2.05
z! # #
n œ p^ q^’ E# “ œ (0.5)(0.5)’ 1.65
0.05 “ corresponds to a 96% degree of confidence.
n œ 272.25 or 273
EXERCISE SET 7-4
17.
1.
a. p^ œ 0.25 q^ œ 0.75
z! # # ;#
n œ p^ q^’ E# “ œ (0.25)(0.75)’ 0.03
1.96
“
n œ 800.33 or 801 2.
The variable must be normally distributed.
b. p^ œ 0.5 q^ œ 0.5
z! # # 3.
n œ p^ q^’ E# “ œ (0.5)(0.5)’ 1.96
0.03 “ ;#left ;#right
n œ 1067.11 or 1068 a. 3.816 21.920
b. 10.117 30.144
18. c. 13.844 41.923
a. p^ œ 0.5 q^ œ 0.5 d. 0.412 16.750
z! # #
n œ p^ q^’ E# “ œ (0.5)(0.5)’ 0.055
1.96
“ e. 26.509 55.758
n œ 317.48 or 318
4.
(n1)s# (n1)s#
19. #
;right
 5#  #
;left
p^ œ 0.5 q^ œ 0.5
z! # 23(4.8)# 23(4.8)#
n œ p^ q^’ # “
E 35.172
< 5# < 13.091
#
n œ (0.5)(0.5)’ 0.025
1.65
“ 15.1 < 5 # < 40.5
n œ 1089 3.9 < 5 < 6.4
Yes. The lifetimes seem to be somewhat
20. consistent; deviation is between 3.9 and 6.4
z! # months.
n œ p^ q^’ E# “
#
n œ (0.27)(0.73)’ 1.96 5.
0.02 “ (n1)s# (n1)s#
#
;right
 5#  #
;left
n œ 1892.9 or 1893
16(10.1)# 16(10.1)#
28.845
< 5# < 6.908

127
 Chapter 7 - Confidence Intervals and Sample Size

5. continued 10. continued

56.6 < 5 # < 236.3 (n1)s#
 5#  (n1)s#
;#right
#
;left
7.5 < 5 < 15.4
19(411.455) 19(411.455)
6. 30.144 < 5# < 10.117
(n1)s# (n1)s#
#  5#  #
;right ;left 259.343 < 5 # < 772.724
16.104 < 5 < 27.798
5(4.1)# 5(4.1)#
16.750 < 5# < 0.412
11.
5.0 < 5 # < 204.0 (n1)s# (n1)s#
#
;right
 5#  #
;left
2.2 < 5 < 14.3
24(462)# 24(462)#
7. 39.364
< 5# < 12.401
Use the Range Rule of Thumb for 5 .
5 ¸ $25,462 4 $17,627 œ 1958.75 130,135.6 < 5 # < 413,084.1
360.8 < 5 < 642.7 or 361 < 5 < 643
For insurer's cost:
(n1)s# # 12.
;#
 5 #  (n;#1)s s œ 4.448
right left
(n1)s# (n1)s#
;#
 5#  #
;left
9(1958.75)# 9(1958.75)# right
21.666
< 5# < 2.088
7(4.448)# 7(4.448)#
20.278 <
5# <
$1,593,756 < 5 # < $16,537,507 0.989

$1262.44 < 5 < $4066.63

6.83 < 5 # < 140.03
For uninsured person's cost: 2.61 < 5 < 11.83
5 ¸ $58,702 4 $40,640 œ $4515.5
13.
9(4515.5)# 9(4515.5)#
s  z !# Ð Ès#n ) < 5 < s  z !# Ð Ès#n )
21.666
< 5# < 2.088

18  1.96ˆ È") ‰ < 5 < 18  1.96ˆ È") ‰

$8,469,845 < 5 # < $87,886,811 %!! %!!
$2910.30 < 5 < $9374.80
16.2 < 5 < 19.8
8.
(n1)s#
 5#  (n1)s# REVIEW EXERCISES - CHAPTER 7
#
;right #
;left

1.
23(2.3)# 23(2.3)#
35.172
< 5# < 13.091 X œ 19.63 is the point estimate of ..
X  z !# Ð Ès n ) < . < X  z !# Ð Ès n )
3.5 < 5 # < 9.3
1.9 < 5 < 3.0 19.63  1.65( 18.73
È30 ) < . <

9. 19.63  1.65( 18.73

È30 )
s œ 36.6
(n1)s# (n1)s# 19.63  5.64 < . < 19.63  5.64
;#
 5#  #
;left
right
13.99 < . < 25.27 or 14 < . < 25
5(36.6)# 5(36.6)#
(TI answer: 14.005 < . < 25.255)
11.071 < 5# < 1.145
2.
604.99 < 5 # < 5849.61 X œ 7.5 is the point estimate of ..
24.60 < 5 < 76.48
X  z !# Ð Ès n ) < . < X  z !# Ð Ès n )
10.
s# œ 411.455

128
 Chapter 7 - Confidence Intervals and Sample Size

2. continued 8.
7.5  1.96( È0.8
"500
) < . < 7.5  1.96( È0.8
"500
) p^ œ 0.42 q^ œ 0.58

p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq < p < p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq

^^ ^^
7.46 < . < 7.54

3.
z! 5 # # 0.42  1.96É (0.42)(0.58) <p<
nœ’ “ œ ’ 1.65(80)
25 “
2
1500

0.42  1.96É (0.42)(0.58)

E
1500

n œ (5.28)# œ 27.88 or 28
0.42  1.96(0.013) < p < 0.42  1.96(0.013)

4. 0.395 < p < 0.445

X œ $23.45 is the point estimate of ..
9.
X  t !# Ð Ès n ) < . < X  t !# Ð Ès n ) p^ œ 80
200 œ 0.4 q^ œ 0.6

p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq < p < p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq

^^ ^^
$23.45  1.65( $2.80
È49 ) < . <
$23.45  1.65( $2.80
È49 )
0.4  1.65É (0.4)(0.6)
200
<p<
$23.45  $0.66 < . < $23.45  $0.66 0.4  1.65É (0.4)(0.6)
200
$22.79 < . < $24.11

5. 0.4  0.057 < p < 0.4  0.057

X œ 82.64 is the point estimate of .. 0.343 < p < 0.457

X  t !# Ð Ès n ) < . < X  t !# Ð Ès n ) 10.

p^ œ 0.4725 q^ œ 0.5275
8.49
82.64  2.228( È )<.<
p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq < p < p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq
11 ^^ ^^
8.49
82.64  2.228( È 11
)

0.4725  2.33É (0.4725)(0.5275) <p<

82.64  5.7 < . < 82.64  5.7 400

76.9 < . < 88.3 0.4725  2.33É (0.4725)(0.5275)

400

6. 0.4725  0.0582 < p < 0.4725  0.0582

X  t !# Ð Ès n ) < . < X  t !# Ð Ès n ) 0.414 < p < 0.531

28  2.132( È35 ) < . < 28  2.132( È35 ) 11.

p^ œ 0.88 q^ œ 0.12
25 < . < 31
z! # #
n œ p^ q^’ E# “ œ (0.88)(0.12)’ 0.025
1.65
“
7.
p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq < p < p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq
^^ ^^
n œ 459.99 or 460

12.
0.44  1.96É (0.44)(0.56) <P<
1004 p^ œ 0.73 q^ œ 0.27
0.44  1.96É (0.44)(0.56)
1004
z! # #
n œ p^ q^’ E# “ œ (0.73)(0.27)’ 0.03
1.96
“
0.44  0.0307 < p < 0.44  0.0307
n œ 841.3 or 842
0.409 < p < 0.471

129
 Chapter 7 - Confidence Intervals and Sample Size

12. continued 8. Unbiased, consistent, relatively efficient

With no prior knowledge, use p^ œ 0.5 and 9. Margin of error
q^ œ 0.5. Then, 10. Point
11. 90, 95, 99
z! # #
n œ p^ q^’ E# “ œ (0.5)(0.5)’ 1.96
0.03 “ 12.
X œ $121.60 is the point estimate for ..
n œ 1067.1 or 1068 X  z !# Ð Ès n ) < . < X  z !# Ð Ès n )

13. 6.36
(n1)s# (n1)s# $121.60  1.65( È )<.<
#
;right
 5#  #
;left
36
6.36
$121.60  1.65( È 36
)
(181)(0.29)# (181)(0.29)#
< 5# <
30.191 7.564 $119.85 < . < $123.35
0.05 < 5 # < 0.19 13.
0.22 < 5 < 0.44 X œ $44.80 is the point estimate for ..
Yes; it seems that there is a large standard X  t !# Ð Ès n ) < . < X  t !# Ð Ès n )
deviation.
3.53
14. $44.80  2.093( È 20
)<.<
(n1)s# (n1)s# 3.53
#
;right
 5#  #
;left
$44.80  2.093( È 20
)

(221)(2.6)
< 5# < (221)(2.6) $43.15 < . < $46.45
35.479 10.283

1.5 < 5 # < 5.3 14.

X œ 4150 is the point estimate for ..
15. X  z !# Ð Ès n ) < . < X  z !# Ð Ès n )
(n1)s# (n1)s#
#
;right
 5#  #
;left 480
$4150  2.58( È 40
)<.<
480
(151)(8.6)
< 5# < (151)(8.6) $4150  2.58( È 40
)
23.685 6.571

5.1 < 5 # < 18.3 $3954 < . < $4346

16. 15.
(n1)s#
# 5  # (n1)s#
#
X  t !# Ð Ès n ) < . < X  t !# Ð Ès n )
;right ;left

(111)(8.4885)#
< 5# < (111)(8.4885)# 48.6  2.262( È4.110 ) < . < 48.6  2.262( È4.110 )
25.188 2.156

28.6 < 5 # < 334.2 45.7 < . < 51.5

5.3 < 5 < 18.3
16.
CHAPTER 7 QUIZ X  t !# Ð Ès n ) < . < X  t !# Ð Ès n )

1. True 16
438  3.499( È 16
) < . < 438  3.499( È )
8 8
2. True
3. False, it is consistent if, as sample size
418 < . < 458
increases, the estimator approaches the
parameter being estimated.
17.
4. True
X  t !# Ð Ès n ) < . < X  t !# Ð Ès n )
5. b
6. a
7. b

130
 Chapter 7 - Confidence Intervals and Sample Size

17. continued 24.

31  2.353( È44 ) < . < 31  2.353( È44 ) (n1)s# (n1)s#
#
;right
 5#  #
;left

26 < . < 36 24(9)#

< 5# < 24(9)#
39.364 12.401

18.
z! 5 # # 49.4 < 5 # < 156.8
nœ’ 2
E “ œ ’ 2.58(2.6)
0.5 “ 7 < 5 < 13
n œ 179.98 or 180
25.
(n1)s# (n1)s#
19. #
;right
 5#  #
;left
z! 5 # #
nœ’ 2
E “ œ ’ 1.65(900)
300 “
26(6.8)# 26(6.8)#
n œ 24.5 or 25 38.885 < 5# < 15.379

20. 30.9 < 5 # < 78.2

5.6 < 5 < 8.8
p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq < p < p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq
^^ ^^

26.
p^ œ 0.43 q^ œ 0.57 (n1)s#
 5#  (n1)s#
#
;right #
;left

0.43  1.96É (0.43)(0.57) <p< 19(2.3)# 19(2.3)#

300
30.144
< 5# < 10.177
0.43  1.96É (0.43)(0.57)
300
3.33 < 5 # < 10
0.374 < p < 0.486 1.8 < 5 < 3.2

21.
p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq < p < p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq
^^ ^^

0.36  1.65É (0.36)(0.64)

150
<p<
0.36  1.65É (0.36)(0.64)
150

0.295 < p < 0.425

22.
p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq < p < p^  (z !# ÑÉ pnq
^^ ^^

0.4444  1.96É (0.4444)(0.5556)

90 <p<
0.4444  1.96É (0.4444)(0.5556)
90

0.342 < p < 0.547

23.
z! #
n œ p^ q^’ E# “
#
n œ (0.15)(0.85)’ 1.96
0.03 “
n œ 544.22 or 545

131
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