The state's capital and most populous city, as well as its cultural and financial center, is Boston.

Other major cities are Worcester, Springfield and Cambridge. Massachusetts is also home to
the urban core of Greater Boston, the largest metropolitan area in New England and a region
profoundly influential upon American history, academia, and the research economy.[43] Originally
dependent on agriculture, fishing, and trade,[44] Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing
center during the Industrial Revolution.[45] During the 20th century, the state's economy shifted from
manufacturing to services;[46] and in the 21st century, Massachusetts has become the global leader
in biotechnology,[47] and also excels in artificial intelligence,[48] engineering, higher education, finance,
and maritime trade.[49]