LEARNING MODALITY: FACE TO FACE

School NAIC WEST POINT COLLEGE Grade Level 12

LESSON
EXEMPLA Teacher JENNIFER L MENDOZA Learning Area ENGLISH
R
Teaching Date and Time -------/ 2 DAYS Quarter -

I. OBJECTIVES At the end of the session the learners are expected to:

a) identify the various elements of fiction

b) Write a literary work using different elements of fiction

c) Appreciate the

1. Content Standards The learner demonstrates understanding of: definition of fiction, and
determine the parts of the plot and its different types.
2. Performance The learner transfers learning by writing a literary piece consisting elements
Standards of fiction.
3. Learning Analyze the definition of fiction and how a plot is organized and written.
Competencies/
Objectives
II. CONTENT Elements of Fiction

A. References

a. Learner’s Material Pages

b. Textbook Pages

c. Additional Materials from

Learning Resources
Creative Writing Book

B. List of Learning Resources

for Development
Power point presentation

Method/Approach in Teaching Collaborative Approach TDAR

IV.PROCEDURES

A. Introduction
Preliminaries
A. ROUTINARY ACTIVITIES
 Prayer
 Checking of classroom condition
 Greetings
B. Development
What’s In?

Lets’ have a game.

Can You Guess What Happens Next?
Instruction:
Here is a fun "Can You Guess What Happens Next?" quiz that we have made for you. In this

quiz, we will give you a situation or a very short incomplete story in every question, and then

we'll ask you what happens next in that situation. You have to pick the right option that is most

probably to happen according to the given information in the question. Let us see how many

you get right!

What’s New?

Transition to the Lesson.

Literature comes in three genres: prose, poetry, and drama. For

this particular module, the focus will be on fiction.

As the word implies, fiction refers to a body of literary work that

focuses on events that are not real, and although these were created
by the writer’s imagination, attention is given to make them relatable to
readers.

The literary arts come in three groups –prose, poetry, and

drama –and creative writing helps us distinguish the two. The previous
modules dealt extensively on poetry to distinguish it from prose –a
body of literature that is both narrative in style and declarative in form.
Prose is further classified as fiction and nonfiction. Fiction consists of
works that are based on fabricated events and experiences, as
opposed to the factual nature of nonfiction.

Fiction is divided into the short and long type, obviously based
on their differences in length and word count. Long fiction is also
known as the novel, while short fiction, though popularly named as
short story, can also be a novella, novelette or flash fiction.

Fiction contains certain symbolic and thematic features known

as “literary merits.” In other words, fiction narrates a story, which aims
at commenting on something significant related to social, political, or
human related issues.

ELEMENTS OF FICTION

1. Plot. How the author arranges event to develop the basic idea.
Also known as the structure or framework of the story, or the
sequence or timeline of events as they transpire, the plot comes
in five parts: (1) introduction, (2) inflation (or rising action), (3)
climax, (4) deflation (or falling action) and (5) resolution (or
denouement).
In Aspects of the Novel, Edward Morgan Foster defined story as
“the chronological telling of events,” and the plot as “the cause-and-
effect arrangement.”

He gave the now famous examples:

 The king died and then the queen died.

 The king died and then the queen died of grief.
The first is a story because it tells a series of events in their
chronological order, while the second is a plot because it tells a series
of events in causal and logical structure that connects the events to
reveal their dramatic, thematic, and emotional significance.

Dramatic Structure

Aristotle, in his Poetics said that a whole is what has a

beginning, middle and end---- or technically, the protasis, epitasis, and
catastrophe. He simply means that a traditional plot structure must
have situation, conflict, and resolution. He spoke about dramatic works
like plays, of course, but people have been applying his principle to
stories as well.

German novelist and playwright Gustav Freytag made the so-

called Freytag’s Pyramid which says the plot of the story must consist
of five parts: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and
resolution/revelation (also known as denouement or catastrophe).

a. Exposition (introduction) – Beginning of the story: characters,

background, and setting revealed.

b. Rising Action – events in the story become complicated; the

conflict is revealed. These are events between the introduction
and climax.
 Conflict. Any form of struggle the main character faces. Conflict
is the heart of fiction. It can either be internal or external.
Internal conflict suggests that the main character is facing a
dilemma or needs to choose between two options of equal
weight and consequences.

a. Man against man Conflict (man vs. man) wherein the

characters are fighting against each other.

b. Man against society conflict (man vs. society) - wherein

the character stands up against man-made institutions
and social rules, and is forced to make moral choices.

c. Man against nature conflict (man vs. nature) – wherein

the character is fighting against the animal or the forces of
nature such as storm or even the sea.
 d. Man against self conflict – wherein the struggle is
internal, and the character must overcome his or her own
nature and make a choice between two or more paths.

You may also add such conflicts as man vs. time, man vs. the
unknown, man against machine or technology, man against fate,
man against the supernatural and even man against God.

c. Climax- Turning point of the story. Readers wonders what will

happen next; will the conflict resolved or not? Consider the
climax as a three-fold phenomenon:

 Main character receives new information.

 Main character accepts this information (realizes it but
does not necessarily agree with it.)
 Main character acts on this information (makes a choice
that will determine whether or not objective is met.)

d. Falling Action- Resolution begins; events and complications

start to fall into place. These are the events between climax
and denouement.

e. Resolution (Conclusion) – Final outcome of events in the

story.

The setting (either place setting or time setting) of the story is

made known in the introduction. The main characters are also
introduced here. The conflict begins to reveal in the inflation. The
highest point of fiction is the climax, which is followed by the deflation
where a solution to the conflict begins to happen. The conclusion of
the story is called the resolution.

Types of Plot

a. Linear Plots – events are constructed logically and not by

coincidence.

b. Episodic Plots – short events (or episodes) are linked to one

another by common characters, places, or a unified theme but
held apart by their individual plot, purpose, and subtext.

c. Cumulative Plots – events are repeated with one new aspect

added with each repetition.

d. Circular Plots – characters in the story end up in the same

place (or at least, a similar place) that they were at the
beginning of the story.

e. Plot less Plots – narratives are written without traditionally

recognizable plots and yet still evoke in you a feeling that you
are going somewhere when you read them.

2. Setting. Time and location that a story takes place. For some
stories, the setting is very important: while for others, it is not.
When examining how setting contributes to a story, there are
multiple aspects to consider:
 a. Place - Geographical location; where is the action of the
action of the story taking place.

b. Time – Historical period, time of day, year, etc.; when is

the story taking place.

c. Weather Conditions – rainy, sunny, stormy

d. Social Conditions – the daily life of the character. Does

the story contain local colour (writing that focuses on the
speech, dress, mannerisms, customs, etc. of a particular
place?

e. Mood or Atmosphere – feeling created at the beginning

of the story.

3. Character/Characterization. The primary source of action and

dialogue in a work of fiction are its characters. How these
characters are revealed or detailed to the readers/audience is
called characterization. The main or major character is also
known as the protagonist because the conflict revolves around
him or her. The source of this conflict is the antagonist. A special
type of character is the antihero, who initiates conflict in the story
but also happens to be its main character.
In terms of prominence, a character may be main/major,
supporting, participant (has one or two lines) or mentioned (has no
lines but is mentioned). A major character is usually given much
development, more conflicts to resolve, more background story and
usually more action; a minor character usually serves a certain
purpose to move a plot, but is not developed and explored as major
character.

In terms of development, a character may be described as

static (there is no change that occurs in the role/portrayal) or dynamic
(there is change).

A character’s description in a story can be termed as round

(complex) or flat (simple). The former involves details of a
character’s past or attitude/behaviour and have the capacity to surprise
you in a convincing and even inevitable way. They are richer, deeper,
more complex, more mysterious and more unpredictable than flat
characters. A flat character is only described through physical features
and they are usually constructed around a single idea or quality.

Frye’s Mode of Fiction (Herman Northrop Frye)

1. Myth – a story mode where the hero is a divine being with an

inability that is superior in “kind” to other people and to the
 environment of other people.

2. Romance – a story mode where the hero has marvellous

actions, but who is identified as a human being with an ability
superior in “degree” to other people and to his environment.

3. High Mimetic- a story mode where the hero is a leader with an

inability superior in degree to other people “but no to his
environment”. The hero has authority, passions and power of
expression far greater than others, but what he does is subject
both social criticisms and order of nature.

4. Low Mimetic – a story mode where the hero is one of us, with
an ability that is superior “neither” to other people nor the
environment.

5. Ironic- a story mode where the hero has an ability or

intelligence “inferior” to ours so we often have a sense of
looking down on a scene of bondage, frustration, or absurdity.

4. Narration/Point of View. Narration is the voice that guides the

reader throughout the progress or flow of a story. Point of View
(POV), or perspective, is the angle, the perception, the position
that you take to tell your story. It answers the question, “Who is
telling the story?”

a. First Person POV – wherein the story is told by the narrator

from his or point of view. Story told by the protagonist or a
character who interacts closely with the protagonist or other
characters. The speaker uses the pronouns “I”, “me”, “we”.
Readers experience the story through this person’s eyes and
only knows what he/she knows and feels.

The first person POC can still be divided into two

angles:
1. Objective First Person- wherein the story is narrated by a
fictional charter who plays a minor part in the story or isn’t
present at all.

2. Subjective First Person - wherein the first person narrator

is the main character or one of the main characters in the
story.

b. Second Person POV – Story told by a narrator who

addresses the reader or some other assumed “you”. Speaker
uses pronouns “you”, “your”, and “yours”.

c. Third Person POV – wherein the narrator does not appear in

the events of the story, but rather tells the story by referring to
all characters and places in the third person using “he”, “she”,
“it”, “they”, “his”, “hers”, “its”, and “theirs”. Story told by a
narrator who sees all of the action.

The third person POV can also be classified into three

 perspectives:

1. Omniscient third person

A narrator can be omniscient, meaning the thoughts
and memories of a character or characters are presented to the
readers. God-like, the narrator knows and sees everything, and
can move from one character’s mind to another. Authors can
be omniscient narrators by moving from character to character,
event to event, and introducing information at their discretion.
There are two types of omniscient POV:

a. Innocent Eye/Naïve Narrator – Story told through

child’s eye; narrator’s judgment is different from that
of an adult.

b. Stream of Consciousness – Story told so readers

solely experience a character’s thoughts and
reactions.

2. Limited /Objective third person- wherein the narration

simply describes what the characters do and say without
giving the readers access to their thoughts. Readers see
what the narrator sees.

3. Close third person – wherein the narration uses third

persons pronouns, and like the omniscient, it gets inside
the minds of the characters, but the whole story is
generally told from the point of view of only one character.

5. Theme. Central message, “moral of the story”, and underlying

meaning of a fictional piece; may be the author’s thoughts on the topic
or view of human nature.

a. Story’s title usually emphasizes what the author is saying.

b. Various figures of speech may be utilized to highlight the
theme.
c. Examples of common themes occurring in literature, on
television, and in film are:
 Things are not always as they appear to be.
 Love is blind.
 Believe in yourself.
 People are afraid of change.
 Don’t judge a book by its cover.
C. Engagement
What’s More?
Collaborative:
TDAR
THINK-Analyze the given task.
DISCUSS- Share your answers in a creative way.
ACT- Perform the task using the given rubrics
REFLECT- Assess the work of another group.

Differentiated Instructions: Write a short story about your favorite teacher.

Criteria for Short Story:

 Word Choice Short Story is creative and original. It is 10
and evident that the poet put thought into their
Creativity words and uniquely conveyed their ideas and
emotions.
Form The short story follows the structure of plot. 10

Grammar Work is completely free of spelling and 10

and grammar errors.
Spelling

D. Assimilation
Generalization

What I have learned:

Today I have learned that propaganda is ___________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

I have also learned that propaganda has different types of techniques such as
____________________________________________________________.

I have understood that words and expressions play an important role in a propaganda
because ____________________________________________.

Therefore, I commit _________________________________________________

Assessment
Post-Assessment: Elements of Fiction

A. Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. The main element of fiction.

a. character c. conflict
b. climax d. catharsis

2. The structure/framework of fiction.

a. narration c. theme
b. plot d. summary

3. A type of narration that presents the thoughts of a character to the

audience/reader.
a. objective c. omniscient
b. omnipresent d. operative
4. The part of the plot where the solution to the conflict is revealed.
a. introduction c. deflation
b. inflation d. resolution

5. The part of the plot where the setting is identified.

a. exposition c. falling action
b. rising action d. resolution

6. The part of the plot where the conflict is introduced.

a. exposition c. falling action
b. rising action d. resolution

7. The part of the plot that is also known as denouement.

a. exposition c. falling action
b. rising action d. resolution

8. It is the also termed as the “timeline” or “sequence” of narration in a

story.
a. plot c. prosody
b. prose d. plough

9. The highest point of a story.

a. climax c. inflation
b. deflation d. resolution

10. At this stage of the story, the conflict is starting to get resolved.
a. climax c. inflation
b. deflation d. resolution

11. The type of narration limited to the actions and movements of the
characters.
a. objective c. omnipresent
b. omniscient d. operative

12. The narrator being the protagonist will have which of the following
point of view?
a. first person c. third person
b. second person d. fourth person

13. If the narrator is giving orders or commands, the point of view is

most likely?
a. first person c. third person
b. second person d. fourth person

14. A “rags-to-riches” story will have this type of character

development. a. dynamic c. round
b. flat d. static

15. The character’s physical qualities are the only information

presented by the narrator.
a. dynamic c. round
b. flat d. static
 V.REFLECTION I am happy that I have learned about
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________

I can use this knowledge in

_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________

Prepared by:

JENNIFER L MENDOZA
Practice Teacher