SENIOR – PHYSICS

QUESTION BANK ANALYSIS

LAQ SAQ
S. PROBL
NAME OF THE CHAPTER VSAQ TOTAL
NO EMS
     

1 WAVES 5 - - 1 3 1 - 7 25

RAY OPTICS & OPTICAL

2 2 2 - 5 2 - 8 6 25
INSTRUMENTS

3 WAVE OPTICS 1 2 2 5 1 1 6 5 23
ELECTRIC CHARGES &
4 - 1 2 4 1 1 13 2 24
FIELDS
ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL
5 2 1 - 2 1 2 8 5 20
& CAPACITANCE
6 CURRENT ELECTRICITY - - 2 3 1 5 10 2 23

MOVING CHARGES AND

7 1 4 - 4 4 - 11 8 32
MAGNETISM

3 MAGNETISM AND MATTER 1 1 - 2 1 1 7 1 14

ELECTRO MAGNETIC
9 - - 1 2 2 - 6 2 13
INDUCTION
10 ALTERNATING CURRENT - 1 - 1 2 - 9 4 17

11 ELECTRO MAGNETIC WAVES - - - 1 - 1 9 - 11

DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION

12 - 1 1 2 1 1 10 4 20
AND MATTER

13 ATOMS 2 1 - 6 - - 8 1 18

14 NUCLEI 2 2 - 5 3 1 14 6 33

SEMI CONDUCTOR
15 3 2 - 4 9 2 14 4 38
ELECTRONICS
16 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS - - - - - - 8 - 8

SUBTOTAL 19 18 8 47 31 16
149 57 345
TOTAL 18 88

Page No: 42
 WAVES
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (8 Marks) :
1. What is Doppler effect? Obtain an expression for the apparent frequency of sound
heard when the source is in motion with respect to an observer at rest?
2. Explain the formation of stationary wave in an air column enclosed in open pipe.
Derive the equations for the frequencies of the harmonics produced?
3. How are stationary waves formed in closed pipes? Explain the various modes of
vibrations and obtain relations for their frequencies?
4. Explain the formation of stationary waves in stretched strings and hence deduce the
laws of transverse waves in stretched string?
5. What is Doppler’s shift? Obtain an expression for the apparent frequency of sound
heard when the observer is in motion with respect to a source at rest?
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 Marks) :

1. What are ‘beats’? When do they occur? Explain their uses, if any?
2. What are standing waves? Explain how standing waves may be formed in a stretched
string?
3. Explain the modes of vibration of a stretched string with examples?
4. What is ‘Doppler effect’ ? Give illustrative examples?
5. What do you understand by ‘resonance’? How would you use resonance to determine
the velocity of sound in air?
6. Write an expression for progressive harmonic wave and explain the various parameters
used in the expression?
PROBLEMS :
1. A stretched wire of length 0.6m is observed to vibrate with a frequency of 30Hz in
the fundamental mode.Ifthe string has a linear mass of 0.05 kg/m find
(a) the velocity of propagation of transverse waves in the string
(b) the tension in the string.
2. A string has a length of 0.4m and a mass of 0.16g. If the tension in the string is 70N
What are the three lowest frequencies it produces when plucked?
3. A closed organ pipe 70cm long is sounded . If the velocity of sound is 331 m/s , what
is the fundamental frequency of vibration of the air column?
4. A vertical tube is made to stand in water so that the water level can be adjusted.
Sound waves of frequency 320 Hz are sent into the top of the tube.If standing waves
are produced at two successive water levels of 20cm and 73cm,what is the speed of
sound waves in the air in the tube?
5. Two organ pipes of lengths 65cmand 70cmrespectively, are sounded simultaneously.
How many beats per second will be produced between the fundamental frequencies
of the two pipes?( Velocity of sound=330m/s)
6. Atrain sounds its whistle as it approaches and crosses a level-crossing. An observer
at the crossing measures a frequency of 219Hz as the train approaches and a frequency
of 184 Hz as it leaves.If the speed of sound is taken to be 340m/s, find the speed of
the train and the frequency of its whistle.
7. A pipe 30cm long is open at both ends. Find the fundamental frequency. Velocity of
sou n d in air is 330 / m s –1.
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 Marks) :
1. Distinguish between transverse and longitudinal waves?
2. What is the phase difference between the incident and reflected waves when the wave
is reflected by a rigid boundary?
3. What is a stationaiy or standing wave?

Page No: 43
4. What do you understand by the terms ‘node’ and ‘antinode’?
5. What is the distance between a node and antinode in a stationary wave?
6. What is ‘Doppler effect’? Give an example.
7. What is the phase difference between incident and reflected waves at
a) an open end and b) closed end?
8. What happens to the fundamental frequency of a stretched string when its linear
density becomes 1/4th of its initial value?
9. What is End correction in resonating air column?

RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (8 Marks) :

1. (a) Define Snell’s Law. Using a neat labelled diagram derive an expression for the
refractive index of the materia] of an equilateral prism?
(b) A ray of light, after passing through a medium, meets the surface separating the
medium from air at an angle of 450 and is just not refracted. What is the refractive
index of the medium?
2. Draw a neat labelled diagram of a compound microscope and explain its working.
Derive an expression for its magnification?
3. Obtain an expression for the combined focal length for two thin convex lenses kept in
contact and hence obtain an expression for the combined power of the combination
of the lenses?
4. (a)Using a neat labelled diagram derive the mirror equation. Define linear
magnification?
(b) An object is placed at 5 cm. from a convex lens of focal length 15cm. What is the
position and nature of the image?
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 Marks) :
1. Define critical angle. Explain total internal reflection using a neat diagram?
2. Explain the formation of a rainbow?
3. Explain the formation of a mirage?
4. Why does the setting sun appear red?
5. With a neat labelled diagram explain the formation of image in a simple microscope?
6. Explain the cartesian sign convention for mirrors?
7. Define focal length of a concave mirror. Prove that the radius of curvature of a concave
mirror is double its focal length?
PROBLEMS :
1. A concave mirror of focal length 10 cm is placed at a distance 3 5 cm from a wall.
How far from the wall should an object be placed so that its real image is formed on
the wall?
2. A concave mirror produces an image of a long vertical pin, placed 40 cm from the
mirror, at the position of the object. Find the focal length of the mirror.
3. The focal length of a concave lens is 30cm. Where should an object be placed sothat
its image is of its size?
4. A light wave of frequency 4x1014 Hz and a wavelength of 5X10–7 m passes through a
medium. Estimate the refractive index of the medium.
5. Two lenses ofpower -1.75D and +2.25D respectively, are placed in contact. Calculate
the focal length of the combination.
6. A double convex lens of focal length 15 cm is used as a magnifying glass in order to
produce an erect image which is 3 times magnified. What is the distance between the
object and the lens?

Page No: 44
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 Marks) :
1. Define ‘power’ of a convex lens. What is its unit? (May - 16)
2. What is dispersion? Which colour gets relatively more dispersed?
3. What is myopia? How can it be corrected?
4. What is hypermetropia? How can it be corrected?
5. Define focal length and radius of curvature of a concave lens.
6. What is optical density and how is it different from mass density?
7. What are the laws of reflection through curved mirrors?
8. A sm all an gled pr ism of 4 0 deviates a ray through 2.48° . Find the refractive index
ofthe prism.

WAVE OPTICS

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (8 Marks) :

1. Describe Young’s experiment for observing interference and hence derive the expression
for ‘fringe width’?
2. Distinguish between Coherent and Incoherent addition of waves. Develope the theory
of constructive and destructive interferences?
3. What is diffraction ? Discuss diffraction pattern obtainable from a single slit?
4. What is resolving power of optical instruments ? Derive the condition under which
images are resolved?
5. What is Huygens principle ? Explain the optical phenomenon of refraction using
Huygens principle?
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 Marks) :
1. Explain Doppler effect in light. Distinguish between red shift and blue shift?
2. Derive the expressionfor the intensity at a point where interference oflight occurs.
Arrive at conditions for maximum and zero intensity.
3. Discuss the intensity of transmitted light when a polaroid sheet is rotated between
two crossed polaroids?
4. Does the principle of conservation of energy hold for interference and diffraction
phenomena? Explain briefly?
5. How do you determine the resolving power of your eye?
6. What is total internal reflection. Explain the phenomenon using Huygens principle?
7. Explain polarisation oflight by reflection and arrive at Brewster’s law from it.
PROBLEMS :
1. Two slits are made one millimeter apart and the screen is placed one meter away.
What is the fringe seperation when blue - green light of wave length 500nm is used ?
2. What should the width of each slit to obtain 10 maxima ofthe double slit pattern
within the central maximum of the single slit pattern ?
3. In a Young’s double slit experiment, the slits are separated by 0.28 mm and the
screen is placed 1.4m away. The distance between the central bright fringle and the
fourth bright fringle is measured to be 1.2cm. Determine the wave length oflight used
in the experiment?
4. What is the Brewster angle for air to glass transition ? ( Refractive index of
glass =1.5)
5. Estimate the distance for which ray optics is good approximation for an aperture of
4mm and wavelength 400nm.
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 Marks) :
1. What is Malus law?
2. Explain Brewster’s law?

Page No: 45
3. What is polarisation oflight?
4. What is Fresnel distance?
5. Give the justification for validity ofray optics?
6. When does a monochromatic beam of light incident ona reflective surface get completely
transmitted?

ELECTRIC CHARGES & FIELDS

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (8 Marks) :

1. Applying Gauss’s law derive the expression for electric intensity due to a charged
conducting spherical shell at
i) a point outside the shell ii) a point on the surface ofthe shell and
iii) a point inside the shell.
2. State Gauss’s law in electrostatics. Applying Gauss’s law derive the expression for
electric intensity due to an infinite plane sheet of charge.
3. Define electric flux. Applying Gauss’s law and derive the expression for electric intensity
due to an infinite long straight charged wire. (Assume that the electric field is
everywhere radial and depends only on the radial distance r of the point from the
wire.)
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 Marks) :
1. Derive an equation for the couple acting on a electric dipole in a uniform electric
field.
2. Derive an expression for the intensity of the electric field at a point on the equatorial
plane of an electric dipole.
3. Derive an expression for the intensity of electric field at a point on the axial line of a
dipole.
4. State and explain Coulomb’s inverse square law in electricity.
5. Define intensity of electric field at a point. Derive an expression for the intensity due
to a point charge.
6. State Gauss’s law in electrostatics and its importance.
PROBLEMS :
1. An electric dipole with dipole moment 4  109 cm aligned at 30^ with the direction of
a uniform electric field of magnitude 5  104 NC1 . Calculate the magnitude of the
torque acting on the dipole.
2. What is the force between two small charged spheres having charges of 2  107 C
placed 30cm apart in air?
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 Marks) :
1. What is meant by the statement ‘charge is quantized’?
2. Repulsion is the sure test of electrification than attraction. Why?
3. How many electrons constitute 1C of charge.
4. What happens to the weight of a body when it is charged positively?
5. What happens to the force between two charges if the distance between them is
a) halved b) doubled
6. The electric lines of force do not intersect why?
7. Consider two charges +q and -q placed at B and C of an equilateral triangle ABC. For
this system, the total charge is zero. But the electric field (intensity) at A which is
equidistant from B and C is not zero. Why?
8. Electrostatic field lines of force do not form closed loops. If they form closed loops
then the work done in moving a charge along a closed path will not be zero. From the
above two statements can you guess the nature of electrostatic force?

Page No: 46
9. State Gauss’s law in electrostatics.
10. When will be the electric flux negative? and when is it Positive
11. Write the expression for electric intensity due to infinite long charged wire, at a radial
distance r from the wire.
12. Write the Expression for electric intensity due to an infinite plane sheet of charge.
13. Write the expression for electric intensity due to a charged conducting spherical shell
at points outside and inside the shell.

ELECTRIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (8 Marks) :

1. Explain series and parallel combination of capacitors Derive the formula for equivalant
capacitance in each combination
2. Derive an expression for the energy stored in a capacitor what is the energy stored
when the space between the plates is filled with a dielectric
(a) with charging battery disconnected
(b) with charging battery connected, in the circuit.
3. Define electric potential. Derive an expression for the electric potential due to an
electric dipole and hence the electric potential at a point
(a) on the axial line of electric dipole
(b) on the equatorial line of electric dipole
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 Marks) :
1. Derive an expression for the capacitance ofaparallel plate capacitor
2. Derive an expression for the electric potential due to point charge.
3. Derive expression for the potential energy of an electric dipole placed in a uniform
electric field.
4. Explain behaviour of dieletrics in an electric field
5. Derive an expression for the electrostatic potential energy ofa system of two point
charges and find its relation with electric potential of a charge.
PROBLEMS :
1. In a hydrogen atom the electron and proton are at a distance of 0.5A° The dipole
moment of the system is
2. Three capacitors each of capacitance 9pF are connected in series.
(a) What is the total capacitance of the combination?
(b) What is the potential difference across each capacitor if the combination is
connected to a 120V supply?
3. Three capacitors of capacitances 2pF, 3pF and 4pF are connected in parallel
(a) What is the total capacitance of the combination?
(b) Determine the charge on each capacitor if the combination is connected to a 100V
supply.
4. In a parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates, each plate has an area of
6  103 m2 and the distance between the plates is 3mm. Calculate the capacitance of
the capacitor. If this capacitor is connected to a 100 V supply, what is the charge on
each plate of the capacitor?
5. A 12pF capacitor is connected to a 50V battery. How much electrostatic energy is
stored in the capacitor?
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 Marks) :
1. Can there be electric potential at a point with zero electric intensity?give an example.
2. Can there be electric intensity at a point with zero electric potentiative an example.
3. What are meant by equipotential surfaces?

Page No: 47
4. Why is the electric field always at right angles to the equipotential surface? Explain
5. Three capacitors of capacitances 1F,2F and 3F are connected in parallel
(a) what is the ratio of charges? (b) What is the ratio of potential differences?
6. Three capacitors of capacitances 1F,2F and 3F are connected in series
a) what is the ratio of charge b) what is the ratio ofpotential differences?
7. What happens to the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor if the area of its plates
is doubled.
8. The dielectric strength of air is 3 x 106 VI m at certain pressure, a parallel plate
capacitor with air in between the plates has a plate separation of 1 cm. Can you
charge the capacitor to 3 x 106 V.

CURRENT ELECTRICITY

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (8 Marks) :

1. In a house, three bulbs of 100W each are lighted for 4 hours daily and six tube lights
of 20W each are lighted for 5 hours daily and a refrigerator of400W is working for 10
hours daily for a month of 3 0 days. Calculate the electricity bill, if the cost of one
unit is Rs. 14/-.
2. Three resistors of 4 ohms, 6 ohms and 12 ohms are connected in parallel. The
combination of above resistors is connected in series to a resistace 2 ohms and then
to a battery of 6volts. Draw a circuit diagram and calculate
(a) Current in main circuit
(b) Current flowing through each of the resistors in parallel
(c) P.D. and the power used by the 2 ohm resistor.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 Marks) :
1. State Kirchhoff’s laws for electrical network. Using these laws deduce the condition
for balancing in a Wheatstone bridge.
2. State the working principle of potentiometer explain with the help of circuit diagram
how the potentiometer is used to determine the internal resistance of the given primary
cell.
3. State the working principle of potentiometer explain with the help of circuit diagram.
How the emf of two primary cells are compared by using the potentiometer.
4. Derive an expression for the effective resistance when three resistors are connected
in (i) series (ii) parallel.
5. ‘m’cells each of emf ‘E’and internal resistance ‘r’ are connected in parallel. What is
the total emf and internal resistance? Under what conditions in the current drawn
from mixed groping of cells a maximum?
6. Two cells of emf 4.5 v and 6.0 v and internal resistance 6  and 3  respectively have
their negative terminals joined by a wire of 18  and positive terminals by a wire of
12 Q resistance and third resistance wire of 24  connects middle points of these
wires using kirchhoff’s laws find the potential differences at the ends of this third
resistance wire.
7. Three resistors each of resistance 10 ohm are connected in turn to obtain
(i) Minimum resistance
(ii) Maximum resistance
Compute:
(a) The effective resistance in each case
(b) the ratio of minimum to maximum resistance so obtained
8. Three identical resistors are connected in parallel and the total resistance of the
R
circuit is .
3

Page No: 48
 Find the value of each resistance.

9. A battery of emf 10 V and internal resistance 3Q, is connected to a resistor ‘R’.

(i) If the current in the circuit is 0.5 A. calculate the value of ‘R’?
(ii) What is the terminal voltage of the battery when the circuit is closed.
PROBLEMS :
1. A wire of resistance 4R is bent in the form of a circle. What is the effective resistance
between the ends ofthe diameter?
2. In a potentiometer arrangement, a cell of emf 1.2 5 V gives a balance point 3 5.0 cm
length of the wire. If the cell is replaced by another cell and the balance point shifts
to 63.0 cm, what is the emf ofthe second cell?
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 Marks) :
1. Define mean free path of electron in a conductor.
2. State Ohm’s law and write its mathematical form.
3. Define resistivity or specific resistance.
4. Define temperature coefficient of resistance.
5. Under what conditions is the current through the mixed grouping of cells maximum?
6. Why is manganin used for making standard resistors?
7. The sequence of bands marked on a carbon resistor are: Red, Red, Red, Silver. What
is its resis­tance and tolerance?
8. Write the colour code of a carbon resistor of resistance 23 kilo ohms.
9. If the voltage V applied across a conductor is increased to 2 V, how will the drift
velocity of the electrons change?
10. Why are household appliances connected in parallel?

MOVING CHARGES AND MAGNETISM

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (8 Marks) :

1. Obtain an expression for the torque on a current carrying loop placed in a uniform
magnetic field. Describe the construction and working of a moving coil galvanometer.
2. Deduce an expression for the force on a current carrying conductor placed in a
magnetic field.
Derive an expression for the force per unit length between two parallel current carrying
conductors.
3. How can a galvanometer be converted to an ammeter? Why is the parallel resistance
smaller than the galvanometer resistance?
4. How can a galvanometer be converted to a voltmeter? Why is the series resistance
greater than the galvanometer resistance?
5. Derive an expression for the force acting between two parallel current carrying
conductors and hence define the Ampere.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 Marks) :
1. State and explain Biot-Savart law.
2. State and explain Ampere’s law.
3. Derive an expression for the magnetic induction at the centre ofa current carrying
ciruclar coilusing Biot-Savart law?
4. What are the basic components of cyclotron? Mention its uses?
5. Find the magnetic induction intensity B due to a long current carrying conductor?
6. Obtain an expression for the magnetic dipole moment of a current loop?
7. Derive an expression for the magnetic dipole moment ofa revolving electron?

Page No: 49
8. Explain how crossed E and B fields serve as a velocity selector?
PROBLEMS :
1. A square coil of side 10 cm consists of 20 turns and carries a current of 12 A. The coil
is suspended vertically and the normal to the plane of the coil makes an angle of 3 0°
with the direction of a uniform horizontal magnetic field of magnitude 0.80 T. What is
the magnitude of torque experienced by the coil?
2. What is the magnitude of magnetic force per unit length on a wire carrying a current
of 8A and making an angle of 30° with the direction of a uniform magnetic field of
0.15T?
3. A moving coil galvanometer can measure a current of 10–6 A. What is the resistance
of the shunt required if it is to measure 1A ?
4. The resistance of MCG is 5  . The maximum current it can measure is 0.015 A .
How would you convert it into voltmeter to measure 1.5 volts ?
5. Two long and parallel straight wires Aand B carrying currents of 8.0Aand 5.0Ainthe
same direction are separated by a distance of 4.0cm. Estimate the force on a 10cm
section of wire A.
6. Acircular coil of wire consisting of 100 turns, each of radius 8.0cm carries a current
of 0.40 A. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field B at the centre of the coil?
7. A long straight wire carries a current of 35 A. What is the magnitude of the field B at
a point 20cm from the wire?
8. A current of 10A passes through two very long wires held parallel to each other and
separated by a distance of 1 m. What is the force per unit length between them?
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 Marks) :
1. What is the importance of Oersted’s experiment?
2. State Ampere’s law and Biot-savart’s law.
3. A circular coil of radius ‘r’ having ‘N’ turns carries a current V. What is its magnetic
moment?
4. What is the force on a charged particle of charge ‘q’ moving with a velocity ‘V’ in a
uniform magnetic field of induction B? When does it become maximum?
5. What is the force on a conductor of length ‘L’ carrying current ‘i’ placed in a magnetic
field of induction B? When does it become maximum?
6. Distinguish between ammeter and voltmeter?
7. What is the principle of a moving coil galvanometer?
8. What is the smallest value of current that can be meausred with a moving coil
galvanometer?
9. How do you convert a moving coil galvanometer into an ammeter?
10. How do you convert a moving coil galvanometer into a voltmeter?
11. What is the relation between the permittivity of free space  0, the permeability of free
space  0 and the speed of light in vacuum?

MAGNETISM AND MATTER

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (8 Marks) :

1. Derive an expression for the magnetic field at a point on the axis of a current carrying
circular loop.
2. Obtain Gauss law for magnetism and explain it.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 Marks) :
1. Derive an expression for the axial field of a solenoid of radius “r”, containing “n”
turns per unit length and carrying current “i”.
2. How do you distinguish Dia, Para and Ferromagnetisms in matter?
3. Define retentivity and coercivity. Draw the hysteresis curve for soft iron and steel.
What do you infer from these curves?

Page No: 50
4. If B is the magnetic field produced at the centre of a circular coil of one turn of length
‘L’ carrying current I then what is the magnetic field at the centre of the same coil
which is made into 10 turns?
PROBLEMS :
1. A bar magnet of length 0. lm and with a magnetic moment of 5 Am2 is placed in a
uniform magnetic field of intensity 0.4T with its axis making an angle of 60° with the
field. What is the torque on the magnet?
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 Marks) :
1. Define magnetic declination.
2. Classifythe following materials with regard to magnetism:
i) Manganese, ii) Cobalt, iii)Nickel
iv) Bismuth, v) Oxygen, vi) Copper
3. What are the units of Magnetic moment,Magnetic induction and Magnetic field?.
4. Define magnetic inclination (or) angle of dip.
5. Magnetic lines of force form continuous closed loops. Why?
6. What do you understand by the “magnetization” of a sample?
7. Define Magnetic susceptibility? Mention its unit.

ELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUCTION

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (8 Marks) :

1. Describe the working of a AC generator with the aid of a simple diagram and necessary
expressions.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 Marks) :
1. Obtain an expression for the emf induced across a conductor which is moved in a
uniform magnetic field which is perpendicular to the plane of motion.
2. Obtain an expression for the mutual inductance of two long co-axial solenoids.

3. Obtain an expression for the magnetic energy stored in a solenoid in terms of the
magnetic field, area and length of the solenoid.
4. Describe the ways in which Eddy currents are used to advantage.
PROBLEMS :
1. The current in a circuit falls from 5 A to 0A in 0.1 s. If an average emf of200V is
induced give an estimate of the self inductance of the circuit.
2. The current in a coil changes from 5 Amp to 10 Amp. in 10–2 sec then an emf of
50 milli volts is induced in a coil near it. Calculate the mutual inductance of coil.
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 Marks) :
1. What did the experiments of Faraday and Henry show? Define magnetic flux.
2. State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. State Lenz’s law. Define inductance.
3. What do you understand by ‘self inductance’ ?

ALTERNATING CURRENT

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (8 Marks) :

1. Obtain an expression for impedance and current in series LCR circuit. Deduce an
expression for the resonating frequency of an LCR series resonating circuit ?
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 Marks) :
1. State the principle on which a transformer works. Describe the working ofa transformer
with necessary theory.
2. Obtain an expression for the current through an inductor when an a.c. emf is applied?
3. Obtain an expression for the current in a capacitor when an a.c. emf is applied ?

Page No: 51
PROBLEMS :
1. A 100  resistor is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply.
a) What is the rms value of current in the circuit ?
b) What is the net power consumed over a full cycle ?
2. A44 mH inductor is connected to 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply. Determine the rms value of
the current in the circuit.
3. A 60  J. F capacitor is connected to a 110 V, 60 Hz ac supply. Determine the rms
value of the current in the circuit.
4. A series LCR circuit with R=20  ,L=1.5 H and C =35  F is connected to a variable
frequency 200 V ac supply, when the frequency of the supply equals the natural
frequency of the circuit, what is the average power transferred to the circuit in one
complete cycle ?
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 Marks) :
1. What is the phenomenon involved in the working of a transformer ?
2. What is meant by wattless component of current ?
3. What type of transformer is used in a 6 V bed lamp ?
4. What is transformer ratio ?
5. What is the phase difference between AC emf and current in the following: Pure
resistor, pure inductor and pure capacitor.
6. Define power factor. On which factors does power factor depends ?
7. What is the phase difference between voltage and current when the power factor in
LCR series circuit is unity?
8. A transformer converts 200V ac into 2000V ac. Calculate the number of turns in the
secondary if the primary has 10 turns .
9. When does a LCR series circuit have minimum impedance ?

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 Marks) :

1. What is Green house effect and its contribution towards the surface temperature of
earth ?
2. What does an electromagnetic wave consists of? On what factors does its velocity in
vacuum depends ?
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 Marks) :
1. If the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is doubled what happens to the energy
of photon?
2. What is the principle of production of electromagnetic waves ?
3. What is the ratio of speed of infrared rays and ultraviolet rays in vacuum ?
4. What is the relation between the amplitudes of the electric and magnetic fields in free
space for an electromagnetic wave ?
5. Micro waves are used in Radars why ?
6. Give two uses of infrared rays ?
7. The charging current for a capacitor is 0.6A. What is the displacement current across
its plates?
8. What are the applications of micro waves?
9. How are Microwaves produced?

DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (8 Marks) :

1. How Einstein’s photoelectric equation account for the effect of frequency of incident
light on stopping potential. Explain the effect of intensity and potential on photoelectric
current?

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2. Describe the Davisson and Germer experiment, What did this experiment conclusively
prove ?
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 Marks) :
1. What is the effect of (i) Intensity oflight (ii) potential on photoelectric current ?
2. Describe an experiment to study the effect of frequency of incident radiation on
“Stopping potential” ?
3. Summarise the photon picture of electromagnetic radiation.
4. What is the debroglie wavelength of a ball of mass 0.12 kg moving with a speed of
20ms–1 ? What can we infer from this result ?
PROBLEMS
1. Find the a) Maximum frequency, and
b) Minimum wavelength of X-rays produced by 30 kV electrons.
2. The work function of Caesium metal is 2.14 eV. When light of frequency 6x1014Hz is
incident on the metal surface, photoemission of electrons occurs, what is the
a) Maximum kinetic energy ofthe emitted electrons.
b) Stopping potential, and
c) Maximum speed ofthe emitted photoelectrons ?
3. The photoelectric cut-off voltage in a certain experiment is 1.5 V. What is the maximum
kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted ?
4. What is the
a) momentum b) speed, and
c) de-Broglie wavelength of an electron with kinetic energy of 120 eV.
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 Marks) :
1. What are” cathode rays” ?
2. What important fact did Millikan’s experiment establish ?
3. What is “Work function” ?
4. What is “Photo electric effect” ?
5. Give examples of “Photosensitive substances” why they are called so ?
6. Write down Einstein’s photo electric equation.
7. Write down deBroglie’s relation and explain the terms there in.
8. State Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle ?
9. An electron, an a particle and a proton have the same kinetic energy. Which of these
particles has the shortest de Broglie wavelength?
10. How is the de-Broglie wavelength associated with an electron accelerated through a
potential difference of 100 volts?

ATOMS
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (8 Marks) :
1. State the basic postulatesof Bohr’stheory ofatomic spectra. Hence obtain an expression
forthe radius of orbit and the energy of orbital electron in a hydrogen atom.
2. Discuss Bohr’s theory of spectrum of hydrogen atom.
3. Describe Geiger - Marsden experiment on scattering of a particle. How is the size
ofthe nucleus estimated in this experiment?
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 Marks) :
1. What is impact parameter and angle of scattering? How are they related to each
other.
2. Explain the distance of closest approach and impact parameter.
3. What are the limitations of Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom?
4. Explain the different types of spectral series.
5. Describe Rutherford atom model. What are the drawbacks of this model?

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6. Derive an expression for potetial and kinetic energy of an electron in any orbit ofa
hydrogen atom according to Bohr’s atomic model.
PROBLEMS :
1. The radius ofthe first electron orbit of hydrogen atom is 5.3x10-11m. What is the
radius of the second orbit.
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 Marks) :
1. What is the Angularmomentum of electron in the second orbit of Bohr’s model
ofhydrogen atom?
2. What is the expression for fine structure constant and what is its value?
3. What is the physical meaning of ‘negative energy of an electron’?
4. Sharp lines are present in the spectrum of a gas. What does this indicate?
5. What is the difference between a - particle and helium atom?
6. Among alpha, beta, gamma radiations, which get affected by the electric field?
7. What do you understand by the phrase ‘ground state atom’? The lyman series
ofhydrogen spectrum lies in the U V region. Why?

NUCLEI

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (8 Marks) :

1. Explain the principle and working of a nuclear reactor with the help of a labelled
diagram.
2. What is radioactivity? State the law of radioactive decay. Show that radioactive decay
is exponential in nature.
3. Define mass defect and binding energy.How does binding energy per nucleon vary
with mass number? What is its significance?
4. Explain the source of stellar energy. Explain the carbon-nitrogen cycle, proton-proton
cycle occuring in stars.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 Marks) :
1. Write a short note on the discovery of neutron.
2. Distinguish between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
3. Define half life period and decay constant for a radioactive substance.Deduce the
relation between them.
4. Define average life of a radioactive substance. Obtain the relation between decay
constant and average life.
5. What are the properties of a neutron?
6. What are nuclear forces? Write their properties.

7. What is nuclear fission? Give an example to illustrate it.

8. What is nuclear fusion? Write the conditions for nuclear fusion to occur.
9. Explain  – decay and  – decay.
PROBLEM
56
1. Find the bonding energy of Fe . Atomic mass of Fe is 55 .9349u and that of Hydrogen
26

is 1.00783u and mass of neutron is 1 .00876u.

2. Calculate the binding energy of an  - particle. Given that the mass of
proton=1 .0073u, mass of neutron =1 .0087u and mass of  – particle = 4.0015u.
3. The half life of radium is 1600 years. How much time does 1 gofradium take to
reduce to 0.125g.
4. The half-life period of a radioactive substance is 20 days. What is the time taken for
7/8 of its original mass to disintegrate?

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 235
5. If one microgram of 92 U is completely destroyed in an atom bomb, how much energy
will be released?
6. How much 235U is consumed in a day in an atomic power house operating at
400 MW, provided the whole of mass 235U is converted into energy?
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 Marks) :
1. What are isotopes and isobars?
2. What are isotones and isomers?
3. What is a. m.u? What is its equivalent energy?
4. What will be the ratio ofthe radii of two nuclei of mass numbers A, and A,?
5. What are the units and dimensions ofthe disintegration constant?
6. Neutrons are the best projectiles to produce nuclear reactions. Why?
7. Neutrons cannot produce ionization. Why?
8. What are thermal neutrons? What is their importance?
9. What is the value of neutron multiplication factor in a controlled reaction and in an
uncontrolled chain reaction?
10. What is the role of controlling rods in a nuclear reactor?
11. Define Becquerel and Curie.
12. What is a chain reaction?
13. What is the function of moderator in a nuclear reactor?
14. What is the energy released in the fusion of four protons to form a helium nucleus?

SEMI CONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (8 Marks) :

1. What is rectifier? Explain the working of half wave and full wave rectifiers with diagrams
2. What is Zener diode? Explain how it is used as voltage regulator?
3. Describe a transistor and explain its working.
4. Sketch a basic AND circuit with two diodes and explain its operation Explain how
doping increases the conductivity in semiconductors ?
5. What is Junction diode? Explain the formation of depletion region at the
junctionExplain the variation of depletion region in farward and reverse biased
condition.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 Marks) :
1. Describe how a semi conductor diode is used as a half wave rectifier.
2. What is rectification? Explain the working ofa full wave rectifier.
3. Explain how transistor can be used as a switch?
4. What are n-type and p-type semiconductors? How is a semiconductor junction formed?
5. Distinguish between zener breakdown and avalanche breakdown.
6. What is a photodiode? Explain its working with a circuit diagram and draw its I-V
characteristics.
7. Explain the working of LED and what are its advantages over conventional
incandescent low power lamps.
8. Explain the working of a solar cell and draw its I-V characteristics.
9. Explain how transistor can be used as an oscillator ?
10. Define NAND and NOR gates. Give their truth tables.
11. Explain the operation of a NOT gate and give its truth table.
12. Explain the different transistor configurations with diagrams.
13. Distinguish between half-wave and full-wave rectifiers.
14. Discuss the behaviour of p-n junctiion. How does a potential barrier develope at the
junction?

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15. Draw and explain the current-voltage (I-V) characteritistic curves of a junction diode
in forward and reverse bias.
PROBLEM
1. In a half wave rectifier, a p-n junction diode with internal resistance 20 ohm is used.
If the load resistance of 2Kohms is used in the circuit, then find the efficiency of this
half wave rectifier.
2. A full wave p-n junction diode rectifier uses a load resistance of 1300 ohm. The
internal resistance of each diode is 9 ohm. Find the efficiency of this full wave rectifier.
3. Calculate the current amplification factor p (beta) when change in collector current is
1mA and change in base current is 20  A.
4. For a transistor amplifier, the collector load resistance 2K ohm and the input resistance
R i = 1K ohm. If the current gain is 50, calculate voltage gain of the amplifier.
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 Marks) :
I. What is ann-type semiconductor? What are the majority and minority charge carriers
in it?
2. What are intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors?
3. What is a p-type semiconductor? What are the majority and minority charge carriers
in it?
4. What is a p-n junction diode? Define depletion layer.
5. How is a battery connected to a junction diode in (i) forward and (ii) reverse bias?
6. What is the maximum percentage of rectification in half wave and full wave rectifiers?
7. What is Zener voltage ( Vz) and how will a Zener diode be connected in circuits generally?
8. Write the expressions for the efficiency of a full wave rectifier and a half wave rectifier.
9. What happens to the width of the depletion layer in a p-n junction diode when it is in
(i) forward-biased and (ii) reverse biased?
10. Draw the circuit symbols for p-n-p and n-p-n transistors
11. Define amplifier and amplification factor.
12. In which bias can a Zener diode be used as voltage regulator?
13. Which gates are called universal gates ?
14. Write the truth table of NAND gate. How does it differ from AND gate?

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

1. What are the basic blocks of communication system?

2. What is sky wave propagation?
3. Define modulation. Why is it necessary?
4. What is “World Wide Web” (WWW)?
5. Mention the frequency range of speech signals.
6. Mention the various parts of the ionosphere?
7. Mention the basic methods of modulation
8. Which type of communication is employed in Mobile Phones?
9. Define modulation. Mention the basic methods of modulation.

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