Classics in International Trade Law

Classics in International
Trade Law
[author name]
2
Headnote
This collection of classic articles in international trade law was selected
by Richard H. Steinberg, Professor of Law, Jonathan D. Varat Endowed
Chair in Law, Professor of Political Science .
• Wherever possible, the casebook links to a free version of the

final article on the website of the journal, author, or a reputable
university or international organization.
• If no free version of a final article is available from a reputable

website, this casebook links to a version of the final article
available from a paid database, plus any freely available preprint
or reprint of the article.
• Most university students should be able to access the paid

databases through their schools' libraries. Please check your
library's website for information on their VPN or proxy and
contact the librarians for assistance if necessary. UCLA law
students should visit https://my.law.ucla.edu/vpn .
3
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4
Table of Contents
1 Economic and Political Logic of Trade Rules and

Principles []
1.1 Paul R. Krugman (1987), ‘Is Free Trade Passe?’, Journal of
Economic Perspectives, 1 (2), Autumn, 131–44.....................................[ ]
1.2 Kyle Bagwell and Robert W. Staiger (1999), ’An Economic

Theory of GATT’, American Economic Review, 89 (1), March,
215–48................................................................................................[ ]
1.3 B. Peter Rosendorff and Helen V. Milner (2001), ‘The Optimal

Design of International Trade Institutions: Uncertainty and
Escape’...............................................................................................[ ]
1.3.1 Peter Rosendorff and Helen V. Milner (2001), ‘The Optimal Design
of International Trade Institutions: Uncertainty and Escape’,
International Organization, 55 (4), Autumn, 829–57.........................................[ ]
1.3.2 PREPRINT of B. Peter Rosendorff and Helen V. Milner (2001), ‘The
Optimal Design of International Trade Institutions: Uncertainty and
Escape’...............................................................................................................[ ]
1.4 Alan O. Sykes (1999), ‘Regulatory Protectionism and the Law of

International Trade’, University of Chicago Law Review, 66 (1),
Winter, 1–46........................................................................................[ ]
1.5 Andrew T. F. Lang (2006), ‘Reconstructing Embedded

Liberalism: John Gerard Ruggie and Constructivist Approaches
to the Study of the International Trade Regime’, Journal of
International Economic Law, 9 (1), March, 81–116...............................[ ]
2 History and Negotiation of the GATT/WTO System []

2.1 Paul Demaret (1995), ‘The Metamorphoses of the GATT: From
the Havana Charter to the World Trade Organization’, Columbia
Journal of Transnational Law, 34 (1), 123–71........................................[ ]
2.2 Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann (1995), ‘The Transformation of the

World Trading System Through the 1994 Agreement
Establishing the World Trade Organization’, European Journal of
International Law, 6 (1), 161–221.........................................................[ ]
2.3 Michael A. Bailey, Judith Goldstein and Barry R. Weingast

(1997), ‘The Institutional Roots of American Trade Policy:
5
Politics, Coalitions, and International Trade’, World Politics, 49

(3), April, 309–38................................................................................[ ]
2.4 Richard H. Steinberg (2002), ‘In the Shadow of Law or Power?

Consensus-Based Bargaining and Outcomes in the GATT/WTO’,
International Organization, 56 (2), Spring, 339–74.................................[ ]
3 Non-Discrimination []
3.1 Nicholas DiMascio and Joost Pauwelyn (2008),
‘Nondiscrimination in Trade and Investment Treaties: Worlds
Apart or Two Sides of the Same Coin?’, American Journal of
International Law, 102 (1), January, 48–89............................................[ ]
3.2 Henrik Horn and Petros C. Mavroidis (2001), ‘Economic and

Legal Aspects of the Most-Favored-Nation Clause’, European
Journal of Political Economy, 17 (2), June, 233–79................................[ ]
4 Trade Remedies: Antidumping, Safeguards, and

Countervailing Duties []
4.1 Chad P. Bown (2011), ‘Taking Stock of Antidumping,
Safeguards, and Countervailing Duties, 1990–2009’, World
Economy Special Issue: Global Trade Policy, 34 (12), December,
1955–98..............................................................................................[ ]
4.2 Bernard M. Hoekman and Petros C. Mavroidis (1996),

‘Dumping, Antidumping and Antitrust’,................................................[ ]
4.2.1 Bernard M. Hoekman and Petros C. Mavroidis (1996), ‘Dumping,
Antidumping and Antitrust’, Journal of World Trade, 30 (1), 27–52................[ ]
4.2.2 REPRINT of Bernard M. Hoekman and Petros C. Mavroidis (1996),
‘Dumping, Antidumping and Antitrust’ in The World Trading
System: Administered Protection 195-222 (Robert Howse & Petrus
van Bork, eds., 1998).........................................................................................[ ]
4.3 Joseph E. Stiglitz (1997), ‘Dumping on Free Trade: The U.S.

Import Trade Laws’, Southern Economic Journal, 64 (2),
October, 402–24..................................................................................[ ]
4.4 Gary N. Horlick and Peggy A. Clarke (2010), ‘WTO Subsidies

Discipline During and After the Crisis’, Journal of International
Economic Law, 13 (3), September, 859–74...........................................[ ]
4.5 Alan O. Sykes (2003), ‘The Safeguards Mess: A Critique of

WTO Jurisprudence’............................................................................[ ]
6
4.5.1 Alan O. Sykes (2003), ‘The Safeguards Mess: A Critique of WTO

Jurisprudence’, World Trade Review, 2 (3), November, 261–95......................[ ]
4.5.2 PREPRINT of Alan O. Sykes (2003), ‘The Safeguards Mess: A
Critique of WTO Jurisprudence’........................................................................[ ]
4.6 Joost Pauwelyn (2004), ‘The Puzzle of WTO Safeguards and

Regional Trade Agreements’, Journal of International Economic
Law, 7 (1), March, 109–42...................................................................[ ]
5 Intellectual Property and Services []

5.1 Keith E. Maskus and Jerome H. Reichman (2004), ‘The
Globalization of Private Knowledge Goods and the Privatization
of Global Public Goods’, Journal of International Economic Law,
7 (2), June, 279–320.............................................................................[ ]
5.2 Frederick M. Abbott (2005), ‘The WTO Medicines Decision:

World Pharmaceutical Trade and the Protection of Public Health’,
American Journal of International Law, 99 (2), April, 317–58................[ ]
5.3 Juan A. Marchetti and Petros C. Mavroidis (2011), ‘The Genesis

of the GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services)’,
European Journal of International Law, 22 (3), August, 689–721............[ ]
5.4 Jonathan Crystal (2003), ‘Bargaining in the Negotiations Over

Liberalizing Trade in Services: Power, Reciprocity, and
Learning’, Review of International Political Economy, 10 (3),
August, 552–78...................................................................................[ ]
5.5 Bernard Hoekman and Aaditya Mattoo (2000), ‘Services,

Economic Development, and the Next Round of Negotiations on
Services'..............................................................................................[ ]
5.5.1 Bernard Hoekman and Aaditya Mattoo (2000), ‘Services, Economic
Development, and the Next Round of Negotiations on Services’,
Journal of International Development, 12 (2), March, 283–96..........................[ ]
5.5.2 PREPRINT of Bernard Hoekman and Aaditya Mattoo (2000),
‘Services, Economic Development, and the Next Round of
Negotiations on Services'...................................................................................[ ]
5.6 Rudolf Adluag and Peter Morrison (2010), ‘Less Than GATS:
“Negative Preferences” in Regional Services Agreements’,
Journal of International Economic Law, 13 (4), December, 1103–
43.......................................................................................................[ ]
6 Trade and…Environment, Labor, Human Rights,

Morality []
7
6.1 Richard B. Stewart (1993), ‘Environmental Regulation and

International Competitiveness’, Yale Law Journal, 102 (8), June,
2039–106............................................................................................[ ]
6.2 Paul Krugman (1997), ‘What Should Trade Negotiators Negotiate

About?’, Journal of Economic Literature, 35 (1), March, 113–20............[ ]
6.3 Richard H. Steinberg (1997), ‘Trade-Environment Negotiations in

the EU, NAFTA, and WTO: Regional Trajectories of Rule
Development’, American Journal of International Law, 91 (2),
April, 231–67......................................................................................[ ]
6.4 Erich Vranes (2016), ‘Carbon Taxes, PPMs and the GATT’, in
Panagiotis Delimatsis, (ed.), Research Handbook on Climate
Change and Trade Law, Chapter 4, Cheltenham, UK and
Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 77–108..................[ ]
6.5 PREPRINT of Thomas Cottier, Olga Nartova and Anirudh

Shingal (2014), ‘The Potential of Tariff Policy for Climate
Change Mitigation: Legal and Economic Analysis’, Journal of
World Trade, 48 (5), 1007–37...............................................................[ ]
6.6 Michael J. Trebilcock and Robert Howse (2005), ‘Trade Policy

and Labor Standards’, Minnesota Journal of Global Trade, 14 (2),
261–300..............................................................................................[ ]
6.7 Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann (2000), ‘The WTO Constitution and

Human Rights’, Journal of International Economic Law, 3 (1),
March, 19–25......................................................................................[ ]
6.8 Philip Alston (2002), ‘Resisting the Merger and Acquisition of

Human Rights by Trade Law: A Reply to Petersmann’, European
Journal of International Law, 13 (4), September, 815–44........................[ ]
6.9 Steve Charnovitz (1998), ‘The Moral Exception in Trade Policy’,

Virginia Journal of International Law, 38 (4), Summer, 689–746............[ ]
7 Dispute Settlement []
7.1 Marc L. Busch (2007), ‘Overlapping Institutions, Forum
Shopping, and Dispute Settlement in International Trade’......................[ ]
7.1.1 Marc L. Busch (2007), ‘Overlapping Institutions, Forum Shopping,
and Dispute Settlement in International Trade’, International
Organization, 61 (4), October, 735–61..............................................................[ ]
7.1.2 PREPRINT of Marc L. Busch (2007), ‘Overlapping Institutions,
Forum Shopping, and Dispute Settlement in International Trade’....................[ ]
8
7.2 Judith L. Goldstein and Richard H. Steinberg (2008), ‘Negotiate

or Litigate? Effects of WTO Judicial Delegation on U.S. Trade
Policy’, Law and Contemporary Problems, 71 (1), Winter, 257–
82.......................................................................................................[ ]
7.3 John H. Jackson (1997), ‘The WTO Dispute Settlement

Understanding – Misunderstandings on the Nature of Legal
Obligation’, American Journal of International Law, 91 (1),
January, 60–4......................................................................................[ ]
7.4 Alan O. Sykes and Warren F. Schwartz (2002), ‘The Economic

Structure of Renegotiation and Dispute Resolution in the World
Trade Organization’, Journal of Legal Studies, 31 (S1), January,
179–204..............................................................................................[ ]
7.5 Steven P. Croley and John H. Jackson (1996), ‘WTO Dispute

Procedures, Standard of Review, and Deference to National
Governments’, American Journal of International Law, 90 (2),
April, 193–213.....................................................................................[ ]
7.6 Richard H Steinberg (2004), ‘Judicial Lawmaking at the WTO:

Discursive, Constitutional, and Political Constraints’, American
Journal of International Law, 98 (2), April, 247–75................................[ ]
7.7 Joost Pauwelyn (2001), ‘The Role of Public International Law in

the WTO: How Far Can We Go?’, American Journal of
International Law, 95 (3), July, 535–78.................................................[ ]
8 Preferential Trade Agreements []

8.1 Jagdish Bhagwati (1992), ‘Regionalism versus Multilateralism’,
The World Economy, 15 (5), September, 535-56...................................[ ]
8.2 Dr. Rafael Leal-Arcas (2011), ‘Proliferation of Regional Trade

Agreements: Complementing or Supplanting Multilateralism?’,
Chicago Journal of International Law, 11 (2), February, 597–629...........[ ]
8.3 J. H. H. Weiler (1991), ‘The Transformation of Europe’, Yale

Law Journal, 100 (8), 2403–83.............................................................[ ]
8.4 Henrik Horn, Petros C. Mavroidis and André Sapir (2010),

‘Beyond the WTO? An Anatomy of EU and US Preferential
Trade Agreements’..............................................................................[ ]
8.4.1 Henrik Horn, Petros C. Mavroidis and André Sapir (2010), ‘Beyond
the WTO? An Anatomy of EU and US Preferential Trade
Agreements’, The World Economy, 33 (11), 1565–88......................................[ ]
9
8.4.2 EARLIER VERSION of Henrik Horn, Petros C. Mavroidis and

André Sapir (2010), ‘Beyond the WTO? An Anatomy of EU and US
Preferential Trade Agreements’.........................................................................[ ]
8.5 Chad P. Bown (2017), ‘Mega-Regional Trade Agreements and

the Future of the WTO’, Global Policy, 8 (1), 107–12............................[ ]
8.6 Mireya Solís and Jeffrey D. Wilson (2017), ‘From APEC to

Mega-Regionals: The Evolution of the Asia-Pacific Trade
Architecture’, The Pacific Review, 30 (6), 923–37.................................[ ]
8.7 Julien Sylvestre-Fleury and Jean-Michel Marcoux (2016), ‘The

US Shaping of State-Owned Enterprise Disciplines in the Trans-
Pacific Partnership’, Journal of International Economic Law, 19
(2), June, 445–65.................................................................................[ ]
8.8 Simon Lester and Inu Barbee (2013), ‘The Challenge of

Cooperation: Regulatory Trade Barriers in the Transatlantic Trade
and Investment Partnership’, Journal of International Economic
Law, 16 (4), December, 847–67............................................................[ ]
9 Developing Countries []
9.1 T. N. Srinivasan (1999), ‘Developing Countries in the World
Trading System: From GATT, 1947, to the Third Ministerial
Meeting of WTO, 1999’.......................................................................[ ]
9.1.1 N. Srinivasan (1999), ‘Developing Countries in the World Trading
System: From GATT, 1947, to the Third Ministerial Meeting of
WTO, 1999’, The World Economy, 22 (8), November, 1047–64.....................[ ]
9.1.2 PREPRINT of T. N. Srinivasan (1999), ‘Developing Countries in the
World Trading System: From GATT, 1947, to the Third Ministerial
Meeting of WTO, 1999’.....................................................................................[ ]
9.2 Robert Hunter Wade (2003), ‘What Strategies are Viable for
Developing Countries Today? The World Trade Organization and
the Shrinking of “Development Space”’, Review of International
Political Economy, 10 (4), November, 621–44......................................[ ]
9.3 Amrita Narlikar (2010), ‘New Powers in the Club: The

Challenges of Global Trade Governance’, International Affairs,
86 (3), May, 717–28.............................................................................[ ]
9.4 Marc L. Busch and Eric Reinhardt (2003), ‘Developing Countries

and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade
Organization Dispute Settlement’, Journal of World Trade, 37 (4),
719–35................................................................................................[ ]
10
9.5 Gregory Shaffer (2006), ‘The Challenges of WTO Law:

Strategies for Developing Country Adaptation’......................................[ ]
9.5.1 Gregory Shaffer (2006), ‘The Challenges of WTO Law: Strategies
for Developing Country Adaptation’, World Trade Review, 5 (2),
July, 177–98.......................................................................................................[ ]
9.5.2 PREPRINT of Gregory Shaffer (2006), ‘The Challenges of WTO
Law: Strategies for Developing Country Adaptation’.......................................[ ]
10 Other Challenges []
10.1 Mark Wu (2016), ‘The “China, Inc.” Challenge to Global Trade
Governance’, Harvard International Law Journal, 57 (2), Spring,
261–324..............................................................................................[ ]
10.2 Joseph E. Stiglitz (2017), ‘The Overselling of Globalization’,

Business Economics, 52 (3), July, 129-37..............................................[ ]
1
1
Economic and Political Logic
of Trade Rules and Principles
ChapterNumber:
2
1.1
Paul R. Krugman (1987), ‘Is Free Trade Passe?’,

Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1 (2), Autumn,
131–44
https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/jep.1.2.131
1.2
Kyle Bagwell and Robert W. Staiger (1999), ’An

Economic Theory of GATT’, American Economic
Review, 89 (1), March, 215–48
https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/aer.89.1.215
1.3
B. Peter Rosendorff and Helen V.
Milner (2001), ‘The Optimal
Design of International Trade
Institutions: Uncertainty and
Escape’
1.3.1
Peter Rosendorff and Helen V. Milner (2001), ‘The

Optimal Design of International Trade Institutions:
Uncertainty and Escape’, International
Organization, 55 (4), Autumn, 829–57
3
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3078617
1.3.2
PREPRINT of B. Peter Rosendorff and Helen V.

Milner (2001), ‘The Optimal Design of
International Trade Institutions: Uncertainty and
Escape’
https://s18798.pcdn.co/faculty-rosendorff/wp-content/uploads/sites/
1510/2015/03/finalversion.pdf
1.4
Alan O. Sykes (1999), ‘Regulatory Protectionism

and the Law of International Trade’, University of
Chicago Law Review, 66 (1), Winter, 1–46
https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=13629&context=journal_articles
1.5
Andrew T. F. Lang (2006), ‘Reconstructing

Embedded Liberalism: John Gerard Ruggie and
Constructivist Approaches to the Study of the
International Trade Regime’, Journal of
International Economic Law, 9 (1), March, 81–116
https://academic.oup.com/jiel/article-abstract/9/1/81/847605
ChapterNumber:
4
5
2
History and Negotiation of
the GATT/WTO System
ChapterNumber:
6
2.1
Paul Demaret (1995), ‘The Metamorphoses of the

GATT: From the Havana Charter to the World
Trade Organization’, Columbia Journal of
Transnational Law, 34 (1), 123–71
https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/cjtl34&i=131
2.2
Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann (1995), ‘The

Transformation of the World Trading System
Through the 1994 Agreement Establishing the
World Trade Organization’, European Journal of
International Law, 6 (1), 161–221
https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/
eurint6&section=24
2.3
Michael A. Bailey, Judith Goldstein and Barry R.

Weingast (1997), ‘The Institutional Roots of
American Trade Policy: Politics, Coalitions, and
International Trade’, World Politics, 49 (3), April,
309–38
wpot49&section=19
7
2.4
Richard H. Steinberg (2002), ‘In the Shadow of

Law or Power? Consensus-Based Bargaining and
Outcomes in the GATT/WTO’, International
Organization, 56 (2), Spring, 339–74
9
3
Non-Discrimination
ChapterNumber:
10
3.1
Nicholas DiMascio and Joost Pauwelyn (2008),

‘Nondiscrimination in Trade and Investment
Treaties: Worlds Apart or Two Sides of the Same
Coin?’, American Journal of International Law, 102
(1), January, 48–89
ajil102&section=8
3.2
Henrik Horn and Petros C. Mavroidis (2001),

‘Economic and Legal Aspects of the Most-Favored-
Nation Clause’, European Journal of Political
Economy, 17 (2), June, 233–79
https://files.pca-cpa.org/pcadocs/bi-c/1.%20Investors/4.%20Legal
%20Authorities/CA219.pdf
11
4
Trade Remedies:
Antidumping, Safeguards,
and Countervailing Duties
ChapterNumber:
12
4.1
Chad P. Bown (2011), ‘Taking Stock of

Antidumping, Safeguards, and Countervailing
Duties, 1990–2009’, World Economy Special Issue:
Global Trade Policy, 34 (12), December, 1955–98
https://www.chadpbown.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Bown-
TWE-2011.pdf
4.2
Bernard M. Hoekman and Petros
C. Mavroidis (1996), ‘Dumping,
Antidumping and Antitrust’,
4.2.1
Bernard M. Hoekman and Petros C. Mavroidis

(1996), ‘Dumping, Antidumping and Antitrust’,
Journal of World Trade, 30 (1), 27–52
https://libguides.law.ucla.edu/locked/trade
4.2.2
REPRINT of Bernard M. Hoekman and Petros C.

Mavroidis (1996), ‘Dumping, Antidumping and
Antitrust’ in The World Trading System:
Administered Protection 195-222 (Robert Howse &
Petrus van Bork, eds., 1998)
13
https://www.google.com/books/edition/
The_World_Trading_System_Administered_pr/IMf6QvjoYD4C?
hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA195&printsec=frontcover
4.3
Joseph E. Stiglitz (1997), ‘Dumping on Free Trade:

The U.S. Import Trade Laws’, Southern Economic
Journal, 64 (2), October, 402–24
https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D88G8WBM
4.4
Gary N. Horlick and Peggy A. Clarke (2010), ‘WTO

Subsidies Discipline During and After the Crisis’,
Journal of International Economic Law, 13 (3),
September, 859–74
https://academic.oup.com/jiel/article-pdf/13/3/859/2596463/
jgq043.pdf
4.5
Alan O. Sykes (2003), ‘The
Safeguards Mess: A Critique of
WTO Jurisprudence’
ChapterNumber:
14
4.5.1
Alan O. Sykes (2003), ‘The Safeguards Mess: A

Critique of WTO Jurisprudence’, World Trade
Review, 2 (3), November, 261–95
https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/wtradev2&i=239
4.5.2
PREPRINT of Alan O. Sykes (2003), ‘The

Safeguards Mess: A Critique of WTO
Jurisprudence’
article=1570&context=law_and_economics
4.6
Joost Pauwelyn (2004), ‘The Puzzle of WTO

Safeguards and Regional Trade Agreements’,
March, 109–42
https://academic.oup.com/jiel/article-pdf/7/1/109/2560367/jqh005.pdf
15
5
Intellectual Property and
Services
ChapterNumber:
16
5.1
Keith E. Maskus and Jerome H. Reichman (2004),

‘The Globalization of Private Knowledge Goods
and the Privatization of Global Public Goods’,
Journal of International Economic Law, 7 (2), June,
279–320
http://web.law.duke.edu/cspd/articles/reichman.pdf
5.2
Frederick M. Abbott (2005), ‘The WTO Medicines

Decision: World Pharmaceutical Trade and the
Protection of Public Health’, American Journal of
International Law, 99 (2), April, 317–58
https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/ajil99&i=327
5.3
Juan A. Marchetti and Petros C. Mavroidis (2011),

‘The Genesis of the GATS (General Agreement on
Trade in Services)’, European Journal of
International Law, 22 (3), August, 689–721
http://www.ejil.org/pdfs/22/3/2173.pdf
17
5.4
Jonathan Crystal (2003), ‘Bargaining in the

Negotiations Over Liberalizing Trade in Services:
Power, Reciprocity, and Learning’, Review of
International Political Economy, 10 (3), August,
552–78
5.5
Bernard Hoekman and Aaditya
Mattoo (2000), ‘Services,
Economic Development, and the
Next Round of Negotiations on
Services'
5.5.1
Bernard Hoekman and Aaditya Mattoo (2000),

‘Services, Economic Development, and the Next
Round of Negotiations on Services’, Journal of
International Development, 12 (2), March, 283–96
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/%28SICI%291099-
1328%28200003%2912%3A2%3C283%3A%3AAID-
JID663%3E3.0.CO%3B2-8
ChapterNumber:
18
5.5.2
PREPRINT of Bernard Hoekman and Aaditya

Mattoo (2000), ‘Services, Economic Development,
and the Next Round of Negotiations on Services'
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
doi=10.1.1.194.3919&rep=rep1&type=pdf
5.6
Rudolf Adluag and Peter Morrison (2010), ‘Less

Than GATS: “Negative Preferences” in Regional
Services Agreements’, Journal of International
Economic Law, 13 (4), December, 1103–43
jgq021.pdf
19
6
Trade and…Environment,
Labor, Human Rights,
Morality
ChapterNumber:
20
6.1
Richard B. Stewart (1993), ‘Environmental

Regulation and International Competitiveness’,
Yale Law Journal, 102 (8), June, 2039–106
https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
referer=https://scholar.google.com/
&httpsredir=1&article=7504&context=ylj
6.2
Paul Krugman (1997), ‘What Should Trade

Negotiators Negotiate About?’, Journal of
Economic Literature, 35 (1), March, 113–20
http://www2.hawaii.edu/~noy/362texts/Krugman-negotiations.pdf
6.3
Richard H. Steinberg (1997), ‘Trade-Environment

Negotiations in the EU, NAFTA, and WTO:
Regional Trajectories of Rule Development’,
American Journal of International Law, 91 (2),
April, 231–67
21
6.4
Erich Vranes (2016), ‘Carbon Taxes, PPMs and the

GATT’, in Panagiotis Delimatsis, (ed.), Research
Handbook on Climate Change and Trade Law,
Chapter 4, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton,
MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 77–108
https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783478446.00014
6.5
PREPRINT of Thomas Cottier, Olga Nartova and

Anirudh Shingal (2014), ‘The Potential of Tariff
Policy for Climate Change Mitigation: Legal and
Economic Analysis’, Journal of World Trade, 48 (5),
1007–37
https://unctad.org/meetings/en/Contribution/
ditc_ted_03042014Cottier_Shingal_Nartova.pdf
6.6
Michael J. Trebilcock and Robert Howse (2005),

‘Trade Policy and Labor Standards’, Minnesota
Journal of Global Trade, 14 (2), 261–300
https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1021&context=mjil
ChapterNumber:
22
6.7
Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann (2000), ‘The WTO

Constitution and Human Rights’, Journal of
International Economic Law, 3 (1), March, 19–25
https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/jiel3&i=29
6.8
Philip Alston (2002), ‘Resisting the Merger and

Acquisition of Human Rights by Trade Law: A
Reply to Petersmann’, European Journal of
International Law, 13 (4), September, 815–44
http://ejil.org/pdfs/13/4/1562.pdf
6.9
Steve Charnovitz (1998), ‘The Moral Exception in

Trade Policy’, Virginia Journal of International
Law, 38 (4), Summer, 689–746
https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/vajint38&i=701
23
7
Dispute Settlement
ChapterNumber:
24
7.1
Marc L. Busch (2007),
‘Overlapping Institutions, Forum
Shopping, and Dispute
Settlement in International
Trade’
7.1.1
Marc L. Busch (2007), ‘Overlapping Institutions,

Forum Shopping, and Dispute Settlement in
International Trade’, International Organization,
61 (4), October, 735–61
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818307070257
7.1.2
PREPRINT of Marc L. Busch (2007), ‘Overlapping

Institutions, Forum Shopping, and Dispute
Settlement in International Trade’
25
7.2
Judith L. Goldstein and Richard H. Steinberg

(2008), ‘Negotiate or Litigate? Effects of WTO
Judicial Delegation on U.S. Trade Policy’, Law and
Contemporary Problems, 71 (1), Winter, 257–82
https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://
scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1459&context=lcp
7.3
John H. Jackson (1997), ‘The WTO Dispute

Settlement Understanding – Misunderstandings on
the Nature of Legal Obligation’, American Journal
of International Law, 91 (1), January, 60–4
7.4
Alan O. Sykes and Warren F. Schwartz (2002), ‘The

Economic Structure of Renegotiation and Dispute
Resolution in the World Trade Organization’,
Journal of Legal Studies, 31 (S1), January, 179–204
https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/340406
7.5
Steven P. Croley and John H. Jackson (1996),

‘WTO Dispute Procedures, Standard of Review,
and Deference to National Governments’, American
Journal of International Law, 90 (2), April, 193–213
ChapterNumber:
26
7.6
Richard H Steinberg (2004), ‘Judicial Lawmaking

at the WTO: Discursive, Constitutional, and
Political Constraints’, American Journal of
International Law, 98 (2), April, 247–75
7.7
Joost Pauwelyn (2001), ‘The Role of Public

International Law in the WTO: How Far Can We
Go?’, American Journal of International Law, 95
(3), July, 535–78
https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1065&context=faculty_scholarship
27
8
Preferential Trade
Agreements
ChapterNumber:
28
8.1
Jagdish Bhagwati (1992), ‘Regionalism versus

Multilateralism’, The World Economy, 15 (5),
September, 535-56
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/161442768.pdf
8.2
Dr. Rafael Leal-Arcas (2011), ‘Proliferation of

Regional Trade Agreements: Complementing or
Supplanting Multilateralism?’, Chicago Journal of
International Law, 11 (2), February, 597–629
article=1653&context=cjil
8.3
J. H. H. Weiler (1991), ‘The Transformation of

Europe’, Yale Law Journal, 100 (8), 2403–83
https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=7371&context=ylj
29
8.4
Henrik Horn, Petros C.
Mavroidis and André Sapir
(2010), ‘Beyond the WTO? An
Anatomy of EU and US
Preferential Trade Agreements’
8.4.1
Henrik Horn, Petros C. Mavroidis and André Sapir

(2010), ‘Beyond the WTO? An Anatomy of EU and
US Preferential Trade Agreements’, The World
Economy, 33 (11), 1565–88
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2010.01273.x
8.4.2
EARLIER VERSION of Henrik Horn, Petros C.

Mavroidis and André Sapir (2010), ‘Beyond the
WTO? An Anatomy of EU and US Preferential
Trade Agreements’
https://www.bruegel.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/publications/
bp_trade_jan09.pdf
ChapterNumber:
30
8.5
Chad P. Bown (2017), ‘Mega-Regional Trade

Agreements and the Future of the WTO’, Global
Policy, 8 (1), 107–12
https://www.chadpbown.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Bown-GP-
2017.pdf
8.6
Mireya Solís and Jeffrey D. Wilson (2017), ‘From

APEC to Mega-Regionals: The Evolution of the
Asia-Pacific Trade Architecture’, The Pacific
Review, 30 (6), 923–37
https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2017.1305438
8.7
Julien Sylvestre-Fleury and Jean-Michel Marcoux

(2016), ‘The US Shaping of State-Owned Enterprise
Disciplines in the Trans-Pacific Partnership’,
June, 445–65
jgw046.pdf
31
8.8
Simon Lester and Inu Barbee (2013), ‘The

Challenge of Cooperation: Regulatory Trade
Barriers in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment
Partnership’, Journal of International Economic
Law, 16 (4), December, 847–67
jgt026.pdf
33
9
Developing Countries
ChapterNumber:
34
9.1
T. N. Srinivasan (1999),
‘Developing Countries in the
World Trading System: From
GATT, 1947, to the Third
Ministerial Meeting of WTO,
1999’
9.1.1
N. Srinivasan (1999), ‘Developing Countries in the

World Trading System: From GATT, 1947, to the
Third Ministerial Meeting of WTO, 1999’, The
World Economy, 22 (8), November, 1047–64
https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00247
9.1.2
PREPRINT of T. N. Srinivasan (1999), ‘Developing

Countries in the World Trading System: From
GATT, 1947, to the Third Ministerial Meeting of
WTO, 1999’
https://www.iatp.org/sites/default/files/
Developing_Countries_in_the_World_Trading_Syst.pdf
35
9.2
Robert Hunter Wade (2003), ‘What Strategies are

Viable for Developing Countries Today? The World
Trade Organization and the Shrinking of
“Development Space”’, Review of International
Political Economy, 10 (4), November, 621–44
https://media.law.wisc.edu/m/ngzmm/trade_policy7.pdf
9.3
Amrita Narlikar (2010), ‘New Powers in the Club:

The Challenges of Global Trade Governance’,
International Affairs, 86 (3), May, 717–28
9.4
Marc L. Busch and Eric Reinhardt (2003),

‘Developing Countries and the General Agreement
on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization
Dispute Settlement’, Journal of World Trade, 37 (4),
719–35
ChapterNumber:
36
9.5
Gregory Shaffer (2006), ‘The
Challenges of WTO Law:
Strategies for Developing
Country Adaptation’
9.5.1
Gregory Shaffer (2006), ‘The Challenges of WTO

Law: Strategies for Developing Country
Adaptation’, World Trade Review, 5 (2), July, 177–
98
https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/wtradev5&i=177
9.5.2
PREPRINT of Gregory Shaffer (2006), ‘The

Challenges of WTO Law: Strategies for Developing
Country Adaptation’
https://media.law.wisc.edu/s/c_8/m2mxy/gstco.pdf
37
10
Other Challenges
ChapterNumber:
38
10.1
Mark Wu (2016), ‘The “China, Inc.” Challenge to Global

Trade Governance’, Harvard International Law Journal,
57 (2), Spring, 261–324
https://harvardilj.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/HLI210_crop.pdf
10.2
Joseph E. Stiglitz (2017), ‘The Overselling of

Globalization’, Business Economics, 52 (3), July, 129-37
https://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/faculty/jstiglitz/sites/jstiglitz/files/The
%20Overselling%20of%20Globalization_0.pdf
39
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1 Economic and Political Logic of Trade Rules and

1.2 Kyle Bagwell and Robert W. Staiger (1999), ’An Economic

1.3 B. Peter Rosendorff and Helen V. Milner (2001), ‘The Optimal

1.4 Alan O. Sykes (1999), ‘Regulatory Protectionism and the Law of

1.5 Andrew T. F. Lang (2006), ‘Reconstructing Embedded

2 History and Negotiation of the GATT/WTO System []

2.2 Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann (1995), ‘The Transformation of the

2.3 Michael A. Bailey, Judith Goldstein and Barry R. Weingast

Politics, Coalitions, and International Trade’, World Politics, 49

2.4 Richard H. Steinberg (2002), ‘In the Shadow of Law or Power?

3.2 Henrik Horn and Petros C. Mavroidis (2001), ‘Economic and

4 Trade Remedies: Antidumping, Safeguards, and

4.2 Bernard M. Hoekman and Petros C. Mavroidis (1996),

4.3 Joseph E. Stiglitz (1997), ‘Dumping on Free Trade: The U.S.

4.4 Gary N. Horlick and Peggy A. Clarke (2010), ‘WTO Subsidies

4.5 Alan O. Sykes (2003), ‘The Safeguards Mess: A Critique of

4.5.1 Alan O. Sykes (2003), ‘The Safeguards Mess: A Critique of WTO

4.6 Joost Pauwelyn (2004), ‘The Puzzle of WTO Safeguards and

5 Intellectual Property and Services []

5.2 Frederick M. Abbott (2005), ‘The WTO Medicines Decision:

5.3 Juan A. Marchetti and Petros C. Mavroidis (2011), ‘The Genesis

5.4 Jonathan Crystal (2003), ‘Bargaining in the Negotiations Over

5.5 Bernard Hoekman and Aaditya Mattoo (2000), ‘Services,

6 Trade and…Environment, Labor, Human Rights,

6.1 Richard B. Stewart (1993), ‘Environmental Regulation and

6.2 Paul Krugman (1997), ‘What Should Trade Negotiators Negotiate

6.3 Richard H. Steinberg (1997), ‘Trade-Environment Negotiations in

6.5 PREPRINT of Thomas Cottier, Olga Nartova and Anirudh

6.6 Michael J. Trebilcock and Robert Howse (2005), ‘Trade Policy

6.7 Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann (2000), ‘The WTO Constitution and

6.8 Philip Alston (2002), ‘Resisting the Merger and Acquisition of

6.9 Steve Charnovitz (1998), ‘The Moral Exception in Trade Policy’,

7.2 Judith L. Goldstein and Richard H. Steinberg (2008), ‘Negotiate

7.3 John H. Jackson (1997), ‘The WTO Dispute Settlement

7.4 Alan O. Sykes and Warren F. Schwartz (2002), ‘The Economic

7.5 Steven P. Croley and John H. Jackson (1996), ‘WTO Dispute

7.6 Richard H Steinberg (2004), ‘Judicial Lawmaking at the WTO:

7.7 Joost Pauwelyn (2001), ‘The Role of Public International Law in

8 Preferential Trade Agreements []

8.2 Dr. Rafael Leal-Arcas (2011), ‘Proliferation of Regional Trade

8.3 J. H. H. Weiler (1991), ‘The Transformation of Europe’, Yale

8.4 Henrik Horn, Petros C. Mavroidis and André Sapir (2010),

8.4.2 EARLIER VERSION of Henrik Horn, Petros C. Mavroidis and

8.5 Chad P. Bown (2017), ‘Mega-Regional Trade Agreements and

8.6 Mireya Solís and Jeffrey D. Wilson (2017), ‘From APEC to

8.7 Julien Sylvestre-Fleury and Jean-Michel Marcoux (2016), ‘The

8.8 Simon Lester and Inu Barbee (2013), ‘The Challenge of

9.3 Amrita Narlikar (2010), ‘New Powers in the Club: The

9.4 Marc L. Busch and Eric Reinhardt (2003), ‘Developing Countries

9.5 Gregory Shaffer (2006), ‘The Challenges of WTO Law:

10.2 Joseph E. Stiglitz (2017), ‘The Overselling of Globalization’,

Paul R. Krugman (1987), ‘Is Free Trade Passe?’,

Kyle Bagwell and Robert W. Staiger (1999), ’An

Peter Rosendorff and Helen V. Milner (2001), ‘The

PREPRINT of B. Peter Rosendorff and Helen V.

Alan O. Sykes (1999), ‘Regulatory Protectionism

Andrew T. F. Lang (2006), ‘Reconstructing

Paul Demaret (1995), ‘The Metamorphoses of the