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Examination Scheduling System
Examination Scheduling System
CONSULTANCY REPORT
By
Mr. Guruprasath V A
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CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1.Background of the Project
1.2.Problem Statement
1.3. Objectives of the Project
1.4.General Objective
1.5.Specific Objectives
1.6.Significance of the Study
1.7.Scope and Delimitation
1.8.Definition of Term
3. PROJECT DESIGN
3.1.Logical Design
3.2.Entity Relation Diagram (ERD) and its description
3.3.Data Flow Diagram (DFD) and its description
3.4.Physical Design
4 . SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
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1.INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses about the background of the Project, Problem, Objectives(General, Specific),
Significance of the Study, Scope and Delimitation, at the end definition of Terms.
The project can be used by any higher educational institution. The schedule will be prepared based on the
input course list and clash list. The study shows that all Colleges of Technology in Oman are accomplishing
this scheduling task manually or using Unitime software. The automated systems they use at present help
them to a certain extent in minimizing the number of clashes (a clash is defined here as a student having two
exams in one day) but they don’t completely solve the problem. Therefore, there is a good level of scope for
the higher education sector of Oman to use such an expert system to solve their academic administrative
tasks like exam scheduling.
- Artificial Intelligence: is concerned with methods of developing systems that display aspects of
intelligent behavior. These systems are designed to imitate the human capabilities of thinking
and sensing.
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2.SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND ANALYSIS
System Requirement and analysis is a process of gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing problems
and the information to recommend improvements on the system. It is a problem solving activity that
requires intensive communication between the system users and system developers. The system is
viewed as a whole and the input to the system are identified. The outputs from the organizations are
traced to the various processes. System analysis is concerned with becoming aware of the problem,
identifying the relevant and decisional variables, analyzing and synthesizing the various factors and
determining an optimal or at least a satisfactory solution or program of action.
In 1978, Carter developed an algorithm for final examination scheduling at the University of Waterloo
(Canada). This system [2] was extended in 1985 for scheduling all area high school examinations. The
basic algorithm uses graph coloring techniques and integrates the ability to take into account preferred
constraints such as that several courses must be preassigned to fixed time periods or that no student
should be required to sit for three or more consecutive exams.
In 1978, Desroches, Laporte and Rousseau [3] presented the system HOREX, a name derived from the
French "Horaire" for timetable. Their method consisted of the following general steps: First, they find p
sets of non-conflicting examinations, where p is the number of periods (graph coloring algorithm). Then
they combine these sets in order to have a minimum number of students having two examinations the
same day (branch and bound code for integer linear programming). In order to maximize the number of
examinations scheduled in the morning, they use a heuristic for the knapsack problem. Finally, the days
are ordered using a traveling salesman problem heuristic in order to minimize the number of
"successions" in which a student must take examinations on consecutive days.
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The user can input the course list The system creates the knowledge
and clash list base that contains course details
and clash details
The user can input Hard and Soft The system assigns weightage to
constraints each course based on number of
clashing courses and number of
common students between courses.
The user selects the list convenient Based on weightage, the system
to him. will generate the different non-
clash list for first day of
examination.
The system generates the non-clash
course list for rest of the days.
The user can view all the lists The system generate output CSV
generated by the system. file containing exam schedule.
Usability:
Anybody who has knowledge in prolog can use this project. Alternatively the person in charge for
examination scheduling can be trained to use this project easily.
Performance:
The system should produce exam schedule with addressing all the conditions like clashing, resource
limitations etc.
Reliability:
The system should generate the exam schedule consistently considering all constraints.
Security:
Only the admin will be using this software in his/her standalone system.
Operational:
The design of system is compatible with operating system for computer.
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3.PROJECT DESIGN
User requirements are a detailed analysis of the system and how it works. There are several tools to
analyze the system and design. In this unit we will explain this Data Flow Diagram and Entity
relationship, which we use for analysis and design of the system.
Logical design is an abstract concept in computer programming by which programmers arrange data
in a series of logical relationships known as attributes or entities. An entity refers to a chunk of
information, whereas an attribute defines the unique properties of an entity.
DFD is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through an information system? It shows what
kind of information will be input to and output from the system, where the data will come from and go
to and where the data will be stored. It does not show information about the timing of processes or
information about whether processes will operate in sequence.
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 3.1 Context Level of the Examination Scheduling System.
Figure 3.1 there is shows that the a user prolog knowledge base that contains clashes and courses. The
system generates the exam schedule for 9 days .
At this level present how the system is divided into sub-systems (processes).
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Figure 3.2 Level 0 Data Flow Diagram for venue allocation.
Figure 3.2 depicts the venue allocation module. In this module the user inputs Exam schedule generated
through first module, Venue list with capacity and venue for special courses such as IT lab. The system
allocates venue according to the constraints given. The system takes the section size and allocates
according to the capacity of the venue. If the section size is less, the system adds two or three sections
in one venue.
Figure 3.3 Level 0 Data Flow Diagram for first invigilator allocation.
Figure 3.3 explains the first invigilator module. The user inputs the invigilators list and exam schedule
with venues. The system allocates the first invigilators based on the constraints given by the user. The
constraints used here are number of duties per staff and IT staff for IT lab.
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Figure 3.4 Level 0 Data Flow Diagram for second invigilator allocation.
Figure 3.3 explains the second invigilator allocation module. In this module user inputs the invigilators
list and exam schedule with venues and first invigilator. The system allocates the second invigilators
based on the constraints given by the user.
In 3.5, shows the schematic diagram of the examination scheduling system. The system has four modules
namely, Exam schedule, Venue allocation, Firs invigilator allocation and second invigilator allocation
module. The results of all modules are saved as Prolog Knowledge Base .
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4.SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
The system implementation phase is the stage of a project during which the theory is converted / turned
into practical. The conversion is one of the most crucial and expensive activities in the system
development life cycle because the data from the old system needs to be converted to operate in the new
format of the new system. Before actually implementing the new system into operation, a test run of the
system is done for removing the bugs, if any. It is an important phase of a successful system. After
codifying the whole programs of the system, a test plan should be developed and run on a given set of
test data. The output of the test run should match the expected results.
This chapter discusses about the system execution and result generation. The system is tested with the
actual inputs. The semester -1 class list and clash list of Ibri College of Technology is taken from
Colleges Information Management System (CIMS) has been given as inputs to the system.
Totally 147 courses and 2894 clash records were given as input to the system. The system generated the
exam schedule for 12 days without any clash. The exam was restricted for 9 days. Therefore, the system
allocated the remaining courses (courses for 10th day to 12th day, 10 course) from day 1 to day 9 so that
it would cause a minimum possible clashes (40). The system doesn’t find the best solution, but it finds
an optimum solution.
The inputs for venue allocation were the list of exam schedule and 44 venues including 13 IT labs. The
system allocated venue for all exams. The exam schedule with allocated venue was given as input to the
invigilator allocation module. Apart from the invigilator list, a constraint that assigns IT lecturer to IT
lab courses has been given as input. The number of invigilation duty was restricted to 3 for first
invigilators. The system allocated invigilator for all the venues (exams).
The output generated by first invigilator allocation module was given as input to the second invigilator
allocation module. The number invigilation duty was given as 5. The system allocated second invigilator
to all exams.
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5.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 CONCLUSION
The scheduling module was tested two times; one during midterm examination for semester-1 and
second time during the final examination for the same semester. It found that the system gives an
optimum solution. Also the system replaced the manual scheduling system.
As explained in the above section, we used three heuristic functions for the test. We used a data set of
a college where Choice Based Credit System is practiced. The data set includes 175 courses from
different disciplines. we had 1727 clash records. Nearly 3000 students were studying these courses.
The following were the results:
No. of 7 8 9 10 11
Examination
days
No. of 5 1 0 - -
courses
Clashing
No. of 14 2 0 - -
Students
Clashing
Test results for the heuristic function, h1 = Number of clashing courses
5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
As it has been funded by The Research Council of Oman(TRC), the project will be continued to add the
following features.
1. A suitable front-end will be interfaced to enable a smooth user interaction through GUI.
2. Direct interaction with database.
3. Venue allocation based on resource availability will be added.
4. Invigilator allocation based on their preferred dates.
5. Providing decisions /suggestions during the course registration in order to enable a flexible
examination scheduling.
6. System to calculate automatically the maximum number of invigilation duties.
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