AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
is an unsaturated cyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbon
Simplest Aromatic Hydrocarbon
Benzene
Aromatic Ring System
Three Conventional = ?
Delocalized = ?
hydrocarbon that does not readily
undergo addition reactions.
Benzene
Flat, symmetrical molecule with
molecular formula of C₆H₆
Three (3) Double Bonds are
present
“Circle-in-the-ring”
Circle denotes the electrons
associated with the double
bonds that move “around” the
ring.
Localized
two C—C bonds and one C
—H bond
Circle
Involves all six carbon
atoms
Functional group of aromatic
compounds ?
Nomenclature of Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
Benzene Derivatives with One
Substituent
Monosubstituted benzene structures
are often drawn?
Monosubstituted benzene rings that
have group will become?
Monosubstituted Benzene when there
is one methyl
Aromatic Ring System
Replacement of one or more of the
hydrogen atoms on benzene with
other groups produces benzene
derivatives
Alkyl Groups / Halogen Atoms
The IUPAC system of naming
monosubstituted benzene derivatives
uses the name of the substituent as
a prefix to the name benzene.
12 o’clock Position
(Recommended / Often use
only )
However, because all the
hydrogen atoms in benzene are
equivalent, it does not matter at
which carbon of the ring the
substituted group is located
Substituent and the group will be
called as “phenyl group”
Benzene becomes substituent of
the group (Reversed Approach)
Toluene
Monosubstituted Benzene when there Styrene
is Vinyl (-CH=CH2)

When two substituents, either the

same or different, are attached to a
benzene ring, three isomeric
Benzene Derivatives with Two structures are possible.
Substituents
1,2
1.3
1,4

1,2 distribution Ortho

1,3 distribution Meta

1,4 distribution Para

good solvents for grease and oil and

are used for cleaning microscope
Xylene
slide and optical lenses and for
removing wax from skis.

They are insoluble in water, are good

Physical Properties of Aromatic solvents for other nonpolar
Hydrocarbons materials, and are less dense than
water.

Benzene turns liquid at what

Room Temperature
temperature?

Before / Main Source of Aromatic

Coal Tar
Hydrocarbons

Present / Main Source of Aromatic

Petroleum ( Fossilized Algae )
Hydrocarbons
 Substitution Reaction
Chemical Reactions of Aromatic
Alkylation
Hydrocarbons
Halogenation

characterized by different atoms or

groups of atoms replacing
Substitution Reaction
hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon
molecule.

An alkyl group (R—) from an alkyl

Alkylation chloride (R—Cl) substitutes for a
hydrogen atom on the benzene ring.

Most important industrial reaction of

Alkylation
benzene.

Alkylation / Catalyst / AlCl₃ (Aluminum Chloride)

A hydrogen atom on a benzene ring

can be replaced by bromine or
Halogenation
chlorine if benzene is treated with Br2
or Cl2 in the presence of a catalyst.

Bromination = FeBr₃ (Iron

Bromide)
Halogenation / Catalyst /
Chlorination = FeCl₃ (Iron
Chloride)

is an aromatic hydrocarbon
whose structure contains two or
more rings fused together.
Two carbon rings that share a
pair of carbon atoms are said to
 Fused-Ring Aromatic Hydrocarbons be fused.
often formed when
hydrocarbon materials are
heated to high temperatures.

Naphthalene
Anthracene
Three Simplest Fused-Ring
Phenanthrene
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Solid at Room
Temperatures

A number of fused-ring aromatic

hydrocarbons are known to be Carcinogens
________?

1,2-Benzanthracene
Fused-Ring Aromatic Hydrocarbons /
1,2,5,6- Dibenzanthracene
Carcinogenic /
3,4-Benzpyrene

Low Concentrations
Tobacco Smoke
Fused-Ring Aromatic Hydrocarbons Automobile Exhaust (Car
are present in _________? gas emission)
Burned Food (Charred /
Dulok)
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