Suggested solution Test FyBNVCO07 Circular Motion, Energy

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Physics B: FyBNVC07 Circular Motion

Instructions: Time: The Test 9:25-10:40.

Warning! There are more than one version of the test.

At the end of each problem a maximum point which one may get for a correct solution of the problem is given. (2/3/) means 2 G points, 3 VG points and an MVG quality. Approved formula sheets, ruler, and graphic calculator. You may use one page of a personalized formula sheet which has your name on it. This should be submitted along with the test.

Tools

Grade limits: Maximum score 32, where 15 of them are VG points and 2 (MVG) Lower limits for examination grade Pass (G): 11 points Pass with distinction (VG): 22 points of which at least 5 VG-points Pass with special distinction (MVG): 25 points of which at least 10 VG-points and you must show several Pass with Special Distinction qualities in at least three of -marked qualities. Problems number 4 and 5 are heavily graded and are of greatest importance for both VG and MVG. You may choose to solve these problems before solving the others.

G VG MVG G VG MVG

1a 2

1b 1

1c 2

2 2

3a 2 1

3b 2

4 1 3

5a 1 3

5b 1 4

5c 1 4

Sum 15 15 2

Grade

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Suggested solution Test FyBNVCO07 Circular Motion, Energy

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A 200. g object is moving in a flat horizontal circle of diameter 20.0 cm at a constant speed of 3.00 m / s . a. Calculate the centripetal force acting on the object. [2/0] b. Calculate the centripetal acceleration of the object. [1/0] c. Draw a simple figure and show clearly the direction of the velocity, centripetal acceleration and the centripetal force on the object at two different positions. [2/0]

Suggested solutions: Data: m = 200. g = 0.200 kg , d = 20.0 cm r =

v = 3.00 m / s

d 0.200 = m = 0.100 m , 2 2
[2/0] [1/0] Answer: FC = 18.0 N Answer: aC = 90.0 m / s 2

(3.00) N = 18.0 N v2 = (0.200) r 0.100 2 2 (3.00) m / s 2 = 90.0 m / s 2 v = b) aC = r 0.100 c)

2

a) FC = m

v = 3.00 m / s

aC = 90.0 m / s 2

FC = 18.0 N

v = 3.00 m / s
FC = 18.0 N

aC = 90.0 m / s 2

The figure below illustrates a satellite on its orbit around the Earth. Draw the force on the satellite at the position shown in the figure. * [2/0]

Suggested solution:

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Suggested solution Test FyBNVCO07 Circular Motion, Energy

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(a) Calculate the velocity of a 1250 kg satellite moving in a stable circular orbit

about the Earth at a height of 4.20 10 7 m above the Earths surface. [2/1] (b) Why the satellite does not fall to the Earth? What is keeping the satellite revolving around the Earth in a circular orbit? Does this force work on the satellite? Explain. [2/0] 24 6 Mass of the earth is mE 5.98 10 kg , and its radius is: RE 6.38 10 m Suggested solution: Answer: v S = 2.87 10 3 m / s = 1.03 10 4 km / h Data: h = 4.20 10 7 m ; problem: v = ? , ms = 1250 kg

v2 m E mS m / = mS aC = mS S vS = G E / / 2 d ES d ES d ES

d ES = RE + h = 6.38 106 + 4.20 107 = 4.838 107 m 4.84 107 m ,

mE 5.98 10 24 11 vS = G = 6.67 10 = 2.87 103 m / s = 1.03 10 4 km / h 7 d ES 4.238 10
Earth Mass: m 5.98 10 24 kg , Radius R 6.38 103 km

Actually the satellite keeps falling to the Earth but the curvature of the Earth is exactly equal to the amount the satellite has fallen. The Earth and the satellite attract each other according to the Newtons m m universal gravitational law: FEs = G E 2 s . If the satellites tangential d Es velocity was just a little bit different, it would either fall to the Earth or it would escape it. Therefore it is the satellites precise tangential velocity which creates a precise centripetal acceleration equal to that provided by the attractive universal gravitational force: m m v2 FEs = G E 2 s = ms aC = ms . d Es d Es Due to the fact that this gravitational force, FEs , is normal (perpendicular) to the satellites path, s , i.e. FEs s (the radius of any circle is perpendicular to its boundary at any given point), it does no work on the r r satellite: W = F x = FEs s cos 90 = 0

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Suggested solution Test FyBNVCO07 Circular Motion, Energy

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In assessing your work with problems 4 and 5 your teacher will pay extra attentio to: How well you plan and carry out the task. Which priciples of physics you use and how you justify using them How general your solutions are How well you justify your conclusions How well you cary out your calculations How well you present your work How well you use physical and matematical language. How clear your solutions are. 4 Earth Moon Earth-Moon distance At what distance from the Earth will a spacecraft traveling directly from the Earth to the Moon experience zero gravity? [1/3/] Mass: m 5.98 10 24 kg , Mass: m 7.35 10 22 kg , Radius R 6.38 103 km Radius R 1.74 103 km

d EM 384 10 3 km

Suggested solution: Data: F = 0 Problem: h = ? Using the universal gravitational law of Newton, we may consider the point at a height r from the centre of the earth. At this point the gravitational pull of the moon is exactly equal that of the earth: m m mM mS / / G E2 S =G / / r (d EM r )2

r=

5.98 10 24 384 103 km 22 7.35 10 24 1 + 5.98 10 7.35 10 22

m r2 = E 2 (d EM r ) mM
r d EM r r = r = mE mM

mE mE + d EM mM mM

mE = mE d EM r 1 + mM mM
mE d EM mM mE 1 + mM

r=

598 384 103 km r = 7.35 598 1 + 7.35 3 r = 345.7 10 km If subtract the radius of the Earth hES = 345.7 103 km 6.38 103 km hES = 339.3 km 339 km from the surface of the Earth. Answer: At r = 345.7 10 3 km from the centre of the Earth (at hES 339 km from the surface of the earth on the line joining the Earth to the moon) the satellite does not experience any gravitational force.

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Suggested solution Test FyBNVCO07 Circular Motion, Energy

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Tarzan whose mass is 125.0 kg swinging in an arc from a hanging 10.0 m vine (rope). If his arms are capable of exerting a maximum force of 2500 N on the vine, a. Calculate the maximum speed he can tolerate in swinging. [1/3] Tarzan speeding at 36 km / h grabs the hanging 10.0 m vine and swings out b. over a lake. He releases the rope when his velocity is zero. Calculate the angle (the angle between the rope and the tree, i.e. vertical) when he releases the rope. [1/4/] Calculate the tension in the rope just before he releases it. [1/4] c.

Data: m = 125.0 kg , r = 10.0 m , FT ,max = 2500 N ; v 0 = 36 km/ h , r = 10.0 m , v = 0 Problem: vmax = ? = ? ; FT = ?; v = 0 Suggested solution: At its lowest point the tension is the maximum on the vine. Free-body-diagram of the situation is shown on the figure. Newtons equation of motion requires that: gravitational energy. Conservation of energy principle requires that: 1 2 mv = mgh / / 2 where h = r r cos = r (1 cos ) is the height he releases the vine.

FT ,max = 1900 N

ac
vmax = ?

mg
r r F = ma FT mg = maC

FT mg = m

v2 r

v 2 FT = g r m F v2 = T g r m

v 2 = 2 gh = 2 g (r r cos )

r r cos =

v2 2g

F vmax = T ,max g r m
2500 vmax = 9.8 10 125
vmax = 102 = 10.1 m / s 1000 v = 36 km / h = 36 m / s = 10.0 m / s 3600 At the moment he releases the vine his kinetic energy is totally converted to the

v2 r = r cos 2g v2 cos = 1 2 gr 10 2 cos = 1 2 9.8 10 cos = 1 0.5102 = 0.4898 = cos 1 (0.4898) = 60.67 61 At this point, i.e. when 61 , FT = mg cos FT = 125 9.82 cos(60.67 ) = 601.2 N FT 601 N
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Suggested solutions Test Ch5 FyBNVC06 Circular Motion

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