Lesson 1
OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND
POWER OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION
Opportunity - A time or set of
circumstances that makes it possible to do
something.
Challenge - Is something new and difficult
which requires great effort and
determination.
EXAMPLES OF OPPORTUNITY
Television Broadcaster - A television
presenter presents information relating to
subjects such as news and sports, and may
also be responsible for planning the creative
content of a series.
Example: TV broadcaster
Mobile Communication - A means of
technology-mediated communication that
allows the user of a mobile device to connect
with someone else at a different location, such
as texting from a cell phone and sending email
from a computer device equipped with WiFi
(e.g. laptop, iPad).
Mobile phone - is a wireless portable device
that allows users, to make and receive calls,
and send text messages.
EXAMPLES OF CHALLENGES IN MEDIA
(Cybercrime and phishing)
 Cybercrime - Is defined as a crime in
which a computer is the object of
the crime.
Cybercriminals - may use computer
technology to access personal
information, and business trade
secrets or use the internet for
exploitative or malicious purposes.
Hacking - is the most common type
of cybercrime committed across the
world. It is a crime which entails
cracking systems and gaining
unauthorized access to the data
stored in them.
Hacker - is a person who breaks into
a computer system.
Cyber stalking - is use of the
internet or other electronic means
to stalk someone. It is online
harassment and online abuse.
Mostly cyber stalking involves
following a person’s movement
across the internet by posting
threatening messages to the victim.
Virus dissemination - Virus is the
programs which attach themselves
to the computer or file and then
circulate themselves to other files
and to other components on a
network. They usually affect the
data on the computer, either by
altering or deleting it.
E-mail Spoofing - An e-mail that
appears to originate from one
source but actually has been sent
from another source. This can also
be termed as E-mail Forging.
  Phishing - is a cybercrime in which a
target or targets are contacted by
email, telephone, or text message by
someone posing as a legitimate
institution to lure individuals into
providing sensitive data such as
personally identifiable information,
banking and credit card details, and
passwords.
THE POWER OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION
Student - The power of media and
information in the side of the students is
that, now a days the information is easy to
get. Example, if you have assignments you
can use your phone to search information.
Business - While in business, the power of
media and information is very strong. Using
media, the business owner can easily
market their products. For example, posting
your products over the internet like in social
media.
Society - The power of media and
information in our society is huge. Through
media, the society can easily get and
understand the information related to what
is happening.
Lesson 2
CURRENT AND FUTURE TRENDS OF MEDIA
AND INFORMATION
Wearable Techonologies - is also called
wearable gadgets is a category of
technology devices that can be worn by a
consumer and often include tracking
information related to health and fitness.
Smartwatch - is a wearable computing
device that closely resembles a wristwatch
or other time-keeping device. In addition to
telling time, many smartwatches are
Bluetooth-capable. The watch becomes, in
effect, a wireless Bluetooth adaptor capable
of extending the capabilities of the wearer’s
smartphone to the watch.
Fitness bands - interact via Bluetooth with
an app in a mobile device that configures
the device and downloads the wearer’s
activity data. Below are the list of the best
fitness tracker.
Smartphone - is a cellular telephone with
an integrated computer and other features
not originally associated with telephones,
such as an operating system, web browsing
and the ability to run software applications.
Has more advanced features, including web
browsing, software applications and a
mobile OS.
Cellphone - is simply a telephone that
doesn’t need a landline connection. It
enables the user to make and receive phone
calls. Some cellphones also offer text
messaging.
Smart glasses - may collect information
from internal or external sensors. It may
control or retrieve data from other
instruments or computers. It may support
wireless technologies like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi,
and GPS.
Fitness tracker - is the perfect way to
monitor your activity and health effortlessly
and with unmatched accuracy.
Heart Rate Monitoring Device - is a
technology that will calculate and monitor
your heart rate.
Misfit Phase Hybrid - counts steps and
calories burned, tracks sleep, and
periodically vibrates to prompt you to
move.
Fitbit Charge - calculates steps taken,
calories burned, elevation climbed, and
distance traveled, giving you a clear picture
of how much you’re moving every day.
FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES
5G Smart Phone and Network - 5G is the
fifth generation of cellular mobile
communications.
Avatars, Surrogates, Robotic - This is a
mechanical robot. It is having the
characteristics of a robot. They can do
things like humans.
Hologram - It is a pattern of interference
produced by a split coherent beam.
Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) - is
an online course that has open access and
interactive participation by means of the
Web. MOOCs provide participants with
course materials that are normally used in a
conventional education setting - such as
examples, lectures, videos, study materials
and problem sets.
Module 6, Lesson 1
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERATE
INDIVIDUAL
A media literate person can decode,
evaluate, analyze and produce both print
and electronic media.
Lesson 2
People Media
People as Media - These are individuals
who serve as channels of information
dissemination. Before, they make use of
writing essays, literature and news to create
artefacts.
Types of People as Media
Opinion Leaders - These are leaders of
particular groups of people in a community.
These are influential people that
communicate the messages they get from
the mainstream media or from higher
positions in an organization and conveyed
these messages to certain individuals,
especially those who can’t afford to directly
receive messages from the original source.
Citizen Journalism - People from different
age category and from the different walks
of life who are able to use modern
technology as means of communication like
sharing information from newsworthy
events to other people are considered to be
doing citizen journalism. Citizen Journalism
doesn’t need one to be professionally
trained journalist.
Ex: An advisory from the PHIVOLCS
Social Journalism - the use of technology
but with critical judgment on how it should
be manipulated. One product of technology
that create a massive impact to the society
are the different Social Media platforms
such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.
Ex: ABS-CBN
Crowdsourcing - Media platforms and high
technology gadgets, soliciting ideas,
recommendations and suggestions from
services, ideas, places, etc have come so
handy nowadays. People from the online
community make use of crowdsourcing to
obtain information from other media users.
Ex: wikipedia.org
People in Media - These are the people
who manipulate the media behind the lens
and pens. They use Text, Audio, Visual,
Multimedia, etc to spread information and
messages for the public.
Types of People in Media
Multimedia Journalists - They are the ones
who have abilities in accessing, evaluating
and producing information using several
forms of media. Mostly, they make use of
social networking sites to connect
to the masses for easy and wider
dissemination of their reliable news stories.
Print Journalists - These are people who
underwent training in journalism writing.
Equipped with the fundamental and
significant knowledge and strategies in
writing news and stories based from real
events in the community; written for the
people in the community. They generally
report in newspaper and magazine.
Broadcast Journalists - They are who we
often see on television, giving us updates on
the local, national and world events. They
are skilled not just in journalism but also in
public speaking.
Photojournalists - They are physically and
emotionally attached to their high-end
cameras which they use to capture
important scenes and events from the
surroundings which carry with it stories that
give impact to the society as a whole.
Module 7, Lesson 1
Text Information and Media
The Latin for fabric is “Textum”
Quintilian’s metaphor can now be observed
everywhere as we write and record our
words through texts in different platforms.
Texts are words in written, printed or on-
screen format. It is a very powerful tool for
communication and information.
TEXT - are words in written, printed or on-
screen format. It is a very powerful tool for
communication and information.
Typeface - or also known as font is a graphical
representation of text that can have different
sizes, colors, or designs. These characters can
be numbers, symbols, alphabets (both
lowercase and uppercase), and even
punctuation marks.
DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS OF TEXT
Emphasis – Use different size, weight, color,
contrast and orientation to present texts
with greater value.
Appropriateness – Using the right font,
content and tone of presentation based on
the target audience or event.
Space – Use space to create focus and
strategically make other texts stand-out.

Alignment –Use text alignment to set
symmetry, formality or free style.
Consistency –Use at least 2 or 3 colors, font
styles and design styles for the whole
composition or content.
Lesson 2
VISUAL INFORMATION AND MEDIA
Visual media - are images or frames of
images that we can construct and
reconstruct to give different meaning to it.
We can observe it with photographs,
videos, infographics comics,memes and
other objects that projects an image.
TYPES OF VISUAL INFORMATION
Facial Expression - We tend to analyze
emotions and actions of people by reading
facial and eye expressions.
Body Language: Postures and gestures can
mean more than words. We predict
people’s motives and emotions by reading
body language.
Color: Most of us give meaning to colors
based on preferences, culture, experiences
and human psychology. We might think that
color blue is a masculine color and symbol
of peace. Most companies prefer blue
because it represents trust but it also
means loneliness and mourning for other
cultures.
Environment: We observe the environment
we see and give interpretations of the
situation of the people in the environment.
Symbols: Hand gestures, icon, brand logos,
landmarks, emoji are some of the symbols
that we interpret every day.
Design Elements is the use of colors, space,
texture, and other components in an artistic
representation.
Space - Using the canvas, you can use some
spaces to creatively produce stunning and
clever designs. Use spaces to make a direct
message since it creates focus to other
elements making it stand out.
Lines - Use lines to guide the viewer’s focal
point and separate objects in your design.
Use straight lines for order and neatness,
wavy lines for more movement, and
zigzagged lines for tension or excitement.
Size - Use different sizes of your objects in
your design to show the relative importance
of objects and information.
Pattern - Designs with repeating objects like
lines and shapes forming patterns can be
aesthetically appealing giving a sense of
order to a design. Repetition is a crucial
element in branding design for consistency.
Textures - give designs a sense of realistic
effects. It can add tactility and depth.
However, use this technique in moderation
as it may overwhelm your design.
Colors - Different color sets the mood and
tone of your designs. Color have
psychological impact to us. It is very
important to understand the different
meanings of each common colors according
to human perception.
Design Principles describe the ways that
artists use of elements of art in a work of
art.
Focal Point - Make sure to make the
important objects of your design be
noticeable first by the viewer.
Contrast -can make your design more
visually appealing by making other objects
pop-out from other objects of your design.
Contrast maybe the difference of two
elements of your design like black and
white or thin and thick.
Balance - Always distribute the visual
weight of objects, colors, texture, and
space.
Rhythm - Using lines, you can direct the
viewers in your design. This includes
vertical, horizontal, and diagonal lines. Use
this technique to convey different motions
and emotions.
Perspective - Use this principle to provide
depth in your designs. This will give a better
view and allows the viewers to have
empathy to your message or subjects in the
image.
Unity - Using all the objects consistently or
cohesively in your design that it allows the
viewers to understand the message or story
of your image.
THE PSYCHOLOGY AND MEANING OF
COLORS
Red: Associated with passion, love and
desire. Increases respiration rate, raises
blood pressure and enhances metabolism.
Atrracts attention and signifies danger.
Brown: Associated with reliability and
dependability, people who are reserved and
not looking to attract attention from others.
Represents maturity, predictability and
dullness.
Orange: Associated with happiness,
enthusiasm, creativity, determination, and
stimulation.
Yellow: Associated with energy, intellect,
cheerfulness and stimulates mental activity.
Indicates honor, loyalty, and connected
with cowardice.
Blue: Associated with uniqueness,
authenticity, sympathetic, compassionate,
idealistic, spiritual and sincere. Known as
the color of peace, men and sadness.
Pink: Associated with gentle love,
tenderness, vulnerability and youth. Known
as the color for women.
Green: Associated with growth, harmony,
freshness, and fertility. Known as the color
of money, good health, calmness, and slows
human metabolism.
Purple: Associated with royalty, power,
nobility, luxury, ambition, wealth, wisdom,
dignity, creativity and magic.
White: Associated with purity, viginity, light,
goddes, perfection, safety, cleanliness, and
faith.
Black: Associated with power, elegance,
formality, death, evil, and mystery. The
symbol of grief.
Gray: Neutrality, wisdom, intelligence,
futuristic, stable, dignity and maturity. Lack
of confidence and energy, depression, and
boredom. Increases sence of sophictication
and calmness.
AUDIO INFORMATION AND MEDIA
Audio - relating to or employed in the
transmission, reception or reproduction of
sound.
Reception - the action or process of
receiving something sent, given, or inflicted.
Transmission – the action or process of
transmitting something or the state of being
transmitted.
DIFFERENT FORMS OF AUDIO WE CAN
PRODUCE AND RECORD.
Radio broadcast - live or recorded audio
sent through radio waves to reach a wide
audience.
Sound clips/effects - any sound, other than
music or speech, artificially reproduced to
create an effect in a dramatic presentation,
as the sound of a storm or a creaking door.
Sound recording - recording of an
interview, meeting, or any sound from the
environment.
Music - vocal and/or instrumental sounds
combined in such a way as to produce
beauty of form, harmony, and expression of
emotion. It is composed and performed for
many purposes, ranging from aesthetic
pleasure, religious or ceremonial purposes,
or as an entertainment product.
DIFFERENT WAYS OF STORING AUDIO MEDIA.
Tape - magnetic tape on which sound can
be recorded.
CD - a plastic-fabricated, circular medium
for recording, storing, and playing back
audio, video, and computer data.
USB drive - an external flash drive, small
enough to carry on a key ring, that can be
used with any computer that has a USB
port.
Memory Card - is a small storage medium
used to store data such as text, pictures,
audio, and video, for use on small, portable,
or remote computing devices.
Computer hard drive - secondary storage
devices found in personal computers and
can store audio files.
COMMON AUDIO FILE FORMATS.
MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer) - a common
format for consumer audio, as well as a
standard of digital audio compression for
the transfer and playback of music on most
digital audio players.
M4A/AAC (MPEG-4 Audio/Advanced Audio
Coding) - an audio coding standard for lossy
digital audio compression. Designed to be
the successor of the MP3 format, AAC
generally achieves better sound quality than
MP3 at similar bit rates.
WAV - is a Microsoft audio file format
standard for storing an audio bitstream on
PCs. It has become a standard file format
for game sounds, among others.
WMA (Windows Media Audio) - is an audio
data compression technology developed by
Microsoft and used with Windows Media
Player.
ELEMENTS OF SOUND DESIGN. THE
OBJECTS OR THINGS THAT WE HAVE TO
WORK WITH:
• Dialogue - speech, conversation, voice-
over.
• Waterfall - As first element fades out, the
second element begins at full volume.
Better for voice transitions, than for
• Sound Effects - any sound other than
music or dialogue.
• Music - vocal or instrumental sounds (or
both) combined in such a way as to produce
beauty of form, harmony, and expression of
emotion.
• Silence - absence of audio or sound.
PRINCIPLES OF SOUND DESIGN. THE
TECHNIQUES FOR COMBINING THE
DIFFERENT ELEMENTS OR OBJECTS.
• Mixing - the combination, balance and
control of multiple sound elements.
• Pace - Time control. Editing. Order of
events: linear, non-linear, or multilinear.
• Transitions - How you get from one
segment or element to another.
• Stereo Imaging - Using left and right
channel for depth
Lesson 4
MOTION INFORMATION AND MEDIA
Motion Picture - A series of images
projected on screen in rapid succession. The
slight change of positions and movements
of each image makes an illusion of motion.
These images are called frames. Most
motion media have 24 frames per second,
which means, in a video, they project 24
images in every 1 second. Today, most
motion picture are saved in digital format
called video.
MOTION PICTURE
Traditional Animation. A technique in
which each frame is individually drawn by
the artist or animator.
Computer Animation: The art of creating
animation using computer. It can be in a
form of (2d) two-dimensional or three-
dimensional (3d).
Stop Motion Animation: A technique used
to bring static objects create an illusion of
movement. Object like clay figures, puppets
and miniatures are often used by moving in
increments while filming each for 1 frame.
Film: A series of moving pictures that have
recorded and shown on screens. It is
recorded using a motion picture camera.
Combination of Visual Effects. Most of the
films today use computer generated
images (CGI) for special effects like
environment manipulation the and
character models.
CAMERA SHOTS
Extreme Long Shot. Also known as
Establishing Shot, it sets up the context for
a scene by showing large amount of
landscape to establish general setting.
Long Shot. May show landscape but focuses
on a specific setting where the action will
take place.
Full Shot. Shows the entire object or
character intended to place some
relationship between characters and
environment.
Mid-Shot. Also known as social shot, it
shows the character from the waist up to
let the viewers see the character’s facial
expressions in connection with other
characters or environment
Close-up. Also known as personal shot, it
shows only a character’s face for the
viewers to understand and empathize with
the character’s emotions.
Extreme Close-up. Shows and focuses on
one part of the character’s face or object to
create an intense mood of emotion.
CAMERA ANGLES
Bird’s Eye Angle. Usually used for
establishing shot, it is an angle that looks
down on a scene.
High Angle. Used to demonstrate to the
viewers the perspective of a character. By
making the camera to look down on a
character, the subject may look vulnerable,
small or weak.
Eye-level Angle. The most commonly used
camera angle, it makes the viewers
comfortable with the characters.
Low Angle. The camera is looking up to the
character, this makes the character look
more powerful and may make the audience
feel vulnerable or small in the presence of
that character.
Dutch Angle. Tilts the camera to disorient
the viewers. This effect is used to
demonstrate confusion or strange scenes.
Script - Also known as screenplay, is the
text that describes the action, scenes,
camera instructions and words to be spoken
by the actors.
Story Board - It describes what happens in
your video by making thumbnail of images.
It usually looks like a comic strip. While
scripts use texts, storyboards are mainly
visual. Making story boards before filming
helps you to plan more effectively, finalize
your ideas and predict possible problems
during production.
INTERACTIVE MEDIA
Interactive Media - allows users to interact
with text, graphics, sound, and video; each
of which can be accessed from within any of
the others. It engages the user and interacts
with the user.
Hypertext - a software system that links
topics on the screen to related information
and graphics, which are typically accessed
by a point-and click method.
World Wide Web - abbreviated as WWW or
known simply as the web. It is an
information space where documents and
other web sources are identified by Uniform
Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by
hypertext links, and can be accessed via the
internet.
Website - A location connected to the internet
that maintains one or more pages on the World
Wide Web.
PLATFORMS OF INTERACTIVE MEDIA
Mobile Apps or Mobile Applications is a
software developed specifically for use on
small, wireless computingdevices such as
smartphones and tablets, rather than
desktop or laptop computers.
3DTV - a television display technology that
enables a three-dimensional effect, so that
viewers perceive that an images has depth
as well as height and width, Similar to
objects in the real world.
Video Games - a game played
electronically; manipulating images
produced by a computer program on a
television screen or any other display
screen. It could be educational such as
Bookworm, or Multiplayer that allows two
or more players to play with one another or
together.
Role-Playing Game – or RPG is a game in
which players assume the roles of
characters in a fictional setting. The players
take responsibility for acting out these roles
within a narrative, either through literal
acting or through a process of structured
decision-making or character development.
Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing
Game – or MMORPG is any story-driven
online video game in which a player, taking
on the persona of a character in a virtual
world, interacts with a large number of
other players.
Interactive Websites – these are websites
that let users take on a pool, survey, exams,
exercises or even allow online social
interaction such as social media sites (e.g.
Facebook, Twitter, etc.).
Virtual Reality and Immersive
Environments – the computergenerated
simulation of a threedimensional image or
environment that can be interacted with in
a seemingly real or physical way by a person
using special electronic equipment, such as
a helmet with a screen inside or gloves
fitted with sensors.
PowerPoint presentations – may contain
links, hypertexts, images, sound, graphics,
or other multimedia elements.
Interactive smart boards – allows the
teacher and the students to have physical
interaction with the subject matter using
this format.
Computer software – allows users to
interact with text, graphics, sound and
video, each of which can be accessed from
within any of the others
Interactivity is the communication process
that takes place between humans and the
different dimensions of interactive media.
The most common types of interactivity
include:
a. Click – the action where the user uses the
left mouse button or the right button.
Example is when you click the like button.
b. Hotspot – a special region to act as a
trigger to another web page or site. It could
be a circle, triangle, rectangle, or polygon.
c. Slideshow – a non-linear interactive
slideshow where the pathway through the
shows determined by the user’s interaction
with it.
Dynamic Media ― also known as non-linear
media, refers to contents that provides
interactivity with its users. Websites can be
a static media or dynamic media but most
known websites today such as Facebook
and Youtube are good examples of dynamic
media because these websites provide the
users to contribute to the site’s contents
through posting, comments, uploading
pictures and videos, which leads to dynamic
contents to the media.

d. Timeline – a menu slide that branches to

different events.

e. Hover – an image, text, or portion of it

that changes in appearance when the
mouse cursor moves over it.

Educational games are games that are

designed to help people to learn about
certain subjects, expand concepts, reinforce
development, understand historical events
or culture, or assist them in learning a skill
as they play.

Hypermedia is a system in which various

forms of information, as data, text,
graphics,video, and audio, are linked
together by a hypertext program.

Multimedia is form with the combination of

any of these content forms: Text, Audio,
Still Images, Animation, Video Footage, and
Interactive Media.

Static Media ― also known as linear media,

refers to contents that lacks interactivity.
Common examples are books and
newspapers, these multimedia may have
texts and pictures but the readers are
unable to control its contents or no
observable timely updates or changes.