Advanced Level Physics Physics 2020 Model Paper by Prof - Kalinga Bandara

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wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% (Wiia fm<) úNd.h - 2020

fN!;sl úoHdj - I
A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof.
Advanced Level Prepared by Prof. Kalinga Bandara
Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L
Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga
PHYSICS- 2020 University of Peradeniya
Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics -
Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics -
ld,h meh 2 ls
01. Yla;s uekSug Ndú;d l< fkdyels tallh jkqfha"
(1) eV (2) kW h (3) V C (4) N m (5) W s-1
02. 𝑣 = 𝑘𝜌𝑎 𝑃𝑏 f,i olajk iólrKfha 𝑣 m%fõ.h o 𝜌 >k;ajh o 𝑃 mSvkh o fõ' 𝑘 udk
fkdue;s ksh;hls' 𝑎 iy 𝑏 j, w.hka ljf¾o@
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

a -1/2 1/2 -2 2 -3/2
b 1/2 -1/2 2 -2 3/2
03. ,ËHhla u; l%shd lrk tal;, n, moaO;shla wdo¾Ykh lsrSug ÿkq ;rdos moaO;shla fhdod
.; yels h' my; tla tla rEm igyk uÕska oelafjkqfha tlsfkl yd iïnkaO lrk ,o ÿkq
;rdos ;=kla iys; moaO;s myls' tajdhska ljr moaO;sh iu;=,s;;djfha mej;sh yels o ?
10 N 10 N 10 N
5N 20 N
10 N 10 N
5N 20 N
(1) (2) (3)
10 N 8N
14 N 10 N
9N 6N
(4) (5)
A/L Physics - 2020 Foundations of Physics

Prof. Kalinga Bandara
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04. ;=kS wNsidß ldphla bosßfhka jia;=jla ;nd

m%;súreoaO me;af;a msysá ;srhlg jia;=fõ
;d;aúl hál=re m%;sìïNhla ,nd .kakd ℎ
w;r" m%;sìïNfha Wi ℎ′ iy m%;sìïN ÿr v ℎ′
𝑣
uek .kq ,efí' 𝑣 ys úYd,;ajh bosrsfha ℎ′
m%ia;dr.; l< úg tys yevh ljf¾ o@
ℎ′ ℎ′ ℎ′
ℎ′ ℎ′
𝑣 𝑣 𝑣
𝑣 𝑣
1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
05. rEmfha olajd we;af;a R, U yd S WIaK;aj mßudK ;=klg wkqrEm f,i c,fha ;dmdxlh
iy ysudxlh l%udxlkh lr we;s wkaouhs' tu WIaK;aj mßudK j,g wod,j 25 R, 25 S
yd 25 U hk WIaK;aj ukskq ,enqfõ kï tajd msyg
s k ms<sfj,"
c,fha ;dmdxlh 20 R 300 U 120 S
c,fha ysudxlh - 80 R 225 U 50 S
(1) 25 S > 25 U > 25 R (2) 25 R > 25 U > 25 S (3) 25 U > 25 S > 25 R

(4) 25 S > 25 R > 25 U (5) 25 R > 25 S > 25 U
06. mDÓú .=re;ajdl¾IK fCIa;%h .ek i|yka jk my; m%ldY i,ld n,kak' tajdhska i;H
m%ldYh jkqfha"
(1) mDÓú flakaøfha .=re;aj úNjh Y=kH úh hq;= h'

(2) mDÓú mDIaGh wdikakfha we;s ialkaOhla jvd úYd, ùfïos tys úNj Yla;sh Ok
w.hla njg m;a fõ'
(3) mDÓú mDIaGfhka hka;ñka úfhdaùug úoskq ,nk ialkaOhl uq¿ Yla;sh Y=kH fõ'
(4) mDÓú mDIaGfha isg ℎ Wilg 𝑚 ialkaOhla tiùug ,nd osh hq;= Yla;sh 𝑚𝑔ℎ fõ'
(5) mDÓú mDIaGfhka wE; isg ialkaOhla mDÓú mDIaGh foig f.k tau i|yd ld¾hhla
l< hq;= fõ'

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07. W n/;s 2 m os. taldldr AB oKavla rEmfha olajd we;s mrsos iqug msysodr folla u; ;sria
j ;nd we;' W n/;s fjk;a Ndrhla A ys ;nd l%ufhka B fj; ;,a¨ lsrSfï oS" A isg ukskq
,nk ÿr (x) wkqj" A ys oS we;s jk m%;sl%shdfõ úYd,;ajh (R) úp,kh jk wdldrh jvd;a
fyd|ska ksrEmKh jkqfka my; ljr m%ia;drfhka o?
x
A B
R R R R R
2W 2W
2W
xx x x x x
2 2 2 2 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
08. rEmfha oelafjk ;sria k,h osf.a >k;ajh 1296 kg m-3 jk øjhla wkjr; f,i .,d hhs'
k,h ueo fldgfia yrialv wrh r o" jï mi fldgfia yrialv wrh 2r o" ol=Kq mi
fldgfia yrialv wrh 3r o fõ' ueo fldgfia oS øjfha fõ.h 0.5 m s-1 fõ'
2r 3r
r
k,fha jï mi fldgfia isg ol=Kq mi fldgi olajd" 0.32 m3 øj mrsudjla f.k hdfï oS
flfrk iM, ld¾hh m%udKh jkafka"
(1) 10.4 J (2) 4.6 J (3) 3.2 J (4) 2.6 J (5) 0 J
09. m%ldY ixfõoS f,dayhl foay,Sh ixLHd;h f0 fõ¡ fuu f,dayh u; ixLHd;h f = 2f0 jQ
wdf,dalh m;kh l< úg ksl=;a jk m%ldY bf,lafg%dak j, Wmßu m%fõ.h 𝑣0 fõ¡ ixLHd;h
f = 5f0 jQ wdf,dalh by; f,dayh u; m;s; l< úg ksl=;a jk m%ldY bf,laafg%dakj, Wmßu
m%fõ.h jkafka"
(1) √2 𝑣0 (2) 2 𝑣0 (3) 2√2 𝑣0 (4) 𝑣0 (5) √3 𝑣0

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10. ialkaOh M yd wrh R jk uqÿjla tys ;,hg ,ïNlj flakaøh yryd hk wËh jgd ;sria
;,hl N%uKh úh yels mrsos ilid we;' rEmfha olajd we;s f,i AB kï úYalïNh Tiafia
𝑀
ieye,a,q lïìhla iïnkaO fldg we;s w;r ialkaOhka 8 ne.ska jQ l=vd mn¨ folla
flakaøhg wdikak j mj;S'

A B A B
wdrïNfha oS mn¨ fol ksYap,;djfha mj;sk w;r uqÿj  ksh; fldaKsl m%fõ.fhka
8𝜔
N%uKh fjñka mj;S' miqj mn¨ fol uqod yrskq ,nk w;r" uqÿfõ fldaKsl m%fõ.h jk
9
3𝑅
úg tla mn¨jla flakaøfha isg ÿrlska mj;S kï" wfkla mn¨j mej;sh hq;= ia:dkhg
5
flakaøfha isg ÿr jkqfha"
2𝑅 𝑅 3𝑅 𝑅 4𝑅
(1) (2) 3 (3) (4) 2 (5)
3 5 5
11. taldldr ;=kS f,day Ndckhla c, mDIaGhla u;

isriaj mejf;ñka mdfjk w;r Ndckh ;=< hï
c,h mrsudjla (V0) wvx.=h' úYd, isrskachla
Ndú;fhka Ndckfha jQ c,h iSrefjka bj;g
woskq ,efí' bj;g .kq ,nk c, mrsudj (V)
iuÕ n`ÿfka we;=<; yd msg; c, uÜgï w;r
Wi (h) úp,kh jk wdldrh olajk m%ia;drh
f;darkak' n`ÿk fkdfmfrf,k nj;a"
isrskacfha lgqfõ ;=v u; we;s jk Wvqlre
f;rmqu fkdie,lsh yels ;rï jk nj;a
i,lkak' h
h h
0 0 V
V 0 V0
0 V0 V
(1) V (2)
h h h
0 V 0 V 0 V
0 V0 0 V0 0 V0
(3) V (4) V (5) V

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12. tal flakaøSh ikakdhl l=yr f.da, foll wrhka ms<sfj<ska r1 yd r2 (> r1) jk w;r tu
tla tla f.da,hg Ok wdfrdamKh ne.ska ,nd oS we;af;a tajdfha mDIaGSh wdfrdamK >k;ajhka
tl yd iudk () jk mrsos h' fuu f.da, moaO;sfha fmdÿ flakaøfha úoHq;a úNjh jkqfha"
𝜎 𝑟 𝜎 𝑟 𝜎 𝜎
(1) 𝜀 ⋅ 𝑟1 (2) 𝜀 ⋅ 𝑟2 (3) 𝜀 ⋅ (𝑟1 − 𝑟2 ) (4) 𝜀 ⋅ (𝑟1 + 𝑟2 ) (5) 0
0 2 0 1 0 0
13. ;sria ìula u; isg A kï jia;=jla isria j by<g V0 wdrïNl m%fõ.fhka m%fËam flf¾'
uq,a jia;=j m%fËamkfhka t0 ld,hlg miq j tu ia:dkfha u isg B kï fojeks jia;j = la o
isria j by<g V0 wdrïNl m%fõ.fhka u m%fËam lrkqfha A yd B jia;= tlsfkl .efgk
mrsos h' A jia;=j m%fËam l< fudfydf;a isg A yd B jia;= tlsfkl .efgk wjia:dj olajd
ld,h (t) iuÕ B g idfmaËj A f.a m%fõ.h [VA,B] fjkia ùu oelafjk ksjeros m%ia;drh
jkqfha ljrla o?
VA,B VA,B VA,B

V0 V0 V0
t0 t t t
t0 t0
-gt0 -gt0 -gt0

VA,B (1) VA,B (2) (3)
V0 V0
t0 t t0 t
-gt0 -gt0
(4) (5)
14. Y%j;d foay,sh 1 × 10−12 W m-2 fõ' l¾udka; Yd,djl wêl f,i we;s flfrk Yíoh
fya;=fjka tys ì;a;sfha jQ os. 2 m yd Wi 1 m jk ljq¿jla wi, we;s jk èjks ;Sj%;d
uÜgu 80 dB fõ' Y%j;d foay,sh 1 × 10−12 W m-2 fõ kï by; ljq¿j yryd mehla ;=<
oS msg;g uqod yefrk èjks Yla;sh ljf¾ o@
(1) 2.0 × 10−4 J (2) 2.0 × 104 J (3) 3.6 × 10−1 J (4) 7.2 × 10−1 J (5) 7.2 × 10−2 J

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15. A yd B fudag¾ r: folla rEmfha mrsos ixLHd;h 165 Hz jQ S wp, èjks m%Njhla foig
p,s; fõ' A ys fõ.h 22 m s-1 jk w;r A ish k<dj 176 Hz ixLHd;fhka hq;= j kdo lrhs'
A B S
jd;fha èjks m%fõ.h 330 m s-1 kï yd B r:fha rshÿrd kq.eiqï Y%jKh fkdlrhs kï" B
r:fha fõ.h jkqfha"
(1) 33 m s-1 (2) 22 m s-1 (3) 55 m s-1 (4) 11 m s-1 (5) 44 m s-1
B
16. rEmfha olajd we;s mßm:fha C ,ËHhg
idfmaCIj A ,CIHfha úNjh - 2.0 V 5 5
jkafka kï D ,CIHhg idfmaCIj B
,CIHfha úNjh ljf¾ o@
I A C I
(1) - 0.6 V (2) Y=kH fõ'
B
(3) + 0.4 V (4) + 0.6 V 1 4
(5) + 2.6 V
D
S
17. 
1200 m
uela wxlh 1.25 jk fcÜ hdkhla fmd<fõ isg 1200 m by<ska ;sria j mshdir lrhs' iajksl
.s.sreu ñksidg wefik úg ñksid (M) yd fcÜ hdkh (S) hd lrk f¾Ldj ;sri iuÕ
idok fldaKh ( ) jkafka"
(1) tan -1 (0.8) (2) sin -1 (0.8) (3) cos -1 (0.8)

(4) tan -1 (1.25) (5) tan -1 (2.0)
18. whsia iEoSu i|yd 30 C ys mj;sk c,h fhdod .kq ,nkafka n÷kl oud -15 C ys mj;sk
wêYS;lrK fldgig oeóu uÕsks' bka ñks;a;= 5 lg miq n÷fka we;s c,fha WIaK;ajh
6 C olajd my; nei ;sfnkq olakg ,eìk' n÷k ;=< whsia iEoSu i|yd wju jYfhka ;j
fldmuK fõ,djla (ñks;a;= ) .; fõ o?
(1) 7.29 (2) 6.39 (3) 4.39 (4) 3.39 (5) 2.29

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19. rEmfha olajd we;s mrsos idudkH iSreudrefõ fhdod we;s ixhqla; wkaúCIhl wjfk; iy
Wmfk; ldpj, kdNsh ÿrj,a ms<sfj,ska 1 cm iy 5 cm fõ' wjfk;g 11 mm ÿrla
bosßfhka ;nd we;s jia;=jl wjidk m%;sìïnh Wmfkf;a isg 25 cm ÿßka idohs kï tys
uq¿ úYd,l n,h ljf¾ o@
11 mm
25 cm
(1) 30 (2) 60 (3) 20 (4) 40 (5) 120
20. iuoaúmdo iDcqfldaKS ùÿre m%siauhla idod we;s ùÿre yd

jd;h w;r wjê fldaKh 42  ls' tu m%siauh Ndú;fhka
rEmfha olajd we;s P lsrKfha j¾;k lsrKh (Q) ,nd P
.ekSu i`oyd ms%iauh ;eìh hq;= ksjeros wdldrh jkqfha"
Q
45
45 45
45 45
45 45
45 45 45
(1) (2) (3) (5)

(4)
21. w¾O f.da,dldr ùÿre l=Üáhla yryd .uka lrk tal j¾K P wdf,dal lsrKhla ;srhla u;
rEmfha fmkajd we;s wdldrhg A ,ËHfha wdf,dal ,mhla we;s lrhs' rEmfha fmkajd we;s
osYdjg O flakaøh jgd ùÿre l=Üáh fifuka lrljk úg" wdf,dal ,mh my<g .uka lr
B ys oS fkdfmkS hhs' ùÿrej, wjê fldaKh úh yelafla"
;srh
−1 𝑙
(1) sin (𝑑)
𝑑
(2) sin−1 ( 𝑙 )
A d P
−1 𝑙
(3) tan (𝑑) O
𝑑
(4) tan−1 ( )
𝑙 l
−1 𝑑
(5) sin (√ 𝑙 )
B
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22. iudk udk iys; o~q ;=kla my; rEmfha mrsos iúfldg ;sfí' tajdfha ;dm ikakdhl;d
rEmfha olajd we;' P yd Q ,ËH tlsfklg fjkia WIaK;ajj, ;nd we;af;a PRQ ;=<ska
;dmh .e,Sfï iS>%;djh PQ ;=,ska ;dmh .e,Sfï iS>%;djhg iudk jk mrsos h' ;dm
ikakdhl;d w;r ksjeros iïnkaOh jkafka"
R
1
(1) 𝑘3 = 2 (𝑘1 + 𝑘2 )
(2) 𝑘3 = (𝑘1 + 𝑘2 )
𝑘 𝑘 k1 k2
(3) 𝑘3 = 𝑘 1+𝑘2
1 2
2𝑘1 𝑘2
(4) 𝑘3 = 𝑘
1 +𝑘2
(5) 𝑘3 = 2(𝑘1 + 𝑘2 ) P Q
k3
23. øjhla mqrjd we;s isria ùÿre k, folla ;sria

k,hlska iïnkaO lr we;' tys tla isria k,hla
0 C WIaK;ajfha mj;ajk w;r wfkla isria k,h
30 C WIaK;ajfha mj;ajdf.k we;' 0 C we;s 4.0 cm
k,fha øjh msysá Wi 12.0 cm jk w;r thg jvd 30 C
wfkfla we;s øjfha Wi jeä ùu 4.0 cm fõ' øjfha
ksrfmaË mßud m%idrK;dj ljf¾ o@ 12.0 cm
(1) 2.2 × 10−3 C-1 (2) 1.1 × 10−2 C-1 0 C

(3) 1.1 × 10−3 C-1 (4) 2.2 × 10−4 C-1
(5) 5.5 × 10−4 C-1
24. mßmQ¾K jdhqjla i|yd P – V jl%h P c

rEmfha oelafõ¡ bc fm; Tiafia isÿ
jk mrsj¾;khl oS jdhqjg
ixl%uKh jk ;dmh 50 J fõ¡ ab
fm; Tiafia mrsj¾;khl oS th
250 J fõ¡ ca fm; Tiafia isÿ jk
mrsj¾;khl oS we;s jk
wNHka;r Yla;s fjki -150 J fõ a b
kï" ab fm; Tiafia isÿ jk
mrsj¾;khl oS jdhqj uÕska isÿ V
lrk ld¾hh jkafka" 0
(1) 50 J (2) 150 J (3) 200 J (4) 250 J (5) 300 J
25. wêlr mrsKdulhl m%d:ñl oÕrfha yd oaú;Sl oÕrfha fmdgj,a w;r wkqmd;h 1:4 fõ'
m%:ñl oÕrfha ;=< j¾. uOHkH uQ, fjda,aàh;djh yd Odrdj ms<sfj,ska 10 V yd 2 A úg"
t;=ï iy yrfha Ëu;d ydksh 4.0 W fõ' fuúg" oaú;Sl oÕrfha j¾. uOHkH uQ, Odrdj
jkqfha"
(1) 0.1 A (2) 0.4 A (3) 0.5 A (4) 0.6 A (5) 0.8 A

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26. rEmfha mßos wrh 𝑎 jk 𝐼 Odrdjla /.;a

jD;a;dldr lïì mqvqjlska 3/4 l m%udKhla 𝐵 kï
pqïnl i%dj >k;ajhla iys; m%foaYhl ;nd we;' I
mqvqfõ ;,h pqïNl fCIa;%hg iudka;r fõ' lïì a
mqvqj Tiafia 𝐼 Odrdjla .,d hk úg th u; we;s B
jk n,fha úYd,;ajh yd osYdj ksjerosj oelafjk a
ms<s;=r ljf¾ o@
𝜋𝐵𝐼𝑎
(1)  𝐵𝐼𝑎 (2)  𝐵𝐼𝑎 (3)  2𝐵𝐼𝑎 (4)  2𝐵𝐼𝑎 (5) 2
27. os. l jQ PQ ikakdhl oKavla >¾Ikfhka f;dr iqug mS,s folla u; rEmfha olajd we;s
osYdjg p,s; fõ' mS,s fomi R1 yd R2 m%;sfrdaO folla iú fldg we;s w;r" oKav yd ;sria
mS,sj, m%;sfrdaOh fkdie,lsh yels ;rï fõ' fuu m%foaYh ;=< lvodish ;=< g ;Sj%;djh
B jQ pqïnl fËa;%hla mj;S kï PQ ys p,s;h tf,iska u mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd fhosh hq;=
ndysr n,h"
Q
(1) ksh; m%fõ.hla mj;sk neúka Y=kH fõ'
1 1
(2) jï osYdjg 𝐵 2 𝑙 2 𝑣 (𝑅 + 𝑅 ) fõ'
1 2
1 1 R1
(3) ol=Kq osYdjg 𝐵 2 𝑙 2 𝑣 (𝑅 + 𝑅 ) fõ' R2
1 2 v
𝐵2 𝑙2 𝑣
(4) jï osYdjg fõ'
𝑅1 B
𝐵2 𝑙2 𝑣
(5) ol=Kq osYdjg fõ'
𝑅2 P
28. X yd Y ,ËH fol mDÓúfha flakaøfha isg ms<sfj<ska R yd 2R ÿrska msysgd we;' R hkq
mDÓúfha wrh fõ' X ,ËHfha .=re;ajdl¾IK úNjh -800 kJ kg-1 fõ' 10 kg ialkaOhla X
isg Y olajd f.k hdug ialkaOh u; l< hq;= ld¾hh jkafka"
(1) 8000 kJ (2) 2000 kJ (3) - 2000 kJ (4) - 4000 kJ (5) 4000 kJ
29. mdohl os. 𝑎 jq iup;=ri%fha A, B, C, D hk

YS¾Ij, +𝑞, +𝑞, −𝑞 iy −𝑞 wdfrdamK ;nd +q +q
A B
we;' BC mdofha uOH ,CIHh E jk w;r
iup;=ri%fha flakaøh O fõ'
+𝑒 wdfrdamKhla O isg E olajd f.k hdug
isÿ l< hq;= ld¾hh ljf¾ o@ O E
−4𝑞𝑒 4𝑞𝑒
(1) (2) (3) Y=kH fõ'
√5𝑎 √5𝑎
−2𝑞𝑒 2𝑞𝑒
(4) (5) D C
5𝑎 5𝑎
-q F -q

10 | P a g e
30. mDÓú mDIaGh wdikakfha lCI.; jk ialkaOh 𝑚 jQ pkaøsldjl lËh u; oS fõ.h 𝑣 fõ'
mDÓúfha wrh 𝑅 kï mDÓú mDIaGhg 𝑅 ÿrla wE;ska msysá lCIhla u; jQ ialkaOh 2𝑚 jk
pkaøsldjl lËh u; oS mej;sh hq;= fõ.h ljf¾ o@
𝑣 𝑣
(1) 𝑣 (2) (3) 2 (4) √2𝑣 (5) 2𝑣
√2
31. ;yvq w;r mr;rh 2𝑑 jQ iudka;r ;yvq Odß;%lhl ;yvqj, fmdÿ j¾.M,h 2𝐴 fõ'
j¾.M,h 𝐴, >klu 𝑑 yd idfmaCI mdrfõoH;dj 1.5 jQ mdr úoHq;a fldgila ;yvq w;r
wjldYhg rEmfha mßos we;=¿ l< miq (mdr-úoHq;a fldgi Odß;%lfha mßudfjka 1/4 jk
f,i mj;sk nj i,lkak) Odß;dj 13.2 F fõ' tu mdr-úoHq;a fldgi we;=¿ lsÍug fmr
tys mej;s Odß;djfha w.h jkqfha"
2d
(1) 9 F (2) 12 F (3) 10 F (4) 8 F (5) 13 F
32. ialkaOh 0.05 kg jk jia;=jla m%;Hia: ;ka;=jl

tla fl<jrlg .eg.id we;' ;ka;=j weoS fkdue;s
wjia:dfõ oS tys os. 0.05 m fõ' tu ;ka;=fõ
m%;Hia: ksh;h 40 N m-1 jk w;r iqug ;sria 0.7 m
mDIaGhla u; tu ;ka;=j wdOdr lrf.k jia;=jla
lrljkq ,nk jD;a;fha wrh 0.70 m jk wdldrh
rEmfha olajd we;' tu ialkaOfha N%uk fõ.fha
wdikak w.h ljf¾o@
(1) 15 m s-1 (2) 19 m s-1 (3) 20 m s-1 (4) 24 m s-1 (5) 28 m s-1
33. fjkia øjH j,ska idok ,o iudk ndysr wrhka we;s 𝑃 yd 𝑄 l=yr f.da, fol iudk
ialkaO j,ska hqla; fõ' 𝑃 l=yr f.da,h idod we;s øjHfha >k;ajh 𝑄 f.da,h idod we;s
øjHfha >k;ajhg jvd úYd, fõ' ta yd iïnkaO my; j.ka;s i,lkak'
(A) tlu ÿiai%dú ;r,h ;=< jefgk úg 𝑃 f.da,fha wdka; m%fõ.h 𝑄 f.da,fha wdka;
m%fõ.hg jvd úYd, fõ'
(B) tlu ;r,h ;=< f.da, fol ;nd uqody, úg 𝑃 f.da,h ,nd .kakd ,o wdrïNl
;ajrKh 𝑄f.da,h ,nd .kakd ,o wdrïNl ;ajrKhg jvd úYd, fõ'
(C) f.da, fol tlu ieye,a¨ ;ka;=jlska .eg.id uqody, úg ;r,h ;=< oS ,nd .kakd
wka; m%fõ.h f.da, fjk fjk u ,nd.kakd wdka; m%fõ. j,g jvd úYd,;ajfhka
l=vd fõ'
by; m%ldY w;=rska i;H jkqfha"
(1) A muKs' (2) B muKs' (3) C muKs'
(4) A iy B muKs' (5) lsisjla i;H fkdfõ'

11 | P a g e
34. ksh; mSvkhla hgf;a mj;sk wp, jdhq ialkaOhl WIaK;ajh 30 C isg 40 C olajd jeä
lsÍfï oS" jdhqfõ mßudj jeäùu ∆𝑉 fõ' Ndú;d l< jdhq m%udKfha ialkaOh 𝑚 kï" 30 C
WIaK;ajfha oS jdhqfõ >k;ajh my; ljrla o@
𝑚 10𝑚 10𝑚 30𝑚 40𝑚
(1) ∆𝑉 (2) 273∆𝑉 (3) 303∆𝑉 (4) 303∆𝑉 (5) 303∆𝑉
35. wNHka;r wrh 𝑟 jQ flaYsl k,hla isriaj ;nd th

;=< Wi ℎ jQ c, mgla r|jd by< fl<jr inka
nqnq,la we;s lrkq ,efí' c,fha mDIaGSl wd;;sh inka nqnq,
𝑇1 , >k;ajh 𝜌 yd inka ødjKfha mDIaGsl wd;;sh
𝑇2 o kï k,h ;=< c, mg,h /|S mej;Sug inka
nqnq,g .; yels wju wrh" a ms<sn| my; ljrla
i;H úh hq;= o@ ^c,fha iam¾Y fldaKh Y=kH fõ'&
(1) ℎ𝜌𝑔 = 4𝑇1 /𝑟 − 4𝑇2 /𝑎

(2) ℎ𝜌𝑔 = 2𝑇1 /𝑟 − 4𝑇2 /𝑎
(3) ℎ𝜌𝑔 = 4𝑇2 /𝑎 − 4𝑇1 /𝑟
h
(4) ℎ𝜌𝑔 = 4𝑇2 /𝑎
(5) ℎ𝜌𝑔 = 4𝑇2 /𝑎 − 2𝑇1 /𝑟 c,h
36. tll w.h 2  ne.ska jQ m%;sfrdaO

fod,yla úoHq;a >dul n,h E = 7 V yd
wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh r = 0  jQ fldaIhla
iuÕ iïnkaOj mj;sk my; mrsm:h
i,lkak' fuys oS mrsm:h uÕska weo
.kakd uq¿ úoHq;a Odrdj jkafka"
7
(1) 6 A (2) 6 A
35
(3) 3 A (4) 12 A
(5) 12 A
E = 7 V, r = 0

37. WIaK;ajfha we;s jk úp,khka ys oS m%;sfrdaO lïìhla ;=<ska .,d hk Odrdj úp,kh fõ'
flfia kuq;a úNj wka;rh wjYH f,i fjkia lsÍu uÕska úoHq;a Odrdj ksh;j ;nd .;
yels h' m%;sfrdaOfha WIaK;aj ix.=Klh 𝛼 = 4.010-3 K-1 jk f,dayhlska idod we;s lïìhla
;=,ska .,k Odrdj tys WIaK;ajh 20 C isg 80 C olajd by< .sh úg Odrdj ksh;j ;nd
.ekSug lïìh yryd úNj wka;rh jeä l< hq;f a ;a l=uk m%;sY;hlska o@
(1) 40.0 % (2) 46.4 % (3) 22.2 % (4) 26.0 % (5) 19.0 %

12 | P a g e
38. r = 1  ne.ska tl u wNHka;r m%;sfrdaO iys; tfy;a úoHq;a .dul n, rEmfha olajd we;s
w.hka jk fldaI mylg m%;sfrdaO myla iïnkaO lr we;s wdldrh rEmfha oelafõ' mrsmQ¾K
fjda,aÜógr mfyka jeä u mdGdxlhla olajk fjda,aÜógrh jkafka"
1V 2V 3V 4V 5V
5 4 3 2 1
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
(1) V1 (2) V2 (3) V3 (4) V4 (5) V5
+ 20 V
39. VBE = 0.7 V jk is,slka j¾.fha npn oaù-O%ej
ikaê g%dkaisiagrhla yd n-kd,sh ikaê fËa;% 8 k
wdprK g%dkaisiagrhla fhdod ilid we;s my;
mrsm:fha VGS = -1.2 V jk úg" fidfrdõj- D
m%Nj fjda,aàh;djh (VDS) jkqfha" G
S
(1) 2.4 V 200 k
(2) 4.8 V C
B
(3) 6.4 V
(4) 10.8 V
(5) 12.0 V E
9.3 k
-3
40. idfmaCI wd¾ø;dj 𝑥 % o ksrfmaCI wd¾ø;dj 𝑦 (kg m ) o
jQ tla;rd oskl ks¾c,Sh CuSO4 l=vd m%udKhla -10 V
fvisflagrhla ;=< ;nd th mshfkka jid we;'
fvisflagrh ;=< jq jd;fha c, jdIam Wrd.ekSu
fya;= fldgf.k lsysm osklg miqj CuSO4 j, ialkaOh .%Eï 𝑚 j,ska jeä ù we; nj
fidhd .kakd ,os' fvisflagrh ;=< jd;fha mdßudj 𝑉 o wjg wjldYfha WIaK;ajh
fkdfjkiaj mj;S o kï th ;=< jd;fha idfmaCI wd¾ø;djfhys wvq ùu jkqfha"
𝑚𝑥 𝑚𝑦 𝑉𝑦 𝑦𝑉−𝑚 (𝑦−𝑚)𝑥
(1) % (2) % (3) 𝑚𝑥 % (4) % (5) × 100 %
𝑉𝑦 𝑉𝑥 𝑥 𝑉𝑦
41. úlsrKYS,S 𝟏𝟒𝟕𝑪 kHIaáhla uÕska îgd (𝜷− ) úlsrK uqod yerSfï oS kHIaáh ;=< jQ kHqfgdakhla
ì|Su isÿ jk w;r tuÕska" fm%dafgdakhla" bf,lafg%dakhla yd bf,lafg%dak m%;s-kHqá%fkdajla
uqod yerSu isÿ lrhs' ta yd iïnkaO lajdl iy f,mafgdak uÜgfï m%;l s %shdj ksjeros j
oelafjkqfha my; ljrla uÕska o?
'
(1) 𝑢 → 𝑑 + 𝑒 + + 𝜈𝑒 (2) 𝑑 → 𝑢 + 𝑒 + + 𝜈𝑒 (3) 𝑑 → 𝑢 + 𝑒 − + 𝜈𝑒
(4) 𝑢 → 𝑑 + 𝑒 − + 𝜈𝑒 (5) 𝑑 → 𝑢 + 𝑒 − + 𝜈𝑒
13 | P a g e
I1
42. rEmfha oelafjk ;d¾lsl mrsm:fha
I0 yd I1 m%odk i|yd ;d¾lsl 1 fyda
0 .; yels h' Q hkq m%;os dkh fõ' Q
I0
mrsm:h yd iïnkaO my; m%ldY
i,lkak'
(a) S = 0 yd E = 0 úg" Q = I0 fõ'

(b) S = 1 yd E = 1 úg" Q = I1 fõ'
(c) E = 1 úg" Q = 0 fõ'
by; m%ldY w;=rska i;H jkqfha" S E

(1) a muKs'
(2) a yd b muKs'
(3) a yd c muKs' (4) a, b yd c ish,a, i;H fõ' (5) a, b yd c ish,a, wi;H fõ'
43. rEmfha ±lafjk mßm:fha V1, V2 iy V3 V1 R1

m%Þk imhd we;s úg m%;sÞkh V2 R2
Vo = -(3V1 + 6V2 + 9V3) f,i ,efí'
V3 R3 R
R1 : R2 : R3 wkqmd; ms<sfj,ska jkafka"
–
(1) 1 : 2 : 3 (4) 2 : 3 : 6
Vo
(2) 3 : 2 : 1 (5) 6 : 3 : 1 +
(3) 6 : 3 : 2
44. j¾;l kCI;% ÿf¾CIhl Wmfk; ldph fjkia lrñka ÿf¾CIfha n,h jeä lsÍug ie,iqï
lrhs' ie,iqï lrkakd Wmfk;g kj ldph udre l< hq;af;a my; ljr wdldrhg o@
(1) flá kdNsh ÿrla iys; ldphla f.k wjfkf;ka wE;a jk f,i fhoSfuka h'
(2) flá kdNsh ÿrla iys; ldphla f.k wjfk;g wdikak jk f,i fhoSfuka h'
(3) flá kdNsh ÿrla iys; ldphla f.k wjfk;g we;s ÿr fkdfjkia f,i fhoSfuka h'
(4) úYd, kdNsÿrla we;s ldphla f.k wjfk;g wdikak jk f,i fhoSfuka h'
(5) úYd, kdNsÿrla we;s ldphla f.k wjfkf;ka wE;a jk f,i fhoSfuka h'
45. .%duhlg úÿ,sn,h iemhSu i|yd l=vd m%udKfha kHIaál n,d.drhla boslr we;' fuys
w¾O wdhq ld,h T jk úlsrKYS,S uQ,øjHhla Ndú;d flfrk w;r .%duhg wjYH uq¿
Ëu;djh wdrïNfha oS n,d.drfhka ksmojkq ,enQ uq¿ Ëu;djfhka 12.5% muKla úh'
fuu n,d.drh uÕska .%duhg wjYH uq¿ Ëu;djh iemhsh yels ld,h nT f,i weia;fïka;=
fldg we;s kï" n ys w.h úh hq;af;a"
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 5/2 (4) 3 (5) 4

14 | P a g e
46. rEmfha mßos lvodis ;,h u; msysá iup;=ri%hl Ys¾Ij, iudk I Odrd ;,h ;=<g fyda
msg;g .uka lrk wkka; os. iudka;r lïì y;rla mj;S' tu iup;=ri%j, flakaøfha
pqïNl i%dj >k;ajh jeä u jkafka ljr iup;=ri%fha o@
    
      
A B C D E
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
47. rEmfha oelafjkqfha úYd, os.lska hq;= P yd Q

iudka;r ;yvq folla d mr;rhla iys;j isriaj +
V
iúfldg tajd w;r V úNj wka;rhla fhdod we;s
wkaou fõ' ;yvqj, by< uÜgfï isg ;yvq w;r
uOH f¾Ldj Tiafia p,s; úh yels mrsos ialkaOh +q
m jQ +q wdfrdamKhla iys; l=vd wxY=jla uqod y<
úg th x isria ÿrla my< oS Q ;yvqfõ joS kï" x
ys w.h ,ndfokqfha my; ljr m%ldYh uÕska o?
𝑚 𝑔𝑚
(1) 𝑥 = 𝑑 √𝑞𝑉 (4) 𝑥 = 𝑑 √2𝑞𝑉
𝑚 𝑔𝑚𝑑2
(2) 𝑥 = 2𝑑 √𝑞𝑉 (5) 𝑥= 2𝑞𝑉
𝑑 𝑚
P Q
(3) 𝑥 = 2 √𝑞𝑉
d
48. úNjudk lïìhla Tiafia .,d hk ODrdj wvq lsrSu i|yd iqÿiq m%;sfrdaOhla welshqñf,agrhg
fY%aKs.;j iú lrhs' flfia kuq;a túg úNjudk lïìfha úNj ksh;h wvq ùu isÿ fõ'
10 V
my; rEmfha olajd we;s
úNjudkfha AB úNjudk
lïìfha os. 100 cm jk w;r tys
m%;sfrdaOh 2  fõ' wNHka;r 3
m%;sfrdaOh r = 1  jk fldaIhl
úoHq;a >dul n,h (E) fiùu A B
i|yd rEmfha olajd we;s f,i
mrsm:h fhdod .;a úg ix;=,k E, r = 1 
os. 60 cm fõ kï" E ys w.h R
jkqfha" G
(1) 4 V (2) 2.4 V (3) 3.0 V (4) 8.4 V (5) 3.2 V

15 | P a g e
49. my; rEmfha olajd we;s (a), (b), (c) yd (d) wjia:dj," x wCIh iy y wCIh u; uQ,
,CIHhg iu ÿßka +q fyda -q wdfrdamK ;nd we;'
+q -q
+q +q +q +q
(a) (b)
+q -q
+q -q +q -q
(c) (d)
tla tla wjia:dfõ oS" uQ, ,CIHh u; l%shd lrk iïm%hla; úoHq;a fCIa;% ;sj%;djfha
úYd,;aj E1, E2, E3 yd E4 fõ kï tajd msysgk wkqms<sfj, jvd;a ksjeros ljrla o@
(1) E1  E2  E3  E4 (2) E4  E3  E2  E1 (3) E1 = E2  E3 = E4
(4) E4 = E3  E2 = E1 (5) E1 = E2 = E3 = E4
50. jia;=jla .=re;ajh hgf;a isria j by<g m%fËam lrhs' isriaj by<g m%fõ.h + f,i ie,lSfï oS
jia;=fõ m%fõ.h (v) yd pd,l Yla;sh (E) w;r úp,kh ksjerosj oelafjk m%ia;drh jkafka"
v v v v v
0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0

E E E E
0,0
E
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
.
*********
1|Page
fN!;sl úoHdj - II
ld,h meh 3 ls
A fldgi - jHqy.; rpkd
(g = 10 N kg-1)
01. my; rEmfha olajd we;af;a l=vd ialkaO uek .ekSu i|yd YsIHfhl= úiska ie,iqï l<
ir, ;=,djls' fï i|yd fhdodf.k we;s AB taldldr óg¾ rE, m<uqj rEmh 1 ys olajd we;s
wdldrhg msys odrhla Ndú;fhka tys uOH ,ËHfhka ix;=,kh lrkq ,efí' bka wk;=rej
ueksh hq;= M ialkaOh A ,ËHfhka t,ajd we;s ialkaOh m0 jk ;=,d ;eáh u; ;nkq
,nk w;r w.h okakd m ksh; ialkaOhla iuÕska rEmh 2 ys olajd we;s wdldrhg óg¾
rE, ix;=,kh lrkq ,efí'
A C OD B
x
rEmh 1
A COD B
x
m
rEmh 2
fuys C, D hkq O ika;,

= k ,ËHfha isg 1 cm ÿrska fomiska msysá ,ËH folls' B ys oS
óg¾ rE,g iïnkaO fldg we;s ieye,a¨ o¾Ylh moaO;sh ix;=,kh jk úg isria
mrsudKhl x ,ËHh yd iu uÜgfï mj;S' m ialkaOh B isg D olajd ´kEu ia:dkhlska
t,aúh yels h'
(a) m wp, ialkaOh t,ajd we;s ;ekg O isg we;s ÿr l (mm) kï" M, m, m0 yd l w;r
iïnkaO;djh f.dvkÕkak'
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2|Page
(b) w.h fkdokakd M ialkaOh i|yd m%ldYkhla jákdlï okakd m0, m yd l weiqrska
,nd .kak'
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(c) m0 = 1 g yd m = 100 g f,i fhdod .kq ,enqfõ kï fuu ;=,dfjka uek.; yels
wju ialkaOh l=ula o?
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(d) fuu ;=,dfõ ixfõoS;djh l=ula o?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(e) oeka x ys w.hg wu;rj ;rdos ;eáh t,ajk ia:dkh o A isg C olajd fjkia
lrkafka hehs is;kak' túg ;rdosh uÕska ueksh yels WmrSu Ndrh l=ula o?
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(f) fuu ;rdosh uÕska ukskq ,enQ w.h fkdokakd jia;=jl ialkaOh 30 g f,i y÷kd
.kakd ,oS' YsIHfhl=g fuys ksrjoH;djh n, iudka;rdi% WmlrKh uÕska mrsËd
lr ne,Sug wjYH úh' fï i|yd Tyq tu jia;=j Wmlrkfha ueo kQf,a ialkaOh
.eg .ik ,oS' wfkla ialkaO hq.,h f,i (40g, 40g) fyda (200 g, 200 g) f,i
f;dard .; yels h'
;ka;=j, msysàu w|sk
mqjrejla u; iú l< iqÿ
lvodishla u; i,l=Kq lr
.kakd ,o w;r" 3 rEmfha
olajd we;s wdldrhg n,
iudka;rdi%h ,efí'
1 cm
rEmh 3

3|Page
(i) ;ka;=j, msysàu i,l=Kq lsrSu i|yd wjYH jk wfkla Wmdx.h l=ula o?
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(ii) isiqjd úiska f;darf.k we;s ialkaO hq.,h l=ula o?
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(iii) w.h fkdokakd jia;=fõ ialkaOh l=ula o?
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(iv) my; 4 rEmfha oelafjkqfha by; jia;=j iïmQ¾Kfhka c,fha .s,ajd we;s úg tlu
mrsudKh Ndú;d fldg we|s n, iudka;rdi%h fõ' jia;=j idod we;s øjHfha idfmaË
>k;ajh fidhkak'
-------------------------------
-------------------------------
-------------------------------
-------------------------------
-------------------------------
-------------------------------
-------------------------------
-------------------------------
-------------------------------
-------------------------------
-------------------------------
------------------------------- 1 cm
rEmh 4
(v) by; .Kkh i|yd Tn fhdod.;a kshuh ,shd olajkak'

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4|Page
02. YsIHfhl=g isis,k l%uh Ndú;fhka øjhl úYsIag ;dm Odrs;djh kS¾Kh lsrSug wjYHj
we;' fï i|yd Tyq c,fha iy øjfha isis,k jl% fjk fjku ,nd .ekSug ie,iqï lrk
w;r Tyqg wjYH WmlrK ish,a,u imhd we;' Tyq ilia l< WmlrKfha wegjqu my;
rEmfha oelafõ'
mrsjdrl ;ka;=
ldur WIaK;ajfha
mj;sk c,h
A
le,rsógrh
B
C uka;h
Ndck
(a) le,rsógrfha ,l=Kq lrk ,o fjkia uÜgï ;=kla (A,B,C) rEmfha olajd we;'
(i) mrSËKfha oS jvd;a ksjeros m%;sM, ,nd .ekSu i|yd l=uk uÜgu f;la r;a
lrk ,o c,h yd r;a lrk ,o øjh msrúh hq;= o?
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(ii) Tnf.a ms<s;=rg fya;= olajkak'
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(b) fuu mrSËKfha oS iudk øj mrsud yd iudk c, mrsud Ndú;d lsrSu jeo.;a jkafka
wehs oehs fya;= olajkak'
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(c) WIaK;ajh uekSu i|yd ksjerosj WIaK;ajudKh ;nk whqre rEmfha <l=Kq lr
fmkajkak'
(d) le,rsógrh mrsjdrl ;ka;= uÕska t,a,Sfuka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka l=ulaoehs

meyeos<s lrkak'
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5|Page
(e) le,rsógrh jgd c, n÷kla ;eîfuka isÿ lr we;af;a l=ulao ?
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(f) YsIHhd úiska ,nd.;a isis,k jl% fol rEmfha oelafõ'
WIaK;ajh ( oC )
80
70
c,h
60
50
øjh
40
0 2 4 6 8 10 ld,h ( ñks;a;= )
by; m%ia;drfhka ,nd .kakd o;a; (w.hka) fudkjd o?
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(g) ysia le,rsógrh yd uka;fha ialkaOh mo o" le,rsógrh" uka;h yd c,fha ialkaOh
m1 o" le,rsógrh" uka;h yd øjfha ialkaOh m2 o" c,fha úYsIaG ;dm Odrs;djh cw
o" le,rsógrh idod we;s øjHfha úYsIaG ;dm Odrs;djh C o kï m%ia;drfhka Tn
,nd.;a w.hka o Ndú;d lr øjfha úYsIaG ;dm Odrs;djh
(cl ) ,nd .ekSu i|yd fhdod.; yels m%ldYkhla ,shkak'
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6|Page
(h) 55 oC os WIaK;aj ydksùfï iS>%;djh fidhd.; hq;= kï" ;, o¾mK lene,a,la yd

fldaKudkhla Ndú;fhka fuu iS>%;djh fiùug Tn wkq.ukh lrk ls%hd ms<sfj,
i|yka lrkak'
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03. ia:djr ;rx. j, .=K wkafõYkh lsrSug isÿ lrkq ,nk mrSlaIKhla i|yd iajNdúl os.
80 cm jk rn¾ ;ka;=jla Ndú;d lrkq ,efí' ;ka;=j ;sriaj mj;sk fia tys fl<jrla
oDv wdOdrlhlg iú lr tys wfkla fl<jr ixLHd;h fjkia l< yels lïmlhlg
iïnkaO lrkq ,efí' wdOdrlh iy lïmlh w;r ÿr l fjkia l< yelsh' my; m%ia:drfha
oelafjkafka lïmlh 300 Hz ixLHd;hlska lïmkh jk úg rn¾ ;ka;=fõ we;s jk
;rx. wdlD;shls' wlaI folu tl u mrsudKhg we| we;'
lïmlh
A B
10 cm
(a) m%%ia;drhg wkqj ;ka;=fõ we;s jk iA:djr ;rx.fha" ;rx. wdhduh iy úia;drh
fldmuKo@
(i) ;rx. wdhduh = -------------------------- (ii) úia;drh = -----------------
(b) ;ka;=fõ A iy B wxY=j, p,s; iajNdjh flnª o @
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(c) tla tla wxY=fõ Wmrsu lïmk fõ.h .Kkh lrkak (𝜋 = 3 f,i i,lkak)'
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7|Page
(d) rn¾ ;ka;=j Tiafia ;S¾hla lïmkj, m%fõ.h .Kkh lrkak'
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(e) (i) wd;;shlg ,lafldg we;s m%;Hia: ;ka;=jla osf.a ;S¾hla ;rx. m%fõ.h r\
mj;sk idOl fudkjd o @ tajd iqÿiq ixfla; iys;j ,shd olajkak'
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(ii) by; oelajQ idOl weiqfrka m%;Hia: ;ka;=j osf.a .uka lrk ;S¾hla ;rx.hl
m%fõ.h i|yd iólrKhla ,shkak'
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(iii) by; oelajQ rn¾ ;ka;=fõ ialkaOh 10 g fõ kï m%ia;drfha oelafjk wjia:dfõ

oS rn¾ ;ka;=fõ wd;;sh fldmuK o@
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(f) m%ia;drfha olajd we;s mrsos rn¾ ;ka;=fõ ilia ù we;s lïmk rgdjg wod<
Wmrs;dkfha iy m%ixjdofha wxl fudkjdo@
Wmrs;dkfha wxlh (---------------------- m%ixjdofha wxlh ( ------------------
(g) rn¾ ;ka;=j 1.2 m os.= jk mrsos lïmlh iy wdOdrlh ilia lr ;ka;=j uQ,sl
wjia:dfõ lïmkh lrjkq ,efí' ;ka;=j tys m%;Hia: iSudj ;=, mj;skafka hehs
Wml,amkh lrñka ;ka;=fõ kj wd;;sh iy tu ;ka;=j ;=, ;S¾hla ;rx. fõ.h
.Kkh lrkak'
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8|Page
04. ksfl%daï kï f,dayfha m%;sfrdaOl;dj () fiùu i|yd úúO úIalïN iys; ksfl%daï lïì
Ndú;d lsrSug YsIHfhl= woyia lrhs' fuys oS lïìhl úIalïNh d yd tys úoHq;a m%;sfrdaOh
R w;r iïnkaOh Ndú;fhka ksfl%daïj, m%;sfrdaOl;dj ,nd .ekSug Tyq n,dfmdfrd;a;=
fõ' fï i|yd my; rEmfha olajd we;s mrsos ,S rduqjlg iú l< tlsfklg fjkia ksfl%daï
lïì 6 la fhdod.kq ,nk w;r iEu lïìhla u 100 cm os.lska hq;= fõ'
1
YsIHhd ,nd .;a o;a;j,g wkqj bosrsfha R ys m%ia;drh my; oelafõ'
𝑑2
R ()
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 ሺmm−2 ሻ
𝑑2
1
(a) (i) by; m%ia;drhg wkqj" R yd w;r ljr wdldrfha iïnkaOhla oelafõ o?
𝑑2
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9|Page
(ii) m%ia;drh Ndú;fhka os. 100 cm yd úYalïNh 0.2 mm jk X kï ksfl%daï

lïìfha m%;sfrdaOh i|yd w.hla ,nd .kak'
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𝜋𝑅𝑑2
(b) ksfl%daï lïìfha m%;sfrdaOl;dj" 𝜌 = uÕska ,nd foa'
4𝑙
(i) by; m%ia;drfha wKql%uKh .Kkh lrkak (Tnf.a ms<s;=r  mm2 tallfhka
m%ldY l< yels h)'
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(ii) by; m%ia;drfha wKql%uKh m kï" lïìfha m%;f

s rdaOh R i|yd m%ldYkhla m
yd d weiqfrka ,nd .kak'
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(iii) ksfl%daï f,day j¾.fha m%;sfrdaOl;dj (𝜌) .Kkh lrkak'
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𝜋𝑅𝑑2
(c) úIalïNh 0.25 mm jk Y kï fjk;a ksfl%daï lïìhl os. 200 cm fõ' 𝜌 = 4𝑙
iólrKh Ndú;fhka yd by; b (iii) ys oS .Kkh l< 𝜌 w.h wdfoaYfhka Y
lïìfha úoHq;a m%;sfrdaOh .Kkh lrkak'
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(d) fuu mrsËKfha oS isÿ l< hq;= mQ¾fjdamdhla i|yka lrkak'
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10 | P a g e
(e) l=vdu úIalïNh iys; ksfl%daï lïìfha fofl<jr w;rg fhdod we;s fjda,aàh;djh
jeä lrñka lïìh ;=<ska .,d hk Odrdj uek m%ia;dr.; l< úg ir, f¾Çh
m%ia:drhla ,efn;ehs n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQj;a ,enqk m%ia;drh my; rEmfha mrsos fõ'
by< fjda,aàh;d hgf;a fuu m%ia;drh jl%hla jkafka wehs oehs fláfhka meyeos<s
lrkak'
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*********

Page |1

fN!;sl úoHdj - II

05. iq<x n,h hkq ksoyia" mqk¾ckkSh" msrsisÿ n,Yla;s m%Njhls' iq<x úÿ,s cklhla miq lr iq<Õ yuk
úg" tys N%ul ;, uÕska iq<fÕa pd,l Yla;sh .%yKh lr N%uKh jk w;r th hdka;%sl Yla;sh njg
yef¾' .shr fmÜáhlg iïnkaO lr we;s Odjk m;=j< wdOdrfhka by; N%uK fõ.h ish .=Khlska
muK jeä lr .kS' tuÕska úÿ,sh ksmojk úÿ,s ckl hka;%hla N%uKh flf¾'
iq<x úÿ,s cklfha tla wdldrhla my; rEmfha oelafõ' iq<Õ

ckl wdjrKh
uÕska N%ul ;, N%uKh lrk w;r th úÿ,s cklhg iïnkaO
fõ' úÿ,s cklh l=¨k uqÿfka" ckl wdjrKh ;=< iúlr
we;'
Odjl m;=j< flakaøia:dkh
flakaøia:dkh
l=¨k
fckf¾grh N%uK ;, iú lsrSu N%ul ;,
i|yd
.shr fmÜáh
iq<x úÿ,s cklhla ms<sn| j tys ksIamdolhd úiska imhd we;s o;a; lSmhla my; oelafõ'
m%;sodk Ëu;dj (kW)
flakaøia:dkhg fmd<j uÜfï isg

Wi - 56 m
;,j, úYalïNh - 44 m
;, ixLHdj - 3
750
kdñl Ëu;d m%;sodkh - 500 kW
fjda,aàh;djh - 690 V
ixLHd;h - 50 Hz
500
250
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
iq<fÕa fõ.h (m s-1)
tjeks iq<x úÿ,s cklhla k.rhlg wdikakj iúlr we;' tu iq<x úÿ,s cklh uÕska ksjdi 200 lg
fiajh ,nd osh yels nj mqj;am;la uÕska jd¾;d lrhs'
(a) my; tla tla wjia:dj i|yd fya;= olajkak'

(i) g¾nhskfha m%;sodk Ëu;dj fjkqjg "kdñl m%;sodk Ëu;dj" f,i ksIamdolhd olajd
we;af;a wehs ?
(ii) ojfia ´kEu fõ,djl ksjil idudkH úÿ,s mrsfNdackh 2 kW f,i ie,lSfï oS mqj;am;a
jd¾;dfõ i|yka o;a;h i;H úh yels o?
Page | 2
(b) N%uKh jk ;,hl my< fl<jrg fmd<fõ isg ;sìh yels wju Wi fldmuK o?
(c) (i) ksIamdolhdf.a o;a; Ndú;d fldg
(1) iq<x úÿ,s cklfha WmrSu Ëu;d m%;sodkh"
(2) fuu WmrSu Ëu;dj i|yd mej;sh hq;= iq<fÕa fõ.h fidhkak'
(ii) jd;fha >k;ajh 𝜌 jk w;r wrh 𝑟 jk frdgrh u; ,ïNlj m;s; jk iq<fÕa fõ.h 𝑣
1
fõ' tall ld,hl oS frdgrh u; m;s; jk iq<fÕa pd,l Yla;sh 𝐸 kï" 𝐸 = 2 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑣 3 𝜌
uÕska ,nd foa' jd;fha >k;ajh 1.2 kg m-3 fõ'
iq<x cklh WmrSu Ëu;d m%;sodkfhka l%shd lsrSu i|yd
(1) ;;amr 1 l oS iq<x cklh u; m;s; jk iq<fÕa pd,l Yla;sh"
(2) úoHq;a Ëu;dj ckkh ùfï ld¾hËu;dj fidhkak'
(iii) iq<x cklh l%shd lsrSfï oS m;kh jk iq<fÕa Ëu;djfhka 10% la ydks fõ' frdgrh miq
lr hk iq<fÕa Ëu;djh fidhkak'
(iv) iq<fÕa fõ.h tla;rd w.hla blau jQ miq N%uK ;, uÕska cklh N%uKh lsrSu kj;d
ouhs'
(1) by; m%ia;drh Ndú;fhka iq<fÕa fuu fõ.h fidhkak'
(2) by; i|yka wdldrfha ;;ajhla we;s lsrSfï wjYH;djhla ,shkak'
(d) (i) cklh uÕska ,efnkqfha ir, fjda,aàh;djhla o? m%;Hdj¾; fjda,aàh;djhla o? Tn tu
ks.ukhg t<eô whqre myokak'
(ii) cklfhka ,efnk úoHq;a Odrdj .Kkh lrkak'
(e) cklh wl=Kq ierj,ska wdrËd lr.; hq;= h'
(1) iq<x cklfha ljr fldgi wl=Kq ier jeoSfï jeä wjodkula ;sfí o?
(2) wl=Kq ier jeoSu wju lr .ekSug iqÿiq Wml%uhla fhdackd lrkak'
06. ish¿ iajNdúl ixisoaê w;=rska jvd;a u iqkaor jkafka foaÿkakhs' foaÿkak ks¾udKh jkafka ysre t<sh
c, ì|s;s uÕska j¾;kh yd mrdj¾;kh ùfuks' foaÿkakla iEfokafka flfia o hkak ms<sn| j mQ¾K
meyeos<s lsrSula l< m<uq mqoa.,hd jkqfha m%xY cd;sl frfka fvialdfgia h' .Ks;uh jYfhka Tyq
fmkajd ÿkafka mDIaGfha úúO ia:dkj,ska øj ìxÿjlg we;=¿ jk iudka;r wdf,dal lsrK f.da,dldr
jeys ìxÿjla yryd .uka lr mDIaGfha TkE u osYdjlg ks¾.ukh úh yels kuq;a ;srig 42 wdikak
fldaKj,ska ks¾.uKh jk lsrK fndfyda fihska idkaø.; jk nj hs' flfia kuq;a úúO j¾K iys;
wdf,dalh c,h ;=,ska fjkia f,i j¾;kh we;s lrkq ,nk neúka jeys ìkaÿ u; m;s; jk
iQ¾hdf,dalh jeys ìxÿ uÕska tlsfklg wdikakj w;sÉPdokh jQ j¾K pdm iuQyhlg úisrejd yrshs'
foaÿkak f,i osiajkafka thhs' foaÿkakl j¾K mámdáh pdmfha msg; r;= isg wNHka;rfha oï olajd
fjkia jk w;r" th úirKh jQ wNHka;r odrhla yd ;shqkq msg; odrhla iys; fõ'
j¾;kdxlh 4/3 jk f.da,dldr c, ìxÿjla ;=< g we;=¿ jk iQ¾Hdf,dal lsrKhlg c, ìxÿfõ

wNHka;r mDIaGfhka mQ¾K wNHka;r mrdj¾;khg ,la úh fkdyels fõ' thg fya;=j jkqfha j¾;kh
ms<sn| cHdó;shg wkqj wNHka;r mDIaGh u; m;s; jk ´kEu lsrKhla mQ¾K wNHka;r mrdj¾;kh
we;s lrkq ,nk fldaKhg jvd wvq fldaKj,ska m;kh ùu h' flfia kuq;a fujeks wjia:djl oS isÿ
jk wdxYsl mrdj¾;kh kï isÿùu fya;=fjka c, ìxÿjla ;=< wdf,dal lsrKhla .uka lsrSu rEmh 1 ys
olajd we;s f,i isÿ fõ' by< wyfia jQ f.da,Sh jeys ìxÿjla ;=<g B ,ËHfhka we;=¿ jk iQ¾hdf,dal
lsrKhla C ysoS wdxYsl mrdj¾;khg ,la ù D ys oS ks¾.; fõ'
fmd<j foig .uka lrk DE
wdf,dal lsrKh ;sri iuÕ 
fldaKhla idohs' flfia kuq;a" c, A i B
ìxÿjla ;=<ska .uka lrk b
r 
lsrKhl j¾;k iajNdjh C
tlsfklg fjkia jk w;r hï X O
wjia:djl oS foaÿkakla we;s fõ o
fkdfõ o hkak lsrKhla jeys
ìxÿjg we;=¿ jk ia:dkh u; r|d
mj;S'  D
rEmh 1.
E

Page | 3
by; rEmfha olajd we;s mrsos wdf,dal lsrKh jeys ìxÿjg we;=¿ jkqfha tys flakaøh yryd we|s ;sria
𝑏
f¾Ldfõ isg b Wil oS kï" jeys ìxÿfõ wrh R úg" 𝛾 = 𝑅 hkak "nEjqï mrdñ;sh" f,i y÷kajhs'
wrhka 0.40 - 0.45 mm m%udKfha jeys ìxÿ uÕska

idok m%d:ñl foaÿkakg by<ska oaú;Shsl foaÿkakla
o we;s l< yels nj fidhdf.k we;' fï i|yd m%d:ñl
rEmh 2 ys olajd we;s f,i jeys ìxÿjla ;=< oS
wdf,dal lsrKhla fojrla wdxYsl mrdj¾;khg ,la
úh hq;= nj fmkaùug fvialdfgia iu;a úh'
oaú;Shsl foaÿkakl ;Sj%;djh iajNdúlj u m%d:ñl
foaÿkakl ;Sj%;djfhka 1/10 muK jQ wvq w.hlska oaú;Shsl
hqla; jk w;r j¾K mámdáh pdmfha wNHka;rfha
r;= isg msg; oï olajd fjkia fõ'
oaú;Shsl foaÿkakla i|yd nEjqï mrdñ;sh 0.94 la
muK úh hq;= nj;a wdf,dal lsrKhla c, ìxÿjla
;=<g my<ska we;=¿ úh hq;= nj;a fidhdf.k we;'
fuys oS we;s jk WmrSu wm.uk fldaKh 130 rEmh 2
muK jk nj fmkajd osh yels h'
m%d:ñl yd oaú;Shsl foaÿk w;r (tkï  = 42 yd 50 w;r) wfkl=;a m%foaYj,g jvd wvq wdf,dal
;Sj%;djla we;s fõ' fuu l,dmh wef,lafikav¾ w÷re máh f,i y÷kajhs' foaÿkak ms<sn| uq,a kHdh
mrsmQ¾K f.da,dldr jeys ìxÿ Wml,amkh lrk w;r ìxÿj, m%udKh u; r|d fkdmj;S' flfia kuq;a
úYd, jeys ìxÿ jefgk úg jdhq m%;sfrdaOh uÕska há me;a; ;rul me;,s iajNdjhla iys; yevhla
j¾Okh lrhs' flfia kuq;a .Kkh lsrSï j,ska fmkS hkafka tajdfha ksrjoH;djh foaÿkafkys uqÿfka
;;ajhka fjkia lsrSug fya;= jQj;a mdou fldgig n,mEula we;s fkdlrk nj h' fndfyda úg
foaÿkakl mdou fldgi tys uqÿkg jvd oSma;sula j fmfkkafka fï ksid h'
(i) by; 1 rEmh Tfí ms<s;=re m;%fha msgm;a lrf.k cHdñ;sh yd j¾;kh Ndú;fhka lsrKfha we;s
jk uq¿ wm.uk fldaKh () i|yd m%ldYkhla i yd r weiqfrka ,nd .kak'
(ii) c,fha j¾;kdxlh n úg" nEjqï mrdñ;sh  jk wdf,dal lsrKhla i|yd"
𝛾
𝛿 = 4 sin−1 (𝑛) − 2 sin−1(𝛾) jk nj fmkajkak'
(iii) oeka AB iQ¾hdf,dal lsrKfha r;= (R) yd ks,a (B) fldgia c, ìxÿjla ;=<ska .uka .kakd wdldrh
oelaùug lsrK igykla w|skak' tu lsrK R yd B f,i ksjerosj olajkak'
(iv) m%d:ñl foaÿkakla osiaùu i|yd jeys ìxÿjla u; wdf,dal lsrKhla m;s; úh hq;= m;k fldaKh
59 muK jk nj fidhdf.k we;' fuúg" wyfia jQ jeys ìxÿ iuQyhlska r;= wdf,dalh ks¾.;
úh hq;= úYd,;u fldaKh  ) .Kkh lrkak' r;= wdf,dalh i|yd c,fha j¾;kdxlh 1.325 fõ'
(v) by; lsrKh i|yd nEjqï mrdñ;sh l=ula o?
(vi) m%d:ñl foaÿkakla yd oaú;Shsl foaÿkakla w;r m%Odk fjkialï folla ,shd olajkak'
(vii) c, ìxÿjla ;=< wdxYsl mrdj¾;k folla isÿ jk wjia:djl lsrKfha we;s jk uq¿ wm.ukh"
 = 2i + 360 – 6r jk nj fmkajkak'
(viii) oaú;Shsl foaÿkakla m%d:ñl foaÿkaklg jvd wvq ;Sj%;djhlska hqla; jkafka wehs oehs meyeos<s
lrkak'
(ix) m%d:ñl yd oaú;Shsl foaÿkq w;r wef,lafikav¾ w÷re jdáh we;s jk wkaou meyeos<s lrkak'
(x) foaÿkakl mdou fndfyda úg foaÿkafka uqÿkg jvd oSma;sula j fmkSug fya;=j l=ula o?
07. (a) (i) mDIaál wd;;sh w¾: olajkak'

(ii) wKql jHqyh weiqfrka mDIaál wd;;sh we;sjk wdldrh meyeos<s
lrkak'
(b) ;=kS ì;a;s iys; isyska ùÿre k<hla ;=<ska hï øjhla ìxÿ
jYfhka ldkaÿ fõ' k<h isria j r|jd we;' k<fha fl<jr
isÿf¾ wrh r jk w;r øjfha mDIaál wd;;sh T fõ'
iEfok øj ìxÿfõ WmrSu nr W i|yd m%ldYkhla ,shkak'

Page | 4
(c) øjhl mDIaál wd;;sh fidhk tla;rd mrSËKhl oS" by; wdldrfha
isyska ùÿre k<hla ;=<ska msg;g ldkaÿ jk ksYaÑ; øj ìxÿ ixLHdjla 𝑟
( 1) f
tl;= lr .kakd w;r" tl;= lr.;a øjfha ialkaOh uek .kq ,efí' 𝑉3
flfia kuq;a fuys oS øj ìxÿjla k<fhka .s,sySfï oS tys WmrSu nr tys
0.00 1.0000
wvx.= fkdjk nj;a bka hï m%;sY;hla k<fha ;=fvys /f|k nj;a fidhd
f.k we;' 0.30 0.7526
0.35 0.7011
oS we;s k<hla ;=<ska ldkaÿ ù my<g jefgk øj ìxÿjl ialkaOh W' hehs
𝑊′
0.40 0.6828
is;uq' fujeks wjia:djl" = 𝑓 f,i oelaúh yels nj;a" f ys w.h" 0.45 0.6689
𝑊
𝑟 0.50 0.6515
( 1 ) idOlh u; r|d mj;sk nj;a fmkajd osh yels h' fuys r hkq k<fha 0.55 0.6362
𝑉3
fl<jr isÿf¾ wrh jk w;r V hkq .s,syS jefgk øj ìxÿjl mrsudj fõ' 0.60 0.6250
by; idOlh mrsËKd;aul j fidhd.; yels kï wod, f w.h my; oS 0.65 0.6171
we;s j.=fjka fidhd .; yels h'
hï wjia:djl oS fhdod.;a ùÿre k<fha wrh 0.5 mm jk w;r tl;=
lr.;a øj ìxÿ 100 l mrsudj 100 mm3 f,i fidhd .kakd ,oS' øjfha >k;ajh 800 kg m-3 fõ'
(i) by; wjia:djg wod, f w.h ljf¾ o?
(ii) Ndú; l< øjfha mDIaál wd;;sh .Kkh lrkak'
(d) isÿrg wdikak j k<fha ì;a;sj, >klu ie,lsh hq;= w.hla kï my; wjia:d i|yd k<fha
fl<jr iEfok øj ìxÿfõ yevh w|skak'
(i) øjh ùÿre ì;a;sh f;;a lrhs kï"
(ii) øjh ùÿre ì;a;sh f;;a fkdlrhs kï"
(e) øj ìxÿjla mDIaGhl u; m;s; jQ miq isÿ mSv úoHq;a

jk foh yd th mDIaGh f;;a lrk uqøs; ysi
mrKdhlh
wdldrh ms<sn| j wOHhkh lsrSu i|yd
úúO m¾fhaIk isÿ lr we;' úúO fkdi,h
wdf,amk (painting)" fldaáka (coating) wdfrdamK .kajk
iy uqøK l¾udka;fha oS fuu oekqu bf,lafg%dav
b;d jeo.;a fõ' tla úfYaI uqøK
l%shdj,shl oS ;Ska; ìxÿ m%jdyhla
fËa;% ;yvq
lvodish u; jeoS hï jD;a;dldr
m%foaYhla flá ld,hla ;=< f;;a lrhs'
fuu f;;a jk m%foaYfha m%udKh iam¾Y
fldaKh weiqfrka meyeos<s l< yelsh' uqøs; mDIaGh
fld<fha jeoSfuka miq ;ska; ìxÿ ,nd .kakd ia:dhs yevh" mDIaál j¾.M,h wju jk fia o"
mDIaál Yla;hs wju jk fia o ilia fõ' fujeks wjia:djl iam¾Y fldaKh my; iólrKh
uÕska ,nd .; yels h'
𝑇 −𝑇
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑣𝑇 𝑠𝑙
𝑙𝑣
fuys" 𝑇𝑠𝑣 - lvodis fld<h - ;Ska; jdIam mDIagh i|yd mDIaál wd;;sh
𝑇𝑠𝑙 - lvodis fld<h - øj ;Ska; mDIagh i|yd mDIaál wd;;sh
𝑇𝑙𝑣 - øj ;Ska; - ;Ska; jdIam mDIagh i|yd mDIaál wd;;sh fõ'
;Sk;
a jdIamh
øj ;Ska; ìxÿj

lvodish

Page | 5
tla wjia:djl Ndú;d l< ;Ska; j¾.hla i|yd 𝑇𝑠𝑣 = 40 N m-1, 𝑇𝑠𝑙 = 25 N m-1 yd 𝑇𝑙𝑣 = 35 N m-1
jk nj fidhdf.k we;'
(i) lvodish u; we;s jk ia:dhs ;Ska; ìxÿjla i|yd iam¾Y fldaKh fidhkak'
(ii) my; tla tla iam¾Y fldaKh i|yd lvodish u; jQ ;Ska; ìxÿjl yevh we| olajkak'
(1)  = 0 (2)  = 90 (3)  = 180
(iii) ;Ska; ìxÿj jeoSfuka miq j lvodish f;;a fjk ld,h ;=< fmdÿ mDIaGfha úIalïNh (D)
ld,h iuÕ my; iólrKfha wdldrhg fifuka jeä fõ'
𝐷 = 𝑘𝑡 𝑛
fuys k hkq øjfha mDIaál wd;;sh iy ÿiai%dù;dj u; r|d mj;sk rdYshla jk w;r by;
oS Ndú;d l< ;Ska; j¾.h i|yd tys w.h 0.001 fõ' n ys w.h 0.2 fõ'
(1) lvodisfha jeoSfuka miq ia:dhs ùug .;jk ld,h yd ;ska; ìxÿjla me;srS hk
mDIaGfha úIalïNh r|d mj;sk idOl folla ,shkak'
(2) tla;rd lvodis j¾.hla u; m;s; jk ;Ska; ìxÿjla wh;a lr .kakd ia:dhs
úIalïNh 100 m fõ' by; ;Ska; ìxÿj lvodish u; josk fufydf;a isg by;
ia:dhs úIalïNh ,eîu olajd .;jk ld,h .Kkh lrkak'
08. fmdÿfõ ie,lSfï oS" úYd, yd oejeka; jia;=jla jgd lËhl p,s; jk l=vd jia;=jla pkaøsldjla f,i
ye|skafõ' pkaøhd hkq mD:súhg wh;a iajNdúl pkaøsldj fõ' mD:súh jgd jD;a;dldr lËhl p,s; jk
mrsos mD:sú mDIaGfha isg osh;a l< jia;=jla lD;Su pkaøsldjla f,i y÷kajhs' fujeks pkaøsldjla lË
.; lsrSfï uq,a mshjr f,i fjk;a frdlÜ hdkdjla uÕska wod, lËh fj; /f.k hdu isÿ flfrk
w;r" lËh u;g ,Õd jQ miq j iam¾YSh osYdjg wjYH ;ru m%fõ.hla ,nd foA' lËh u; oS wdikak
f,i jD;a;hl p,s; jk mrsos ,nd fok m%fõ.h pkaøsldjl lËSh m%fõ.h f,i y÷kajhs'
Y%S ,xldj uÕska lË.; l< m<uq m¾fhaIk pkaøsldj jk rdjkd-1 ksmoùug Y%S ,dxlsl ;reK
bkacsfkarejka fofofkl= odhl ù we;s w;r th ks¾udKh lr we;af;a cmdkfha oS h' 2019 j¾Ifha
wfm%a,a ui 18 osk Y%S ,xld fõ,dfjka fmrjre 2:16 g th lË.; flrsks'
rdjkd-1 pkaøsldj lË.; lsrSfï tla wruqKla jkqfha mDÓúh jgd pkaøsldj, lËSh m%fõ.hka wvq
ùu ms<sn| wOHhkh lsrSu h' tuÕska w;ayod n,kq ,nk ;j;a jeo.;a lreKla jkqfha pqïnl jHdj¾:
uÕska pkaøsldjl fldaKsl m%fõ.h wvq lr .ekSu isÿ l< yels o hkak h' thg wu;rj" fuu pkaøsldj
Y%S ,xldj yd Y%S ,xldj wi, fjk;a rgj, PdhdrEm f.k md,l uOHia:dkhg tjkq we;' rdjkd-1
pkaøsldj mD:sú mDIaGfha isg 400 km muK ÿrska jQ lËhl mj;ajd .kq ,nk w;r th osklg jdr
.Kkdjla mD:súh jgd lË.; ùug wfmaËd lrhs' rdjkd-1 pkaøsldj m%udKfhka l=vd tlla jk w;r
tys mrsudj 1000 cm3 yd ialkaOh 1.1 kg jk nj;a tys wdhq ld,h wjqreÿ tl yudrla muK jkq w;s
nj;a jd¾;d úh'
mD:súfha wrh R = 6.4106 m, g = 9.8 N kg-1 yd G = 6.671011 N m2 kg-2 nj i,lkak'
(a). (i) pkaøsldjla hï lËhla u; mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd Wmfhd.S jk n,h l=ula o?
(ii) pkaøsldjl lËsh m%fõ.h hkq l=ula o?
(iii) lD;Su pkaøsld mD:sú mDIaGfha isg lsf,daógr ish .Kkla wE;ska jQ lË u; mj;ajd
.ekSug fya;=j l=ula o?
(b). (i) mD:súh jgd wrh r jQ jD;a;dldr lËhl p,s; jk ialkaOh m jk pkaøsldjla i,lkak'
th u; l%shd lrkq ,nk flakaødNsidrS n,h i|yd m%ldYkhla ,shkak'
(ii) lËh u; oS pkaøsldfõ m%fõ.h i|yd m%ldYkhla ,nd .kak'
(iii) pkaøsldj mD:sú mDIaghg wdikakj p,s; fõ kï lËh u; oS tys m%fõ.h ljrla o?
mD:súfha wrh R fõ'
(iv) rdjkd-1 pkaøsldfõ lËSh m%fõ.h .Kkh lrkak'

Page | 6
(c). (i) mD:sú flakaøfha isg r ÿrska jQ lËhla fj; hdka;ñka ,Õd ùu i|yd ialkaOh m jk
pkaøsldjlg mD:sú mDIagh u; oS ,nd osh hq;= wju Yla;sh (Emin ) i|yd m%ldYkhla ,nd
.kak' mD:súfha ialkaOh M, mD:súfha wrh R yd i¾j;% .=re;ajdl¾IK ksh;h G f,i
i,lkak'
𝑅
(ii) lËh u; oS pkaøsldfõ uq¿ Yla;sh" 𝐸𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 𝑚𝑔𝑅 (1 − 2𝑟) jk nj fmkajkak' fuys 𝑔
hkq mD:sú mDIagh u; oS .=re;ajdl¾IK fËa;% ;Sj%;dj fõ'
(iii) pkaøsldjla lË.; lsrSfï l%shdfõ oS" th wod, lËhg hdka;ñka we;=< ùfï oS tys isria
(tkï wÍh osYdjg jQ) m%fõ. ixrplh ljrla úh hq;= o?
(iv) tu fudfyff;a oS pkaøsldfõ wÍh yd iam¾YSh osYdj,g jQ .uHd;djhka ljf¾o ?
4𝜋 2 𝑅 3
(d). mD:sú flakaøfha isg r ÿrska jQ lËhla u; oS pkaøsldjl wdj¾; ld,h T kï" 𝑇 2 = fõ'
𝑔𝑟 2
(i) rdjkd-1 pkaøsldfõ wdj¾; ld,h .Kkh lrkak'
(ii) th osklg o< jYfhka fldmuK j;djla mD:súh jgd lË.; fõ o?
(iii) rdjkd-1 pkaøsldj N+ ia:djr pkaøsldjla fõ o? Tnf.a ms<s;=rg fya;= fokak'
09 A. mrsm:hl fhdod we;s m%;sfrdaOlhla ;=<ska .,k úoHq;a

Odrdj uekSu i|yd weógrhla iy m%;sfrdaOlfha w.%
yryd úNj wka;rh uekSu i|yd fjd,aÜógrhla Ndú;d 5 k
lrkq ,efí'
E = 10 V
(a) weógrhg yd fjda,aÜógrhg w;HjYHfhka u mej;sh hq;= r=0
.=Kdx. fudkjd o?
(b) (i) rEmfha oelafjk mrsm:fha fjd,aÜógrh iïnkaO 10 k V
lsrSug m%:ufhka 10 k m%;sfrdaOlfha w.% yryd
úNj wka;rh fldmuK o? negrsfha wNHka;r
m%;sfrdaOh fkdi,ld yrskak'
(ii) by; fjda,aàh;djh uek.ekSug iïnkaO flfrk fjd,aÜógrfha mQ¾K mrsudK
W;al%uKh 10 V f,i o" tys wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh 1 k V-1 f,i o olajd we;' fjd,aÜógrh
fmkajk mdGdxlh l=ula o?
(iii) by; (i) yd (ii) fldgia i|yd ,enqkq w.hka tlsfklg fjkia ùug fya;= olajkak'
(iv) fjd,aÜógrfha wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh by< kexùfï oS by; wjia:djg wod,j tys mGdxlh
fjkia jk wdldrh m%ia;drhl we| olajkak'
(c) my; rEmj, olajd we;af;a mrsm:hl fhdod we;s m%;sfrdaOhl (R) fofl<jr úNj wka;rh yd
th ;=<ska .,d hk úoHq;a Odrdj uekSu i|yd weógrhla (A) yd fjda,aÜógrhla (V) ilia lr
we;s wdldrhhs' my; oelafjk tla tla wjia:dj i|yd l=uk mrsm:h jvd;a fhda.H fõ oehs
fya;= iys;j meyeos<s lrkak'
(i) R = 2  iy S = 4  jk úg (ii) R = 500 k iy S = 1 M úg
E E
V V
A A
R S R S
rEmh (i) rEmh (ii)

Page | 7
(d) úoHq;a n,anhla wvx.= mrsm:hl weógrhla (A) yd fjd,aÜógrhla (V) jeros wdldrhg iïnkaO
lr we;s whqre my; rEmj, olajd we;'
E E
A
úoHq;a fldaIfha úoHq;a >dul n,h E = 2.0 V jk w;r tys wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh r = 0.45  fõ'
fjd,aÜógrfha mrdih 0 V - 2.0 V jk w;r" tys wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh RV = 20 k fõ' weógrfha
mrdih 0 A - 4.0 A jk w;r" tys wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh RA = 0.05  fõ'
úoHq;a n,anh (2.0 V, 200 mA) f,i m%udKkh lr we;'
(i) fjd,aÜógrh wvx.= mrsm:fha úoHq;a n,anh oe,afõ o? ms<s;=r meyeos<s lrkak'
(ii) tu mrsm:fha fjd,aÜógr mdGdxlh o< jYfhka Y=kH o? mQ¾K mrsudK W;al%uKhg
iudk o? ke;akï mQ¾K mrsudK W;al%uKfhka w¾Ohlg iudk o?
(iii) weógrh wvx.= mrsm:fha úoHq;a n,anh oe,afõ o? ms<s;=r meyeos<s lrkak'
(iv) tu mrsm:fha weógr mdGdxlh o< jYfhka Y=kHo? mQ¾K mrsudK W;al%uKhg iudk o?
ke;akï mQ¾K mrsudK W;al%uKfhka w¾Ohlg wvlg iudk o?
09 B (a) NOR oajdrhla “i¾jf,dal oajdrhla” (Universal Gate) f,i ie,lsh yelafla NOR oajdr tlla
fyda lSmhla Ndú;fhka NOT, OR yd AND hk uQ,sl oajdr ;¾lhka ,nd .; yels neúks'
WodyrKhla f,i 1 rEmfha oelafjk mrsos NOR oajdrhl m%odk w.% fol tlg wuqkd ;ks w.%hla
f,i Ndú; lsrSfuka NOT oajdrhla ilid .; yels h'
(i) m%odk w.% folla iys; NOR oajdrhlg wod, i;H;d

A Q
j.=j ,shd olajkak'
(ii) iqÿiq i;H;d j.= Ndú;fhka my; 2 yd 3 rEm igykaj, Q=A
rEmh 1
olajd we;s tla tla oajdr mrsm:h uÕska ljr uQ,sl oajdr
;¾lh ksrEmKh lrkafkaoehs olajkak'
A
Q A Q
B
B
rEmh 2 rEmh 3
(b) yrs;d.drhl WIaK;ajh  (oC) ys wju w.h"  1 yd WmÍu w.h  2 f,i jQ w.h mrdihl mj;ajd
.; hq;= h' fï i|yd ixLHdxl mrsm:hla uÕska md,kh jk isis,lhla (C) yd ;dmlhla (H)
fhdod .kS' wju yd WmrSu WIaK;aj w.hka wkdjrKh lsrSu i|yd ms<sfj,ska D1 yd D2 wkdjrl
folla fhdod we;s w;r tajd tl tlla ms<sfj,ska yrs;d.drfha WIaK;ajh  1 yd  2 w.h blaujd
hk úg m%;sodkh f,i ;d¾lsl ‘1’ ,nd fohs'
(i) ld,h iuÕ yß;d.drfha WIaK;ajfha úp,kh m%;siu ix{djla f,i we| olajkak'
(ii) wkdjrlj, m%;sodkhka D1 = 1 yd D2 = 0 f,i ,nd fok wjia:djl yrs;d.drhl WIaK;ajh
() ms<sn| j ljr ks.ukhlg t<eôh yels o?

Page | 8
(iii) m%dfhda.sl f,i wkdjrlj, m%;sodkhka D1 = 0 yd D2 = 1 wjia:djla fkd,eöug fya;=j

l=ula o?
(iv) D1 yd D2 wkdjrlj, m%;sodkhka m%odk f,i fhdod .ksñka isis,lh (C) yd ;dmlh (H)
ls%hd;aul lrùug fhdod .; yels ixLHdxl mrsm:hl l=Üá igyk my; rEmfha oelafõ'
D1 isis,lh (C)
D2 ;dmlh (H)
(1) by; ixLHdxl mrsm:h f.dvkeÕSug fhdod .; yels i;H;d j.=j ms<sfh, lrkak'
(2) isis,lh fyda ;dmlh ls%hd;aul lrùu oelaùug wod, nQ,shdkq m%ldYk ,shd olajkak'
(3) AND yd NOT uQ,sl oajdr Ndú;fhka by; mßm:h ks¾udKh lrkak'
(4) NOR oajdr muKla Ndú;fhka by; (3) ys oS we|s mrsm:h m%;s ks¾udKh lrkak'
(c) by; oS oelajQ wkdjrlj, fyda isis,lfha we;súh yels fodaIhla fyda fjk hï fya;=jla ksid
yrs;d.drh ;=< WIaK;ajh hï ksYaÑ; w.hla blaujd .sh wjia:djl LED hla oe,aùu yd úÿ,s
iSkqjla kdo lrùu uÕska ta nj oekaùug fhdod.;a SR ms<s-fmd<la wvx.= mrsm:hla my; rEmfha
oelafõ' tys D hkq úNj ndOlh 0.7 V jQ is,slka j¾.fha osfhdavhla jk w;r 2 mA Odrdjla
uÕska l%shd;aul jk B úÿ,s iSkqfõ m%;sfrdaOh 2.15 k fõ'
S
Q
10 k R R1
Q
10 k D
LED
(1) yrs;d.drh ;=< WIaK;ajh idudkH f,i mj;S kï ms<s-fmd<h i|yd m%odkhka R = 0 yd
S = 0 f,i ,efí' WIaK;ajh widudkH f,i by< .sh wjia:djl ms<s -fmd<h i|yd
m%odkhka R = 0 yd S = 1 fõ kï" túg ksjeros f,i LED h oe,aùu yd úÿ,s iSkqj l%shd;aul
ùu isÿ jk nj fmkajd fokak'
(2) ld¾ñlfhl= úiska isis,lh ksis wdldrj l%shd;aul lrjd yrs;d.drh ;=< WIaK;ajh
idudkH uÜgug m;a l< úg o LED h oe,aùu yd úÿ,s iSkqj l%shd;aul ùu os.gu isÿ
jkafka wehs oehs meyeos<s lrkak'
(3) LED h oe,aùu yd úÿ,s iSkqj l%shd;aul ùu k;r l< yelafla flfiaoehs i|yka lrkak'
10 A (a) øjhl jdIamSNjkh yd jdIamSlrKh hk l%shd w;r fjkia lï ,shd olajkak'
(b) msrsisÿ c,h wvx.= c,dYhl jQ c,fha WIaK;ajh osjd ld,fha oS 30 C jk w;r c,dYfha c,hg
by<ska ie,lsh hq;= ;rï c, jdIam m%udKhla wvx.= fõ'
(i) 30 C ys mj;sk øj c,fha jq wKq yd jdIam f,i mj;sk c, wKqj, p,s; iajNdjh
olajd tajdfha uOHkH fõ.hka ixikaokh lrkak'
(ii) moaO;shl wNHka;r Yla;sh f,i Tn jgyd .kafka l=ula o?

Page | 9
(iii) by; (ii) fldgig Tn ÿka ms<s;=rg wkqj" tall mrsudjl ;=< tal u WIaK;ajfha mj;sk
c, wKqj, yd c, jdIam wKqj, wNHka;r Yla;Ska ixikaokh lrkak'
(v) hï øjHhl jdIamSNjkfha .=ma; ;dmh ú,hkfha .=ma; ;dmhg jvd jeä jkafka wehs oehs
meyeos<s lrkak'
(b) újD; c, ud¾.hla Tiafia by; c,dYfha jQ c,h k.rhla lrd /f.k hhs' k.r jdiskaf.a c,
wjYH;djh iemsrSug 2.7 m3 s-1 iS>%;djhlska c,h iemhSu isÿ l, hq;= jk w;r c,h .,d hk
c, ud¾.h 9.2 m m<,lska o 51 km os.lska hqla; fõ' osjd ld,fha oS c, mDIaGfha tall
fËa;%M,hla u; m;kh jk iq¾hdf,dalh uÕska 900 W m-2 iS>%;djhlska ;dmh imhhs' flfia
kuq;a iQ¾hdf,dalh m;s; ùfuka c,fha WIaK;ajh by< fkdhk nj i,lkak'
(i) osjd ld,h ;=< oS c,dYh uÕska c,h imhk iS>%;djh k.rfha c, mrsfNdack iS>%;djhg
jvd jeä úh hq;= jkafka wehs oehs meyeos<s lrkak'
(ii) osjd ld,h ;=< oS c,dYh uÕska c,h iemhsh hq;= iS>%;djh .Kkh lrkak'
c,fhaa >k;ajh 1000 kg m-3 yd jdIamSNjkfha úYsIg .=ma; ;dmfhaa uOHkH w.h
2.26106 J kg-1 fõ'
(iii) c, ud¾.fhka wmf;a hk c, m%udKh wvq lr .ekSu i|yd fhdod .; yels l%uhla
fhdackd lrkak'
10 B. (a) X - lsrK idod .ekSu i|yd Ndú;d lrk X-lsrK k<hla rEmfha oelafõ'
rsla;lh
100 kV
bf,lafg%dak
b,lal f,dayh
loïnh
iQ;%sldj
ms;a;, wefkdavh
X lsrK loïnh
(i) by; WmlrKfha X-lsrK iEfok wdldrh úia;r lrkak'

(ii) X-lsrK k<h rsla;l l< hq;= jkafka wehs?
(iii) b,lal f,dayh u; m;s; jk bf,lafg%dakhl pd,l Yla;sfhka 1% muKla X-lsrK
njg m;afõ kï iEfok X-lsrKj, ;rx. wdhduh fidhkak'
bf,lafg%dakhl wdfrdamKh = 1.610-19 C
ma,dxla ksh;h = 6.6310-34 J s.
rsla;lh ;=< wdf,dalfha m%fõ.h = 3108 m s-1
X-lsrK
(b) (i) by; oS ksmojd.;a X-lsrK my; rEmfha m%ldY lef;davh

olajd we;s wdldrfha m%ldY fldaIhla
fj; m%odkh flf¾' tuÕska m%ldY
úoHq;a wdprKh ms<sn| j wOHhkh
lsÍug yels fõ' fuys oS" m%ldY fldaIfha
lef;davh X-lsrKj,g ksrdjrKh l< G
úg" .e,ajfkdaógrfha wp, mdGdxlhla
we;s jk nj oel .; yels fõ' th isÿ
jk wdldrh meyeos<s lrkak'

Page | 10
(ii) m%ldY lef;davh f,i fhdod we;af;a ld¾hh Y%s;h 4 eV jk fmdgEishï f,dayh fõ'
m%ldY lef;davfhka ksl=;a jk m%ldY bf,lafg%dakj, WmrSu pd,l Yla;h
s eV fldmuK
fõ o ?
ℎ
(c) úlsrK f*dafgdakhlg .uH;djhla mj;sk w;r th 𝑝 = 𝜆 iólrKfhka ,efí' fuys" h -
ma,dxla ksh;h jk w;r 𝜆 hkq f*dafgdakh wh;a ;rx.fha ;rx. wdhduh fõ' f*dafgdakhla
mod¾:hla iuÕ .egqkq úg tys wvx.= Yla;sfhka yd .uH;djfhka fldgila mod¾:hg yqjudre
fõ' X - lsrK loïnhl we;s f*dafgdakhla ksoyia bf,lafg%dakhl iuÕ .egqkq wjia:djla
i,lkak'
𝜆2
m%lsrK f*dafgdakh
m;s; f*dafgdakh


𝜆1
bf,lafg%dakh fmd,d mekSu
fujeks wjia:djl bf,lafg%dakh fmd,d mekSulg ,la ùu;a .egqfuka miqj f*dafgdakfha osYdj
fjkia ùu;a ms<sn| j fndfyda wOHhkhka isÿ fldg we;s w;r fmdÿfõ fuu ixisoaêh m%lsrKh
f,i y÷kajhs' fujeks tla wjia:djl oS" m;s; f*dafgdakfha yd m%lsrK f*dafgdakfha ;rx.
wdhduhka ms<sfj<ska 0.20 nm yd 0.21 nm f,i y÷kdf.k we;' ;j o" fuys oS m%lsrKh jQ
f*dafgdakfha p,s; osYdj m;s; f*dafgdakfha uq,a p,s; osYdj iuÕ 45 fldaKhla idok nj o
i,lkak'
(i) bf,lafg%dakh ,nd .;a pd,l Yla;sh eV j,ska fidhkak'

(ii) bf,lafg%dakh fmd,d mksk osYdj" m;s; f*dafgdakfha p,s; osYdj iuÕ idok fldaKh
fidhkak'
*******

P a g e | 11


Advanced Level Physics Physics 2020 Model Paper by Prof - Kalinga Bandara

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Advanced Level Physics Physics 2020 Model Paper by Prof - Kalinga Bandara

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wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% (Wiia fm<) úNd.h - 2020

01. Yla;s uekSug Ndú;d l< fkdyels tallh jkqfha"

(1) eV (2) kW h (3) V C (4) N m (5) W s-1

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

A/L Physics - 2020 Foundations of Physics

04. ;=kS wNsidß ldphla bosßfhka jia;=jla ;nd

c,fha ;dmdxlh 20 R 300 U 120 S

c,fha ysudxlh - 80 R 225 U 50 S

(1) 25 S > 25 U > 25 R (2) 25 R > 25 U > 25 S (3) 25 U > 25 S > 25 R

(1) mDÓú flakaøfha .=re;aj úNjh Y=kH úh hq;= h'

A/L Physics - 2020 Foundations of Physics

(1) 10.4 J (2) 4.6 J (3) 3.2 J (4) 2.6 J (5) 0 J

(1) √2 𝑣0 (2) 2 𝑣0 (3) 2√2 𝑣0 (4) 𝑣0 (5) √3 𝑣0

A/L Physics - 2020 Foundations of Physics

11. taldldr ;=kS f,day Ndckhla c, mDIaGhla u;

A/L Physics - 2020 Foundations of Physics

VA,B VA,B VA,B

-gt0 -gt0 -gt0

A/L Physics - 2020 Foundations of Physics

(1) tan -1 (0.8) (2) sin -1 (0.8) (3) cos -1 (0.8)

A/L Physics - 2020 Foundations of Physics

(1) 30 (2) 60 (3) 20 (4) 40 (5) 120

20. iuoaúmdo iDcqfldaKS ùÿre m%siauhla idod we;s ùÿre yd

(1) (2) (3) (5)

23. øjhla mqrjd we;s isria ùÿre k, folla ;sria

(1) 2.2 × 10−3 C-1 (2) 1.1 × 10−2 C-1 0 C

24. mßmQ¾K jdhqjla i|yd P – V jl%h P c

(1) 50 J (2) 150 J (3) 200 J (4) 250 J (5) 300 J

A/L Physics - 2020 Foundations of Physics

26. rEmfha mßos wrh 𝑎 jk 𝐼 Odrdjla /.;a

29. mdohl os. 𝑎 jq iup;=ri%fha A, B, C, D hk

A/L Physics - 2020 Foundations of Physics

(1) 9 F (2) 12 F (3) 10 F (4) 8 F (5) 13 F

32. ialkaOh 0.05 kg jk jia;=jla m%;Hia: ;ka;=jl

A/L Physics - 2020 Foundations of Physics

35. wNHka;r wrh 𝑟 jQ flaYsl k,hla isriaj ;nd th

(1) ℎ𝜌𝑔 = 4𝑇1 /𝑟 − 4𝑇2 /𝑎

36. tll w.h 2  ne.ska jQ m%;sfrdaO

A/L Physics - 2020 Foundations of Physics

(1) V1 (2) V2 (3) V3 (4) V4 (5) V5

(a) S = 0 yd E = 0 úg" Q = I0 fõ'

by; m%ldY w;=rska i;H jkqfha" S E

43. rEmfha ±lafjk mßm:fha V1, V2 iy V3 V1 R1

(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 5/2 (4) 3 (5) 4

A/L Physics - 2020 Foundations of Physics

(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E

47. rEmfha oelafjkqfha úYd, os.lska hq;= P yd Q

(1) 4 V (2) 2.4 V (3) 3.0 V (4) 8.4 V (5) 3.2 V

(1) E1  E2  E3  E4 (2) E4  E3  E2  E1 (3) E1 = E2  E3 = E4

0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0

fuys C, D hkq O ika;,

(d) fuu ;=,dfõ ixfõoS;djh l=ula o?

A/L Physics - 2020 Foundations of Physics

(ii) isiqjd úiska f;darf.k we;s ialkaO hq.,h l=ula o?

(iii) w.h fkdokakd jia;=fõ ialkaOh l=ula o?

(v) by; .Kkh i|yd Tn fhdod.;a kshuh ,shd olajkak'

A/L Physics - 2020 Foundations of Physics

(ii) Tnf.a ms<s;=rg fya;= olajkak'

(d) le,rsógrh mrsjdrl ;ka;= uÕska t,a,Sfuka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka l=ulaoehs

(e) le,rsógrh jgd c, n÷kla ;eîfuka isÿ lr we;af;a l=ulao ?

(f) YsIHhd úiska ,nd.;a isis,k jl% fol rEmfha oelafõ'