MODULE 2: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

AND THE ROLE IN NATION BUILDING

ROEL L. FUCIO
INSTRUCTOR 3
 LESSON 1. DEFINITION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Definition of Science Definition of Technology

1. Science is a “PROCESS” 1. Technology is a “PROCESS”
2. Science is a “PRODUCT” 2. Technology is a “PRODUCT”
 SCIENCE IS A “PROCESS”
• Concerned with discovering relationships between observable
phenomena in terms of theories.
• Systematized theoretical inquiries.
• It seeks for truth about nature.
• It is determined by observation, hypothesis, measurement, analysis
and experimentation
 SCIENCE IS A “PROCESS”
• It is the description and explanation of the development of
knowledge
• It is the study of the beginning and end of everything that exist.
• Conceptualization of new ideas, from the abstract to the particular.
• Kind of human cultural activity.
SCIENCE IS A “PRODUCT”
• Systematized, organized body of knowledge based on facts or truths observations.
• A set of logical and empirical methods which provide for the systematic observation of
empirical phenomena.
• Source of cognitive authority.
• Concerned with verifiable concepts
• A product of the mind
• It is the variety of knowledge, people, skills, organizations, facilities, techniques,
physical resources, methods and technologies that taken together and in relation with
one another.
 TECHNOLOGY IS A “PROCESS”
• It is the application of science.
• The practice, description, and terminology of applied sciences.
• The intelligent organization and manipulation of materials for
useful purposes.
• The means employed to provide for human needs and wants.
• Focused on inventing new or better tools and materials or new
and better ways of doing things.
 TECHNOLOGY IS A “PROCESS”
• A way of using findings of science to produce new things for a
better way of living.
• Search for concrete solutions that work and give wanted results.
• It is characteristically calculative and imitative, tends to be
dangerously manipulative.
• Form of human cultural activity.
 TECHNOLOGY IS A “PRODUCT”
• A system of know-how, skills, techniques and processes.
• It is like a language, rituals, values, commerce and arts, it is an intrinsic
part of a cultural system and it both shapes and reflects the system
values.
• It is the product of the scientific concept.
• The complex combination of knowledge, materials and methods.
• Material products of human making or fabrication.
• Total societal enterprise.
DEFINITIONS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

• A field of endeavor upon which a two-way interaction

operates between science and technology.
• Interdependent and overlapping methods which employ
both existing knowledge and existing know-how.
DEFINITIONS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
• A system of know-how, skills, techniques and processes which
enable society to produce, distribute, install, maintain or improve
goods and services needed to satisfy human needs.
• Is an interdisciplinary field of study that seeks to explore and
understand the many ways that modern science and technology
shape modern culture, values and institutions, and how modern
values shape science and technology.
PURPOSES OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
• To improve quality of human condition.
• To provide solution to our practical problems.
• To establish relevant institutional linkages and essential
mechanisms
• To develop individual knowledge.
• To find order in the chaos of nature and deliver personal and
social liberation.
PURPOSES OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
• To give an information and explanation of the natural world.
• To develop new areas of knowledge.
• To combat irrationality.
• To maintain the availability of natural resources.
LIMITATIONS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
• Epistemological concerns. It cannot help us with questions about the God, the
ultimate Good, and Truth. It cannot deny nor confirm the existence of God, soul,
heaven and other uncertainties.
• Metaphysical concerns. Immaterial and transcendental nature is beyond the
grasp of scientific inquiry. It cannot speak to issues of ultimate origin, meaning,
or morality.
• Axiological concerns. It cannot answer questions about value.
• Dependent on the values and personal beliefs of those who use it.
• Use of natural resources that are being used in science and technology are
limited
LIMITATIONS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
• Data is limited to the physically observable.
• Ultimately rest on past observations
• Not all of its principles are applicable to different world phenomena.
• Needs human intervention to carry out its functions properly
• It can predict forces of nature but it cannot prevent the prevent the
prevalence/occurrence
• Cannot guarantee an ultimate solution to any specific problem.
• Cannot fully explain what is in the mind of a person
LESSON 2. IMPORTANCE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
• One of the most important aspects of Science and Technology is that it has
solution to the difficult of the difficult problems, the problems which have
the potential to become major bottlenecks to the overall growth of the
country. Some of these problems could be:
 Health Aspects
 Standard of Education
 Availability of healthy food and safe drinking water
 Infrastructure
LESSON 2. IMPORTANCE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
• On the other hand, once mitigating  Development of Nuclear
solutions are found for these Technology
problems, then the second major issue  Defense Technology
is the under-development in the field  Development of Satellites
of scientific research and technology
 Biotechnology
that directly affects the development
of the country’s economy,  Meteorological Science
infrastructure, higher education, and a  Space Technology
few other fields listed:  Nanotechnology
 Wireless Communication, etc.
 LESSON 3. THE ROLE OF S & T IN NATION BUILDING
• Development at any phase is always linked with technology happens when there
is advancement in science. Hence science, technology and development are all
proportional to each other.
• Development is required in every individual to every nation in all aspects and
for development to happen, science and technology go hand in hand.
• The role that science and technology has played in improving the life conditions
across the globe is vivid, but the benefit has to been harvested maximum by all
countries. Science and technology has made life a lot easier and also a lot
better with the advancement of medicines and analysis on diseases.
LESSON 4. GOVERNMENT LAWS, POLICIES PERTAINING
TO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of Science and Technology functions (Department of Science and Technology
 Formulate and adopt a comprehensive National Science and Technology Plan, and
monitor and coordinate its funding and implementation.
 Promote, assist and where appropriate, undertake scientific and technological research
and development in areas identified as vital to the country’s development.
 Promote development of indigenous technology and the adaptation and innovation of
suitable imported technology, and in this regard, undertake technology development up
to commercial stage.
 Undertake design and engineering works to complement research and development
functions.
 Promote, assist and where appropriate, undertake the technological
services needed by agriculture, industry, transport, and the general public.
 Develop and maintain an information system and databank on science
and technology.
 Develop and implement programs for strengthening scientific and
technological capabilities through manpower training, infrastructure and
institution-building.
 Promote public consciousness in science and technology.
 Undertake policy research, technology assessment, feasibility and
technical studies.
 GOVERNMENT LAWS
RA 2067 – “Science Act of 1958”
 An act to integrate, coordinate, and intensify scientific and technological research and
development and to foster invention; to provide funds therefor; and for other purposes.

RA 10055 – “Philippine Technology Transfer Act of 2009”

An act providing the framework and support system for the ownership, management, use,
and commercialization of intellectual property generated from research and development
funded by government and for other purposes.
Objective:
This Act aims to. promote and facilitate the transfer, dissemination, and effective use,
management, and commercialization of intellectual property, technology and knowledge
resulting from R&D funded by the government for the benefit of national economy
 GOVERNMENT LAWS
RA 10612 – “Fast-Tracked S&T Scholarship Act of 2013”
An act expanding the coverage of the science and technology scholarship program
and strengthening the teaching of science and mathematics is secondary schools and for
other purposes.
Objective:
To carry out the measure, this Act shall strengthen the country’s science and technology
education by fast tracking graduates in the sciences, mathematics, and engineering who
shall teach science and mathematics subjects in secondary schools throughout the
country. Towards this end, scholarship shall provide to finance the education of talented
and deserving students in their third year of college, and pursuing a degree or training
in the areas of science and technology, and to provide incentives for them to pursue a
career in teaching in high schools especially in their home regions.
 GOVERNMENT LAWS
RA 10535 – “The Philippine Standard Time (PST) Act of 2013”
 An act to set the Philippine Standard Time (PST) in all official sources throughout
the country, to provide funds for the installation, operation and maintenance of
synchronized time devices to be displayed in key public places and to declare the
first week of every year as national time consciousness week.

RA 8439 – “Magna Carta For Scientists, Engineers, Researchers And Other S & T’s
Personnel In Government”
 An act providing a magna carta for scientist, engineers, researchers and other
science and technology personnel in government.
LESSON 5. FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE

Ramon Cabanos Barba

 Known for inventing a way to
induce more flowers in mango
trees using ethereal and
potassium nitrate.
 Proclaimed a National Scientist
of the Philippines in June 2014.
LESSON 5. FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE

Josefino Cacas Comiso

For his works on observing the
characteristics of Antarctica by
using satellite images.
LESSON 5. FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE

Jose Bejar Cruz Jr.

 Known internationally in the field
of electrical engineering.
LESSON 5. FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE

Lourdes Jansuy Cruz

 Notable for her research on sea
snail venom.
 Known as the Sea Snail Venom
Specialist
LESSON 5. FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE

Fabian Millar Dayrit

 Known for his research herbal
medicine.
LESSON 5. FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE

Rafael Dineros Guerrero III

 Known for his research on tilapia
culture
LESSON 5. FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE

Enrique Mapua Ostrea Jr.

Known for inventing the meconium
drugs testing.
LESSON 5. FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE

Lilian Formalejo Pateña

A scientist who discovered a breed
of calamansi and seedless pomelo.
Discovered micro propagation which
established the banana industry in
the Philippines.
Inventor of leaf-bud cutting cassava.
LESSON 5. FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE

Mari-Jo Panganiban Ruiz

Known for being an outstanding
educator and graph theorist.
LESSON 5. FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE

Gregory Ligot Tangonan

 Known for his research in the
field of communications
technology.
LESSON 5. FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE

Caesar A. Saloma
An internationally renowned
physicist
LESSON 5. FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE

Edgardo Gomez
 Recognized for his outstanding contributions
and researches on marine ecosystems which
became the bases for management of and
the conservation programs for the country’s
marine resources.
 Named as a National Scientist of the
Philippines in 2014.
LESSON 5. FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE

William Padolina
 For his significant contributions in the field
of natural products chemistry, coconut
chemistry, biotechnology and in
management of research and
development.
 President of National Academy of
Science and Technology (NAST)-
Philippines
LESSON 5. FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE

Angel Alcala
Known for his field work to build
sanctuaries and to promote biodiversity
in the aquatic ecosystems.
Named as a National Scientist of the
Philippines in 2014.
LESSON 6. LATEST INNOVATIONS IN SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
1. Nanosatellites
• After launching the cube satellites made by the University of the Philippines
engineering graduates, DOST’s Advanced Science and Technology Institute is now also
working on two more locally-built Nanosatellites. The two improved versions will be
sent into space during the last quarter of the year.
2. Biomedical Devices
• Among the Biomedical devices is the Lab in Mug, a faster and cheaper diagnostic test
kit for dengue and other possible virus infections like the Covid 19 developed by Dr.
Raul Destura with the full backing of DOST.
3. Ginhawa (ReliefVent)
• The DOST, together with UP specialists and biomedical technicians are developing a
cost-efficient ventilator that can be used for both children and adults.
4. RxBox
• A portable device that remotely captures medical signals and transmits information to
hospitals. Funded by DOST and developed by researchers at the Electrical and Electronics
Engineering Institute, and the U.P. National Institute of Physics from the University of the
Philippines in Diliman, and the National Telehealth Center.

5. Anti-Dengue Medicine
• The world’s first Anti-Dengue Medicine in the world is now on its final testing stage after
being developed by the team of Dr. Rita Grace Y. Alvero and lead researchers from
Pharmalytics and De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute. The dengue research
was part of the DOST’s Tuklas Lunas Program to produce reliable and affordable
medicines sourced from the country’s rich biodiversity.
6. Agriculture Machinery
• A 12-horse power single-cylinder diesel engine that is strong and reliable enough to
provide power to different agricultural types of machinery being used by local farmers is
being developed by DOST’s Metal Industry Research and Development Center in
partnership with Supercast Foundry and Machinery Corp., Bacolod City-based R.U.
Foundry and Machine Shop Corp. (RUFMSC).
7. Elevated Train
• Automated Guideway Transit, an Elevated Train System, formerly housed at the U.P. is now
being utilized by the Bataan Peninsula State University for its engineering programs.
8. ULAT
• Understanding Lightning and Thunderstorms for Extreme Weather and Monitoring and
Information Sharing or ULAT was also presented.
9. Nutrition
• A comprehensive program on nutrition, a partnership between the DOST-Food and
Nutrition Research Institute’s NuGen Lab, is also in development.
10. Coconuts
• There will also be a Nationwide Tissue-Cultured Coconut Planting Day, a coconut
propagation program with the Philippine Coconut Authority’s Coconut Somatic
Embryogenesis Technology.
11. Hybrid Trimaran
• Anticipated is the maiden voyage of an environment-friendly Hybrid Trimaran
being built in a shipyard in Aklan through the Philippine Council for Industry,
Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development, Aklan State
University, Metallica Shipyard, and Marina.
12. Book Series
• The National Research Council of the Philippines a “Science for the People” book
series, on the successes, experiences, and impacts of scientists, doctors, engineers,
and entrepreneurs, will be launched this year.
13. DOST Facilities
• Several DOST facilities are lined up to start offering services this year including
the country’s first fully Automated Gamma Irradiation Facility and the Philippine
Textile Research Institute’s Regional Yarn Production and Innovation Center.
14. Bamboo
• Watch out for the concert using enhanced Bamboo Musical Instruments.
15. Laboratories
• Several laboratories are in the works, including metrology laboratories in
chemistry and biology, and the Tissue-Culture Laboratory for ornamental plants in
Bulacan.
16. Testing Facilities
• The construction of Testing and Simulation Facilities for packaging testing and
green packaging laboratories, and a modular multi-industry innovation facility to
improve the competitiveness of businesses are already in the works.
17. Handa Pilipinas
• The Exposition and Innovations in Disaster Risk Reduction and Response Expo will
be held in March 2020.
18. Visayas Genome Center
• The establishment of the Philippine Genome Center in the Visayas by the Philippine
Council for Health Research and Development. These science centers will showcase
interactive exhibits to educate students about science, technology, and their benefits.
19. Science Discovery
• For students, there are the Regional Science Discovery Centers that will be set up in
Cagayan Valley, Butuan City, Davao City, Legaspi City, and Pasig City. These science
centers will showcase interactive exhibits to educate students about science, technology,
and their benefits.
20. Smart Cities
• DOST is also on board with the Smart Cities Program that will formulate a so-called
Smart Index to capture data on the interaction between people, land, transportation
system and economic activities.