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Atomic Structure Lecture - 01
Atomic Structure Lecture - 01
3x10°m/sec
4x10m
0.75 x 1015 sec-l
7.5 x 1014 sec-l
(b) Calculation of energy :
E hv
6.626 x 10-34 Joule x 7.5 x 1014 sec-l
4.96 x 10-19 Joule
Ex. Calculate the à and frequency of a photon having an energy of 2 electron volt
Sol. lev = 1.602 x 10-19,J
2ev = 3.204 x 10-19 J = E
(a) Calculation of wavelength (2) :
hc ho
E= or A=E
6.626x 104 Js x3 x10 m sec
3.204 x 10-19J
= 6.204 × 10- m
Calculation of frequency (v):
3x10°msec-!
v
6.204 x 10-m
= 0.48 x 1015 sec-l
= 4.8 x 1014 sec-l
Ex. Which has a higher energy ?
(a) A photon of violet light with wave length 4000 E
or
n: Ex
hc
Kqi42
Coulombic force =2
mv
Centrifugal force = r
Atoms has a nucleus where all protons and neutrons are present.
The size of nucleus is very small and it is present at the centre of the atom.
2nd Postulate
Negatively charged electron are revolving around the nucleus in the same way as the planets are revolving
around the sun.
i.e. Attraction force towards nucleus = centrifugal force away from nucleus.
3rd Postulate :
h
Electrons can revolve only in those orbits whose angular momenturn (mvr) is integral multiple of
nh
i.e. myr
2
n = Whole number
4, 5
Angular momentum can have values such as 2T
h
32 .but can not have frac
Nucleus
Shell K
Shell L
Shell M
Shell N
Shell O
mr
...(2)
According to Bohr's postulate of angular momentum quantization, we have
nh
mvT = 2
nh
V=
2amr
n'h
4n'm' .....3)
To
n'h²
4me'K
1 x(6.626 x10"} = 5.29 4 10-11 m = 0.529 E
4x(3.14)x9x 10-" x(1.6 x10-9} *9x10°
Radius of nth orbit for an atom with atomic number Z is simply written as
,= 0.529 s
KZe
Substituting this in equation (4)
KZe? KZe? KZe?
Total energy (E) = 2r 2r
72
= -21.8 y 10-19 4 Jper atom = -13.6 4 eV per atom
(1 eV = 3.83 4 10-23 Kcal)
1eV = 1.602 4 10-12 erg
(1 eV = 1.602 4 10-19 J)
(E = -313.6 4
n Kcal/mole (1 cal = 4.18 J))
The energies are negative since the energy of the electron in the atom is less than the energy of a free
electron, i.e. the electron is at infinite distance from the nucleus which is taken as zero. The lowest energy
level of the atom corresponds to n = 1, and as the quantum number increases, E becomes less negative.
When n = o, E = 0, which corresponds to an ionized atom, i.e. the electron and nucleus are infinitely
separated.
H ’ H + e (ionization)
Calculation of velocity :
We know that
nh hn
V 2xmr
By substituting for r we are getting
2nKZe²
nh
where excepting n and Z all are constants
V= 2.18 4 108 2 cm/sec.
QUESTIONS BASED ON BOHR'S MODEL
Ex. Calculate the radius of 1,2nd,3rd,4th Bohr's Orbit of hydrogen.
Sol. Radius of Bohr's orbit
n?
r= 0.529
(a) Radius of 1 orbit
1
r= 0.529 x = 0.529E
1
(b) Radius of 2nd orbit
2
T0.529 x4
r= 0.529
= 2.116E
Radius of 3rd orbit:
r= 0.529: 3 = 0.529 x9
1
= 4.761E
Radius of 4th orbit :
r=0.529 >
4²
1
=0.529 x16
= 8.464E
Ex. Calculate the radius ratio of 3rd & 5th orbit of Het
r= 0.529
E
At. Number of He = 2
Sol. r = 0.529 x
9
= 0.529 x
2
I5 = 0.529 x
(5)
25
= 0.529
2
0.529 x (3
2
Therefore
0.529,(5)
2
9
25 r3I, = 9: 25
Ex. Calculate the radius ratio of 2nd orbit of hydrogen and 3rd
orbit of Li+2
Sol. Atomic number of H=1
Atomic number of Li = 3
0.529> 2
: (): ( =4:3
(shue o.529 x3
The ratio of the radius3of two Bohr's orbit of Lit² is 1:9. what Would be their nomenclature.
Ex.
1. K&L 2. L& M 3 K& M 4 K&N
0.529x n
1 3
Sol. 9
0.529 x n
3
n1 K Shell
n 3 M Shell
Ex. Calculate the radius of 2nd excited state of Lit2,
Sol. 2xd excited state, means e is present in 3rd shell so,
3x3
0.529:
3
= 0.529 x 3 E
1.587 E
Ex. Calculate the radius ratio of 2rd excited state of H & 1 excited state of Lit2.
Sol. 2d excited state. means e is present in 3rd shell of hydrogen
T3 = 0.529 (3'1 0.529 x 9
E= -13.6x3)
(3'
=- 13.6 eV/atom
Ex. Calculate the ratio of energies of Het for 1 & 2nd excited state.
Sol. (Het) 14 Excited state (He), 2d Excited state
i.e. (Het)2nd shell (He')3rd shell
(2) (2
-13.6 (2 - 13.6 x
(3)
4 4
:
4
1
9
Ex. If the P.E. of an electron is 6.8 eV in hydrogen atom then find out K.E., E of orbit where electron exist &
radius of orbit.
Sol. 1. P.£. = -2K.E.
-6.8 = -2K.E.
6.8
= K.E. K.E. = 3.4 eV
2
2. E - K.E.
3.4 eV
3. Orbit = 2nd
: E=- 13.6 x
n
-13.6
n²=
-3.4
i.e. n = 2
4 r =0.529 xE
r 0.529 x
=0.529 x 4E
= 2.16 E
Ex. The ionization energy for the hydrogen atom is 13.6 ev then calculate the required energy in ev to excite it
from the ground state to 1% excited state.
Sol. lonization energy = 13.6 eV
i.e. 1st energy state =- 13.6 eV
Energy of 1# excited state
i.e 2nd orbit =-3.4 eV
SO.
E -E, =-3.4 + 13.6 = 10.2 eV
Ex. If the total energy of an electron is -1.51 ev in hydrogen atom then find out K.E, P.E, orbit radius and velocity
of the electron in that orbit.
Sol. Given E=-1.5 eV
() E=-KE
K.E =-E |:Z =1}
= 1.51 eV
(ii) PE = - 2 x 1.51
=-3.02 eV
(iüil Orbit = 3rd
1
E=-13.6 x n? ev -1.51 = -13.6 x
n?
-13.6
n=51=9
n =3
Ex. Calculate the velocity of an electron placed in the 3rd orbit of the Li2+ ion. Also calculate the number of revolutions
per second that it makes around the nucleus.
Sol. Radius of 2nd orbit = r;x (n