Adi's Book

COMMON SPOKEN TAMIL
MADE EASY
Third Edition
by
T. V. ADIKESAVALU
Digital Version
CHRISTIAN MEDICAL COLLEGE VELLORE

Adi’s Book.
COMMON SPOKEN TAMIL
MADE EASY
Third Edition
by
T. V. ADIKESAVALU
Digital Version
2007
This book was prepared for the staff and students of Christian Medical College Vellore,
for use in the Tamil Study Programme. No part may be reproduced without permission of
the General Superintendent.
2
Adi’s Book.
CONTENTS
FOREWORD. 6
PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION. 7
THIRD EDITION: UPDATE. 8
I. NOTES FOR PRONUNCIATION & KEY FOR ABBREVIATIONS. 9
II. GRAMMAR LESSONS:
Lesson No. Page.
1. Greetings and Forms of Address. 10
2. Pronouns, Interrogative and Demonstrative. 12
3. Pronouns, Personal. 15
4. The Verb ‘to be’, implied. 17
5. Cardinal Numbers 1 to 10, and
Verbs - introduction. 19
6. Verbs - Positive Imperatives. 21
7. Verbs - Negative Imperatives, Weak & Strong Verbs, & Medials. 23
8. Nouns - forming the plural. 28
9. Nouns and Personal Pronouns - Accusative (Object) case. 30
10. Nouns and Personal Pronouns - Genitive (Possessive) Case. 34
11. Review, (Revision) No.I. 38
12. Verbs - Infinitives. 40
13. Nouns and Personal Pronouns, Dative Case, ‘to’ or ‘for’
& Verbs - Defective. 43
14. Verbs - defective (continued). 47
15. Cardinal Numbers 11 to 1000 & Time. 50
16. Verbs - Present tense, Positive. 54
17. Adjectives and Adverbs. 58
18. Post-Positions. 61
19. Nouns - Locative Case, 'at' or 'in'. 64
20. Post positions, (Continued). 67
21. Verbs - Future Tense, Positive, and Ordinal Numbers. 70
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Adi’s Book.
22. Verbs - Present and Past, Negative, Page.

and Potential Form to express 'may' 75
23. The Vegetable Shop, And Review (Revision) No.II 79
24. Verbs – Future tense, Negative. 82
25. Nouns & Pronouns, Instrumental, ‘by means of’ or ‘with’,
Verbs – to express ‘should’,‘should not’, ‘must’ and ‘must not’ 87
26. Nouns & Pronouns, Instrumental case accompaniment/association,
Verbs – to express ‘need,…need not’ 92
27. Nouns & Pronouns – ablative case, ‘from’,
Verbs – to express ‘can’ or ‘able to’ &‘cannot’ or ‘not able to’ 97
28. Nouns & Pronouns – locative case (continued from Lesson 19) 102
29. Nouns & Pronouns, complete declensions 107
30. Verbs, Past Tense, strong verbs, with ‘thth’ as medial 110
31. Verbs, Past Tense, strong verbs, with ’thth’ as medial (continued) 114
32. Verbs, Past Tense, weak verbs, with ‘dh’ as medial 117
33. Verbs, Past Tense, weak and strong, with ‘ndh’ as medial 120
34. Verbs, Past Tense, weak and strong, with ‘ndh’ as medial (continued) 123
35. Verbs, Past Tense, weak verbs, with ‘in’ as medial 126
36. Verbs, Past Tense, weak verbs, with ‘in’ as medial (continued) 130
37. Verbs, Past Tense, weak verbs, with ‘tt’ as medial 133
38. Review (Revision) No.III 137
39. Verbs – Past Participles 140
40. Verbs – Perfect & Imperfect tenses 144
41. Verbs – conditional form ‘if’ & ‘if not’. 148
42. To express ‘even if’ & ‘even if not’ 153
43. Verbs –Participles – present, past & future forms. 157
44. Comparison and Reflective verbs. 161
45. Intensive verbs & Causal verbs. 166
46. Composite Nouns, Participle Nouns & Verbal Nouns. 170
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Adi’s Book.
47. Adverbial clause of time Page

‘when’, ‘while’, ‘before’, ‘after’, ‘as soon as’, ‘until’, ‘up to’. 175
48. Adverbial clauses of purpose, manner, cause or reason,
‘in order not to’, ‘according to’, ‘because’. 180
49. Suffix ‘um’ & its uses 184
!"#$%&''()*+$,!-.$,"-.$,#-$/01$$,!2/13&- 187
III. Everyday dialogues:
51. Greeting and meeting people 192
52. Conversation about one’s work 195
53. Conversation with a servant 197
54. Conversation regarding time 199
55. Conversation about weather 202
56. Conversation with a tailor 203
57. Conversation with a cloth merchant 205
58. Conversation with a fruit merchant 207
59. Conversation with a gardener 209
60. Conversation at the dining table 211
61. Conversation with a dhobi 213
62. Conversation at a railway station 216
IV. SHORT STORIES.
4#$5!6363&7$890$7&66*:&7$ The goose and the golden eggs. 218
;#$</$/==!>/0&7$0/7?(==/($&%%/$0!:&7$ The rich man & the faithful dog.219
@#$A3988($2:!?!>(&7$=&>/0B&0B/C&7$ Cap merchant a& the monkeys. 220
D#$E6363&7*13!0$?/C/7$ Unity is strength. 221
!#$A3/(:/C=!>/0&7$:!0*:&7$ The tailor and the elephant. 222
F#$EG2/(:!>$:*00&7$8&C/2/>$ Owaiyar the poetess. 223
V. GRAMMAR AT A GLANCE. Where to find a Spoken Tamil Principle. 225
VI. ENGLISH – TAMIL VOCABULARY. Separate File.
VII. TAMIL – ENGLISH VOCABULARY. Separate File.
5
Adi’s Book.
FOREWORD TO SECOND EDITION

For more than fifteen years, the writer has been teaching Tamil to the western
students and non-Tamil Indians at the Christian Medical College Hospital. The available
Tamil grammars and texts were used for teaching the Tamil script. But at the same time,
the writer's own Romanized Tamil notes were used to enable the students to speak the day-
to-day language of the people (Common Spoken Tamil) in a short period of time. This is
the proper spoken Tamil used even by educated Tamilians with one another. It was found
from the writer's experience that these notes were well-suited to his students who could
spare only a limited time for learning the language. The students wanted very much to
have these notes put in the form of a book. This was done in a limited edition and was
well received by the students and others.
As the first edition was prepared in a hurry, many mistakes crept in, which have
been corrected in this second edition. It will be appreciated if any further mistakes and
other suitable suggestions to improve this book are brought to the notice of the author.
In this edition the following have also been added:
1. Expansion drills
2. Practical conversation.
3. Everyday dialogues
4. Short stories
5. Sentences
6 Grammar at a glance
This book is almost a self-instructor. However, it must be supplemented with
recorded tapes by a Tamilian or preferably, by having the pronunciation, intonations, etc.,
checked by a Tamilian directly.
Tamil is spoken somewhat differently in different parts of Tamil Nadu. But all the
different dialects cannot be taught at one and the same time. When one dialect has been
learned, it will not be hard to learn and understand other dialects as well. The spoken
Tamil form, which is commonly heard from the Tamilians at home, at the market, bus
stand, etc., in the northern districts of Tamil Nadu, is used in this book.
6
Adi’s Book.
This book is made for those who want to start speaking Tamil without the help of
the Tamil script. As this is just a short course of lessons, only common vocabulary is
used. Here and there a few words are inserted at an earlier stage to add interest to
sentences and phrases in lessons. Vocabulary must be steadily increased. To achieve this,
short stories may be used as a medium. For more advanced study, this book can never be
a substitute for the other well-written books.
In preparation of this book, the author is indebted to his students, who have been a
constant source of encouragement and stimulation and support, and to his wife for her
patience and understanding.
The works that were consulted in the preparation are:
"Direct Method" by Thiru P. Jothimuththu, Arden's Tamil Grammar and
Tamil Course for European Schools by Kerslake and Narayanaswamy.
Vellore
September 1968 T.V. Adikesavalu
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THIRD EDITION: UPDATE
My great respect for “Adi” is shared by many who have benefitted from his
teaching. There is no doubt that this book has been instrumental in making everyday
spoken Tamil available to a large number of foreign and Indian people. Most of these have
been staff or students in various courses at CMC, Vellore, who would not have been able
to give adequate time to learning the language starting with Tamil script. In recent years
there has been an increase in the number of short term visitors and it is hoped that this
computerised version will make it possible for more of them also to pick up a little Tamil,
and thus be able to increase the usefulness of their experience here.
The only very noticeable changes now made are the radical revision of Grammar at
a Glance to form of an Alphabetical List Of Grammar Principles, and the addition of a
Romanised Tamil-English Vocabulary, and extension of the English-Tamil one. These are
presented as Separate files, which can be viewed in separate windows for ease of reference
on screen.
CMC Vellore. February 2007 Brian Witchalls
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7
Adi’s Book.
PREFACE
To make the best use of this book, students are requested to pay attention to the following:
'Expansion drills' given at the end of each lesson may be studied again and again for a
thorough understanding of the grammar principle of the respective lesson and alignment of
words in Tamil sentences. 'Practical Conversation' &$ +39>6$ /01$ &+*'&C$ H902*>+/6(90/C
sentences which may be memorised if the student has enough time. Otherwise, it will help
if one just reads the sentences often, as fast as two Tamilians would speak. Everyday
dialogues and short stories are meant for practical use of the language (for communication
of ideas in Tamil) whenever and wherever necessary. No conversation in Tamil will either
be attractive or effective without the quotation of a few of the Tamil proverbs and hence
common proverbs are given for occasional use. To enable the students to have an easy
reference to the grammar principles dealt with in the book, 'Grammar at a glance' with
examples are given.
One can learn to speak Tamil, the writer has no doubt, by continuous study of this book at
least for six months – 2 hours daily; an hour with the Tamil teacher and at least another
hour's practice at home, even if one is pessimistic about learning any language in a short
period of time. Frequent drilling and repetition of the exercises done already, speaking
with the Tamilians as often as possible, listening to the Tamilians talking and
comprehending it to the best of one's ability are the only ways of achieving proficiency in
the language. The secret of success in speaking Tamil is just to speak it out – right or
wrong, good or bad!!
Vellore
September 1968 T.V. Adikesavalu
8
Adi’s Book.
I. NOTES FOR PRONUNCIATION & KEY FOR ABBREVIATIONS
Notes for Pronunciation. Ask Tamil speakers to help. (note ensuing arguments!)
(English vowels, “Vellore English Accent pronunciation” not Oxford or London,etc).
Long vowels are expressed by a hyphen above the letters.
a as in but, shut ! as in arm, palm
ai as in gait, pain ,'-$/+$(0$Hat is not ever used.
e as in pen, bed " as in say, made
i as in pit, kid ( as in sheep, meet
o as in dot, pot # as in code, roll
ow as in cow, town
u as in should, good ) as in moon, cool
Palate sounds are expressed by a comma below the letters.
% /+$(0$&%%* inside $ /+$(0$8/$/7$$$$790*:
* /+$(0$8/*/7$$$$'>&(6
Key for abbreviations used in the book:
accus. accusative n. noun
adv. adverb adj. adjective
pron. pronoun v. verb
nom. takes nominative case dat takes dative case
d.b. takes declensional base intr. intransitive
tr. transitive neut. neuter
imp. impersonal pers. personal
incl. inclusive excl. exclusive
m. masculine fem. feminine
w. weak verb s. strong verb
sing. singular pl. plural
Medials for past tense verbs.

dh., in., n., nd., ndh., tt., thth
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Adi’s Book.
II. GRAMMAR LESSONS:
LESSON 1
GREETINGS AND FORMS OF ADDRESS.
/88! … Father, or polite masculine form of addressing, regardless of age.

/77! … Mother, or madam, or polite form of addressing, regardless of age
2/$/==/7 … Greeting, with a reverent bow for any time.
0/7/+=!>/7… I>**6(0B.$(06*>H3/0B*/?C*$G(63$,2/$/==/m’.
+63#63>/7 … Greeting, (Tamil Christian).
0/7/+63" … Greeting, (all India).
2!0B/ … Come (polite form)
&==!>&0B/ … Sit (polite form).
0(0B/ … You (polite form).
:!> … Who or whose.
0!0 … I
nandri … Thanks.-
Read the sentences following each lesson, as well as the lesson itself,
repeating loudly again and again. Long vowel sounds should be pronounced long – the
longer the better. The short vowel sounds should be short and sharp. Endings of
sentences should not be complete but muted. Speed in speaking will gradually be gained
by running words into one another. Phrasing plays an important part in making others
understand the speaker. Hence the drilling sentences are phrased throughout to enable the
students to follow the proper form from the beginning. The tonal effects should be learned
from the teacher or any Tamilian. ‘English’ Accents should be scrupulously avoided.
The verb ‘to be’ is implied in very many instances.
The definite and indefinite articles are often omitted.
There are no capital letters in Tamil, so none are used in the Tamil words throughout.
Doubled letters or double pairs of letters reflect the spellings in Tamil script.
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Adi’s Book.
Short Sentences.
1. /(:!$2/$/==/7.$J2/$/==/7$/(:!K Good morning sir.
2. /77!$2/$/==/7.$J2/$/==/7$/77!K Good morning madam.
3. /77!$2!0B/, Madam, come.
/(:!$2!0B/# Sir, come.
4. /77!$&==!>&0B/. Madam, sit.
/(:!$&==!>&0B/# Sir, sit.
5. 2!0B/$/77!$J9>$2!0B/77!K Come, madam.
6. 2!0B/$/(:!$J9>$2!0B/(:!K Come, sir.
7. &==!>&0B/$/77!$J9>$&==!>&0B/77!K Sit, madam.
8. &==!>&0B/$/(:!$J9>$&==!>&0B/(:/!K Sit, sir – (formal)
9. /77!.$0(0B/$:!>L Madam, who (are) you?
10. !(:!$0(0B/$:!>L Sir, who (are) you? – (formal)
11. 0(0B/$:!>$/77!L$$J0(0B/$:!>7!LK Who (are) you, madam? – (formal)
12. 0(0B/$:!>$/(:!L$J0(0B/$:!>/(:!LK Who (are) you, sir?
13. 0(0B/$:!>L Who (are) you?
14 0(0B/$:!>$/88!L$J0(0B/$:!>8!LK Who (are) you?
15. 2!0B/$/88!$J2!0B/88!K (Please) Come, sir.
16 0(0B/$&==!>&0B/88!# You (please) sit, sir.
Practical Conversation
A, one person, meeting B, another person.
A. 2/$/==/7$/77!# Greetings, madam.
B. 2/$/==/7$/(:!# Greetings sir.
A. 2!0B/.$2!0B/$&==!>&0B/# Come in, come in, please sit.
B. 0/01>(.$/(:!# Thank you sir.
A. /77!.$0(0B/$:!>L Madam, who are you?
B. 0!0$/77!# I (am) (the) mother.
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11
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 2
PRONOUNS, INTERROGATIVE AND DEMONSTRATIVE
Questions in Tamil
M&*+6(90+$/>*$'9>7*1$(0$A/7(C$?:$/11(0B$,!-$69$63*$C/+6$G9>1$(0$/$+*06*0H*#.$?&6$('
(06*>>9B/6(2*+$+&H3$/+$G3/6.$G39.$*6H#.$9HH&>$(0$/$+*06*0H*.$,!-$G(CC$096$?*$&+*1$'(0/CC:#
NC+9.$,!-$H/0$?*$/''()*1$69$/0:$G9>1$G3(H3$0**1+$69$?*$*783/+(+*1$/+$/$O&*+6(90#
Note here also the plural forms of some words, formed by adding ‘nga’
Pronounce the final ‘e’ in the words inge, ange, enge, ille, kude, etc., as the “e” in bent
A slight ‘y’ is sometimes added to the beginning of the word enge, to make it
yenge, and also to other similar words starting with the ‘e’ sound. The ‘y’ is written
occasionally in this and subsequent lessons
enna what yenna what
edhu which one yedhu which one
edhunga which ones yedhunga which ones
enge where yenge where
inge here ange there
idhu this idhunga these
adhu that adhunga those
13!0 only, indeed.
,13!0-$(+$&+*1$C(?*>/CC:.$*2*0$B>/6&6(69&+C:.$/+$G(CC$?*$+**0$(0$7/0:$*)/78C*+$(0
subsequent lessons, where a translation of this word/attachment is often not included.
Vocabulary
=!(13/7 paper 2!13:!> teacher
=)1* basket jannal window
kude umbrella are room
0!==!C( chair pusthaham book
kadhavu door 8"0! pen
ille no !7!.$!m yes
(CC*:! no? (is it not?) (isn’t that so?)
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Adi’s Book.
Short Sentences.
1. /(:!.$(13&$*00/$J9>$(13*00/KL Sir, what (is) this?
2. (13&$0!==/C( This (is) a chair.
3. /77!.$/13&$*00/$J/13*00/KL Madam, what (is) that?
4. /13&$7"+* That (is) a table.
5. edhu pusthaham? Which (is) the book?
6. idhu pusthaham This (is) the book.
7. jannal enge? Where (is) the window?
8. jannal ange There (is) the window.
9. inge enna (or ingenna?) What (is) here?
10. inge kadhavu Here (is) the door.
11. idhu areya? (Is) this the room?
12. !7!.$(13&/>*13!0 Yes, this (is) the room indeed.
13. (13&$8"0!2!L (Is) this a pen?
14. (CC*.$(13&$8"0!$(CC* No, this (is) not a pen.
15. (13&2!$8"0!L (Is) this a pen?
16 /13&2!$8*0H(CL (Is) that a pencil?
17. !7!.$/13&$8*0H(C13!0 Yes, that (is) indeed a pencil.
18. (0B*13!0.$/0B*$(CC* Here only, not there.
19. (0B*:!.$/0B*:! Here or there?
20. !7!.$!7!.$J9>$!7!7!K$/13&13!0 Yes, yes, that (is) it.
------------------------
Practical Conversation.
L: Language teacher, S: student
L. 0/7/+=!>/7.$&==!>&0B/ Greetings, please sit
S 0/7/+63"$/(:!.$0/01>( Greetings sir, thank (you)
L. /77!.$(13&$*00/L Madam, what (is) this?
S. /(:!.$/13&$0!==!C( Sir, that (is a) chair
L. 8&+63/3/7$*0B*.$/0B*:!L Where is (the) book, there?
S. (0B*13!0.$/0B*$(CC* Right here, not there
13
Adi’s Book.
L. (13&$8"0!2!L (Is) this (a) pen?

S. (CC*.$/13&$8"0!$(CC*. No, that is not a pen,
/13&$8*0H(C13!0# That (is) (a) pencil indeed.
L. !7!7!.$/13&13!0# Yes, yes, that (is it) indeed.
Expansion Drills For Lessons 1 & 2
(0B*:! ) avar )
(13&2! ) ivar )
/0B*:! ) avanga )
/13&2! ) 8"0!L ivanga ) 2!13:!>.
enge ) or 0!0 ) or
edhu ) pencil ? n(nga ) doctor.
enna ) or /013/(:! )
(13&$:!> ) pusthaham? /013/77! )
/0B*:! ) evar ) 2!13:!>L
(0B*:! ) evanga ) 2!13:!>L
(13&2! ) :!> ) doctor?
---------------------
idhu ) n(nga )
adhu ) avar )
idhunga ) :!>L 0!0 ) :!>L
adhunga ) avanga )
inge ) adhu )
ange ) avan )
---------------------
(13&$=&1*$(CC*.$=)1*# idhu kadhavu ille, jannal.
(13&$0!==!C($(CC*.$7"+*# (13&$8&+63/3/7$(CC*.$=!(13/7#
(13&$8"0!$(CC*.$8*0H(C# /2/>$19H69>$(CC*.$2!13:!>#
/2/>$/88!$(CC*.$/77!# /2/>$2!13:!>$(CC*.$19H69>#
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Adi’s Book.
LESSON 3
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Singular Plural
0!0 I 0!7 we,(inclusive of
addressed person)
0!0B/$ we (exclusive)
0($ you (not polite) 0(0B/$ you (polite) (sing.or pl)
avan he (not polite) avanga they, (personal, pl)
ava she (not polite)
avar he or she (polite)
adhu it (neuter) adhunga they (neuter)
ivar this person ivanga these persons
evar which person evanga which persons
yevar which person yevanga which persons
en my (gen) unga your (gen)
yen my (gen)
indha this, or these andha that, or those
endha which (sing. or pl.)
yendha which (sing. or pl.)
----------------
paiyan boy
8*$ girl +63>( woman
thambi younger brother thangachchi younger sister
thambi youngster (male) thangachchi youngster (female)
/$$/0 elder brother /==! elder sister
doctor doctor
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15
Adi’s Book.
Short Sentences.
1. /013/$/(:!$:!r? Who (is) that gentleman?
2. /2/>.$:!>L Who (is) he?
3. avar, doctor He (is) a doctor
4. (013/$/77!$:!>L Who (is) this lady?
5. (013/$+63>(.$:!>L Who (is) this woman?
6. (2/>$2!63:!> She (or he) (is) a teacher
7. evar doctor? Which person (is) a doctor?
8. (2/>$19H69>!L (Is) this person a doctor?
9. (CC*.$/2/>$2!63:!># No, he (or she) (is) a teacher.
10. /13&$:!>L Who (is) that?
11. /77!.$(013/$8/(:/0$:!>L Mother, who (is) this boy?
12. /(:!.$/013/$8*$$:!>L Sir, who (is) that girl?
13. 63/7?(.$(0B*$2!# Little brother, come here.
14. 63/0B/H3H3(.$/0B*$&==!># Little sister, sit there.
15. (063/$8*$$19H69># This girl is a doctor.
16. /$$!.$(0B*$&==!>&0B/# Elder Brother, sit here.
17. /==!.$/0B*$2!0B/# Elder sister, come there.
General conversation between A and B.
A. 2!0B/77!.$(013/$8/(:/0$:!>L Greetings madam, who is this boy?
B. avan yen thambi. He (is) my younger brother.
A. (013/$8*$$&0B/$63/0B/H3H3(:!L (is) this girl your younger sister?
B. (CC*.$/2/$*0$/==!# No, she (is) my elder sister.
A. *2/>$19H69>.$(2/>$19H69>!L Which person is a doctor,
is this (one) a doctor?
B. (CC*.$(2/>$19H69>$(CC*.$(2/>$2!63:!># No, she is not a doctor, she is a teacher.
A. 0(0B/$19H69>!.$2!63:!>!L Are you a doctor or a teacher?
B. nan doctordhan. I am a doctor indeed.
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16
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 4
THE VERB “TO BE”,- IMPLIED
periya big chinna small, little(size).
suham in good health suham ille unwell, sick.
8#(6&$2/>"0 (guest) good–bye 8#(6&$2!0B/ (host) good–bye.
nalla good ketta bad
petti box sari yes, right, well, (OK)
sari ille not right, no good.
P!+63( much, too much. romba very, much, too much.
konjam a little, just kammi little, short(measure).
----------------------
Short Sentences.
1. /77!.$0(0B/$+&3/7!L Madam, (are) you well?
2. 0/0$+&3/713!0.$0/01>(# I (am) well, thank you.
3. /(:!$+&3/7!L (Is the) gentleman well?
4. /(:!$=90P/7$+&3/7$(CC*# The gentleman (is a) little unwell.
5. /2/>$>97?/$+&3/7(CC*:!L (Is) he very ill?
6. /77!$0/CC/$+&3/7!L (Is the) lady quite well?
7. (13&$H3(00/$0!==!C(# This (is a) small chair.
8. /13&$8*>(:/$7"+*# That (is) a big table.
9. indha petti chinna petti. This box (is a) small box.
10. andha paiyan nalla paiyan. That boy (is a ) good boy.
11. (013/$8*$$=*66/$8*$# This girl (is a ) bad girl.
12. (13&$>97?/$P!+63(.$(CC*:!L This (is) too much, no? (is it not?)
13. adhu romba konjam, ( kammi), That (is) too little. (That (is) very little).
14. 0!0$89(6&2/>"0.$2/$/==/7# Good–bye (by the guest)
15. 8#(6&2!0B/.$2/$/==/7# Good–bye (by the host)
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17
Adi’s Book.
A: Doctor, B: Woman with patient, C: Man.
A. 0(0B/$+&3/7!L (Are) you well?
B. !7!.$0!0$+&3/713/0.$0/01>(# Yes, I (am) indeed well, thank you.
A. :!>$+&3/7$(CC*L Who (is) not well?
B. /(:!$=90P/7$+&3/7$(CC*# He (is a) little unwell.
A. (0B*$8*>(:/$0!==!C(.$&==!>&0B/$/88! Here (is a) big chair,
(please) sit down, sir.
C. 0/01>(.$(013/$0!==!C($0/CC/$0!==!C(# Thank you, this chair (is a ) good chair.
A. !7.$/13&$0/CC/$8*>(:/$0!==!C(# Yes, that (is a) good big chair.
----------------------
Expansion Drill For Lessons 3 & 4.
idhu yenna? idhu petti.
/13&$8&+63/3/7!$8*66(:! adhu pusthaham.
periya petti yenge? /13&$(0B*13!0#
ethu nalla petti? periya petti nallathu.
(063/$H3(00/$8*66($+/>(:!L ille, athu sariyille.
indha pusthaham nallathu. !7!.$/63&$>97?/$0/CC/$8&+63/3/7#
(13&$>97?/$P!+63(# athu romba kammi.
(13&$P!+63(:!.$=/77(:!L
(13&$>97?/$>97?/$P!+63(# adhu romba romba kammi.
(13&$+/>(:!.$(CC*:!L adhu romba sari. romba nallathu.
+/>(.$8#(6&2/>"0# +/>(.$8#(6&2!0B/#
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 5
CARDINAL NUMBERS 1 TO 10, AND VERBS--INTRODUCTION
Cardinal Numbers
9$$& one !>& six
>*$1& two "*& seven
7)0& three ettu eight
0!C& four ombathu nine
anju, (anji) five paththu ten
Verbs, Introduction.
(Note: w. weak and s. strong, given, with the medials applicable: see lessons 6 & 7).
irukkuthu it is, there are.
iru (s.ndh) wait, be,
nil (s. n) stand
*013(>(.$**&013(>(.$J+#$013K stand up, wake up, getup,
Vocabulary.
oru one, a, an, (The Indefinite Article)
&%%* inside 2*%(:* outside
ivlavu this much avlavu that much
(y)evlavu? how much? (y)eththane? how many?
iththane this many aththane that many
>)?! rupee Paisa paise
kaththi knife 63/$$( water
+!2( key liter litre (measure)
8!C milk pal tooth
8) flower 8/*/7 fruit
Short Sentences
1. (0B*$*6363/0*$0!==!C($(>&kkuthu? How many chairs are here?
2. (0B*$0!C&$0!==!C($(>(==&63&# There are four chairs here.
3. anjum anjum yeththane? Five and five are how many?
4. anjum anjum pathu. Five and five are ten.
19
Adi’s Book.
5. konjam irunga. Inge irunga. Wait a bit. Wait here.
6. />*$&%%*$(>&0B/#$&%%*$8#0B/# Wait inside the room. Go in.
7. **&013(>&#$2*%(:*$0(C# Get up. Stand outside.
8. (0B*$7"+*$(>&==&13!L Is there a table here?
9. 7)0&7$0!C&7.$*2C/2&L Three and four make, how many?
10. 7)0&7$0!C&7$"*&.$(CC*:!L Three and four are seven, no?
11. &%%*$*00/$(>&==&13&L What is inside?
12. &%%*$7"P*:&7$0!==!C(:&7$(>&==&63&# There are tables and chairs inside.
13. (2%/2&$8!C$=901&8#0B/# Take away this much milk.
14. /2%/2&$8!C$(0B*$(CC*# There is not that much milk here.
15. /0B*$:*2%/2&$8!C$(>&==&63&L How much milk is there?
16. /0B*$=90P/7$8!C13!0$(>&==&13& Only a little milk is there.
17. (0B*$9>&$0!==!C($=901&2!# Bring one chair here.
18. >*$1&$8/*/7&7$9>&$=/6363(:&7$=901&2!# Bring two fruits and a knife
19. thanni romba kudinga. Drink a lot of water.
20. 9$$&.$>*$1&.$7)0&.$+9CC&0B/# Say one, two, three.
21. /63&$8!C.$(13&13!0$9>&$8/C#$ That is milk, this is a tooth!
T: Tamil Teacher, S: Student.
T. 0(0B/C!L$&%%*$2!0B/# Is that you? Come in.
S. 0/01>(.$2/$$/==/7# Thank you, Greetings.
T. 9$$&.$>*$1&.$7)0&.$+9CC&0B/# Say 1, 2, 3, etc.
S. 9$$&.$>*$1&.$7)0&.$0!C&.$/0P&.$!>&. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
"*&.$*66&.$97?/63&.$8/6363&# 7, 8, 9, 10.
T. (0B*$:*6363/0*$0!==!C($irukkuthu? How many chairs are there here?
S. /0B*$0!C&$0!==!C($(>&==&63&# There are four chairs there.
T. >*$1&7$7)0&7$*2C/2&L How much is two and three?
S. >*$1&7$7)0&7$/0P&.$(CC*:!L Two and three are five, no?
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20
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 6.
VERBS; POSITIVE IMPERATIVES.
The root of the verb itself is the ‘not polite’ form.
The root plus ‘nga’ is the ‘polite’ form. (pl.)
(Lesson 7 will develop the use of Medials, given in brackets here).
Not Polite. Polite.
&==!>$J013K sit &==!>&0B/ sit
2!$J013K come 2!0B/ come
8#$J0K go 8#0B/ go
Practice the application similarly to other verbs, such as the following:-
padi (thth) read, learn, study. 2!+($J6363K read
**&13&$J#(0K write sei (dh) make, do.
8"+&$J(0K speak sol, sollu (in) say, tell
nil, nillu (n) stand, stop kudi (thth) drink
=901&2!$J013K bring =901&8#$J0K take away
63/:!>$+*($J13K make ready, prepare.
-----------------
Use the following with nouns and pronouns, as in some of the sentences below:-
-um……...-um and
-umille…..-umille neither….nor
---------------------
Short Sentences
1. 63/7?(.$(0B*$2!#$$&==/># Little brother, come here. Sit.
2. /(:!.$=90P/7$/0B*$8#0B/ Sir, just go there.
3. intha pusthaham padinga. Read this book.
4. 63/0B/H3H3(.$=90P/7$63/$$($=&1(# Little sister, drink a little water.
5. 0(0B/$(013/$8!C$=&1(0B/# You drink this milk.
6. 8!C&7$63/$$(:&7$=901&8#0B/# Take away the water and milk.
7. idhu 63/$$(:&7(CC*$8!C&7(CC*. This is neither water or milk.
8. =90P&7$8"+&0B/# Speak a liittle.
21
Adi’s Book.
9. 2/$/==/7$+9CC&0B/# Say ‘greetings’.
10. >)?!2&7$8/(+/2&7$=901&2!0B/# Bring the rupee and the paise.
11. (0B*$=/63(:&7(CC*.$+!2(:&7(CC*# There is neither knife or key here.
12. (0B*:&7$/0B*:&7$**&13&# Write here and there.
13. (13&2&7$/63&2&7$63/:!>$+*(# Prepare this and that.
14. >*$1&$>)?!$8/63&$8/(+/$=91&# Give two rupees and ten paise.
15. 0/CC/$63/7(*$8"+&0B/# Speak good tamil.
16. 8*>(:/$8*66($=901&8## Take the big box.
17. 0($/0B*$0(C.$0(.$(0B*$0(CC&# You stand here. You, stand here.
18. 0(0B/.$(0B*$&==!>&0B/# You, sit here.
19. (13&$=*66/$8)$(CC*# This is not a bad flower.
20. /013/$0/CC/$8)$=901&2!# Bring that good flower.
----------------------
B: Boy selling milk. C: Customer.
C. 63/7?(.$(0B*$2!#$$8!C$=901&2! Little brother, come here. Bringe the milk.
B. *00/$/77!L$:*2%/2&$2"0&7L What (is it) maam. How much do you want?
C. 8!C$2(C*$:*00/L$$+9CC&0B/# What’s the price of the milk? Tell (me).
B. 97?/63&$>)?!$8/63&$8/(+*.$C(6*># Rs9.10 per litre.
C. /63&$>97?/$P!+63($(CC*:!L That is too much, no? (isn’t it?)
konjam kammi sei. Make it a bit less.
B. (CC*$/77!.$(63&$>97?/$=90P/7# No maam, this is very low (price).
C. (13&$8!C&7(CC*$63/$$(:&7(CC*# This is neither milk or water!
B. (13&$0/CC/$8!C#$$=90P/7$=&1(0B/# This is good milk. (Please) drink some.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 7.
NEGATIVE IMPERATIVES,
WEAK AND STRONG VERBS, AND MEDIALS,
Negative Imperative.
Q(63$,!13*-$/01$,!13(0B/-.$$$,19$096-#
(Weak and Strong Verbs – see below).
‘Not polite’ form.
R996$8C&+$,!13*-.$'9>$G*/=$2*>?+ 8#.$$S$$8#3!1* do not go
R996$8C&+$,=!13*-.$'9>$+6>90B$2*>?+. =&1(.$$S$$=&1(=!13* do not drink
‘Polite form’.
R996$8C&+$,!13(0B/-.$'9>$G*/=$2*>?+ 8#.$$S$$8#3!1(0B/ do not go
R996$8C&+$,=!13(0B/-.$'9>$+6>90B$2*>?+. =&1(.$$S$$=&1(==!13(0B/ do not drink
There are some exceptions to the above,

2!. 2/>!dhe, 2/>!13(0B/ do not come.
=901&2!. =901&2/>!13*$ =901&2/>!13(0B/ do not bring.
----------------------
VERBS, Weak And Strong

Classification:
Verbs Are classified into two groups, strong and weak. ‘Strong’ verbs form their
present tense with ‘kr’ as medial. ‘Weak’ verbs use ‘r’ as the medial to form the present
tense. Lesson 16 illustrates this further.
Note. Strong verbs are indicated by ‘s’ and weak verbs by ‘w’ in the following lessons.
Medials are ‘joining sounds’

Other Medials are also needed for other tenses. (See below, past tense).
23
Adi’s Book.
Past Tense Medials.
Weak Verbs.
2!$J013K come #1&$J(0K run
8#$J0K go 8"+&$J(0K speak
=901&2!$J013K bring 7)1&$J(0K close, cover
=901&8#$J0K take away 63)0B&$J(0K sleep
sei (dh) do 2"C*+*($J13K work
**&63&$J(0K write =!66&$J(0K show
Strong Verbs.
padi (thth) study nada (ndh) walk
kudi (thth) drink =!7($J6363K show
2!+($J6363K read thira (ndh) open
edu, yedu (thth) take vai (thth) place, put, keep
8!>$J6363K see, look at, look after, take care of
nil (ndh)* stand TJU>>*B&C/>.$0(C$V063"0$W$0(063"0#$X$,C-$(+$1>988*1#K
-------------------------
Vocabulary
+(=>/7! quickly +(=>/7 soon
2"3/7! fast 7*13&2! slowly, gently
marapadiyum again 2"C* work (n)
ippo now appo then, at that time
padam picture apram afterwards
+/>(:! exactly, well ipdi this way, thus
+/1313/7! loudly, aloud apdi that way
epdi how, which way 0/CC/.$0/CC! well (adv.)
8/%%(=)1/7 school thirumba again
kadidham letter thirumba-thirumba repeatedly
-------------------------
24
Adi’s Book.
Short Sentences
4#$$(13&$=!66&0B/.$/13&$=!66!13(0B/# Show this, don’t show that.
;#$$8!C$=&1(0B/.$63/$$($=&1(==!13(0B/# Drink milk, do not drink water.
@#$$(0B*$2!.$/0B*$8#3/13*# Come here, don’t go there.
D#$$2*%(:*$8#.$&%%*$2/>!13*# Go out, don’t come in.
!#$$63/7?(.$8/%%(=)1/7$8##$$+(=>/7$8## Little brother, go to school. Go soon.
F#$$7*13&2!$2/(0B/#$$/0B*$2/(0B/# Place it gently. Put it there.
Y#$$(013/$8/1/7$8!>==!13(0B/#$ Don’t look at this picture.
Z#$$/013/$8!1/7$8/1(==!13(0B/# Don’t study that lesson.
9. adhu thirumba padinga. Read that again.
4"#$+/1313/7!$8/1(0B/# Read loudly.
44#$0/CC!$8/1(0B/#$ Read well.
4;#$2*3/7!$8/1(==!13(0B/#$ Don’t read fast.
4@#$(889$2"C*$+*(:!13(0B/.$/8>/7$+*(0B/#$ Don’t work now, work afterwards.
4D#$(013/$2"C*$0/CC!$+*(0B/# Do this work well.
4!#$(81($+*(0B/.$/81($+*(:!13(0B/#$ Do (it) this way, don’t do (it)that way.
4F#$P/00/C$7)1!13(0B/# Don’t close (the) window.
4Y#$=/13/2&$63(>/==!13(0B/# Don’t open (the) door.
4Z#$/13&$*1&0B/#$$(13&$*1&==!13(0B/# Take that. Don’t take this.
4[#$8/1/7$8/>==!13(0B/#$$8!1/7$8/1(0B/#$ Don’t look at (the) picture. Read (the) lesson.
;"#$(889$/0B*$8#3!13*# Don’t go there now.
;4#$2*3/7!$0/1/==!13(0B/# Do not walk fast.
;;#$>97?/$7*13&2!$0/1/01B/# Walk very slowly.
;@#$(889$(0B*$0(==!13*#T$ Don’t stand here now.*
JT0(C$V$=!13*$W$0(==!13*#$X$,C-$(+$1>988*1#K
-------------------------
25
Adi’s Book.
T: Teacher. S: Younger student
A#$63/7?(.$(0B*$63)0B!13*#
Don’t (go to) sleep here, young fellow.
S. ennanga? (-nga = plural ending, denotes respect.)
What? (Pardon, madam)?
A#$(889$8/1(.$/8>/7$8"+&#
Study now, talk later.
%#$*013/$8!1/7L$$8*>(:/$8&+63/3/7$(0B"$(CC*#
Which lesson? (There is) no big book here.
A#$/0B*$8&+63/3/7$(>&==&13&#$$8!1/7$"*&.$7*13&2!.$+/1313/7!$2!+(#
There is a book.. Read lesson 7 slowly (and) loudly.
%#$63(>&7?/$63(>&7?/$+9CC!13(0B/#$$0/0$0/CC/$8/(:/0#
Don’t say (that) again and again. I’m (a) good boy.
A#$/81(:!L$$+/>(.$(889$8/1(#
Is that so? All right, now read.
S. saringa.
All right madam.
----------------------
Expansion Drill For Lessons 5, 6, 7.
63/7(*$8/1(0B/ 63/7(*$8!1/7$8/1(0B/
63/7(*$8!1/7$0/CC/$8/1(0B/ 63/7(*$8!1/7$2!+(0B/
63/7(*$8!1/7$2"3/7!$2!+(0B/ ingeyum angeyum v!+(==!13(0B/
*CC/7$2!+(0B/ 8!1/7$:*CC!7$2!+(0B/
>97?/$7*13&2!$2!+(==!13(0B/
\96*]$$U0+*>6$,*>&63&-$9>$,8"+&-$9>$,+9CC&-$(0+6*/1$9'$,8/1(-$/01$,2!+(-$(0$63*$/?92*#
----------------------
/2%/2&$**&13!13(0B/ /81($**&13!13(0B/#
/0B*$**&13!13(0B/# elC!7$**&13!13(0B/#
(889$2"C*$+*(0B/# (889$&0B/$2"C*$+*(0B/#
26
Adi’s Book.
(889$^$&0B/$2"C*$*CC!7$^$+*(0B/# (889$^$/0B*$2"C*$0/CC/$+*(0B/#
(889$^$&0B/$2"C*$^$2"3/7!$+*(0B/# (889$^$/0B*$2"C*$^$+/>(:!$+*(0B/#
/8>/7$^$8*>(:/$2"C*$^$+*(0B/# /8>/7$^$/013/$2"C*$^$+*(:!dhinga.
7/>&8/1(:/7$^$/013/$2"C*$^$+*(:!13(0B/#
(13&$^$7"+*:&7(CC*$^$0!==!C(:&7(CC*# (13&$^$+!2(:&7(CC*$^=/6363(:&7(CC*#
(13&$^$8!C&7(CC*$^$63/$$(:&7(CC*# 0/7&7(CC*$^$0(0B/%&7(CC*#
8*0!2&7(CC*$^$8*0H(C&7(CC*# ipdiyumille / apdiyumille.
Note: Verbs (positive and negative) are to be drilled the same way as shown above.
Nouns, adjectives and adverbs are also to be drilled in the same pattern.
----------------------
8!C$(0B*$=901&2!0B/# 8!C&7$8/*/7&7$(0B*$=901&2!0B/#
=/6363($=901&2!0B/# (889$63/$$($=901&2!0B/#
(889$0/CC!$63/$$($=901&2!0B/# (889$/2%/2&$63/$$($=91&2/>!13(0B/#
=*66/$63/$$($=901&2/>!13(0B/#
=*66/$63/$$($7/>&8/1(:&7$=901&2/>!13(0B/#
----------------------
7*13&2!$0/1/==!13(0B/.$#1&0B/# 2"3/7!$#1&0B/.$>97?/$2"3/7!$#1&0B/#
7/>&8/1(&7$#1&0B/# 63(>&7?/$63(>&7?/$#1&0B/#
(8/1(:&7$/8/1(:&7$#1!13(0B/# +/>(:!$#1&0B/#
/2%/2&$7*13&2!$#1!13(0B/# (2%/2&$2"3/7!$#1&0B/
9>&$=/1(13/7$**&63&0B/# (063/$=/1(13/7$**&63&0B/#
&0B/$8!1/7$**&63&0B/# (0B*:&7$/0B*:&7$**&63&0B/
>97?/$0/CC/$**&63&0B/# 8!1/7$*CC!7$**&63&0B/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 8.
NOUNS,&$_ER`U\I$Aab$<cdRNc#
Nouns, Singular plus ‘nga’ = Plural
7"+*. table 7"+*0B/. tables
0!==!C(. chair 0!==!C(0B/. Chairs
Note: Singular nouns ending in ‘m’ drop the final ‘m’ before adding ‘nga’.
maram, tree maranga, trees
pusthaham, book pusthahanga, books
--------------------------
Vocabulary
2!>6363* word 8!66& song
pudhu, pudhiya new 8/*/:/ old (things)
/0"3/ many vayasu age (persons).
sila some, a few. pala several
+!88(1& eat 2(%/:!1& play
8!1& sing padu lie down
anuppu send =)88(1& call
(13# here it is /13# there it is
Short Sentences
4#$(013/$8&13(:/$8/(:/0$:!>L Who is this new boy?
;#$8/*/:/$8/(:/0$:*0B*L Where is the old (former) boy?
@#$63/7?(.$(0B*$2!#$$/0B*$#1&# Little brother, come here. Run there.
D#$2"3/7!$#1&# Run fast.
!#$(889$8&13&$63/$$(.$=901&2!# Now bring new water
F#$/889.$8/*/:/$63/$$(.$=901&2!>/13"#$ Then, do not bring old water.
Y#$(013/$8!66&$8!1&# Sing this song.
Z#$(013/$0/CC/$8!66&$8!1& Sing this good song.
[#$=*66/$8!66&$8!1!13(0B/# Don’t sing (the) bad song.
4"#$(81($8!1!13(0B/# Don’t sing like this.
28
Adi’s Book.
44#$/0B*$2(%/:!1&0B/ Play there
4;#$(0B*$2(%/:!1!13(0B/ Don’t play here.
4@#$(13&$0/CC/$8/*/7.$>97?/$0/CC!$8/*/7#$$+!88(1&0B/#
This is good fruit, very good fruit. Eat (please).
4D#$/81($0/1/==!13(0B/#$$+(=>/7$0/1/0B/# Don’t walk like that. Walk fast.
4!#$+(C/$8&13&$8&+63/3/0B/$=901&2!0B/# Bring some new books.
4F#$8/*/:/$8&+63/3/7$(0B*$2/(==!13*.$$=901&8#
Don’t leave (the) old book here, take it away.
4Y#$(0B*$+(C/$0!==!C(0B/$/0&88&0B/# Send a few chairs here.
18. pala nalla pusthahanga ange ille. Several good books are not there.
4[#$(0B*$=)88(1!13*.$/0B*$=)88(1&# Don’t call here, call there.
;"#$/0B*$8/1&==!13*.$(0B*$8/1&#$ Don’t lie down there, lie here.
21. ipdi sei. inge sei. apdi ille! Do (it) like this. Do (it) here. Not like that!
;;#$/013/$H3(00/$8/(:/0$(889$(0B*$=)88(1&# Call that small boy here now.
A: Any Person. E: New Employee.
N#$$0($(0B*$8&63&$8/(:/0.$(CC*:!L You (are a) new boy here, aren’t you?
b#$$!7!.$(88#$0!0$8&63&$8/(:/013!0# Yes, I (am) a new boy only.
N#$$8/*/:/$8/(:/0$:*0B*L Where (is the) old (former) boy?
b#$$/2/0$(88#$(0B*$(CC*# He (is) not here now.
N#$$+(C/$6/7(*$2!>6363*0B/$+9CC&88!#$$(0BC(+3$8"+!13*#
Speak some Tamil words. Don’t speak English.
E. inge romba sadhdham. antha chinna paiyanga kuppidunga.
Here (it’s) very noisy. Call those small boys (please)
N#$$0(0B/$&%%*$2(C/:!1!13(0B/.$2*%(:*$2(C/:!1&0B/#
Don’t play inside, play outside, (please).
E. romba nandri. Many thanks.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 9.
NOUNS AND PERSONAL PRONOUNS,
ACCUSATIVE (OBJECTIVE) CASE.
To form the accusatives of nouns, the ending ‘e’ is suffixed to the nominatives.
Nom. Avan$8/(:/013!0# He is only a boy.
Acc. Avane kuppidunga. Call him.
or, where the noun has a final vowel, ‘ye’ is suffixed,

Nom. Indha 7"+* nalla ille. This table (is) not good.
Acc. Andha 7"+*:*$=901&2!0B/# Bring that table.
When the object is unspecified neuter, the accusative case ending is generally omitted.
Nouns ending in ‘m’, ‘ru’, or ‘du’ are exceptions.

‘m’ and ‘ru’ change to ‘thu’. ‘du’ changes to ‘ttu’.
Noun Declensional Base* Accusative
pusthaham pusthahathu pusthahathe
7!1& 7!66& 7!66*
!>u !63& !6363*
*Declensional Bases also serve as possessive adjectives or as bases of compound nouns.

=/(S2"C* the work of the hand (handicraft)
7/>/6363&S8/*/7 the fruit of the tree.
--------------------------
30
Adi’s Book.
Pronouns
Pronoun Declensional Base* Accusative
0!0 I en enne me
0!7 we (incl) 0!7 namme us
0!0B/ we (excl) *0B/% *0B/%* us
0( you un unne you (sing)
0(0B/ you &0B/% &0B/%* you (pl)
avan he avan avane him
avar he or she (polite) avar avare him or her
ava she (impolite) ava /2/%* her
adhu it adhu adhe it
adhunga they (things) /13&0B/% /13&0B/%* them
avanga they (persons) /2/0B/% /2/0B/%* them
Vocabulary
!1& sheep 7!1& bullock, (ox)
pasu cow maram tree
2(1& house !+8/63>( hospital
63#66/7 garden 2!1/3* rent
!>& river =($/>& well
sadhdham noise kayiru string
+!13/7 cooked rice arisi uncooked rice
nel paddy (rice from or in the field).
8"> name, person =)1/ also
mundhi early pindhi late
($$/==( today 0!%/==( tomorrow
0!%/$$/==( the day after tomorrow 0"6363& yesterday
vettu (w. in) cut (with an axe) kadi (s. thth) bite
adi (s.thth) strike, hit kuli (s.thth) bathe
mara (s.ndh) forget 7/>/063&$8#$JG#0K forget
="C$J+#66K ask /$$/=( that day
31
Adi’s Book.
Some parts of the body.

thale head muham face
7)==& nose =/$ eye
=!63& ear 2!( mouth
0!==& tongue pal tooth
kai hand =!C leg
7!> chest vayiru stomach
-------------------------
Short Sentences
4#$*00*$=)88(1/13(0B/# Don’t call me.
;#$/2/>*$=)88(1&0B/# Call him.
@#$(013/$2(66*$8!>&0B/# Look at this house.
4. epdi irukkuthu? athu yepdi? How is it? How is it?
!#$!66*:&7$7!66*:&7$/1(==!13(0B/# Don’t beat the goat and the bullock.
6. andha kayiththe yedunga. Take that string.
Y#$63/$$(*$=&1(0B/# Drink (the) Water.
Z#$+!11/6363*$+(=>/7$+!88(1&0B/# Eat (the) rice quickly.
[#$(13&$0/CC/$7/>/7!L Is this a good tree?
4"#$/889$(013/$7/>/7$2*66!13(0B/# Then don’t cut this tree.
44#$8*>(:/$!+8/63>(:*$8!>&0B/# Look at (the) big hospital
4;#$0!%/==($=90P/7$7&013($2!0B/# Come a little early tomorrow.
4@#$>97?/$8(013($2/>!13(0B/# Don’t come very late.
4D#$($$/=($(013/$2"C*:*$+*:!13(0B/# Don’t do this work today.
4!#$(889$(CC*.$/8>/7$=&%(0B/# Not now, bathe afterwards.
4F#$(0B*$=&%(==!13(0B/# Don’t bathe here.
4Y#$/0B*$0!%/==($8#0B/# Go there tomorrow.
4Z#$0!%/$$/==($8#3/13(0B/# Don’t go the day after tomorrow.
4[#$(13*$7/>/013&$8#3/13(0B/# Don’t forget this.
;"#$(013/$8!1/6363*$7/>/==!13(0B/# Don’t forget this lesson.
32
Adi’s Book.
;4#$8*0H(CC*$/81($=/1(==!13(0B/# Don’t bite the pencile like that.
;;#$!6363&$63/$$($0/CC!$63/$$(# (The) river water is good water.
;@#$&0B/$=/(:&7$=!C&7$=!66&0B/# Show your hands and feet.
;D#$(13&$:!>$8">L$$(13&$0/CC/$8"># Whose name is this? This is a good name.
;!#$0(0B/$/88!$=&1*:*$=901&8#0B/# You take father(’s) umbrella.
;F#$*0$=/00*$=90P/7$8!>&0B/# Just look at my eye.
;Y#$19H69>.$(13&$=*66/$8/C!L Doctor, is this a bad tooth?
-------------------------
T: Tenant L: Landlord.
A#$$(13&$:!>$2(1&L$$&0B/$2(1!L Whose house is this? Your house?
c#$$!7!0B/#$$:*00/$2"0&7L Yes. What do you want?
A#$$(013/$2(1&$2"0&7#$$2/1/3*$*2%/2&L (I) want this house. How much (is the) rent?
L. vadahe apram. Rent (can be discussed) later.
A#$$(0B*$63#66/7$(CC*:!L Is there no garden here?
=($/>&$:*0B*L Where is the well?
c#$$2/0B/.$=($/>&7$63#66/7$8!>==/$2!0B/#
Come (along), come and see the garden and the well
T. eththane arenga irukkathu? How many rooms are there.
c#$$7)0&$H3(00/$/>*0B/.$>*$1&$8*>(:/$/>*0B/$(>&==&63&#
There are three small rooms and two big rooms.
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33
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 10.
NOUNS AND PERSONAL PRONOUNS
GENITIVE (POSSESSIVE) CASE.
There are two genitive forms.
For Pronouns:-
In the first, some pronouns have their own possessive case form.
others do not change, as seen below.
In the second, the addition of ‘udeya’ reinforces the possessive.
0!0 *0$7"+* *0&1*:/$7"+* my table
0!0B/ *0B/$7"+* *0B/%&1*:/$7"+* our table
avan /2/0$7"+*.$ /2/0&1*:/$7"+* his table
avanga /2/0B/$7"+*.$ /2/0B/%&1*:/$7"+* their table
For Nouns:-
8900/77!$=/( 8900/77!2&1*:/$=/( <900/77!-+$'/H*#
maram ile marathudeya ile the tree’s leaf
Pronoun Possessive
0!0 I en enudeya my
0!7 we nam namudeya our (incl)
0!0B/ we enga *0B/%&1*:/ our (excl)
0( you un unudeya your (sing)
0(0B/ you unga &0B/%&1*:/ your (pl)
avan he avan avanudeya his
ava she ava /2/%&1*:/ her
avar he or she avar avarudeya his or her
avanga they (persons) avanga /2/0B/%&1*:/ their
adhu it adhan adhanudeya its
adhunga they (things) adhunga /13&0B/%&1*:/ their
Animate Nouns also use ‘idam’ or ‘idathle’ to express ‘in posession of’.
See Lesson 28, page 102.
-------------------------
34
Adi’s Book.
Short Sentences
4#$/13&$&0$=/(#$$(13&$:*0$=/(#$$(13&$:!>$=/(L
That is your hand. This is my hand. Whose hand is this?
;#$&0B/$8/1/7$*0B*L$$(13&$/2/0B/$8&+63/3/7.$(CC*:!L
Where is your picture? This is their book is it not?
@#$/2/>&1*:/$8/1/7$=!66!13(0B/#$$0/7&1*:/$8&+63/3/7$*0B*L
Don’t show his picture. Where is our book
D#$(013/$=)1*$:!>$=)1*L$$(013/$=)1*$/2/0&1*:/$=)1*$(CC*#
Whose basket is this? This basket is not his basket.
!#$*13&$&0B/%&1*:/$7"+*L$$(13&$&0B/$7"+*#
Which is your table? This is your table.
F#$2!:*$63(>/#$$&0$2!:*$0/CC!$63(>/#$$0!==*$=!66&#
Open (Your) mouth. Open your mouth well.(wide). Show (your) tongue.
Y#$0/7$8/(:/0$8/%%(=)1/7$*13&L
Which is our boy’s school?
Z#$(13&$:!>$!+8/63>(L$$(13&$:*0B/$!+8/63>(#
Whose hospital is this? This is our hospital.
[#$/13&$:*2/>$2(1&.$/2/>&1*:/$2(1!.$(2/>&1*:/$2(1!L
Whose house is that, that person’s house, or this person’s house.
4"#$*00*$8!>==!13(0B/#$$8/1/6363*$2!+(0B/#$$+/>(:!$2!+(0B/#
Don’t look at me. Read the lesson. Read it well.
44#$*0&1*:/$63/C*$H3(00/$63/C*#$$/2/0&1*:/$7)==&$8*>(:/63&#
My head is a small head. His nose is a big one.
4;#$&0B/%&1*:/$8">$:*00/L$$/13/0$8">$:*00/L
What is your name. What is its name.(what is it called).
4@#$*0$8">$P930#$$/13/0$8">$697# My name is John. Its name is Tom.
4D#$7"P*$7"C*$*0$8"0!$(>&==&63!L Is my pen on the table?
4!#$/13/0$+!2($(0B*$(CC*# Its key is not here.
-------------------------
35
Adi’s Book.
G: Gardener E: Employer.
I#$2!0B/(/3.$63#66/6363*$8!>&0B/# Come sir, look at the garden.
b#$(13&$>97?/$0/CC/$63#66/7# This is a very good garden.
inge yeththane maranga irukkuthu? How many trees are here?
I#$(0B*$8/63&$7/>/0B/13!0$(>&==&63&# There are only ten trees here.
E. adhu enna sedi? What (kind of) plant is that?
I#$/13&$9>&$8)$+*1(# That is a flower(ing) plant.
b#$/013/$8)H3*1($(0B*$2/(==!13(0B/# Don’t put that flowering plant here.
G. saringa. All right.
Expansion Drill For Lessons 8,9,10.
Genitive(Possessive)
(13&$*0$2(1& . (13&$&0B/%&1*:/$2(1&#
(13&$:!>$2(1&L (13&$/2/0B/$2(1&#
(13&$0/7$2(1&$(CC*# (13&$:*0B/%&1*:/$2(1&$(CC*#
63/7?(.$(13&$&0$2(1!L id3&$/2/>$2(1&.$(CC*:!L
(13&$/2/>&1*:/$2(1&13!0 . H3(00/$!1&$/77!$*0B*L
/13/0&1*:/$/77!$(0B*$(CC*# /13/0$/77!$2*%(:"$(>&==&63&#
Accusative(Object)
*00*$8!>&0B/# *0$2(66*$8!>&0B/#
*0&1*:/$8&+63/6363*$8!>&0B/# *0$8&+63/3/0B/C*$8!>&0B/#
*0$8*$$*$8!>&0B/# *0$8/(:/0*$8!>&0B/#
*0B/$7/>/6363*$2*66!63(0B/# *0B/$8/*/6363*$+!8(1&0B/#
*0B/$)>T$!6363*$8!>&0B/#JT2(CC/B*K# *0B/$!66*$=)8(1&0B/#
:*0B/$7!66*$=!66&0B/# 63/7?(.$&0$8!1/6363*$2!+(#
63/0B/H3H3(.$&0$7&3/6363*$=!66&# +!13/6363*$+(=>/7$+!8(1&#
7!66*$/1(e$!66*$/1(==!13*# &0$=/(:*$=!66&#
&0$=/$$*$7&1&# idhu en petti
indha paiyan yen thambi. ivan enudeya thambi.
(013/$8*$$*0$63/0B/H3H3(# iva yenudeya thangachchi.
36
Adi’s Book.
Verbs, Positive and Negative.
0(0B/$!+8/63>($8#0B/# 0!%/==($(0B*$2!0B/#
0/%/$$/==($2/>!13(0B/# (13*$7/>/013&$8#3!13(0B/#
0(0B/$7&013($=&%(0B/# 0(0B/$/8>/7$=&%(0B/#
+(=>/7$=(**$8#0B/# (889$7"C*$8#3!13(0B/#
/2/>$8">$:*00/L /2/>$8">*$="%&0B/#
&0B/$8">*$+9CC&0B/# /2/>$8">$P9+*83!L
&0B/$=!C*$=!66!13(0B/# &0B/%&1*:/$2!:*$0/CC/$63(>&0B/#
&0B/$0!==*$+/>(:!$=!66&0B/# 7/>&8/1(:&7$7"C*$8#0B/#
/0B*$(013/$19H69>*$8!>&0B/# (0B*$2(%/:!1!13(0B/.$2*%(:"$#1&0B/#
/0B*$:*CC!>&7$8!66&$8!1&0B/# ‘tome’ inge anuppunga.
(013/$=/1(13/6363*$0!%/==($/0&88&0B/# 7/>/6363&$=(**$8/1&==!13(0B/#
7"+*$7"C*$8/1&0B/# (13&$:!>&1*:/$8*66(L
(013/$/77!$&0B/$/77!#$J&0B/77!K (2/>$&0B/%&1*:/$/77!#
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37
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 11.
REVIEW (REVISION) No 1.
The translation is not given, -read the sentences and understand them.
This is a test of your progress.
4#$/(:!$2!0B/.$2/$/==/7#$$&%%*$2!0B/#$&==!>&0B/#$$/0B*$&==!>&0B/#$$(0B*$&==!>&0B/#
;#$/77!$8#0B/#$/0B*$8#0B/#$$+(=>/7$8#0B/#$$/81($8#0B/#$$(889$8#0B/#$$/8>/7$8#0B/#
@#$(13&$:!>L$$(2/0$:!>L$$(2/$:!>L$$(013/$8/(:/0$:!>L$$(013/$8*$$:!>L$$(013/77!$:!>L
D#$(2/0$*0$63/7?(#$$/2/$*0$63/0B/H3H3(#$$(013/$8/(:/0$*0$63/7?(#$$(013/77!$*0$/77!#
(013/$8*$$*0&1*:/$63/0B/H3H3(#$$(2/>$*0$/88!#$$/2/>$*0B/77!#$$(2/>$*0B/88!#
!#$0(0B/$+&3/7!L$$0!0$+&3/713!0#$$/77!$+&3/7!L$$/77!$>97?/$+&3/7#
/(:!$+&3/7(CC*:!L$$!7!.$/(:!$+&3/7(CC*#$$/(:!2&7$/77!2&7$+&3/7!L
0(0B/$*CC!>&7$J0(0B*CC!>&7K$+&3/7!L$$0!0B/$*CC!7$J0!0B*CC!7K$+&3/713!0#
F#$(13&$*00/L$$(13*00/L$$(13&$8&+63/3/7!L$$!7!.$(13&$8&+63/3/713!0#$$(13&$:!>
8&+63/3/7.$&0B/$8&+63/3/7!L$$/13&$*0$8&+63/3/7#$$(013/$8&+63/3/7$:!>$8&+63/3/7L
(013/$8&+63/3/7$/2/>$8&+63/3/7#$$7"P*$7"C*$0/CC/$8&+63/3/7$(>&==&13&#$$=901&2!0B/#
8/1(0B/#$$0/CC/$8/1(0B/#$+/1313/7!$8/1(0B/#$9>&$8!1/7$8/1(0B/#$*CC!7$8/1(==!13(0B/#
Y#$(13&$&0B/$/>*:!L$$(13&$H3(00/$/>*#$$(13&$>97?/$H3(00/$/>*.$(CC*:!L$$&0B/$/>*$:*0B*L
*0B*$&0B/$/>*L$$/13&2!.$(13&2!L$$(0B*:!.$/0B*:!L$$P/00/C*$7)1&0B/#$$=/13/2*
63(>/0B/#$$=90P/7!$63(>/==!13(0B/#$$P!+63($7)1!13(0B/#$$=90P/7$7)1&0B/#$$0/CC/
63(>/0B/#$$*0$8*66(:*$(0B*$2/(0B/#$$2*C(:"$2/(==!13(0B/#$$(13/0$+!2($=901&2!0B/#
Z#$(13&$!+8/63>(.$8"+!13(0B/#$$+/1313/7!$8"+!13(0B/#$$P/+63($+/1313/7$+*(:!13(0B/#
/0B*$8#0B/#$$/81($8#0B/#$$>97?/$7*13&2!$8"+&0B/#$$/2%/2&$+/1313/7!$8"+!13*#
[#$0/01>(#$$8#(6&2/>"0#$$/8>/7$2!0B/#$$8#(2!0B/#$$63(>&7?/$2!0B/#$$8#(6&2!0B/#
7/>&8/1(:&7$2!0B/#$$0!%/==($/0B*$2!0B/#$$63(>&7?/$63(>&7?/$2!0B/#$$0(0B/C&7
/77!2&7$2!0B/#$$0!%/$$/==($2/>!13(0B/#
4"#$(0B*$*6363/0*$0!==!C(0B/$(>&==&63&L$$7)$&$0!==!C($(>&==&63&#$$0!C&$0!==!C(.
(CC*:!#$$9$$&$(0B*$2/(0B/.$>*01&$/0B*$=901&8#0B/#$$7"+*:&7$0!==!C(:&7
=901&8#0B/#$$(0B*$7"+*:&7(CC*.$0!==!C(:&7(CC*#$$(0B*$8"0!$(>&==&13!L$$(CC*.$(0B*
8"0!2&7(CC*.$8*0H(C&7(CC*#$$(13&$8/*/:/$7"+*#$$(0B*$+(C/$0!==!C(:&7$/0B*$/0"3/
0!==!C(:&7$(>&==&13&0B/#$/2/0B/%&1*:/$0!==!C($:*0B*#
38
Adi’s Book.
N]$/==!$J*C1*>$+(+6*>K$$$$$$$$A]$63/0B/H3H3($Jf9&0B*>$+(+6*>K#
N#$2(7/C!.$+!88!1&$2"$&7#$$+(=>/7$=901&2/#
Vimala, I want food. Bring (it) quickly.
A#$/==!.$+!88!1&$(889$2"$&7!L
Sister , do you want food now?
N#$!7!.$=&1(==/$63/$$($=)1/$2"$&7#
Yes, (I) want drinking water also.
A#$(13#.$+!88!1&7$63/$$(:&7#$7*13&2!$+!88(1/==!#
Here are food and water. Eat slowly sister.
N#$63/0B/H3H3(.$/8>/7$+(C/$8/*/0B/$=901&2/#$$0($=)1/.$=90P/7$8!C$=&1(#
Sister, bring some fruit later on. You also, drink some milk.
A#$P!+63($8!C$=91&==!13(0B/# Don’t give (me) too much milk.
N#$(2%/2&$8!C$=&1(.$+/>(:!L Drink this much milk, alright?
A#$+/>(/==!#$$/2%/2&13!0# Alright sister. That much only.
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39
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 12.
VERBS &$U\_U\UAU5b%#
Infinitives
These are formed by adding ‘a’ and ‘ka’to the roots of weak and strong verbs respectively.
solla (w) to say or tell. nadakka (s) to walk
2!$/01$=901&2!$/>*$*)H*86(90+.
vara to come konduvara to bring
Vocabulary.
8)0* cat 0!( dog
pasu cow idam place, space
6( tea =!8( coffee
chakkare sugar 2*$$* butter
uppu salt vellam jaggary
+!88!1& meal rotti bread
2!*/8/*/7 plantain (banana)
7(66!( sweets kade shop
sedi (a) plant
+&1/$63/$$( hot water
8/H3H3*$63/$$( cold water, raw water, (uncooked, unboiled)
63/:!>$+*($J13K prepare 63/:!> readiness

63/:!>!(>u be ready
"0.$:"0 why nalladhu (it is) good

-------------------------
40
Adi’s Book.
Short Sentences
4#$+/88!1&$63/:!>.$+!88(1/$2!0B/# The meal (is) ready, come to eat.
2. avare konjam irukka sollunga. Tell him to wait a little.
@#$/2/0*$2*%(:*$0(==/$+9CC&0B/# Ask him to stand outside.
D#$/2/C*$8!C$=&1(==/$=)88(1&# Call her to drink milk.
!#$=/1*:*$8!>==/$8#0B/# Go to see (the) shop.
F#$>966(:&7$2*$$*:&7$=901&2!0B/# Bring (the) bread and butter.
Y#$H3/==/>*$=901&2/>/$8#0B/# Go to bring sugar.
Z#$(013/$2"C*$+*(:/$63/:!>!$(>&0B/# Be ready to do this work.
[#$2*%(:*$8#3/$0(0B/$63/:!>!L Are you ready to go out.
4"#$7(66!($(>&==&13!L Are there sweets?
44#$=90P/7$7(66!($=901&2/0B/# Bring some sweets.
4;#$=90P/7$=!8(:&7$=90P/7$6(:&7$63/:!>$+*(0B/#$$+(=>/7#
Prepare some tea and coffee. Quick.
4@#$(13&$8/1(==/$8*>(:/$8/1/7.$(CC*:!L This is a big lesson to study, is it not?
4D#$9>&$H3(00/$=/1(13/7$**&63/$2!0B/# Come to write a small letter.
4!#$*13&$+)1/$63/$$(.$*13&$8/H3H3*$63/$$(L
Which is hot water, which is cold water?
4F#$/13&$8/H3H3*$63/$$(:!L Is that cold water?
4Y#$/13&$8/+&.$0/CC!$8/+&.$8/+&2*$/1(==!13(0B/#
That is a cow, (a) good cow, do not beat the cow.
4Z#$(13&$=*66/$0!(# This is a bad dog.
4[#$=*66/$0!:*$0/CC!$/1(0B/# Beat the bad dog severely.
;"#$*0$8)0*$/0B*$(>&==&13&# My cat is there.
;4#$/13*$(0B*$=)88(1&0B/# Call that here.
;;#$7(66!($P!+63($+!88(1!13(0B/# Don’t eat much sweets.
;@#$(13&$0/CC/$+!88!1&# This is a good meal.
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41
Adi’s Book.
E: Elder Brother Y: Younger Brother.
b#$63/7?(.$8/1(==/$8## Little brother, go to study.
f#$+/>($/00!.$0(0B/$=&1/$2!0B/# Alright big brother, you come too.
b#$(13&$8/1(==/$0/CC/$8&+63/3/7!L Is this a good book to study?
f#!7!$/00!.$(13&$2!+(==/$0/CC/13&# Yes brother, this is good to read.
b#$*00*$8!>==/$/8>/7$2!# Come to see me afterwards.
f#$"0$(889$(CC*L Why not now?
b#$63/7?(.$63(>&7?/$63(>&7?/$8"+!13*# Brother, don’t keep on talking.
$$$$$&0$8!1/7$63/:!>$+*(:/$8## Go to prepare your lesson.
f#$+/>($/00!.$89(6&2/>"0# Alright brother, goodbye.
Expansion Drill For Lessons 11 & 12.
(13&$63)0B/$0/CC/$(1/7# 2*%(:*$0/1/==/$8#0B/#
(13&$&==!>/$0/CC/$(1/7# 8&+63/3/7$8/1(==/$8#0B/#
(13&$+!88(1/$0/CC/$(1/7# 8!1/7$="==/$8#0B/#
idhu padukka nalla idam. 8/1/7$8!>==/$8#0B/#
(13&$2"C*$+*(:/$0/CC/$(1/7# =/13/2&$63(>/==/$8#0B/#
(13&$=&%(==/$0/CC/$(1/7# /88!2*$=&88(1/$8#0B/#
idhu padikka nalla idam. naiye konduvara p#nga.
63/7?(.$2"C*$+*(:/$2!0B/# /2/>*$7*13&2!$8"+/$+9CC&0B/#
/77!.$63/7(*$8/1(==/$2!0B/# /2/>*$63/$$($=901&2/>/$+9CC&0B/#
/(:!.$63/7(*$8"+/$2!0B/# /2/0B/%*$=/1(13/7$**&63/$+9CC&0B/#
/>*$&%%*$63)0B/$2!0B/# /2/0B/%*$(13&$*CC!7$=901&8#3/$+9CC&0B/#
+!88!1&$+!88(1/$2!0B/# /2/0B/%*$(13&0B/$:*CC!7$:*1&==/$+9CC&0B/#
&0B/$63966/63*$=!7(==/$2!0B/# /013/77!2*$&==!>/$+9CC&0B/#
/2/0$2(66*$=!tta v!nga. andhaiy!ve irukka sollunga.
=&1(==/$63/$$($=901&8#0B/# +!88(1/$8!C&7$8/*/7&7$=901&2!0B/#
(889$0/CC!$63)0B/$8#0B/# /8>/7$A3/7(*$8/1(==/$2!0B/#
(13&$2/+(==/$0/CC/$8!1/7# /2/0B/$63#66/7&7$=($/>&7$8!>==/$2!0B/#
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42
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 13.
NOUNSAND PERSONAL PRONOUNS, DATIVE CASE &
VERBS, DEFECTIVE.
Nouns, followed by endings to form Dative Case meaning ‘to’ or ‘for’.
‘ukku’ to ,&==!3/- for
7"+* 7"+*==&$ to the table 7"+*==!3/$ for the table
Nouns ending in ‘m’, ‘du’ and ‘ru’ are exceptions.
‘m’ and ‘r’ change to ‘thu’. ‘du’ changes to ‘ttu’.
Noun Declensional base Declined form
maram marathu marathukku
2(1& 2(66& 2(66&==&
!>& !6363& !6363&==&
Pronouns, Dative Case:-$1*HC*0+(90/C$?/+*$8C&+$,&==&-$9>$,&==!3/-

Note: ‘ukku’ is commonly used for both ‘to’ and ‘for’ in North Tamil Nadu.
0!0 enakku to me 0!7$ namakku to us(incl.)
0!0B/ *0B/%&==& to us(excl.)
0( unakku to you 0(0B/ &0B/%&==& to you
avan avanukku to him ava /2/%&==& to her
avar avarukku to him/her avanga /2/0B/%&==& to them
adhu adhukku to it adhunga adhunga%&==& to them
Defective Verbs:-
The following are impersonal verbs. 2"$&7- is wanted
8#13&7 is enough puri to be clear 2(%/0B& to be clear.
theri know, see, understand, feel, appear pidi to be liked
They cannot be conjugated like regular verbs, excepting neuter present tense and past
tense and future tense.
A3*$+&?P*H6$J09&0$9>$8>909&0K$6/=*+$1/6(2*$H/+*.$J/+$(0$,*0/==&$2"$&7.$U$G/06K#
-------------------------
43
Adi’s Book.
Vocabulary
2*$&7 is wanted 2"$!7 is not wanted
8#13&7 is enough 8#13!13& is not enough
theriyum is known 63*>(:!13& is not known
pasi hunger dhayavuseidhu please
innum more, yet innum enna what else?
*CC! all (adj) *CC!7 all things
*CC!>&7 all persons
Short Sentences
4#$+/88(1/$*CC!>&7$63/:!>!L$$$2!0B/.$&==!>&0B/#
Is every one ready to eat? Come, sit.)
;#$&0B/%&==&$*00/$2"$&7L$$$/2/>&==&$=!88($8#13&7!L
What do you want? Is the coffee enough for him?
@#$/2/%&===&$8!C$2"0!7!L$$$&0B/%&==&$6($2"$&7!$=!88($2"$&7!L
Does she not want milk? Do you want tea or coffee?
D#$&0B/%&==&$(00&7$*00/$2"$&7L What else do you want?
!#$*00&==&$^$6($(00&7$2"$&7# I want more tea.
F#$(013/$6($8#13!13&.$(00&7$=90P/7$2"$&7#$$$=901&2!0B/#
This tea is not enough, (I) want a little more. Bring (it).
Y#$/2/0B/%&==&$(013/$6($8#13!13!L$$$(00&7$2"$&7!L
Is this tea not enough for them? Do they want more?
Z#$*0B/%&==&$>97?/$P!+63($2"$!7.$=90P/7$8#13&7#
We do not want too much, a little is enough.
[#$(013&$*00/.$&0B/%&==&$63*>(:&7!L$$$13/:/2&+*(13&$*00/==&$+9CC&0B/#
What is this, do you know? Please tell me.
4"#$*00/==&$+9CC&0B/.$/2/>&==&$+9CC!13(0B/#
Tell me, do not tell him.
44#$(013/$8!1/0B/$*CC!7$J8!1/0B*CC!7K$&0B/%&==&$63*>(:&7!L
Do you know (or) do you understand all these lessons?)
44
Adi’s Book.
12. enakku *CC!$8!1/0B/%umT$63*>(:!13&#
I do not know all the lessons.(* all without exception).
4@#$+(C/$8!1/713!0$63*>(:&7#$$$8/C/$8!1/7$63*>(:!13&#
I know only a few lessons. Several lessons I do not know.
4D#$*CC!>&==&7$(13&$63*>(:!13!L Does not everyone know this?
4!#$/2/>&==&$>97?/$+/1313/7!$+9CC&0B/# Speak to him very loudly.
M: Mother C: Child.
`#$+!88!1&$63/:!>!$(>&==&63&.$*CC!>&7$2!0B/#
Food is ready, come (along) everybody.
g#$/77!.$*0/==&$(889$+!88!1&$2"$!7#
Mother, I don’t want food now.
`#$:"0$2"$!7.$&00/==&$8/+($(CC*:!L
Why not, are you not hungry?
g#$!7!$/77!.$*00/==&$konjam kuda pasi ille.
Yes mother, I am not a bit hungry.
`#$&0/==&$2">&7$*00/$J2">*00/K$2"$&7L
What else do you want?
g#$*0/==&$=90P/713!0$+!63/7&7$63/$$(:&7$2"$&7#
I want only a little rice and water
`#$(2%/2&$8#13&7!.$(00&7$2"$&7!L
Is this enough or do you want (some) more.
g#$*0/==&$(13&$8#13&7# This is enough for me.
-------------------------
45
Adi’s Book.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 13.
(13&$:!>&==&$2"$&7L /13&$*00&==&$2"$!7
/13&$*0B/C&==&$2"$&7 *13&$&0B/C&==&$2"$&7L
(13&2&7$/13&2&7$0/7/==&$2"$&7 :*CC!7$0/7/==&$2"$!7#
-------------------------
(013/$8&+63/3/7$&0/==&$2"$&7!L (013/$8!1/7$*0B/C&==&$8#13&7#
(013/$0!==!C($/2/%&==&$2"$&7# (013/$+!88!1&$*0/==&$8#13!13&#
(013/$8)$&0B/$8*$$&==&$2"$!7!L (013/$8!C$8)0*==&$8#13&7!L
/013/$7"+*$8/(:/0&==&$2"$!7!L (013/$63/$$($0!(==&$8#63!63&#
(013/$63/$$($/2/0B/%&==&$2"$!7!L /013/$=!(13/7$/2/>&==&$8#13&7!L
-------------------------
&0B/%&==&$(013/$8!1/7$63*>(:&7!L *0/==&$(013/$8!1/7$+/>(:!$63*>(:!13&#
:*00/==&$(013/$8!1/7$0/CC!$63*>(:&7# *0B/C&==&7$(013/$8!1/7$63*>(:!13&#
&0B/%&==&$(2/>$63*>(:&7!L &0B/%&==&$(13&$(00&7$63*>(:&7!L
*0/==&$(2/>$+/>(:!$63*>(:!13&# &0B/%&==&$*00*$63*>(:!13!L
&0B/%&==&$/013/$/(:!$0/CC!$63*>(:&7!L /2/>&==&$8"+/$63*>(:!13!L
*00&==&$/063/(:!$>97?/$0/CC/$63*>(:&7# (2/>&==&$19H69>$63*>(:!13!L
&0B/%&==&$8!1/0B/$*CC!7$63*>(:&7!L 7!$/2/>&==&$2!13:!>*$63*>(:!13!L
*0/==&$8!1/0B/$*CC!7$=90P/7$63*>(:&7# /2/0B/C&==&$0!7$*CC!>&7$63*>(:!13&#
-------------------------
/(:!.$13/:/2&+*(13&$63/7(*$8"+&0B/# $*CC!>&==&7$2/$/==/7$+9CC&0B/#
/77!.$13/:/2&+*(13&$(0B*$8!1&0B/# $*CC!>&==&7$&0B/$8!1/7$=!66&0B/#
13/:/2&+*(13&$0!==!C($=901&2!0B/# $*CC!>*:&7$(0B*$2/>/$+9CC&0B/#
(889$13/:/2&+*(13&$+!88!1&$=901&2!0B/# $*CC!>*:&7$(0B*$=)88(1&0B/#
13/:/2&+*(13&$*CC!>*:&7$+!88(1/$=)88(1&# $(13&0B/$*CC!6363&==&$*2%/2&L
13/:/2&+*(13&$/2/>*$(13&$="C&0B/# $8*66(0B/$*CC!6363&==&7$8)66&0B/#
thambi, ‘dhayavuseidhu’ sollu. $+!7!0$*CC!6363*:&7$=!>&==&$=901&8##
thambi, ‘nandri’ kuda sollu. $8/*/0B/$*CC!6363*:&7$7"+*$7"C*$2/(0B/#
dhayavuseidhuvum nandriyum sollu. paiyangalukku pusthahanga kodunga.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
46
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 14.
VERBS, DEFECTIVE (CONTINUED).
Defective Verbs. (follow dative)
puriyuthu is clear, understood. puriyale is not clear, not understood.
2(%/0B&13& is clear, understood. 2(%/0B/C* is not clear, not understood.
Adverbs. (follow dative). (Adverbs are more fully covered in Lesson 17).
7&00!C* before, in front of, ago. 8(00!C* after, behind.
-------------------------
Vocabulary
sangadhi matter, news +/7/H3!>/7 matter, news
kashtam difficulty, problem vile price
2/*/$J/1PK plantain 2!*/8/*/7 plantain (fruit)
=)1/ also, even. -um also, even
2!0B&$JG#(0K buy vil (s.thth) sell
kodu (s.thth) give 63!$JG#013K give.
=/6363&==9%$JG#01K learn +9CC(==9%$JG#01K learn
kaththukkodu (s.thth) teach sollikkodu(s.thth) teach
kashtappadu (w.tt) worry, suffer. 8)66u (n) lock
-------------------------
Short Sentences.
4#$>!7/0.$*00/$+/7/H3H3!>/7.$0/CC/$+/7/H3H3!>/7!L
Raman, what news, is it good news.
;#$(CC*0B/#$(CC*$/(:!.$0/CC!$+/7/H3H3!>/7$(CC*# No, no sir, not good news.
@#$>!7/0&==&$(013/$=!(13/7$=91&0B/# Give this letter to Raman.
D#$(013/$=/1(13/6363*$+(=>/7$=901&8#0B/# Take this letter quickly.
!#$:/>$&0B/$63/7(*$2!13:!>L$$(2/>!$&0B/%&1*:/$2!13:!>L
Who is your Tamil teacher? Is he your teacher
F#$/(:!.$63/:/2&+*(63&$*0/==&$63/7(*$+9CC(=91&0B/# Sir, please teach me Tamil.
Y#$&0B/C&==&$*0$63/7(*$0/CC!$2(C/0B&63!L Is my Tamil very clear to you?
47
Adi’s Book.
Z#$*00/==&$P!+63($2(%/0B/C*.$=90P/713!0$2(%/0B/63&#
Not very clear to me, (I) only understand a little.
[#$/2/>&==&$63/7(*$0/CC!$8&>(:/13&.$&0B/%&==&$8&>(:/C*:!L
He understands Tamil well, do you not understand?
4"#$(013/$8)66&==&$+!2($(>&==&63!L$$(13&==&$+!2($*0B*L
Is there a key for this lock? Where is the key for this.
44#$*0$2(66&==&$8(00!C*$8*>(:/$2!*/7/>/7$(>&==&63&#
There is a big plantain tree behind my house.
4;#$*0/==&$8(00!C*$2/>!13(0B/.$*00/==&$7&00!C*$8#0B/#
Don’t come behind me, go in front of me.
4@#$7"P*==&$7&0!C*$0!==!C($(>&==&63&# The chair is in front of the table.
4D#$!+8/63>(==&$8(00!C*$9>&$63#66/7$(>&==&63&# There is a garden behind the hospital.
4!#$bCC/>&7$/0B*$2(%/:!1/$8#0B/#$$0($=&1/$8## Everyone go there to play. You go too.
4F#$/2/>&==&$8*66($2"$&7#$/2/>&==!3/$9>&$8*66($2!0B&0B/#
He wants a box. Buy a box for him.
4Y#$(13&$*00/==!3/$(CC*.$/2/>&==!3/# This is not for me, (it’s) for him.
4Z#$(13&$:!>&==!3/.$&0B/$63/7?(==!L For whom is this, your little brother?
4[#$&0B/$8*66(:*$8/63&$>)?!==&$2(==!13(0B/# Do not sell your box for ten rupees.
;"#$&0B/%ukku* pusthaham irukku63!L
Do you have a book.*(Dative ending = has, have).
;4#$:!>&==&$8&+63/3/7$(CC*L$$*CC!>&==&7$(>&==&63!L
Who has no book? (does) everybody have one?
;;#$&0B/%&==&$/>*$*0B*$(>&==&13&L Where is the room for you?
;@#$&0B/%&==&$*00/$=/+36/7LJ&0B/$=/+36/7$*00/LK What is your difficulty?
;D#$=/+36/88/1!13(0B/#$$(13&$8*>(:/$=/+36/7$(CC*#
Do not worry, this is not a big problem.
;!#$(889$0(0B/$+)3/7!L$$0/CC!$+!88(1&0B/# Are you well now? Eat well.
-------------------------
48
Adi’s Book.
Between friends, A and B.
N#$*00/$+/0B3/1($,8!L What news (friend, mate)
h#$:*CC!7$0/CC!$+/0B3/13(13!0# Everything is good (news).
N#$*00/==&$=90P/7$=/+36/7#$0!0$+)3/7(CC*# I have some trouble. I am not well.
h#$/81(:!L$$*00/$=/+36/7L Is that so? What trouble?
N#$*00/==&$>97?/$=/$$=/+36/7# I have a lot of eye trouble.
h#$+/>(.$+(=>/7$=/$$19H69>*$8!>&0B/# Alright, see an eye doctor quickly.
N#$8&>(:&13&.$19H69>$8">$*00/L I Understand, what is the doctor’s name?
h#$/2/>$8">$19H69>$>!7/0# His name is Doctor Raman.
*0/==&$8/*/7&7$8!C&7=)1/$2"$&7# /2/0&==&$>966(:&7$2*$$*:&7$8#13!13&#
(00&7$&88&$=901&2/>!13(0B/# 13/:/2&+*(13&$=90P/7$2*CC/7$=901&2!0B/#
7&00!C*$>966($=901&2!0B/# /8>/7$8/*/7$=901&2!0B/#
0(0B/$/2/>&==&$7&00!C*$&==!>&0B/# *CC!>&==&7$8(00!C*$&==!>!13(0B/#
*0$2(66&==&$7&00!C*:&7$8(00!C*:&7$7/>/0B/$(CC*#
/2/>$2(66&==&$8(00!C*$8*>(:/$63#66/7$(>&==&13&# *0B/%&==&$7&00!C*$0(==!13(0B/#
-------------------------
=/13/2*$0/CC!$8)66&0B/# /013/$8)66&==&$(013/$+!2($+/>(:!$(>&==&13!L
&0B/$8*66(==&$(013/$8)66&$8#1&0B/# 8)66&==!3/$=/1*==&$8#3!13(0B/#
(13&==!3/$=/+36/7$2"$!7# *CC!>&==&7$0/CC/13&$+*(0B/#
-------------------------
(13&$(0B*$:!>&==!3/$(>&==&13&L idhu yennakku, adhu unnakku.
/13&$*CC!>&==&7.$(CC*:!L /13*$&0B/%&==!3/13!0.$+!88(1&0B/#
idhukku yenna vile? (13&==&$:*2%/2&$2"$&7L
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
49
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 15.
CARDINAL NUMBERS 10 &$4""".$$N\i$AU`b#
8/13(09$$& 11 8/13(0!>& 16
8/00*$1& 12 pad3(0"*& 17
8/13(7)0& 13 padhinettu 18
8/13(0!C& 14 paththombadhu 19
padhinanju 15 irubadhu 20
paththu 10.
irubadhu 20 (>&0)>& 200
muppadhu 30 7&00)>& 300
0!88/13& 40 0!0)>& 400
ambadhu 50 /(0)>& 500
!>&?/13& 60 !>&0)>& 600
"*&?/13& 70 "*&0)>& 700
*$?/13& 80 *$$)>& 800
639$$)>& 90 639%%!:(>/7 900
0)>& 100 !:(>/7 1000
The Adjective form of ‘paththu’ is ‘baththu’, so we have:-
21 (>&?/6363&$9$$&
22 (>&?/6363&$>*$1&
78 yerubaththu ettu etc.
A3*$N1P*H6(2*$'9>7$9'$,0)>&-.$J4""K.$(+$,0)6363&-.$+9$G*$3/2*]S
101 0)6363&$9$$&
102 0)6363&$>*$1&
506 /(00)6363&$!>& etc.
A3*$N1P*H6(2*$'9>7$9'$,!:(>/7-.$J4"""K.$(+$,!:(>/6363&-.$+9$G*$3/2*]S
925 639CC!:(>/6363&$(>&baththanju
1567 !:(>/6363&$/(0)6363&$!>&?/6363&$J:K"*&
5439 /0P!:(>/6363&$0!0)6363&$7&88/6363J,&K$97?/63&
-------------------------
50
Adi’s Book.
Vocabulary
=!C/7*T.$=!C/(C*T.$=!C/7?/>*.$=!63!C* morning,
+!(0B!C/7T.$+!(013/>/7 evening, after 4pm.
pahal day time >!63>(T.$>!2& night
nadu mid, middle
naduppahal noon, midday 7/13:!0/7 afternoon
7/$(==& at…o’clock 7/$( bell, gong, hour, o’clock
+/013#+3/7 happiness
=&*/013* child 7!$/2/> student (incl schoolboys)
(m) (f)
63#66/==!>/0 63#66/=!>( gardener
2"C*==!>/0 2"C*=!>( worker, house servant
8!C=!>/0 8!C=!>( milk seller
-------------------------
Short Sentences.
4#$(889$7/$($*00/L What is the time now.
;#$(889$*00/$7/$(L What is the time now.
@#$(889$7/$($*2%/2&L What is the time now.
D#$(889$7/$($*6363/0*L What is the time now.
!#$(889$*66&$7/$(# Now it is 8 o’clock
F#$0(0B/$(0B*$*66&$7/$(==&$2!0B/# You come here at 8 o’clock.
Y#$8/00*$1&$7/$(==&$+!88(1/$8#0B/# Go to eat at 12 o’clock.
Z#$/13&==&$7&00!C*$8#3!1(0B/# Don’t go before that.
[#$&0B/$63#66/==!>/0*$(0B*$=)88(1&0B/# Call your gardener here.
4"#/8>/7$63#66/6363&==/$890B/#$U889$2"$!7#
Go to the garden afterwards. No need now.
44#$/2/0B/%&==&$2"C*=!>/0$(CC*:!L Do they not have a servant?
4;#$/2/0B/%&==&$(889$2"C*=!>/0$(CC*# They don’t have a servant now.
4@#$/013/$2"C*=!>/0&==&$(889$2"C*$(CC*# That servant has no work now.
51
Adi’s Book.
4D#$0($2(66&==&$8##$$0!%/==($=!C/7*$2!# you go home. Come tomorrow morning.
4!#$(00/=($+!(0B!C/7$/0P&$7/$(==&$2!0B/# Come at 5 o’clock this evening.
4F#$/2/>$2(66&==&$2"C*$+*(:/$8#0B/# Go to his house to work.
4Y#$>!63>($*66&$7/$(==&$*00*$8!>==/$2!0B/# Come to see me at 8 o’clock tonight.
4Z#$>/2&7$8/3/C&7$2"C*$+*(:!13(0B/#$ Do not work day and night.
4[#$8/3/C$=90P/7$>!63>($=90P/7$2"C*$+*(0B/# Do some work by day, and some by night.
;"#$(13&$>!63>(==&$2"$&7#$$(63&$>!63>($+!88!1&#
This is wanted for the night.This is night food.
;4#$($$/==($8/3/C$+!88!1&$>97?/$0/CC/$+!88!1&#
Today’s meal is a very good meal.
-------------------------
V: Visitor S: Village Schoolmaster.
5#$2/$/==/7$/(:!.$0(0B/13!0$(0B*$2!13:!>!L
Greetings sir, are you the teacher here?
%#$!7!$/(:!.$0!013/0$(0B*$2!13:!># Yes sir, I am the teacher here.
5#$(0B*$*6363/0*$=&*/013*0B/$8/1(=>!0B/L How many children are studying here?
%#$(0B*$/7?/63&$=&*/013*0B/$8/1(=>!0B/# Fifty children are studying here.
5#$*CC!>&7$0/CC!$8/1(=>/0B/C! Do they all study well?
%#$!7!0B/.$*CC!>&7$0/CC!$8/1(=>!0B/# Yes sir, they are all studying well.
5#$0/CC/13&#$$(13*$="==/$*0/==&$>97?/$+/013#+3/7#
That’s good. I am very happy to hear this.
-------------------------
52
Adi’s Book.
9>&$>)?!==&$0)>&$8/(+*#
(889$7/$($:*00/L$$0!C&.$(CC*:!L +/(0B!C/7$/0P&$7/$(==/$7&0$*00*$8!>&0B/
(CC*.$+!(0B!C/7$2/>!13(0B/# 7/13:!0/7$+/>(:!$7)0&$7/$(==&$2!0B/#
>!63>(==&$*00/$+!88!1&$2"$&7L ($$/==($=!C/7*$+!88!1&$0/CC/$+!88!1&#
(889$>!63>($(CC*.$8/3/C#$$63)0B!13*# 0!C&$7/$(==&$2"C*$+*(.$/8>/7$2(66&==&$8##
-------------------------
pathum pathum irubadhu. 0!88/13&7$(>&?/13&7$!>&?/13&#
ambadhum muppadhum enbadhu. **&?/13&7$!>&?/13&7$0)63&$7&88/13&#
(0B*$(>&?/63&S/0P&$8">$+!88(1&0B/# /013/$/>*==&$8/13(0*66&$8">$8#0B/#
0(0B/$8/63&$8">&7$(0B*$&==!>&0B/#
-------------------------
!+8/63>(==&$0!88/63&S7)0&$0!==!C($=901&8#0B/#
=(**$7&88/13&S97?/13&$8&+63/3/7$=901&2!0B/#
7"C*$8/13(0">&$8&+63/3/7$=901&2!0B/# (0B*$*66&$0!==!C($2/(0B/#
/13&0B/%&==&$7&00!C*$*66&$7"+*0B/$2/(0B/#
($$/==($*6363/0*$8">&==&$+!88!1&$2"$&7L
($$/==($(>&?/63&$8">&==&$8#13&7# 0!%/==($0!88/13&S900&$8">&==&$2*0&7#
-------------------------
9>&$,6&7?C*>-$8!C$+(=>/7$=901&2!0B/# ?(+=#6363&$*2%/2&$(>&==&13&L
8/13(0!C&$?(+=#6363&13!0$(>&==&13!#
0/7/==&$:*CC!7$8/$$*01&$2/*/8/*/7$8#13&7#
/2/0B/%&==&$8/636397?/13&$=/88&$=!88($/0&88&0B/#
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
53
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 16.
VERBS, PRESENT TENSE, POSITIVE.
Firstly, Memorise the following pronouns with the related verb endings,
For ‘weak’ verbs the singular is formed using a medial ‘r’ plus the verb ending,as
1*2*C98*1$3*>*$G(63$63*$2*>?$,8#-#
Singular Plural
0!0 8#>"0 0!7 8#>#7(excl.)
0!0B/ 8#>#7(incl.)
0( 8#>e 0(0B/ 8#>inga
avan 8#>!0
ava 8#>! avanga 8#>anga
avar 8#>!>
adhu 8#dhu* adhunga 8#dhunga*
*the medial ‘r’ is dropped for neuter singular and plural.
For ‘strong’ verbs the singular is formed using a medial ‘kr’ plus the verb ending,as
developed here with the verb ‘padi’.
Singular Plural
0!0 8/1(=>"n 0!7 padikr#7(excl.)
0!0B/ padikr#7(incl.)
0( padikre 0(0B/ padikringa
avan padikr!0
ava padikr! avanga padikranga
avar padikr!>
adhu padikkdhu* adhunga padikkdhunga*
*again, the medial ‘r’ is dropped for neuter singular and plural.
For the verb ‘2!-.$63*$,!-$+39>6*0+$69$,/-$(0$H90P&B/6(90.$63&+$'9>7(0B$,0!0$var"0-.

and similarly for kondu2!, becoming ‘nan konduvar"0-#
-------------------------
54
Adi’s Book.
Vocabulary
2!63& duck =#*( chicken
=&*/013* child kattadam building
=!(13/7.$=/1&13!+( letter, paper. idam place, space.
pai bag 8!( mat
sedi plant kodi vine, creeper
ile leaf 2!+/C gate
7)66* bundle mutte egg
63)==/7 sleep(n)
63)0B&JG#(0K sleep(v), lie down 8#1&$JG#66K throw, drop
=&%($J+#0K bathe (intr) =&%(8/66&$JG#(0K bathe (tr)
-------------------------
Short Sentences.
4#$2/0B/77/$.$2!0B/.$*0B*$8#>(0B/L Hello, madam, where are youn going?
;#$0/0$*0$2(66&==&$8#>"0#$$+/>(.$8#(2!0B/# I amgoing to my house. OK, goodbye.
@#$/2/>$*00/$=901&2/>!>L$$7&66*0B/$=901&2/>!>!L
What is he bringing? Is he bringing eggs?
D#$&0B/%&==&$:*00/$7&66*$2"$&7.$=#*($7&66*:!.2!63&$7&66*:!L
What eggs do you want, chicken eggs or duck eggs?
!#$(13&$0/CC/$8!(#$$U013/$8!:*$/0B*$8#1&0B/.
Thisis a good mat. Spread this mat there. (idiom).
F#$*0/==&$+(=>/7$+!88!1&$p#dunga.
Serve me food, quick! (idiom).
Y#$8!($7"C*$*00/$(>&==&63&.$9>&$8/(:!L$$8/(==&CC*$8/*/7$(>&==&63!L
What is on the mat, a.bag?. Are there fruits inside the bag.
Z#$8/063*$63#66/6363&==&$=901&8#0B/.$/0B*$2(%/:!1&#
Take the ball to the garden, play there.
[#$/2/0$(889$0/CC/$63)0B>!0#$$>!63>(13!0$/2/0&==&$63)==/7$(CC*#
He is sleeping well now. Only last night he had no sleep
55
Adi’s Book.
4"#$2*C*==!>/0$*0$=/1(13/7$=901&8#>/0# The servant is taking my letter.
44#$(0B*$=!3(13/7$"0$8#1>(0B/L$$=/1&13!+($(0B*$8#1!13(0B/#
Why are you throwing paper here? Don’t throw paper here.
12. dhayavuseidhu enakku oru kadidham p#dunga.
Please drop me a line. (idiom)
4@#$(013/$+*1(==&$P!+63($(C*$(CC*.$8)13!0$P!+63($(>&==&63&#
This plant has not many leaves,it has many flowers.
4D#$/013/$+*1(==&$>97?/$63/$$($2"$&7#
That plant needs a lot of water.
4!#$/13&$0/CC/$(13/7$(CC*#$$/013/$(1/6363&==&$8#3!13(0B/#
That is not a good place. do not go to that place.
4F#$8)0*0B/$/0B*$*00/$+*(13&0B/L
What are the cats doing here?
4Y#$0/0$(889$&0B/$2(66&==&$2/>"0#$$0(0B/$*0$2(66&==&$:*889$2/>(0B/L
I am coming to your house now. When are you coming to my house?
4Z#$8*>(:/$0!($7&00!C*$#1&63&#$$H3(00/$0!($/13&==&$8(00!C*$#1&63&#
A big dog is running ahead. A small dog is running behind it.
4[#$(13&$8*>(:/$=/66/1/7#$$(13&==&$8*>(:/$2!+/C$(>&==&63&#
This is a big building. It has a big entrance.
;"#$:!>&==&$=!(13/7$:**&13>(0B/.$&0B/77!2&==!L
To whom are you writing a letter, to your mother?
;4#$J(K$=/1(13/7$:!>$=901&8#>!0B/LT$J((K$=/1(13/7$:!>$=901&8#>/13&LT
Who is taking the letter?
*Note: when the number and gender of the subject are not known,
either the 3rd person plural or the neuter singular is used.
-------------------------
56
Adi’s Book.
C: Customer F: Fruit Seller.
g#$(13&$&0B/$8/*/S=/1*:!L$$*00/$8/*/0B/$(>&==&63&L
Is this your fruit shop? What fruits do you have.
_#$!7!0B/.$:*0$=/1*13!0#$$2!*/8/*/7$(>&==&63&#$$*2%/2&$2"$&7L
Yes madam,it is my shop. I have plantains. How much do you want?
g#$*0/==&$9>&$1/j/0$2!*/8/*/7$2"$&7#$$1/j/0$*00/$2(C*L
I want one dozen plantains. How much is a dozen?
_#$9>&$1/j/0$(>&?/63&$>)?!77!# Twenty Rupees a dozen madam.
g#$/13&$>97?/$2(C*88!#$$1/j/0$8/63(0/0P&==&$=91&88!#
A3/6-+$/$3(B3$8>(H*#$$I(2*$/$19j*0$'9>$'('6**0-8!#
_#$+/>(0B/77!.$9>&$1/j/0$8#63&7!L Alright madam, is a dozen enough?
g#$8#63&7#$$(889$:*00/==&$P!+63($2"$!7# Enough. I don’t want more now.
0!0$*00/$+*(>"0L 0!0$(0B*$(>&=>"0!L
0!7$*00/$+*(>#7L 0!0B/$(0B*$(>&=>#7!L
0($:*00/$+*(>*L 0($(0B*$(>&=>":!L
0(0B/$:*00/$+*(>(0B/L 0(0B/$(0B*$(>&=>(0B/%!L
/2/0$*00/$+*(>!0L /2/0$(0B*$(>&=>!0!
/2/$:*00/$+*(>!L /2/$(0B*$(>&=>!%!
/2/0B/$:*00/$+*(>!0B/L /2/0B/$(0B*$(>&=>!0B/%!
-------------------------
/2/>&==&$0/CC!$63)==/7# =&*/013*0B/$2"3/7!$*0B*$8#>!0B/L
/2/>$0/CC/$63)0B>!># =&*/013*0B/$63#66/6363&==&$8#>!0B/#
/2/>*$=&88(1/$(889$8#3!1(0B/# =&*/013*0B/$/0B*$*00/$+*(:/$8#>!0B/L
/2/>$7"C*$63)0B>!># /2/0B/$/0B*$8/013*$2(%/:!1/$8#>!0B/C!L
/2/>$8/($7"C*$63)0B>!># /2/0B/$(889$63#66/6363&==&$2*%(:*$#1>!0B/#
/2/>&==&$8(00!C*$8)0*$63)0B/63&# /2/0B/$:"0$/0B*$2*%(:*$#1/$2"$&7L
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
57
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 17.
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS.
Adjectives.
Q9>1+$C(=*$$$$0/CC!]$B991.$$$$=*66/]$?/1.$$$$/>*$/1P*H6(2*+$?:$0/6&>*#
Adjectives can also be formed from abstract nouns,
?:$+&''()(0B$$$,!0/-$$$9>$$$,&%%/-$$$/+$'9CC9G+]S
suham health +&3/7!0/ healthy.
+&3/7&%%/ healthy.
+/013#+3/7 happiness, joy +/013#+3/7!0/ happy, joyful.
+/013#+3/7&%%/ happy, joyful.
Adverbs.
Q9>1+$C(=*$$$$7&013(]$?*'9>*.$$$$7"C*]$/?92*.$$$$/>*$/12*>?+$?:$0/6&>*#
Adverbs can also be formed from abstract nouns, ?:$+&''()(0B$$$,!-$$$/+$'9CC9G+]S
suham health +&3/7! healthy.
+/013#+3/7 happiness, joy +/013#+3/7! happy, joyful.
Vocabulary
13"+/7 country naharam city
7!3!$/7 state, province 8/66/$/7 town
P(CC! district B>!7/7 village
2"C)> Vellore madhurai Madurai, Madura.
)> place, large area. =90P/7$=90P/7! gradually
+/013#+3/7 happiness 7#+/7 badness, evil.
+/013#+3/7!0/ happy (adj) 7#+/7!0/ bad, evil (adj).
+/013#+3/7! happy (adv) 7#+/7! bad, evil (adv)
sulabam ease, easiness varuththam sorrow, sadness.
+&C/?/7!0/ easy (adj) 2/>&6363/7!0/ sorrowful (adj)
+&C/?/7! easy (adv) 2/>&6363/7! sorrowful (adv)
pathi (follows acc) about, regarding varaththappadu(w.tt) feel sorry, regret
kashtappadu (w.tt) be troubled, worry varaththappadu(w.tt) feel sorry, worry
58
Adi’s Book.
Short Sentences.
4#$&0B/$63/7?($*0B*$(>&==>!>.$&%%*2!$2*%(:*2!L
Where is your brother, inside or outside?
;#$13/:/2&+*(13&$/2/0*$(0B*$=90P/7$=)88(1&0B/#
Please just call him here.
@#$/013/$=!3(13/6363*$*0B*$=901&8#>(0B/L Where are you taking that paper?
D#$(13*$:!>&==&$=901&2/>(0B/.$*0/==!L To whom are you bringing this, to me?
!#$(889$0(0B/$63/7(*$0/CC!$8"+>(0B/%!L Are you speaking tamil well now?
F#$(CC*.$P!+63($(CC*#$$=90P/7$8"+>"0.$=90P/713!0#
No, not much. I speak a little, only a little.
Y#$*13&$&0B/$13"+/7L$/13&$8*>(:/$13"+/7!L
Which is your country? I as that a big country?
Z#$&0B/$13"+/7$*0/==&$0/CC!$63*>(:&7# Your country is well known to me.
[#$*0B/$13"+/6363*$8/63($&0B/%&==&$0/CC/$63*>(:&7!L$$/13*$="==/$*00/==&$+/013#+3/7k
You know about our country well? I am happy to hear it!
4"#$0!0$*0$8!1/6363*$+/013#+3/7!$8/1(=>"0#
I am studying my lesson happily.
44#$63/7(*$8/1(==/$+&C/?/7!$(>&==&13&.$(CC*:!L
It’s easy to study Tamil, is it not?
4;#$(CC*.$(CC*.$63/7(*$8/1(==/$>97?/$=/+36/7!$(>&==&13&#
No, no, it is very difficult to study Tamil.
4@#$(13*$+9CC/$*0/==&$2/>&63/7!$(>&==&13&#$ I am sorry to say this.
4D#$(13*$="==/$*0/==&$+/013#+3/7$(CC*# I am not happy to hear this.
4!#$2/>&6363/88/1!13(0B/.$=90P/7$=90P/7!$8/1(0B/#$$/13&$+&C/?/7(CC*$=/+36/7&7(CC*#
Don’t worry, study little by little. It is neither hard nor easy
4F#$H3*00/($8*>(:/$0/3/>/7.$2"C)>$H3(00/$8/66/0&7$(>&==&13&#$$0!0$)>&==&$8#>"0
Chennai is a big city, Vellore is a small town. I am going (to my family) home.
4Y#$63/7(*$0!1&$7!3!$/63C*$/0"3/$B>!7/0B/$(>&==&63&#$$(013(:!$*0B/$13"+/7#
In Tamil Nadu State there are many villages. India is our country.
-------------------------
59
Adi’s Book.
E: Employer C: Cook..
b#$/0690:.$+!88!1&$63/:!>!L Antony, is the food ready?
g#$!7!$/(:!.$63/:!>/$(>&==&63&# Yes sir, it is ready.
b#$:*0/==&$>97?/$2"C*$(>&==&63&.$+/88/1&$+(=>/7!$=901&2/0B/#
I have a lot of work, bring the food quickly.
g#$+/>(0B/.$(13#.$=901&2/>"0# Alright sir, here it is look, I am bringing it.
b#$>966(.$2*$$*.$7&66*.$=!8($8#63&7# Bread, butter, egg, coffee are enough.
g#$(889$&0B/%&==&$+!63/7$2"$!7!L Don’t you want rice now?
b#$(889$2"$!7.$/13*$>/63>(==&$+!8(1>"0. I don’t want it now. I will eat that tonight.
(Lit: I am eating that for the night).
(013/$8/(:/0$+/013#+3/7!$(>&==(>!0# *0/==&$(13*$8/63($+/013#+3/7#
/013/(:!$2/>&6363/7!$(>&=>!># enakku idhe pathi varuththam ille.
0!7$*CC!7$+&3/7!$(>&=>#7# /2/>$2"C*$>97?/$7#+/7#
2!*/$(C*$8!>==/$0/CC!$(>&==&63&# (013/$8!1/7$8/1(==/$=/+36/7#
8*>(:/$8/(:/0$7#+/7!$(>&=>!0# /2/0B/$(889$+&3/713!0#
8!1/0B/$*CC!7$+&C/?/7!$(>&==&63&0B/# t3/7(*$8"+/$>97?/$+&C/?/7.$(CC*:!L
+(C/$8!1/0B/13!0$=/+36/7!$(>&==&63&# /0B*$P/+63($+/1313/7.$+/1313/7!$8"+/13*
-------------------------
*0B/$B>!7/7$&0B/%&==&$63*>(:&7!L *0B/$B>!7/6363*$8/63($63*>(:&7!L
(889$0!0$*0$B>!7/6363*$8/63($+9C>"0# &0B/$)>*$8/63i apram sollunga.
B>!7/6363&==&%%*$9>&$=($/>&$(>&==&13&# /13&$>97?/$8*>(:/$8/*/:/$=($/>&#
=(0/6363&$63/$$($=&1(==/$0/CC/63&# *CC!>&7$(013/$63/$$(:*$=901&8#>/0B/#
/0B*$8/C/$H3(00/$2(1&0B/$(>&==&13&# +(C/$8*>(:/$2(1&$=&1/$(>&==&13&#
*0$B>!7/6363&==&$8">$,=&88/7-# *0$B>!7/6363&$8">$&0B/%&==&$63*>(:!63!L
-------------------------
*0$2(66&==&$*6363/0*$7/$(==&$2/>(0B/L &0B/$2(66&==&$+/>(:!$0!C&$7/$(==&$2/>"0#
13/:/2&+*(63&$2/>/$7/>/063&$8#3!13(0B/# +/>(.$0!0$($$/==($0!C&$7/$(==&$2/>"0#
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
60
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 18.
POST POSITIONS.
There are no prepositions in Tamil, but base endings and Post-Positions are used instead.
These postpositions follow nouns and pronouns and the preceding nouns and pronouns
have various case endings, as given below. Some postpositions are used as adverbs.
Postposition Meaning Preceding Case
varekkum upto, as far as )
varelum upto, as far as ) Nominative.
mattum upto, as far as )
suththi around )
paththi about, concerning )
thavira except, besides ) Accusative.
8#C/ like,such as )
kondu by means of )
7&00!C* before, in front of )
mundhi before, in front of )
8(00!C* after, behind ) Dative
pindhi after, behind )
apram after. )
=(** down, under, beneath ,below )
7"C* up, over, above, on )
kitta near ) (Declensional Base)
2/*(:! by way of, via, (through) )
7&C/7! through, (between) )
Vocabulary
2!>6363* word 2!=:/7 sentence
arththam meaning kari meat
idadhu left (side) valadhu right (side)
0">/ straight pakkam side, direction
2/*( way suththi around
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Adi’s Book.
sowkyam good health +9G=:/7! healthy(adv)
suham good health +&3/7!0/ healthy(adj)
sudhdham cleanliness +&1313/7! clean
sudhdham sei clean (w.dh) (889$*CC!7.$(889CC!7 nowadays
=!6363& wind, breeze, air, veyyil sun, heat (weather)
7/** rain (noun) 7/**$8*( rain (verb)
Short Sentences.
4#$($$/==($*81($(>&=>(0B/L$$+&3/7!$(>&=>(0B/%!L
How are you today? are you well?
;#$!7!.$0!0$+9G=:/7!$(>&=>"0#$$0(0B/%&7$+9G=:/7!L
Yes, I am well. are you also well?
@#$(13*$8/6363($&0B/%/==&$63*>(:&7!L$$*00/==&$+9C&0B/#
Do you know about this? Tell me.
D#$*0/==&$/13*$8/6363($P/+63($63*>(:!13&# I do not know much about that.
!#$*0/==&$*CC!7$63*>(:&7#$$0!0$/8>/7$+9C>"0#
I know everything. I will tell (you) afterwards.
F#$*013/$8/==/7$8#>(0B/L$$/013/$8/==/7!L
Which way are you going? That way?
Y#$"0$/013/$8/==/7$8#>(0B/L$$/13&$0/CC/$2/*($(CC*#
Why are you going that way? That is not a good way.
Z#$(1/13&$8/==/7$8#0B/#$$2/C/13&$8/==/7$8#3!1(0B/#
Go to the left. Do not go to the right.
[#$(13*$63/2(>/.$(00&7$63*>(:&7!L$$$ Do you know more besides this.
4"#$*00*$63/2(>/$*CC!>&7$2(%/:!13>!0B/# All except me are playing.
44#$*889$=&%(==/$8#>(0B/.$(8892!.$/8>/7!L
When are you going to bathe, now or later?
12. maraththe suththi jasthi sediyum kodiyum irukkudhu.
There are many plants and vines around the tree.
4@#$63#66/==!>/0$63#66/6363&==&$0">/$8#>!0#
The gardener is going straight to the garden.
62
Adi’s Book.
4D#$:"0$**&013(>&=>(0B/L$$"0$*013(>&=>(0B/L$$0/CC!$63)0B&0B/#
Why are you getting up? Why are you getting up? Sleep well.
4!#$&0B/$8/1/0B/%*$7/>/==!13(0B/# Don’t forget ypur lessons.
4F#$0(0B/$(889$0/CC!$0/1/==>(0B/# You are walking well now.
4Y#$:!>*$=&8(1>(0B/.$*00*:!$/2/>*:!L Who are you calling, him or me?
4Z#$0!:&7$8)0*:&7$2"3/7!$*0B*$#1&13&0B/L
Where are the dog and cat running?
4[#$0!7$/13*$(889$8!>==/$8#>#7# We are going to see that now.
;"#$/2/0$(889CC!7$7*13&2/$2"C*$+*(>!0# He works slowly nowadays.
;4#$*00/==&$(13*$8#C/$9>&$0!($2"$&7# I want a dog like this one.
22. adhu kayithe kondu kattunga. Tie that with string.
C: Customer M: Meat Man.
g#$(0B*$2!-88!#$$*00/$=/>($(>&==&63&L Come here ‘pa. What meat do you have?
`#$!66&S=/>($(>&==&63&# I have mutton.
g#$7!66&S=/>($(CC*:!L No beef?
`#$(CC*0B/.$7!66&S=/>($0!%/==($=9$1&2/>"0# No, I am bringing (will bring) beef tomorrow.
g#$*00/==&$+&1313/7!0/$0/CC!$=/>($2"$&7# I want good clean meat.
`#$+/>(0B/,7!.$0!%/==($=!C*C*$"*&$7/$(==&$=9$1&2/>"0#
Alright madam, I am bringing (will bring it) tomorrow morning at 7 o’clock.
63/7?($(0B*$2! 7"+*$=(66/$8##$$7"+*$2/>*==&7$8#0B/#
(013/$8&+63/3/6363*$7"+*$7"C*$2/(# 7*+*==&$7"C*$9>&$8/1/7$(>&==&63&#
7"+*:*$+&6363($0!==!C(0B/$(>&==&63&# 7"+*==&$7&00!C*$=)1/$0!==!C($(>&==&63&#
7"+*==&$8(00!C*$0!C&$0!==!C(0B/$(>&==&63&# 7"+*:*$8/6363($/8>/7$8"+>"0#
7"+*$8/==/7$8#3!13(0B/# 7"+*:*$63/2(>/$(0B*$9$$&7$(CC*#
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
63
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 19.
NOUNS AND PRONOUNS &$cEgNAU5b$gN%b#
Locative Case.
‘le’ suffixed to nouns expresses locations, ‘at’ or ‘in’.
!+8/63>( hospital !+8/63>(C* at the hospital, in the hospital.
Exceptions.
Nouns ending in ‘m’ ‘du’ ‘ru’,
change to ‘th’ ‘tt’ ‘th’, respectively,
before ‘le’ is added. Thus we have:-
Noun. Locative Case.
maram tree marathle in the tree.
2(1& house 2(66C* in the house.
=($/>& well =($/63C* in the well.
Vocabulary
!0! but kadetheru bazaar.
mail mile =!C stone, milestone.
13)>/7 distance kilometer kilometre
=#2(C temple, church vali pain
8/%%(=)1/7 school vali edu (s.thth) feel pain.
Short Sentences.
4#$2(66C*$&0B/$/88!$(>&=>!>!L$*00/$+*(>!># Is your father at home? What is he doing?
;#$/2/>$(889$(0B*$(CC*#$!+8/63>(C*$2"C*$+*(>!>#
He is not here now. he is working at the hospital.
@#$(889C!7$/2/>$>97?/$2"C*$+*(>/># He is working a lot these days.
D#$7"+*C*$*0$8&+63/3/0B/$(>&==&13!L Are my books in the table (drawer)?
!#$(CC*.$&0B/$8&+63/3/0B/$7"+*C*$(CC*.$8*66(C*$(>&==&13&#
No, your books are not in the drawer. They are in the box.
F#$*0B/$)>$!63C*$>97?/$=90P/7$63/$$(13!0$(>&==&13&#
There is only very little water in the river of our place.
64
Adi’s Book.
Y#$63#66/63C*$63#66/==!>/0$2"C*$+*(>!0# The gardener is working in the garden.
Z#$8/%%(=)1/63C*$8/(:/0B/$8!1/0B/$8/1(==>!0B/#
The boys are studying lessons in the school.
[#$(013/$8&+63/3/63C*$*6363/0*$8!1/0B/$(>&==&13&L
How many lessons are there in this book?
4"#$/063/$8&+63/3/63C*$$(>&?/63&$8!1/0B/$(>&==&13&#
There are 20 lessons in that book.
11. en kaile$(889$P/+63($8/$/7$ille. I do not have much money now. (idiom).
4;#$:*013/$=/1*C*$2!*/8/*/7$2(==&13&L At which shop are plantains sold?
13. arele :!>$:!>$(>&=>!0B/L Who are in the room. (‘who-all’, idiom).
14. idhule enna enna irukkudhu? What is in this. (‘what-all’, idiom).
15. vali enge yedukkudhu? vali yenge? Where does it hurt? Where is the pain.
16. ennakku vayithle jasthi vali edukkudhu. I have much pain in the stomach.
4Y#$7!>C*$>97?/$2/C($*1&==&13!L Isthere much pain in the chest?
4Z#$(013/$8!1/63C*$=/+36/7!0/$2!>63*0B/$(CC*#
There are no difficult words in this lesson.
4[#$/013/$=($/63C*$63/$$($(>&==&13!L Is there water in that well?
;"#$>!63>(C*$"0$2"C*$+*(>(0B/L Why are you working in the night?
;4#$&0B/%&==&$=!8(C*$H3/==/>*$2"$&7!L Do you want sugar in your coffee?
C: Customer A; Autorickshaw Man.
g#$0!0$=/1*63*>&==&$8#3/2"$&7# I want to go to the bazaar.
N#$2!0B/.$!6#C*$&==!>&0B/# Come on sir, sit in the auto.
g#$=/1*63*>&==&$8#3/.$*2%/2&$8/$/7$2"$&7L
How much money (do you) want, to go to the bazaar?
N#$8/63&$>)?!$=91&0B/.$8#63&7# Give ten Rupees, (it’s) enough.
g#$=/1*63*>&$*0B*L$/63&$>97?/$13)>/7!L Where is the bazaar? Is it a long way?
N#$63*>(:&7$/(:!#$/13&$9>&$=":*7.$9>&$7/(C$(CC*#$/13&$>97?/$13)>/7(CC*.$!0!$=(66/2&7(CC*#
I know, sir. It is one km, Not one mile. It’s not very far, but it’s not near either!
-------------------------
65
Adi’s Book.

(13&$:!>$=/1(13/7L *0$8/(:*$8!($7"C*$2/(0B/
idhu enna kattadam? 8!(==&$&%%*$8)0*$(>&==&13&#
(013/$=/1(16363*$/2/>&==&$=901&8#0B/ 8!(==&$&%%*$9>&$8/(:/0$(>&=>!0#
(013/$=/66/1/6363&==&$2!+/C$*0B*L 8/*/7$2!0B/$8/(:*$=901&8#0B/#
=/1(13/7$**&63/$9>&$=!(13/7$=901&2/# 8!($2!0B/$=/1*==&$2/0B/#
=/1*C*$($$/==($P/+63($+!7!0$(CC*# 0!%/==($=#2(CC*$*00*$8!>&0B/#
=/1*C*$(889$=/1*=!>/>$(CC*# *00/==&$/+8/63>(C*$7/13:!0/7$2"C*$(CC*#
*0B/$63#66/63C*$9>&$=($/>&$(>&==&13&# 8/%%(=)1/63C*$8/(:/0B/$(CC*#
=($/63C*$63/$$($>97?/$=(**$(>&==&13&# &0B/$)>$!63C*$63/$$($(>&==&13!L
(CC*0B/.$*0B/$=($/63C*$=&1/$63/$$($(CC*# 0/7/==*CC!7$(013/$)>C*$63/$$($(CC*#
*0B/$)>C*$/88!S/77!.$/$$/0S63/7?(0B/.$/==!S63/0B/H3H3(0B/.$*CC!>&7$(>&=>!0B/#
(013/$8&+63/3/63C*$+&C/?/7!0/$8!1/7&7$=/+36/7!0/$8!1/7&7$(>&==&13&#
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
66
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 20.
POST-POSITIONS &$gE\AU\dbi#
‘idam’ or ‘idaththukku’, suffixed to the declensional bases of pronouns,
are used to express ‘to’ (in motion).
This form is used for verbs such as ‘go’, ‘come’, ‘bring’, and ‘take’,
e.g.:-
*00(1/7$/13*$=901&2/>!1(0B/# Do not bring that to me.
/2/>(1/6363&==&$(889$8#3!1(0B/# Do not go to him now.
This is interchangable with the Dative Case in some places, where the verbs are not in
motion, as in:-
*00(1/7$/013/$8"0/2*$=91&0B/# Give that pen to me.
-------------------------
Vocabulary
63/8!C post 63/8!C$!8(+ post office
63/8!C=!>/0 postman
eppovum always sila samayam sometimes
9>&2"C* perhaps adikkadi often
+!13!>/0/7! usually, normally. v/*/==/7! usually, normally.
-------------------------
4#$&0B/$8&+63/3/63*$*0=(66/$=901&2!0B/#$$&0B/$8&+63/3/63*$*00(1/7$=901&2!0B/#
Bring your book to me. or Bring your book near me.
;#$/2/0(1/7$/13*$=901&8#3!13(0B/# Don’t take that to him.
@#$*0&1*:/$63/7?(=)1/$*00*8#C/$(>&=>!0# My little brother is also like me.
D#$0!7$*CC!7$8"0!2*=901&$**&13>#7# All of us write with a pen.
!#$/2/0B/$(063/$2/*(:!$*0B*$8#>!0B/# Where are they going through this way?
F#$0(0B/$(013/$2/*(:!$=#2(CC&==&$8#>(0B/# You are going to the church by this way.
Y#$=#2(C$*0B/$2(66&==&$=(66/$(>&==&13&# The temple (church) is near our house.
67
Adi’s Book.
Z#$!+8/63>($/2/>&1*:/$2(66&==&$>97?/$13)>/7!$(>&==&13&#
The hospital is far away from his house.
[#$&0B/$B>!7/7$*2%/2&$13)>/7L$$/13*$=(66/2!$13)>/7!L
How far is your village? Near or far?
4"#$P/00/C$7)C/7!$:!>*$8!>=>(0B/L Who are you seeing through the window?
44#$(013/$=/1(13/63*$7!0(==/7$7)C/7!$/0&88&0B/#
Send this letter through Manikkam.
4;#$63/8!C=/>/0$*00/$=901&2/>!0L What does the postman bring?
4@#$63/8!C=/>/0$0/7/==&$63/8!C$=901&2/>!0#
The postman is bringing us the post.
4D#$0(0B/$/1(==/1($63/8!C$!8(+&==&$8#>(0B/C!L
Do you often go to the post office?
4!#$(CC*.$0!0$+(C/$+/7/:/713!0$8#>"0# No, I go there only sometimes.
4F#$*8892&7$0/CC!$2"C*$+*(0B/#$$/8>/7$0/CC!$+!88(1&0B/#
Always work well. Then eat well.
4Y#$0!0$/1(==/1($=#2(CC&==&$8#>"0.$0(0B/$*81(#
I often go to church, how about you?
4Z#$0(0B/$*8892&7$63/7(*$8"+&0B/#$$*0BC(+3$8"+!13(0B/#
Always speak Tamil. Do not speak English.
4[#$+(C/$+/7/:/7$=90P/7$*0BC(+3$8"+&0B/# Sometimes speak a little English.
;"#$*00/==&$(13*8#C/$9>&$8&+63/3/7$2"$&7#
I want a book like this.
;4#$/2/>(1/6363&==&$(889$8#3!13(0B/#$$0!C/==($*00(1/7$2!0B/#
Don’t go to him now. Come to me tomorrow.
22. ennidam andha nalla pusthaham ille. I don’t have that good book with me.
;@#$0!0$+&3/7(CC*.$19H69>(1/7$8#>"0# I am not well, I am going to the doctor.
;D#$*00(1/7$/013/$8"0!2*$=91&0B/# Give that pen to me.
;!#$(889$7/**$8*(13&#$$=&1*$=901&8#0B/# It is raining now. Take an umbrella.
-------------------------
68
Adi’s Book.
D: Driver, V: Villager.
i#$/(:!.$(0B*$2!0B/#$$H3*00/(==&$*013/$8/==/7$8#3/2"$&7L
Sir, come here. Which way should iI go to Chennai?
5#$7&00!C*$0*>/$8#0B/.$/8>/7$(1/63&$8/==/7$63(>&7?&0B/#
Go straight first, then turn left.
i#$H3*00/($*2/%/2&$13)>/7L How far is Chennai?
5#$H3*00/($0&63&S8/63&$=(C97*6/>$13)>/7# Chennai is110 kilometers distance.
i#$*013/$)>$2/*(:!$H3*00/(==&$8#>#7L Through which town do we go toChennai?
5#$=!0P(8)>/7$2/*(:!$8#>#7# We go via Kanjipuram.
i#$2/*(C*$(00&7$*00/$)>&0B/$2/>&13&L What other places are on the way?
5#$!>=!1&7$+>(8*>&78&1)>&7$2/*(C*$2/>&13&#
Arcot and Sriperumbudur are on the way.
-------------------------
(013/$8"0!2*$8#C/$9>&$0/CC/$8"0!$2!0B&# &0B/$0!($*0$0!:*$8#C/$(>&==&13&#
&0B/%&==&$(13*$8#C/$2"$&7!L *00/==&$(889$/13*8#C/$8#13&7#
/2/>&==&$7&3/7$:!>$8#C/$(>&==&13&L *0&1*:/$=&*/013*0B/$*00*$8#C/$(>&==&13&#
(013/$!6363&$2/*(:!$H!>C*$8#3!13(0B/#$ &0B/$63#66/6363&==&$2/*(:!$2(66&==&$8#>"0#
*0B/$2(66&$2/*(:!$=#2(CC&==&$8#0B/#
0(0B/C$63/8!C$!8(+$2/*(:!$8#>(0B/C!L 0!0$*8892&7$63/8!C$!8(+$2/*(:!$8#>"0#
!7!.$+(C/$+/7/:/7$/013/$8/==/7$8#>"0# /1(==/1($/013/$2/*(:!$!+8/63>(==&$8#>"0#
&0B/%&1*:/$)>$*2%/2&$13)>/7L &0$)>$13)>/7!$=(66/2!L
*0$)>$=(66/$(CC*.$/13&$>97?/$13)>/7# &0B/$)>$*13&.$/13&$2"C)>!$!>0(:!L
($$/==($*00/==&$63/8!C$(CC*:!L ($$/==($&0B/%&==&$9$$&7$(lle.
63/8!C$*0B*$=901&8#>!0B/L
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
69
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 21.
VERBS, FUTURE POSITIVE, AND
ORDINAL NUMBERS.
Verbs, Future Positive.
For Weak Verbs.
Root plus ‘v’ plus verbal endings, except neuter sngular and plural.
0!0$8#2"0 I will go 0!0B/$8#2#7 we will go
0($8#2* you will go 0(0B/$8#2(0B/ you will go
/2/0$8#2!0 he will go /2/0B/$8#2!0B/ they will go
/2/$8#2! she will go
/2/>$8#2!> he/she will go
But for neuter, Root plus ‘vum’ plus verbal endings
/63&$8#2&7 it will go /13&0B/$8#2&7 they will go
For Strong Verbs.
Root plus ‘pp’ plus verbal endings, except neuter sngular and plural.
0!0$/1(88"0 I will strike 0!0B/$/1(88#7 we will strike
0($/1(88* you will strike 0(0B/$/1(88(0B/ you will strike
/2/0$/1(88!0 he will strike /2/0B/$/1(88!0B/ they will strike
/2/$/1(88! she will strike
/2/>$/1(88!> he/she will strike
But for neuter, Root plus ‘kkum’ plus verbal endings
athu adikkum it will strike adhunga adikkum
Ordinal Numbers.
63*+*$/>*$'9>7*1$?:$+&''()(0B$$,!7-$$9>$$,!2/13&-$$69$63*$g/>1(0/C$\&7?*>+#
9$$& one 9$$!7.$9$$!2/13& first
>*$1& two >*$1!7.$>*$1!2/13& second
paththu ten 8/6363!7$8/6363!2/63& tenth
8/00*$1& twelve 8/00*$1!7.$8/00*$1!2/13& twelfth
-------------------------
70
Adi’s Book.
Vocabulary.
=(*/7* day of the week 0!C.$13(0/7 dayof the month
0!(6363&=(*/7* Sunday 0!C13#>&7 daily
63(0B/=(*/7* Monday 13(0/013#>&7 daily
+*22!=(*/7* Tuesday 2!>/7 week
?&13/0=(*/7* Wednesday 2!>/713#>&7 weekly
2:!*/=(*/7* Thursday 7!+/7 month
2*%%(=(*/7* Friday 7!+/713#>&7 monthly
+/0(=(*/7* Saturday varusham year
63"1( date 2/>&+3/713#>&7 yearly, annually
7&13/C.$900!7 first kadasi last
0"6363& yesterday mundh!0!C the day before yesterday
0!%/==( tomorrow 0!C/00/==( the day after tomorrow
8#0/ last, previous (time) aduththa next
+0"3(13/> friend theru street
badhil reply, answer(n) badhil sol reply, answer(w.n)
=!6363(>& wait thirumbu return(w.in)
-------------------------
Sentences.
4#$($$/==($*00/$=(*/7*.$(13&$+/0(=(*/7*:!L
What day is it today, is it Saturday?
;#$!7!.$0*63&$2*%%(=(*/7*.$7&013!0!%$2:!*/=(*/7*.$0!%/==($*00!L
Yes, yesterday was Friday, the day before yesterday Thursday, what’s tomorrow.
@#$0!%/==($63(0B/=(*/7*#$(CC*0B/$0!%/==($0!(6363&=(*/7*.$(CC*:!L
Tomorrow(‘s) Monday. No, no, tomorrow (‘s) Sunday, isn’t it?
D#$/63&$+/>(13!0#$$9>&$2!>/63C*$*6363/0*$0!C/0B/$(>&==&13&.$63*>(:&7!L
That’s right. how many days are in one week, do you know?
!#$9>&$2!>/63C*$"*&$0!C.$9>&$2/>&+3/6363&==&$7)0)6363&==&$7"C*$(>&==&7#
Seven days in one week, in one year there will be more than three hundred.
71
Adi’s Book.
F#$/13&$+/>(.$7)0)63&S!>&8/63&$/0P&$0!C$9>&$2/>/+3/63C*$(>&==&63&#
That’s right, there are 365 days in one year.
Y#$0(0B/$2!>/63C*$*6363/0*$0!C$2"C*$+*(>(0B/L How many days are you working in a week?
Z#$($$/=($63"1($*00/.$(13&$8/6363!7$63"1($(CC*:!L
What is today’s date, it’s the 10th, isn’t it?
[#$63"1($*00/==&$63*>(:/13&.$0(0B/$0!C13#>&7$,*00/$63"1(-$="=>(0B/#
I don’t know the date, you ask ‘what’s the date’ every day.
4"#$(00/==($*0$/77!2&7$/88!2&7$#+)>(C(>&013&$2/>/0B/#
Today my mother and father are coming from Hosur.
44#$(>&?/63!7$63"1($:!>$2/>/0B/L Who is coming on the 20th?
4;#$/00/=($8/00*$1&$8">$2/>/2/0B/# That day 12 people are coming.
4@#$0!0$0!%/==($H3*00/(==&$8#2"0#$$0(0B/%&7$2/>/2(0B/C!L
I will go to Chennai tomorrow. Will you come too?
4D#$0!7$0!(6363&=(*/7*$=#2(C&==&$8#297#
We will go to church on Sunday.
4!#$/013/$0!($&00*$=/1(==&7.$/13/0$=(66/$8#3!1*#
That dog will bite you, don’t go near it.
4F#$(013/$8)0*$*0$=!C*$+&6363($#1&63&#
This cat is running round my feet.
4Y#$+(C/$+/7/:/7$*0$0!($=)1/$/81($+*(:&7# Sometimes my dog does that.
4Z#$*0B/$2"C*=!>/0$2*C*$+*(:/$13(0/013#>&7$2/>&2!0#$$/2/0$0!C13#>/7$(0B*$(>&=>!0#
Our servant will come daily to work. He is here every day.
4[#$0!0B/$/2/0&==&$7!+/713#>&7$8/$/7$=91&88#7#
We give him money every month.
;"#$0!0$8#0/$2!>/7$2"C)>C*$(CC*# I was not in Vellore last week.
;4#$/1&6363/$?&63/0=(*/7*$2!0B/# Come next Wednesday.
;;#$/1&6363/$2/>&+3/7.$7!>H3$7!+/7.$7)0!7$63"1($63(>&7?&0B/#
Return next year on the third of March.
;@#$+*>(.$/81(13!0$+*(2"0#$$8#(6&2/>"0 Alright, I’ll do that. Goodbye.
-------------------------
72
Adi’s Book.
Sending a message to a friend.
M: Master, S: Servant.
`#$&00/==&$9>&$=/1(13/7$=91&88"0#$/13&$*0$+0"3(13/>$2(66&==&$=901&8##
I will give you a letter. Take it to my friend’s house.
%#$/81(:"$+*(2"0#$$/2/>$?/13(C$2"$&7!L I will do so. Do you want his answer?
`#$!7!.$/2/>$?/13(C$2"$&7#$$!8(+&==&$*66&$7/$(==&$8#2/>#$$/13&==&$7&00!C*$8##
Yes, I want his reply. He will go to the office at eight o’clock. You go before that.
%#$/2/>$2(1&$*0B*$(>&==&63&L$13/:/2&+*(13&$*00/==&$=!66&2(0B/C!L
Where is his house? Will you please show me?
`#$/13&6363/$63*>&C*$=#2(C&==&$8(00!C*$(>&==&63&#
It is in the next street behind the temple.
S. saringa, ippo ennakku theriyum. Alright sir, now I know.
`#$0!0$&00/==!3/$=!6363(>&88"0#$$+(=>/7$2!# I will wait for you. Come quick!
%#$(8892"$#1&2"0#$$>97?/$+(=>/7$63(>&7?/2"0#
I will run right now. I will return very soon.
-------------------------
0!0$(0B*$+!88(1&2"0 0!0$/13*$8/1(88"0
0!7$(0B*$+!88(1&2#7 0!7$/13*$8/1(88#7
0($(0B*$+!88(1&2* 0($/13*$8/1(88*
0(0B/$(0B*$+!88(1&2(0B/ 0(0B/$/13*$8/1(88(0B/
/2/0$(0B*$+!88(1&2!0 /2/0$/13*$8/1(88!0
/2/$(0B*$+!88(1&2! /2/$/13*$8/1(88!
/2/>$(0B*$+!88(1&2!> /2/>$/13*$8/1(88!>
/2/0B/$(0B*$+!88(1&2!0B/ /2/0B/$/13*$8/1(88!0B/
/13&$(0B*$+!88(1&7 adhu adhe padikkum
/13&0B/$(0B*$+!88(1&7 adhunga adhe padikkum
Note:- Substitute ,63&0B&-$/01$,**&63&-$ '9>$,+!88(1&-.
and ‘kudi’ and ‘adi’ for ‘padi’.
73
Adi’s Book.
1(0/013#>&7$=!C*C*$*013(>(88"0#
2!>/713#>&7$/2/>$=#2(CC&==&$8#2/>#
7!+/713#>&7$0!0$H3*00/(==&$8#2"0#
2/>&+3/713#>&7$/2/0B/$*00/==&$8&+63/3/63*$/0&88&2!0B/#
(013/$2!>/7$2(66C*$(>&88"0#
/1&6363/$2!>/7$2"C*==&$8#2"0#
8#0/$2!>/7$0!0$(0B*$(CC*#
/1&6363/$7!+/7$7&63/C$2!>/7$?/0B/C)>C*$(>&88"0#
(013/$7!+/7$=/1/+($2!>/7$(0B*$63(>&7?&2"0
0!(6363&==(*/7*$2!>/63C*$7&63/C$0!C#
+/0(=(*/7*$2!>/63C*$=/1/+($0!C
2/>&+3/63C*$P/0/2/>:$7!+/7$900!7$7!+/7#
2/>&+3/63C*$1*+*7?/>$7!+/7$=/1/+($7!+/7#
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
74
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 22.
VERBS, PRESENT AND PAST NEGATIVES,
AND POTENTIAL FORM.
Present & Past Negatives.
infinitive plue ‘le’ irrespective of number, gender and person.
8#3/C*.$$9>$$0!0$8#3/C* I do not go, or I did not go.
=&1(==/C*.$$0!0$=&1(==/C* I do not drink, or I did not drink.
-------------------------
Potential Form-‘may’. (Permission).
(0'(0(6(2*$8C&*$$,C!7-$$(>>*+8*H6(2*$9'$0&7?*>.$B*01*>$/01$8*>+90#
0(0B/$8#3/C!7 you may go.
Vocabulary
/13/0!C* therefore "0(00! because
/81(:" just like that /81(:!L really? is that so?
/2%/2&13!0 that is all /81(13!0 that’s it
7/66&7.$13!0 only. /0B*13!0 only there
7!63>&7 only. sudu hot (to touch)
purukkam sultry, humid =&%(>H3H3( cool, coolness, cold
nadu(s.tt) plant. ishtam, piriyam liking (follows Dative)
pidi(s.thth) catch, but idiomatically also used for these other meanings:-
pidikkum is liked 8(1(==!13& is not liked
these follow the dative case, such as in
idhe ennakku pidikkum I like this.
/13*$*00/==&$8(1(==!13& I don’t like that.
Short Sentences.
4#$($$/==($/2/>&==&$+)3/7(CC*.$/13/0!C*$/2/>$(0B*$2/>/C*#
He is not well today, therefore he did not come here.
;#$/2/>$($$/==($(0B*$2/>/C*$"0(00!$/2/>&==&$+9G=:/7(CC*#
He has not come here today because he is not well.
75
Adi’s Book.
@#$0(0B/$7!63>&7$=#2(C&==&$89>(0B/C!# Are you alone going to the temple?
D#$(00&7$:!>$/0B*$8#2/0B/L Who else will go there?
!#$0!0$(889$+!88(1/C*.$/8>/7$+!88(1&2"0# I am not eating now, I will eat afterwards.
F#$/2/0B/$0!%/==($*0B/$2(66C*$+!88(1/C!7# They may eat in our house tomorrow.
Y#$0!0B/$(889$2(66&==&$8#3/C!7!L May we go home now?
Z#$0!0$(00/==($=/1*==&$2/>/C*.$0(0B/$7!63>&7$8#3/C!7#
I am not coming to the shop today, you may go by yourself.
[#$0!0$"0$(81($&>&=>"0L$$"0(00!$0!0$>!63>($0/CC/$63)0B/C*#
Why am I like this? Because I did not sleep well last night.
4"#$(013/$=/1(13/7$*0$63/7?($">&13/C*# My little brother did not write this letter.
44#$0(0B/$7/66&7$=/1(1/63*$8/1(==/C!7# Only you may read the letter.
4;#$/81(:!L$/889$/13*$0!0$7!63>&7$8/1(88"0#
Really? Then I shall read it by myself.
4@#$/81(13!0.$/81(13!0.$/13*$7/>&8/1(:&7$+9CC&0B/#
That’s it, that’s it, say that again.
4D#$&0B/%&==&$*13&$(+36/7.$=!88(:!$6(:!L Which do you like, coffee or tea?
4!#$&0B/%&==&$*13&$>97?/$8(1(==&7.$=9*(:!.$!66&$=/>(:!L
Which do you like most, chicken or mutton?
4F#$/2/>&==&$+!63/7$8(>(:!13&.$>966(13!0$8(>(:/7#
He does not like rice, he likes only bread.
4Y#$&0B/$*CC!>&==&7$(0B*$+!88(1/$(+36/7!L Do all of you like to eat here?
4Z#$0/7*CC!>&7$/8>/7$+!88(1/C!7# All of us may eat afterwards.
4[#$&0B/$2"C*$/2C/2&13!0.$(889$8#3/C!7# That’s all of your work, you may go now.
;"#$0!0$7/13&>/(==&$8#>"0.$/13/0!C*$0!%/==($8!1/7$(CC*#
I am going to Madurai, so there is no lesson tomorrow.
;4#$!0!$0!%/$$/=($0!0$(0B*$(>&88"0# But I shall be here the day after tomorrow.
;;#$($$/=($8/%%(=)1/7$(>&==&13&.$!0!$0!%/==($(CC*#
Today there is school, but not tomorrow.
;@#$/81(:!L$+/>(.$(00/==($8/%%(=)1/6363&==&$8#>"0#
Is that so? Okay, I shall go to school today.
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Adi’s Book.
;D#$0(0B/$(013/$63/$$(:*$=&1(==/C!7.$(13&$0/CC/$63/$$(#
You can drink this water, this is good water.
;!#$0(0B/$7!63>&7$+(=>/7!$0/1/==/C*# You only are not walking briskly.
;F#$&0B/$6($*81($&0B/%&==&$(+36/7.$8/C$2"$&7!.$2"$!7!#$$+&1/$8!C$2"0&7!L
How do you like your tea, do you want milk or not? Do you want hot milk?
P: ponnamma S: Shanti.
<#$0!7$2*%(:*$2(%/:!1/$8#3/C!7!L May we go out to play.
%#$(CC*$8900/77!.$*00/==&$0">/7$(CC*#$$0!0$(00/=($2/>/C*#
No ponnamma, I have no time. I am not coming today.
<#$0"63&$7/**$8*(:/C*.$/13/0!C*$2(%/:!1/$>97?/$0/CC/$(>&01/13&#
Yesterday it did not rain, so it was very good to play.
%#$/13&$+*>(13!0.$!0!$($$/==($>97?/$2*::(C.$(CC*:!L
That’s right, but today it is very hot, isn’t it?
<#$!7!.$>97?/$2*::(C13!0#$:*00/$+*(:/C!7L
Yes, very hot. What can be done?!
%#$(13&$2*::(C$=!C/7#$$/81(13!0$(>&==&7#$ This is summer. It will be like that.
<#$+!(0B!C/63C*$=90P/7$=&%(>H3H3(:!$(>&==&13&.$"0(00!$/889$=!63&$/1(==&13&#
It’s a bit cool in the evening, because it’s breezy then.
%#$>!63>($>97?/$8&>&==/7!$(>&==&13&.$"0(00!$=!63&$/889$=90P/7$=)1/$(CC*#
It is sultry at night, because then there is no breeze at all.
/2/>$(0B*$+(C/$+/7/:/7$2"C*$+*(:!$2/>!>#$ !0!$/2/>$0"63&$2/>/C*e$"0$*0/==&
63*>(:!13&# /2/>&==&$>97?/$63/C*$2/C(.$/13/0!C*$/2/>$2"C*==&$2/>/C*#
/2/0B/$7/>/6363&==&$=(**$(>&=>!0B/.$"0(00!$>97?/$2*::(C!$(>&==&13&#
0!0$(13*8/6363($="==/C*#$$0(0B/$(13*$/8>/7$+9CC/C!7#
0!0$&0B/%&==&$9>&$0/CC/$+/0B/13($+9CC/C!7!L
*0&1*:/$/88!$/0B*13!0$(>&=>!>.$0(0B/$/2/>*$8!>==/C*:!L
0!0B/$*88#2&7$+!13/7$+!88(1>#7#$$+(C/$+/7/:/7$H3/88!6363($=)1/$+!8(1>#7#
*0B/%&==&$(013/$2(1&13!0$>97?/$8(1(==&7#
77
Adi’s Book.
/013/$2(66C*$(>&==/$&0B/%&==&$8(1(==!13!L
(013/$2"C*$/2%/2&13!0#$$(889$0(0B/$/13*$+*(:/C!7#
/81(13!0.$/81(13!0.$7/>&8/1(:&7$/81(:"$+*(0B/#
*13&$&0B/%&==&$P!+63($8(>(:&7.$+!63/7!$H3/88!6363(:!L
(013/$8&+63/3/7$&0B/%&==!3/#$$0(0B/$(13*$+/013#+3/7!$8/1(==/C!7#
($$/==($8!1/7$+&C/?/7!$(>&==/C!7!$8!>88#7#
0(0B/$8!1/6363*$7*13&2!$8/1(0B/C!7!L$$8!==/C!7#
0!0$8!C$=&1(==/C*$"0(00!$*00/==&$8!C$8(1(==&7$(CC*#
8#0/$2!>/7$*CC!7$0!0$=/1(13/7$**&63/C*#
0!%/==($=/1(13/0B/$*CC!7$**&63&2"0#
0!0$*0$/>*C*$8/1(88"0.$0(0B/$(013/$(1/63C*$8/1(==/C!7#
63#66/==!>/>$+*1(0B/%*$0/1&2!>.$!0!$(0B*$2"$!7.$/0B*$0/1/$+9CC&0B/#
0!7$0"6363&$+/0B/13(:*$8/6363($=90P/7$8"+/C!7!L
(13*CC!7$>97?/$0/CC/$2!=:/0B/#$$(13&0B/%*$63(>&7?/$63(>&7?/$+9CC/C!7#
/2/>$8&+63/3/7$*0$=/(==&$/1&6363/$2!>&7$2/>&7#
0!0$/13*$&0B/%&==&$8/1(==/$=91&88"0#
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78
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 23.
THE VEGETABLE SHOP, AND
REVIEW (REVISION) No.II.
A3*$5*B*6/?C*$%398#$$$=!($=/1*
Vocabulary
=!( vegetable =!(S=/>( vegetables
63/==!C(==!( tomato(es) =/6363/>(==!( brinjal(s)
2*01*==!( lady’s fingers 8/H3H3*$8/66!$( green peas
B#+*S8) cauliflower B#+*S7&66*.$B#+*S=(** cabbage
*CC!$2(13/7!0/ all kinds of are half
C: Customer V; Vegetable Seller.
g#$&0B/%(1/7$*00/$=!($(>&==&13&L What are the vegetables that you have?
5#$*00(1/7$*CC!7$2(13/7!0/$=!(S$=/>(0B/$(>&==&13&#$&0B/%&==&$*00/$=!($2"$&7L
I have all kinds of vegetables. What vegetables do you want.
g#$*00/==&$0/CC!$=/6363/>(==!($9>&$=(C9$2"$&7# I want one kilo of fresh brinjals.
5#$+/>(0B/.$&0B/%&==&$(00&7$*00/$=!($2"$&7L$$B#+*S7&66*:&7$B#+*S8)2&7$(>&==&13&#
Alright sir, what other veg do you want? I have cabbage and cauliflower.
g#$($$/=($0!0$/13*CC!7$2!0B/C*e$&00(1/7$63/==!C($8/*/0B/$(>&==&13!L
I am not buying them today. Do you have tomatoes?
5#$(CC*0B/.$*00(1/7$>97?/$0/CC/$63/==!C($(CC*#$$&0B/%&==&$8/H3H3*$8/66!$($2"$&7!L
No sir, I don’t have very good tomatoes. Do you want green peas.
g#$8/H3H3*$8/66!$($2(C*$P!+63(:!$(>&==&13&#$$2*01/(==!($(>&==&13!L
The price of peas is too much. Do you have ladies fingers?
5#$(>&==&13&#$$:*2C/2&$2"$&7L I have. How much do you want?
g#$/>*$=(C9$2*01/(==!($=91&0B/#$(889$/13&$8#13&7#
Give me half a kilo of ladies fingers. That’s enough now.
-------------------------
79
Adi’s Book.
Review No II.
4#$/(:!$2!0B/.$2/$/==/7#$$*81($(>&=>(0B/.$+9G=:/7!L$$&0B/$2(66C*$*CC!>&7$+)3/7!L$$(0B*
*CC!>&7$ +)3/713!0#$ $ 63/7?(:&7$ 63/0B/H3H3(:&7$ =)1/$ +&3/7!L$ $ /88!2&7$ /77!2&7
+)3/7!$(>&=>!0B/C!L$$/88!2&7$/77!2&7$(889$2(66C*$(CC*#$$/2/0B/$0!%/==($2/>/2/0B/#
;#$ (13&$ :!>$ 63#66/7L$ $ (13&$ &0B/$ 63#66/7!L$ $ &0B/%&==&$ 0/CC!$ 63#66/7$ (>&==&13&#$ $ &0B/
63#66/7$ 9>&$ 0/CC!$ 63#66/7#$ $ $ &0B/%&1*:/$ 63#66/7$ 0/CC/$ &>&==&13&#$ $ $ (013/$ +*1(C*$ >*$1&
8)13!0$ (>&==&13&#$ $ $ /013/$ =91(C*$ P!+63($ (C*:&7$ 8)2&7$ (>&==&13&0B/#$ $ $ (013/$ 63#66/S
7/>/0B/$>97?/$8*>(:/$7/>/0B/.$(CC*:!L$$&0B/$63#66/6363&==&$=($/>&$=)1/$>97?/$0/CC/13&#
63#66/==!>/0$(0B*$2"C*$+*(>!0#$$/2/0&==&$63#66/63C*$=/+36/7!0/$2"C*$(CC*#
@#$ >!7/0.$ +!88!1&$ 63/:!>!L$ $ $ 0!0B/$ (889$ +!88(1/$ 2/>/C!7!L$ $ $ *0B/%&==&$ (889$ +!88!1&
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*CC!>&==&7$"0$8#13!13&L$$/13*$*00/==&$=!66&0B/#$$13/:/2&+*(63&$*0/==&$+(=>/7$+!88!1&
8#1&0B/#$$=90P/7$63/$$($=901&2!0B/.$+(=>/7.$+(=>/7#
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+/>(.$ &0B/%&==!3/$ 9>&$ 0/CC!$ 8!66&$ 8!1>"0#$ $ &0B/%&==&$ *0$ 8!66&$ (+36/7!L$ $ !7!.$ &0$ 8!66&
*00/==&$ >97?/$ (+36/7#$ $ /889$ 0(0B/$ *0$ 8!66*$ ="==/C!7#$ $ *0$ 8!66&$ *81($ (>&==&13&L$ $ &0
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7/$(==&$ 2!0B/#$ $ $ 0/0$ =!68!1(==&$ 2/>/C*#$ $ $ 0(0B/$ 7!63>&7$ 8#3/C!7#$ $ $ /81(:!L$ +/>(.$ 0!0
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*CC!>&7$+(=>/7$2/>&2/0B/#
80
Adi’s Book.
Y#$0(0B/$19H69>(1/7$8#>(0B/C!L$$"0$/2/>(1/7$8#>(0B/L$$"0(00!$0!0$+&3/7(CC*#$$(00&7$:!>
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(>&=>!>L$ $ 0!0$ =)1/$ /2/>*$ 8!>88"0#$ $ 0!7$ 19H69>$ 2(66&==&$ 8#3/C!7!L$ $ +(C/$ +/7/:/7$ /2/>
(889$!+8/63>(C*$(>&88!>#
Z#$(889$7/**$8*(13&.$/13/0!C*$2*%(:*$8#3!13(0B/#$$=&1*$=901&8#0B/.$"0(00!$>97?/$7/**
8*(13&#$$($$/=($*CC!7$2*::(C$(CC*#$$(889$P/+63($7/**$8*(:/C*.$!0!$=!6363&$=90P/7$/1(==&13&#
/8>/7$7/**$8*(:/C!7.$/13/0!C*$+(=>/7$2(66&==&$(889$#1&0B/#
[#$($$/=($0/CC/$0!C.$"0(00!$($$/=($0!0$0/CC!$63/7(*$8"+>"0#$$$8#0/$63(0B/=(*/7*$*00/$63"1(L
0!%/==($ *00/.$ 7&63/C$ 63"1(:!L$ $ !7!$ 7&63/C$ 63"1(13!0#$ $ +/>(.$ >97?/$ +/013#+3/7.$ "0(00!
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4"#$ 0(0B/$ =&%(==/C*:!L$ $ /889$ :*0B*$ =&%(==/$ 8#>(0B/L$ $ &0B/%&==&$ =&%(==/$ :*00/$ 63/$$(
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*CC!7$ >97?/$ 0/01>(#$ $ $ >!7/0.$ *0$ 0!:*$ /8>/7$ =&%(8/66&2*:!#$ $ $ *0$ 0!($ =90P/7=)1/$ +&13S
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(013/$8/==/7$2/>*==&7$**&63/C!7#$$/1&63/$8/==/63C*$**&63!13(0B/#$$13/:/2&+*(13&$(013/
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13#>&7$=!C*(C*$*66&$7/$(==&$0/7/==*CC!7$63/8!C$=901&2/>!0#
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81
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 24.
VERBS, FUTURE TENSE, NEGATIVE.
Future Negative.
U0'(0(6(2*$8C&+$$,7!66-$$8C&+$2*>?/C$*01(0B+.$$*)H*86(0B$63*$0*&6*>$'9>7+#
8#3/7!66"0 I will not go. 8#3/7!66!0B/ They will not go.
/1(==/7!66"0 I will not strike /1(==/7!66(0B/ You will not strike.
Exceptions, - Neuter Forms.
Weak Verbs, Singular. U0'(0(6(2*$8C&+$$,!13&-#
8#3!13& It will not go. 63)0B!13& It will not sleep.
Strong Verbs, Singular. U0'(0(6(2*$8C&+$$,=!13&-#

/1(==!13& It will not strike =&1(==!13& It will not drink.
Plural. as for neuter singular, but with the plural verbal endings
8#3!13&0B/ They will not go. 63)0B!13&0B/ They will not sleep.
/1(==!13&0B/ they will not strike. =&1(==!13&0B/ They will not drink.
Vocabulary
(013(:! India jananga people
=(*/==& East =(*/==" in the East
7">=&, West 7">=" in the west
vadakku North 2/1/==" in the North
therku South 63*>=" in the South.
=!C/7 time (long) 0">/7 time (short)
ghavanam care, attention B3/2/0/7! carefully
2(63:!+/7 difference 2(63:!+/7!0/ different (adj)
8/$/7 money 8/$/==!>/0 rich man
=&*/013*.$8(CC/( child 8/$/==!>( rich woman
!0 male 8*$ female, girl
="C2( question 9>" the same
/0"3/7! almost, mostly 7!13(>( sort, kind, type.
82
Adi’s Book.
H39==!.$H3/66* shirt choli blouse
8#66&=9%.$&1&6363&=9% wear, put on 63&$(0B/ clothes
=/66(==9% wear(sari, dhoti)
thirumbu(w.in) turn (int) thiruppu(w.in) turn (tr)
iduppu waist, hip
Short Sentences.
4#$0!7$0!(6363&=(*/7*$2"C*$+*(:/$8#3/7!66#7.$"0(00!$0!(6363&=(*/7*$0/7/==&$2"C*$(CC*#
We will not go to work on Sunday, because on Sunday we have no work.
;#$8/$/==!>/0(1/7$P!+63($8/$/7$(>&==&7# The rich man will have lots of money.
@#$(13&$&0B/%&1*:/$=&*/013*:!L$$=&*/013*$8">$:*00/L
Is this your child? What is the child’s name.
D#$&0B/%&==&$*6363/0*$=&*/013*$(>&==&13&L
How many chidren do you have.
!#$*00/==&$7)0&$=&*/013*e$>*$1&$8/(:/0$9>&$8*$$(>&==&13&#
I have three children; there are two boys, one girl.
F#$/2/0B/%&==&$8">/0B/$0/>!:/0/0.$!0/01.$=/7/C!$(>&==&13&#
Their names are Narayanan, Anand and Kamala.
Y#$(013/$=&*/013*==&$2/:/+&$*00/L How old is this child?
Z#$(13&==&$2/:/+&$0!C&#$J(13&==&$0!C&$2/:/+&#K#
It is 4 years old.
[#$(889$&0B/%&==!3/$9>&$="C2($(>&==&13&# Now here is a question for you.
4"#$9>&$=(C9C*$*6363/0*$2/*/8/*/7$(>&==&7L How many plantains are in one kilo?
44#$/13&$0/CC!$="%2(.$(CC*:!L That is a good question, is it not?
4;#$>97?/$0/CC/$="%2(13!0.$!0!$=/+36/7!0/$="%2(#
A very good question indeed, but a difficult question.
4@#$+&C/?/7!0/$="%2($/8>/7$="88"0# I will ask an easy question later.
4D#$13/:/2&+*(13&$(013/$="C2(==&$(889$?/13(C$+9CC&0B/#
Please reply now to this question.
4!#$*013/$8!1/7$&0B/%&==&$+&C/?/7!$(>&==&13&L
Which lesson is easy for you?
83
Adi’s Book.
4F#$*0/==&$+(C/$="%2($+&C/?/7.$+(C/$="%2($=/+36/7
Some lessons are easy and some are hard for me.
4Y#$&0B/%&==&$*CC!7$8!1/7&7 sulabam. All the lessons are easy for you.
(all the lessons, without exception).
4Z#$0(0B/$(013(:!C*$*2%/2&$=!C/7! (*2%/2&$0!%!) irukringa?
How long have you been in India?
4[#$0!0$(013(:!C*$>*$1&$2/>&+3/7!$(>&=>"0# I have been here since two years
(I have been here for two years).
;"#$!+8/63>(C*$0(0B/$*2%/2&$0">/7$(>&88(0B/L
How long will you be at the hospital?
;4#$0!0$!+8/63>(C*$(00&7$7)0&$7/$($0">/7$(>&88"0#
I will be in the hospital for three hours more.
;;#$6!7?/>/7$H3*00/(==&$*013/$8/==/7$(>&==&13&L
On which side of Chennai is Tambaram.
;@#$H3*00/(==&$6!7?/>/7$63*>=&$8/==/7$(>&==&13&#$/13*$H3*00/(==&$63*>="$(>&==&13&#
Tambaram is on the South side of Chennai. It is South of Chennai.
;D#$0!7$7/13&>*==&$2/1/="$(>&=>#7# We are North of Madurai.
;!#$7&13/C*$=(*/==*$8#0B/.$/8>/7$63*>="$63(>&7?&0B/#
First go to the East, then turn to the South.
;F#$(889$*0$8/==/7$63(>&7?&0B/#$$/81($63(>&7?3!1(0B/#
Now turn towards me. Don’t turn that way.
;Y#$0">/$8#0B/#$(013/$8/==/7$/013/$8/==/7$63(>&7?3!13(0B/#
Go straight. Don’t turn this side or that.
;Z#$/2/>$0!%/==($(0B*$2/>/7!66!># He will not come here tomorrow.
;[#$(13&$>97?/$0/CC/$0!(.$/13&$=/1(==!13&# This is a very good dog, it will not bite.
@"#$(013/$8)0*:&7$8!C$=&1(==&7!LT *Will this cat also drink milk?
*This is also a proverb, similar in meaning to ‘butter wouldn’t melt in his mouth’.
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84
Adi’s Book.
F; Foreigner, I: Indian.
_#$&0B/$13"+/63C*$!$&0B/$*00/$63&$(0B/$8#66&=9%>!0B/L
What clothes do men wear in your country?
U#$*0B/$13"+/63C*$!$&0B/$>97?/$8">$13#6($=/66&=9%>!0B/.$+(C/$8">$8/06$&1&6363&=9%>!0B/#
In our country many wear a dhoti, some wear pants. (trousers)
_#$8*$$&0B/$*00/$2(13/7!0/$63&$(0B/$8#66&==9%2!0B/L
What kind of clothes do women wear?
U#$/0"3/7!$8*$$&0B/$*CC!7$+"C*$J8&1/2*K$=/66(==9%>!0B/.$!0!$(889$+*C2/$=/7(+*$(>&==&63&#
Almost all the women wear sarees, but now the selva kamise is here.
_#$(013(:!$*CC!7$P/0/0B/%&==&$9>"$7!13(>($63&$(13!0!L
Do people dress the same way throughout India?
U#$(CC*.$9>"$7!13(>(:!$(CC*.$+(C/$(1/0B/CC*$2(63:!+/7!$63&$(0B/$8#66&==9%>!0B/#
No, not all the same way, they dress differently in some places.
_#$/2/0B/$(1&88&==&$7"C*$*00/$8#66&==9%>!0B/L
What do they wear above the waist?
U#$!0&0B/$(1&88&==&$7"C*$H39==/:&7.$8*$$&0B/$H3#C(:&7$&1&6363&==9%>!0B/#
The men wear shirts and the women wear cholies above the waist.
0(0B/$7/>/8/1(:&7$="%2(0B/$="88(0B/%!L$$(CC*.$0!0$*CC!$="%2(0B/%&7$="==/7!66"0#
(013/$8*$$=&*/013*==&$2/:/+&$*00/L$$:*0&1*:/$8*$$2/:/+&$>*$1&#
/013/$+/0B3/1($*0/==&$+9CC/7!66(0B/%!L$$0!0$(889$8"+/7!66"0.$*0/==&$2"C*$(>&==&13&#
+/>(.$&0B/$2"C*:*$B3/2/0/7!$+*(0B/#$$0!0$/8>/7$2/>"0#
/2/>$($$/=($&0B/%&==&$8/$/7$=91&==/7!66!>#$0!0$&0B/%&==&$8/$/7$/1(==/1($63/>/7!66"0#
/2/0B/$>97?/$0">/7$(0B*$(>&==/7!66!0B/#$$/2/>$(013/$)>C*$>97?/$=/C/7!$J0!%!K$(>&=>!>#
(013/$0!($/1(==/1($(0B*$2/>!13&.$+(C/$+/7/:/713!0$2/>&7#
/013/$=&*/013*$(889$8!1!13&.$0!%/==($+!(0B!C&7$8!1&7#
/2/$/==!$=)1/$($$/==($8!1/7!66!#$$$$$*0B/$8)0*$+!13/7$+!88(1!13&.$8!C13!0$=&1(==&7#
8/$/==!>/0&==&$P!+63($8/$/7$(>&==&13&.$!0!$+/013#+3/7$(CC*#
85
Adi’s Book.
/1&6363/$2!>/7$0!0$H3*00/(==&$8#3/7!66"0#$$$0!0$/2/>*$63(>&7?/$=)88(1/7!66"0#
0!0B/$/2%/2&$13)>/7$0/1/==/7!66#7#$$$0(0B/$(013/$/>*C*$63)0B/7!66(0B/C!L
&0B/$8&+63/3/7$7"+*$7"C*$(>&==!13!L$$$/2/>$8/H3H3*$63/$$(C*$=&%(==/7!66!>#
0!0B/$:*8892&7$8/3/CC*$63)0B/7!66#7#$$$=&*/013*0B/$7/13:!0/63C*$2(%/:!1/7!66/0B/
0(0B/$=/13/2*$+/>(:!$7)1/7!66(0B/#$$$&0B/$8/1/6363*$*0/==&$=!66/7!66(0B/%!L
&0B/%&==!3/$/2/>$63(>&7?/$8!1/7!66!>#$$$*0$8&+63/3/6363*$0!%/==($/0&88/7!66(0B/%!L
(013/$2!>/7$*0/==&$=/1(13/0B/$2/>!13&#$$$/013/$8"0!$0/CC/$J+/>(:/K$**&13/13&
=*66/$0!($=/1(==&7.$0/CC/$0!($=/1(==!13&#$$$*0$8*66(:*$63(>/==/7!66"0.$/8>/7$63(>/88"0#
=!88($=90P/7$+(=>/7$63/:!>$+*(:/7!66(0B/C!L$$$+/>(.$(88913!0$+*(:/$8#>"0#
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
86
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 25.
NOUNS & PRONOUNS &$U\%ARd`b\ANc$gN%b#
‘BY MEANS OF’, ‘WITH’.
& VERBS,
‘SHOULD’, ‘SHOULD NOT’, ‘MUST’, ‘MUST NOT’.
‘By Means Of ’, ‘With’.

\9&0+$/01$8>909&0+$&+*$1*HC*0+(90/C$?/+*$8C&+$$,!C*-#
Nouns.
8"0!2!C* with the pen =/6363(:!C* with the knife
Nouns ending in ‘m’ and ‘ru’ change to ‘thth’.

Nouns ending in ‘du’ change to ‘tt’.
pusthaham 8&+63/3/6363!C* with the book

kayiru =/:(6363!C* with the string
7!1& 7!66!C* with the ox
The translation ‘with’ in the appropriate places can be replaced by

‘by means of’, and also sometimes by ‘because of’ or ‘on account of’,
as seen in sentences 8, 10, and 11.
Pronouns.
0!0 *00!C* 0!7$ 0/7!C*
0!0B/ *0B/%!C*
0( &00!C* 0(0B/ &0B/%!C*
avan /2/0!C* avanga /2/0B/%!C*
ava /2/%!C*
avar /2/>!C*
adhu /13!C* adhunga /13&0B/%!C*
87
Adi’s Book.
‘Should’, ‘Should Not’, ‘Must’, ‘Must Not’.
‘Should’
‘Should’ is expressed by Infinitive plus ,$um’ for any verb,
regardless of number, gender or person.
8#3/$&7 should go 2!+(==/$&7 should read
J(0'(0(6(2*$8C&+$,$&7-$/C+9$*)8>*++*+$,0**1-.$>*'#$C*++90$;FK#
‘Should Not’
‘Should not’ is expressed by Infinitive plus ,=)1!13&- for any verb,
regardless of number, gender or person.
8#3/=)1!13& should not go 2!+(==/=)1!13& should not read
‘Must’, ‘Must Not’
These are expressed as above,
?&6$(0$?963$89+(6(2*$/01$0*B/6(2*$'9>7+$63*$G9>1$$$,=/66!:/7-$$$8>*H*1*+$63*$(0'(0(6(2*#
0!0$/2/>*$=/66!:/7$8!>==/$&7# I must see him.
0(0B/$(013/$8!C*$=/66!:/7$=&1(==/=)1!13&# You must not drink this milk.
Vocabulary
udhe kick (n) +!7!0 thing(s), article(s)
udhe (s.th) kick manni (s.th) forgive
aru (s.th) cut (with a knife) vettu (w.in) cut (with an axe)
Short Sentences.
4#$8/(:/0B/$8/013*$=!C!C*$&13*=>!0B/#
The boys are kicking the ball with the legs. (feet).
;#$/2/>$>966(:*$=/6363(:!C*$/>&=>!># He is cutting the bread with the knife.
@#$0(0B/$(013/$=/6363(:!C*$7/>/63*$/>&==/=)1!13&#
You should not cut wood with this knife.
D#$/2/>$*CC!$8!1/0B/%&7$=/66!:&7$8/1(==/$&7#
He must study all the lessons.
!#$0!7$63/7(*$>97?/$7*13&2!$8"+/==&1!13&#
We should not speak Tamil very slowly.
88
Adi’s Book.
F#$/013/77!$(00&7$0/CC/$63/7(*$8"+/$&7# That lady should speak better Tamil.
Y#$0!0$*0BC(+3$/1(==/1($=/66!:&7$8"+/==&1!13&# I must not speak English often.
Z#$/2/>!C*$0!0$+(C/$+/7/:/7$(0B*$2!>"0# I am coming here sometimes because of him.
[#$0(0B/$*00*$=/66!:/7$7/00(==/$&7# You must forgive me.
4"#$*00!C*$&0B/%&==&$(013/$=/+36/7.$(CC*:!L
You have this trouble because of me, haven’t you?
44#$&0B/%!C*$9>&$=/+36/7&7$(CC*.$2/>&6363/88/1!13(0B/#
There is no trouble at all on account of you, don’t worry.
4;#$0(0B/$(013/$2"C*:*$B3/2/0/7!$+*(:/$&7# You should do this work carefully.
4@#$0!0$!+8/63>(==&$8#3/$*013/$8/==/7$63(>&7?/$&7L
Which way should I turn to go to the hospital?
4D#$7&13/CC*$0">/$8#3/$&7.$/8>/7$2/C/13&$8/==/7$63(>&7?/$&7#
You should first go straight, then turn to the right (side).
4!#$(1/63&$8/==/7$63(>&7?/=)1!13&# You should not turn to the left (side).
4F#$*0B/$0/CC/$8)0*:*$0($/1(==/=)1!13&# You should not hit our nice cat.
4Y#$&0B/%&==&$:!>$8/$/7$=91&==/$&7L Who should give you money?
4Z#$/2/>&==&$0(0B/$(2%/2&$8/$/7$=91&==/=)1!13&#
You should not give him this much money.
4[#$0!0$(889$:*00/$=&1(==/$&7.$=!88(:!$8!C!L
What should I drink now, coffee or milk?
;"#$0($(889$P!+63($8!C$=&1(==/=)1!13&# You should not drink much milk now.
;4#$0!0$6($=&1/$=&1(==/=)1!13!L Should I not drink even tea?
;;#$63/7?(.$0($:"0$+/1313/7!$8"+>*L$$(0B*$/81($8"+/=)1!13&#
Little brother, why are you talking loudly. You should not speak like that here.
;@#$0!7$=!C/7*$(0B*$*66&$7/$(==&$=/66!:&7$(>&==/$&7#
We must be here at 8 o’clock in the morning.
;D#$(013/$/>*$:*88#2&7$+&1313/7!$(>&==/$&7# This room should always be clean.
;!#$0(0B/%%!7$2(66&==&$2*%(:*$2(%/:!1/$&7#$$2(66&==&%%*$2(%/:!1/==)1!13&#
All of you should play outside the house. You should not play inside.
-------------------------
89
Adi’s Book.
Leaving the Railway Station.
T: Traveller, A: Autorickshaw Driver.
A#$(13&$&0$2/01(:!L Is this your vehicle?
N#$!7/0B/.$0(0B/$:*0B*$8#3/2"$&7L Yes sir, where do you want to go?
A#$0!0$+/(1!8*66/(==&$8#3/2"$&7#$*2%/2&$8/$/7$="=>*#
I want to go to Saidhapet. How much money do you want?
N#$+/(13!8*66/($>97?/$13)>/7#$0)>&$>)?!$=91&0B/#
Saidapet is a long way. Give me 100 rupees.
A#$0!0$/2%/2&$8/$/7$=91&==/7!66"0#$$/7?/63&$>)?!$=91&88"0#
I will not give that much money. I will give 50 rupees.
N#$(CC*0B/.$0!0$/7?/63&$>)?!==&$/2%/2&$13)>/7$2/>/7!66"0#
No sir, I will not come (go) that far for 50 Rupees.
A#$&00#1&$8"+/$*0/==&$0">/7$(CC*#$0($8#3/C!7#
I don’t have time to talk to you. You may go.
N#$/(:!.$!>&?/63/0P&$=91&0B/#$$+(=>/7$8#3/C!7#
Sir, give sixty five. We may go quickly. (Quick, let’s go).
*00(1/63C*$&0B/$8&+63/3/7$(CC*.$&0B/%(1/713!0$(>&==&7#$$0(0B/$/81($8"+/=)1!13&#
/2/>&7$/81($+9CC/=)1!13&#$$0!0$"0$/13"8#C/$+9CC/$&7L$$(13&$9>&$="C2(:!L
0!7$0/7&1*:/$=&*/013*==&$(13*8#C/$+!88!1&13!0$=91&==/$&7#
/2/0B/$P!+63($7(66!($/1(==/1($+!8(1/=)1!13&#
H3*00/(==&$8#3/$0(0B/$2/C/13&$8/==/7$63(>&7?&0B/#
0(0B/$0">/$8#3/=)1!13&.$(1/13&$8/==/7$63(>&7?/=)1!13&#
(013/$H3(00/$2"C*:*$+*(:/$(2%/2&$0">/7$(>&==/=)1!13&#
(13*$>97?/$2"3/7!$+*(:/$&7.$7*13&2!$+*(:!13(0B/#
/(:!.$0(0B/$63/7(*$2"3/7!$2/+(==/$&7$**&63/$&7$8"+/$&7#
63/7(*$(81($>97?/$7*13&2!$8"+/=)1!13&#
0(0B/$(889$/013/$2"C*:*$+*(:/2"$!7.$6($63/:!>$+*(:/2"$&7#
0!0$+(=>/7$2*%(:*$8#3/0&7#$J8#3/2"$&7K#
90
Adi’s Book.
63/7?(.$/013/$+!7!0*$:"0$=!C!C*$&13*=>*L$$/13*$/81($=!C!C*$&13*==/=)1!13&#
0(0B/13!0$2!>/713#>&7$8!66&$8!1/$&7#$$8!66*$*8892&7$>97?/$+/1313/7!$8!1/=)1!13&#
0!0$($$/==($/0"3/$=/1(13/0B/$**&13/$&7#$$0(0B/$*CC!7$=/+36/7!0/$="%2($="==/=)1!13&#
/2/>$63/8!C$!8(+&==&$8#3/$&7.$+(=>/7$2!0B/#$$0(0B/$+(=>/7$?/13(C$+9CC/$&7#
8/%%(=)1/6363&==&$(013/$2/*(C*13!0$8#3/$&7#$$8/$/7$="==/$*00(1/7$2/>/=)1!13&#
0!0$>97?/$=*66/2/0.$0(0B/$*00*$7/00(==/=)1!13&#
>966(:*$*13!C*$/>&==/$8#>(0B/L$$(013/$=/6363(:!C*13!0$>966(:*$/>&==/$&7#
=!(1/6363*$=/6363(:!C*$/>&==/=)1!13&#
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
91
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 26.
NOUNS & PRONOUNS &$,QUAa-.l
VERBS.&#$,\bbi-.$$,\bbi$\EA-#
‘With’, (Accompanied, Associated).

\9&0+$/01$8>909&0+$&+*$1*HC*0+(90/C$?/+*$8C&+$$,#1&-#
Nouns.
8"0!2#1& with the pen =/6363(:#1& with the knife

pusthaham 8&+63/3/6363#1& with the book

kayiru =/:(6363#1& with the string
7!1& 7!66#1& with the ox
Pronouns.
0!0 *00#1& 0!7$ 0/7#1&
0!0B/ *0B/%#1&
0( &00#1& 0(0B/ &0B/%#1&
avan /2/0#1& avanga /2/0B/%#1&
ava /2/%#1&
avar /2/>#1&
adhu /13/0#1& adhunga /13&0B/%#1&
‘Need, Need Not’, also ‘should, should not’
A3*+*$/>*$*)8>*++*1$?:$/11(0B$$,2"$&7-$$/01$$,2"$!7-$$>*+8*H6(2*C:$69$63*$U0'(0(6(2*.
regardless of number, gender and person.
+*(:/$&7 need to do, should do p#3/2"$!7 need not go, should not go
-------------------------
92
Adi’s Book.
Vocabulary
"8892&7 always ,"8892&7-$8C&+$/0:$0*B/6(2* never
&1/0" at once, immediately H3(66& chit, note.
nimisham minute 2(0!1(.$091( second (n)
(009>&.$2">9>& another (adj) inno$$&.$2">9$$& another (one, thing)(n)
+!==& excuse, pretext +!==&$+9C$JG#0K make excuse, (false?)
7!C* mountain 63*0$(013(:! South India
">( lake padahu boat
/*/3& beauty /*/3!0/ beautiful
Short Sentences.
4#$(2/>#1&$8#0B/#$(2/>$&0B/%&==&$=/1*:*$=!66&2!>#
Go with this person. he will show you the shop.
;#$/2/>$&0B/%#1&$8"+/7!66!>#$$*00#1&$8"+&0B/#
He will not speak with you. Speak with me.
@#$0!0$19H69>*$8!>==/$&7#$$/2/>*$8!>==/C!7!L
I should see the doctor. may I see him?
D#$0(0B/$(889$/2/>*$=/66!:/7$8!>==/$&7! Must you see him now?
!#$!7!.$0!0$/2/>*$=/66!:/7$8!>==/$&7#$$&1/0"$8/>==/$&7#
Yes, I must see him. I should see him immediately.
F#$+/>(.$/0B*$&==!>&0B/#$$(0B*$0(==/=)1!13&#Alright, sit there. You should not stand here.
Y#$/2/>$2">9>&$19H69>#1&$8"+>!>#$$=90P/7$(>&0B/#
He is talking with another doctor. Just (please) wait.
Z#$63/7?($(013/$8/(:/0#1&$:*8892&7$2(%/:!1!13*#
Little brother, never play with this boy.
[#$0/CC/$8/(:/0B/$=*66/$8/(:/0B/C#1&$2(%/:!1/7!66!0B/#
Good boys will not play with the bad boys.
4"#$(013/$8&+63/3/6363*$&0B/%#1&$=901&8#3/2"$!7#
You need not take this book with you.
93
Adi’s Book.
44#$(13*$8/1(==/$&0B/%&==&$(+36/7$(>&==!13&#
You will not like to read this.
4;#$0!0$(009>&$8&+63/3/7$=91&88"0#$$0(0B/$/13*$8/1(==/C!7#
I will give another book. You may read that.
4@#$0/CC/$8&+63/3/6363*$P/+63($+(=>/7!$8/1(==/=)1!13&#$$B3/2/0/7!13!0$8/1(==/$&7#
You should not study a good book too quickly. You should study carefully.
4D#$+/>(.$0!0$(13*$B3/2/0/7!13!0$8/1(88"0#$$(13*$>97?/$2"3/7!$8/1(==/7!66"0#
Okay, I will study it carefully. I will not study it very quickly.
4!#$/1&63/$2!>/7$(013/$8&+63/3/6363#1&$*00(1/7$2!0B/#
Next week come to me with this book.
4F#$/889$(13*8/63($0!7$>*$1&$8">&7$8"+&2#7#
Then both of us will speak about this.
4Y#$0/77#1&$+!88(1/$(00&7$:!>$2/>!0B/L Who else is coming to eat with us?
4Z#$(13&$:!>$H3(66&L$$(013/$H3(66#1&$:*0B*$8#>(0B/L
Whose chit is this? Where are you going with this chit?
4[#$(013/$H3(66*$0!0$**&63/C*# I did not write this chit.
;"#$13/:/2&+*(63&$(13*$/2/>(1/7$&1/0"$=901&8#0B/#
Please take this to him at once.
;4#$:*00*$(889$=)88(1/2"$!7#$$:*00/==&$P!+63($2"C*$(>&==&13&#
You need not call me now. I have a lot of work.
;;#$/1&63/$7!+/7$0(0B/$*0/==&$=/66!:/7$/013/$8/$/7$=91&==/$&7#
You must give me that money next month
;@#$0(0B/$+!==&$+9CC/=)1/13& You should not make (false?) excuses.
;D#$0(0B/$0/CC/$+/7/H3H3!>/6363#1&$2/>(0B/.$(CC*:!#
You are coming with good news, is it not?
;!#$:*0$=/1(1/6363#1&$63/8!C$!8(+&==&$8#0B/#
Go to the post office with my letter.
-------------------------
94
Adi’s Book.
Discussing Summer Resorts.
F: Foreigner, I: Indian
_#$(013(:!C*$=#1/($=!C/6363&==&$*0B*$8#3/C!7L
Where can one go for the summer in India?
U#$2/1/$(013(:!C*$+(C/$(1/7&7$63*0$(013(:!C*$+(C/$(1/7&7$(>&==&13&#
There are some places in North India and some in South India.
_#$0!0$63*0$(013(:!2&==&$8#3/$&7#$$63*0$(013(:!C*$>97?/$/*/3!0/$(1/7$*13&L
I should go to South India. Which is the most beautiful place in South India?
U#$63*0$(013(:!C*$0(C/B(>($7/C*:&7$=#1/(=!0/C$7/C*:&7$>97?/$/*/3!0/$(1/0B/#
In South India the Nilgiri Hills and Kodaikanal Hills are very beautiful.
$$$/13&0B/$=)C(>H3(:!0/$(1/0B/$=)1/# They are cool places also.
_#$2/1/$(013(:!C*$>97?/$>97?/$/*/3!0/$(1/0B/$*13&L
In North India which are the most beautiful places?
U#$=!+37(>13!0$2/1/$(013(:!C*$>97?/$/*/3!0/$(1/7#$$0(0B/$=!+37(>*$=/66!:/7$8/>==/$&7#
Kashmir is the most beautiful place in North India. You must see Kashmir.
_#$0(C/B(>(:(C&7$=#1/(=!0/C(C&7$">(0B/$(>&==&13!L
Are there lakes in the Nilgiris and Kodaikanal?
U#$!7!$(>&==&13&#$$=#1/(=!0/C$">(13!0$>97?/$/*/3!0/$">(#$$/13&C*$8/1/3&0B/$(>&==&13&#
Yes, there are. Kodaikanal lake is indeed a very beautiful lake. There are boats on it.
-------------------------
0(0B/$(013/$2"C*:*$"0$&1/0"$+*(:/=&1!13&#$ =90P/7$(>&0B/.$0!0$9>&$2(0!1(C*$2!>"0#
0!0$(009>&$2"C*$=91&==/$&7.$(013/$2"C*:*$+(=>/7$+*(0B/#
0!7$&0B/C*$8/63&$0(7(+3/6363&==&$/8>/7$8!>==/C!7!L
(013/$2"C*$+*(:/$&0B/%&==&$*6363/0*$0(7(+3/7$2"$&7L
*0/==!3/$0(0B/$(009$$&=)1/$=/66!:/7$+*(:/$&7#$ $$$$$$13/:/2&+*(13&$+!==&$+9CC!13(0B/#
,0!0$(13*$+*(:/7!66"0-$*8892&7$+9C!13(0B/#$$$$$$0(0B/$0!C/==($=#2(C&==&$:!>#1&$8#>(0B/L
0!($=&66(:#1&$2(%/:!1/$*0/==&$>97?/$(+36/7#$ *CC!>#1&7$*8892&7$63/7(*C*$8"+&0B/#
95
Adi’s Book.
0!0$=)1/$*0BC(+3C*$/1(==/1($8"+/=)1!13&# $$$$$$:!>$&0B/%#1&$2"C*$+*(>!0B/L
(013/$=&*/013*:#1&$=/1*==&$8#0B/# $$$$8!C#1&$8/*/7&7$+!88(1&0B/#
19H69>#1&$9>&$8*$$>97?/$2*3/7!$8#>/# (013/$=/1(13/6363#1&$/2/>(1/7$8#0B/#
/2/>$?/13(C#1&$63(>&7?/$2/>/$&7.$63*>(:&7!L
+(C/$+/7/:/7$0!0$+!63/6363#1&$H3/88!6363(:&7$+/88(1>"0#
7"+*$7"C*$8&+63/3/6363#1&$=!(13/7&7$2/(0B/# 8"0!2#1&$8*0H(C&7$=901&2!0B/#
($$/==($7/**:#1&$=!6363&7$>97?/$/1(==&13&#$$$$$13/:/2&+*(13&$8)2#1&$(C*:&7$=901&2/#
&0B/C#1&$63/7(*$8"+/$*0/==&$>97?/$+/013#+3/7#
=&*/013*0B/%#1&$2(%/:!1/$*0/==&$*8892&7$>97?/$+/013#+3/7#
0!:#1&$8)0*:&7$>97?/$0">/7$2(%/:!1/13&#$$$$$(013/$8!1/6363#1&$(009>&$8!1/7$8/1(0B/#
+&1/$63/$$(:#1&$=90P/7$8/H3H3*$63/$$(:&7$=901&2!0B/#
(0B*$>*$1&$0!==!C(:#1&$9>&$7"+*:&7$8#1&0B/#$ $$/2/>$($$/==($/2/0B/%#1&$8#3/7!66!>#
&0B/%#1&$&0B/$/77!2&7$H3*00/(==&$2/>!0B/C!L
/$$/0#1&$63/7?(:&7$/==!2#1&$63/0B/H3H3(:&7$>*$1&$!66#C*$8#>/0B/C!L
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
96
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 27.
NOUNS AND PRONOUNS
ABLATIVE CASE, ‘FROM’,
&
‘CAN’, ‘CANNOT’, ‘COULD’, ‘COULD NOT’.
‘From.
Inanimate Nouns use noun plus ‘ilirundhu’.
8"0!2(C(>&013& from the pen kaththiyilirundhu from the knife
As we have seen before:-
pusthaham pusthahaththilirundhu from the book
kayiru kayiththilirundhu from the string
2(1& 2(66(C(>&013& from the house
Animate Nouns, and Pronouns.
Animate Nouns, use noun plus ‘idamirundhu’.
>!7/0 >!7/0(1/7(>&013& from Raman.
pasu pasuvidamirundhu from the cow.
Pronouns,
use declensional base plus ‘idamirundhu’ similarly, to give ‘from’ – (me, you, them, etc.).
0!0 ennidamirundhu 0!7$ namidamirundhu
0!0B/ *0B/%(1/7(>&013&
0( unnidamirundhu 0(0B/ &0B/%(1/7(>&013&
avan avanidamirundhu avanga /2/0B/%(1/7(>&013&
ava /2/%(1/7(>&013&
avar avaridamirundhu
adhu adhanidamirundhu adhunga /13&0B/%(1/7(>&013&
Adverbs:- plus ‘irundhu’
ingerundhu from here apdirundhu from that way
97
Adi’s Book.
‘Can’, ‘Cannot’, ‘Could’, ‘Could Not’.
Positives. regardless of number, gender, person:-

‘Can’ ‘am able to’ infinitive plus ‘mudiyum’ for present and future.
8#3/7&1(:&7 am able to go, can go
‘Could’ ‘was able to’ infinitive plus ‘mudindhadhu’ for past.

8#3/7&1(013/13& was able to go, could go.
Negatives. regardless of number, gender, person:-

‘Cannot’. ‘will not be able to’ infinitive plus ‘7&1(:!13&’ for future.
=&1(==/7&1(:!13& will not be able to drink, cannot drink.
‘Cannot’. ‘am not able to’ infinitive plus ‘mudiyale’ for present
kudikkamudiyale am not able to drink, cannot drink.
‘Could not’. ‘was not able to’ infinitive plus ‘mudiyale’ for past.
kudikkamudiyale was not able to drink, could not drink.
Vocabulary
">& climb up, get in irangu climb down, alight.
2/$1( vehicle parava ille never mind, no matter.
purappadu (w.tt) set out, start 2(*&$JG#013K fall, drop.
0(H3H3/:/7! certainly
Short Sentences.
4#$&0B/$13"+/6363(C(>&013&$&0B/%&==&$=/1(13/7$/1(==/1($2/>&63!L
Do you often get letters from your country?
;#$*0$/77!2(1/7(>&013&$*0/==&$/1(==/1($=/1(13/7$2/>&13&#
I often get letters from my mother.
@#$(013/$H3(66*$:!>(1/7(>&013&$=901&2/>(0B/L
From whom are you bringing this chit?
98
Adi’s Book.
D#$0!0$6397/+(1/7(>&013&$H3(66*$=901&8#>"0#
I am taking a chit from Thomas.
!#$0(0B/$(889$*0B(>&013&$2/>(0B/L Where are you coming from now?
F#$0!0$(889$0">/$*0$2(66(C(>&013&$2/>"0# I am coming straight from my house.
Y#$*2/>(1/7(>&013&$8&+63/3/0B/$=901&8#>(0B/L
From whom are you taking the books?
Z#$7"+*:(C(>&013&$*0$8&+63/3/0B/%*$*1&0B/#
Take my books from the table.
[#$2(66*$7"C*>&013&$=(**$8/>==!13(0B/# Do not look down from the house.
4"#$0/7$2!:(C(>&013&$*8892&7$0/CC/$2!>63*0B/$2/>/$&7#
Always good words should come from our mouth.
44#$(0B*>&013&$/0B*$/1(==/1($8#3/=)1!13&#
You should not often go from here to there.
4;#$0(0B/$(889$0/CC!$63/7(*$8"+/7&1(:&7# Now you can talk Tamil well.
4@#$!7!.$0!0$63/7(*$8"+/7&1(:&7.$!0!$0*63&$0/CC/$8"+/7&1(:/C*#
Yes, I can speak Tamil, but yesterday I could not speak well.
4D#$8/>2!$(CC*.$7&13/C*$7*13&2!$8"+&0B/# Never mind, speak slowly at first.
4!#$(13&$+&C/?/7/0/$8!1/7.$/13/0!C*$(13*$=/66!:/7$0(0B/$2/+(==/$7&1(:&7#
This is an easy lesson, so you can certainly read this.
4F#$0(0B/$0"63&$/063/$8&63&$2(1&$8!>==/7&1(013/13!L
Could you see that new house yesterday?
4Y#$!7.$/13*$8!>63"0#$$13/:/2&+*(63&$*00*$7/00(0B/.$0!0$&==!>/$7&1(:/C*.$0!0$8#3/$&7#
Yes, I saw it. Please forgive me , I cannot sit down, I should go.
4Z#$0(0B/$0!%/==($(0B*$63(>&7?/$2/>/7&1(:&7!L
Can you come here again tomorrow.
4[#$/2/0B/$(0B*$2*%%(=(*/7*$2/>/2"$!7.$:"0(00!$/$$/==($0!0$(0B*$2/>/7!66"0#
They need not come here on Friday, because I will not come here that day.
;"#$8/6363&$0(7(+3/63C*$6($63/:!>$+*(:/7&1(:&7!L
Can you make tea in ten minutes?
99
Adi’s Book.
;4#$0!0$/2%/2&$+(=>/7!$6($63/:!>$+*(:/7&1(:/13&#
I cannot make tea that quickly.
;;#$6($63/:!>$+*(:/$*0/==&$8/13(0/0P&$0(7(+3/7$2"$&7#
I need 15 minutes to make tea.
;@#$/1&6363/$2/>&+3/7$1*CC(:(C(>&013&$*0$/88!$2/>&2!>#
My father will come from Delhi next year.
;D#$&0B/%&==&$*889>&013&$7!>C*$2/C(==&13&L
Since when do you have pain in the chest.
Practical Conversation. - The Traveller’s Bungalow.
T: Traveller, L: Local Man, S: Servant.
A#$0!0$&1/0*$6>/2*CC*>+$?/0B/C#==&$8#3/$&7#$$/13&$(0B*>&013&$*2%/2&$13)>/7L
I must go to the travellers Bungalow at once. How far is it from here.
c#$/13&$(0B*>&013&$9>&$=(C97*6*>$13)>/63C*$(>&==&13&#$$H!>C*$/0P&$0(7(+3/7$8(1(==&7#
It is one kilometer from here. In the car it will take five minutes.
A#$0!0$*013/$8/==/7$8#3/$&7L$$(81($8#3/C!7!L
Which way should I go? May I go this way?
c#$/013/$8/==/7$8#3/2"$!7#$$(013/$2/*(:!$0">/$8#0B/#
You need not go that way. Go straight this way.
A#$0(0B/$*00#1&$2/>(0B/%!# Are you coming with me?
c#$(CC*.$0!0$:*0B*$8#3/7&1(:!13&.$*0(00!$0!0$(0B*$2"C*$+*(:/$(>&==/$&7#
No, I cannot go anywhere, because I should be here to work.
S. indha are; are pathinanju. This room; room fifteen.

A#$(013/$/>*$*0B/%&==&$8#63!63&#$$2">9>&$/>*$(>&==&13!#
This room is not enough for us. Is there another room?
%#$!7!.$*00(1/7$/13&==&$+!2($(CC*.$9>&$2(0!1(C*$=901&2/>"0#$$/13&==&%%*$&==!>&0B/#
Yes, that key is not with me, I will bring it in a second. Meanwhile please be seated.
-------------------------
100
Adi’s Book.
!"#$%&''!(%)!"#&''!(*%!+,&-$+"#$%$".+"%/0+"$1#+,.2
.3.+,.%.+,&-$+"#$%&4#4#.+&%(.$!//$%1$-.11."$3!+,.5
&++!".(!-$+"#$%$+,.%1$64#.#.(%&110%/0+"$1#-!+,.5
!110%1.-3!%!''&7%!+!%4#!-$(8.%!+"#.%(!4#!-!%6&!9./%"!"#$2
!+"#.%1!".4#4#&%+&+,.%6$'.8.(!%1."!//.($"!9$(2
9!-!".(!-$+"#$%!+"#.%6!(!+%/0+"$3!-!+,.5 &110-$+"#$%4#.(!'%1."!/-!+,.5
!1&6!'!-$+"#$%&110%4#!-$(8.%3.-.3!+,.5% .3.-%/.$$!'!-$+"#$%4#.$$!%3.-$"#$2
3&(!9!'!-$+"#$%-0(8.%6."#"#.(%3.-$"#$2 &+%.-&9!'!-$+"#$%$+,.(&%/%11!"-"+2
.+"#.%1.!9.+%(.-.4#4#!'!-$+"#$%3!'$3!+2 +!+%$+,.(&%1#'.%+.''.%1"6.($"!9!"#$2
+&+,.%!+,&%.+:$%+!(!6#.(%!-$//.%($"!9$(!5% 3.+"!'&%(&"#$3!%&'$+,.7%!1"!%&'$+,.2
+!+%$+,.(#"$%3"#.(!%+.".//.($"!9!"#$2 +!+%.3.-&%!$$./!%1!-//.($"!9!"#$2
3.+"!9!'!-$+"#$%6!(!+,.(&%6&/-.(%&"$+,.2 ."$4#.%3!-.(%+&+,.%3.-.($"!9!"#!5
!"#&1.4#!%+&+,.%+!;#;#.9.(!%60''.($"!9$(!5 +!+%6$".%4#.$$!'&%/$(!//.($"!9!"#$2
&+.//!#.%+&+,.%!+"#.%3"'&%6&!9.($"!9$(!5 !+"#.%-%8.%"+%/.!9!'!-$+"#$%3!'$"#$5
!+"#.%/$'.+"#&%+.''!%+.".//$%($"!9$(!5 !110%$+,.%3&44!'!-$+"#$%3.-!+,.(!5
!+"#.%3!/9.4#4#&%+!+%4#.(!'&%60''.($"!9!"#$2 4#.(8!7%$+.//$%4#.(!'%4#&-!9$(!5
/%"&9!'!-$+"$%/$"&9&%&"$+,.2 +&%4#.(!'&%1"6.($"!9$(!5
$+,.($//$%/."&9!'!-$+"#$%1.'.+,.%/0+"$3.-$3"+2
4#.+,.;#;#!7%("6&9&%("'&%$//!-!"#&7%/&-&%!-.+,$2
(.-$1."!9$(%("6&%("'&%"-./$"!"#$2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
101
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 28.
NOUNS AND PRONOUNS
LOCATIVE CASE, ‘IN’, ‘AT’
‘In’, ‘At’.
Inanimate Nouns use noun plus ‘le’.
arele in the room ("6&'& in the table (drawer).
As seen before:-
Nouns ending in ‘m’ and ‘ru’ change to ‘th’.
6!"#.( 6!"#.4#'& in the rice
!-$ !4#'& in the river
3&"$ 3&44'& in the house
Animate Nouns, use noun plus ‘idam’ or ‘idathle’.

-!(.+ -!(.+!".( in Raman,
Note this is also used for the posessive form:- ‘in Raman’s possession’.
Pronouns,
use declensional base plus ‘idam’ or ‘idathle’ similarly for ‘in’ – (me, you, them, etc.),
as seen here:-
+!+ ennidathle +!(% namidathle
+!+,. &+,.(!".4#'&
+& unnidathle +&+,. $+,.(!".4#'&
avan avanidathle avanga .3.+,.(!".4#'&
ava .3.(!".4#'&
avar avaridathle
adhu adhanidathle adhunga ."#$+,.(!".4#'&
and similarly in the above, using ‘idam’ to give ennidam, namidam, etc.
-------------------------
102
Adi’s Book.
Vocabulary
/%44.( meeting, assembly pala-sarakku provisions (grain.etc.)
3.'.//.( habit, custom manushar man, woman
railvandi train kudhire horse
/.$$!"! glass, mirror (%//$</.$$!"! eye-glasses, spectacles
nalladhu is good, that’s good kettadhu is bad, that’s bad
alladhu or illena if not, otherwise
6$(!-7%;#$(!- approximately 6$(!-.%!-$ to feel better (in health)
marunthu medicine uyaram height
Short Sentences.
=2%!+"#.%%-'&%1&-!9.%!61.4#-!%&+,&%!-$//$"#$5 Where is the big hospital in this place?
>2%."#$%!+,&-$+"#$%-0(8.%"#%-.4#'&%!-$//$"#$2 That is far away from here.
?2%."#$%&4#4#.+&%/!'0(&4&-%"#%-.4#'&%!-$//$"#$5 How many kilometers away is it?
@2%!+"#.%!".4#4#!'!-$+"#$%6$(!-%.+:$%/!'0(&4&-%"#%-.(2
It is about five kilometers away from this place.
A2%&+"#.%3.+"!'&%1#-!+,.7%(!44$%3.+"!'!%/$"#!-&%3.+"!'!5
By which cart are you going, by bullock cart or horse cart?
B2%+!+%!40'&%1#-&+7%"+!++!%+!+%.3'.3$%"#%-.(%+.".//.($"!9!"#$
I am going in an auto, because I can’t walk that distance.
C2%&++!".(%-0(8.%1.$.(%!-$//$"#$D%."#.+!'&%+!+%;!-'&%1#3"+2
I have a lot of money, so I will go in a car.
E2%3"'%-!'!-$+"#$%.+,&%1##.%&3(.3$%1.$.(%3"$$(5
How much money is needed to go there from Vellore?
F2%4#.(8!7%$+!".4#'&%6!'.%/&44.%3.'.//.+,.%!-$//$"#$2
Little brother , you have some bad habits.
=G2%+.''."#$3!5%%!''&7%-0(8.%/&44."#$"#!+2
Is that good? No, indeed it is very bad.
==2%+&%&1103$(%+.''!%3.'.//.("#!+%/.4#4#$/0((.$$(2
You should always learn only good habits.
103
Adi’s Book.
=>2%+!+%!"#&1.4#!%(.-$1."!9$(%$++#"$%1"6.(!44"+2
I will not speak again about this with you.
=?2%$+,.''$//$%/!11!'&%;#.//.-&%3"$$(!5
Do you want sugar in your coffee?
=@2%&++.//$%/!11!'&%1!'$(%;#.//.-&9$(%/.44!9.(%3"$$(2
I must have milk and sugar in my coffee.
=A2%.+"#.%1&44!9"%.1"!%1#"./$"!"#$2
You should not throw that box that way.
=B2%."#$'&%.+"#.%/.$$."!%6!(!+%!-$//$"#$2
There are many glass things in it.
=C2%."#&%-0(8.%(&"#$3!%/!'&%3.!//.$$(2
You should put that down very gently.
=E2%1#+.%-&$"$%3!-.(%+!+,.%"+%3"'&//$%3.-.'&5
Why did you not come to work for the last two weeks?
=F2%+!+%3.-.'&%"+!++!%&+.//$%:#-.(2
I did not come because I had fever.
>G2%$+,.($//$%4#.'&%3.'!%&"$//$"#!5
Do you have headache?
>=2%+!+%"0;40-7%."#.+!'&%&++!".4#'&%&''!%6.+,#."!9$(%60''.$$(2
I am a doctor, you shuld tell me everything.
>>2%+.''.3.+,.%/&44."#$%6&!9.(!44!+,.2
Good people wil not do bad things.
>?2%;#!++.3.+,.%1&-!9.3.+,.%3!-4#&9&%/"//.$$(2
Youngsters should listen to the word of the elders.
>@2%&+%/.!'&%.110%1.$.(%!''&7%."#.+!'&%+!+%/.$$."!%3!+,.'&2
I had no money then, so I did not buy the mirror.
>A2%9!-!".4#'&%&+%1$64#.#.+,.%!-$//$4#$+,.5
Who has my books?
-------------------------
104
Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation. - At The Bazaar.
S: Stranger, M: Merchant.
S. kadetheru entha pakkam irukkudhu?
Which way is the bazaar?
H2%/."&4#&-$%/0+:.%"#%-.4#'&%!-$//$"#$2%."#$%/!44.%!''&2
The bazaar is some distance. It’s not near.
I2%%;!-%.+,&%1##.($"!9$(!7%.''."#$%+.".//.%3"$$(!5
Can the car go there, or need I walk?
H2%/."&4#&-$//$%$((&%;!-%1##.($"!9!"$7%"+!++!%-0(8.%:.++.+,.%!-$11!+,.2
The car can’t go inside the bazaar because there will be many people.
I2%%!"#&''!(%&++.%/."&+,.5 What are all these shops?
H2%!"#&''!(%1.'.<6.-.//$%/."&+,.2
These are all provision stores.
I2%%1%</."&7%1.'.</."&7%/!!</.-!</."&%&+,&%!-$/$"#$+,.5
Where are the flower fruit and vegetable shops?
H2%."#&''!(%!"#$//$%1!++!'&%!-$//$"#$+,.2%%3!+,.7%$+,.($//$%/!4-"+2
All those are behind this. Come along, I will show you.
I2%%+!+%/0+:.(%4#$$!%3!+,.$$(2%%3!+,.7%4#$$!</."&//$%1##.'!(2
I want to buy some material. Come, let us go to the cloth shop.
-------------------------
$+,.(!".4#'&%.+"#.%+.''.%3.'.//.(%!-$//$"#$2
+!+%.3.-#"$%+!(.//!%(%+$%/!'0(&4&-%+.".11"+2
&+.//$%/0+:.(%/!11!%.''.4#$%4&%3"$$(2
+&+,.%3.'.//.(1#'.%$+,.%3"'&%6&!+,.2
.3.-%/$"#!-&%("'&%3.-$3!-7%+!+%6.!//.''&%3.-$3"+2
3.$"!9!'!-$+"#$%6!(!+%&''!(%3&44$//$%/0+"$1#+,.2
&+%(%//$</.$$."!%/0+"$3!+,.7%.110"#!+%+!+%!"#&%3!6!//.($"!9$(2
!+"#.%/.$$."!%3&44'&%9!-%!-$//-!+,.5
105
Adi’s Book.
!+,&%!+$+,.%$//!-./%"!"#$7%1&$$$+,.%$//!-$3!+,.2
inge !(8.(&+,.%$//!-./%"!"#$7%10(8.(&+,.%$//!-$3!+,.2
(same meaning as previous sentence, but colloquial equivalent words)
+"4#$%&''!(%&+.//$%-0(8.%:0-.(2
+!+%:0-.4#$//!#.%(.-$+4#$%3!+,.%1#-"+2
+!'.//!%$+,.%:0-.(%6$(!-!%!-$//$(2
6$(!-%-&+"$%(!6.4#4#$//$%.1-.(%&++&%1.-$+,.2
9!-!".(!-$+"#$%!+"#.%/&44.%3.'.//.+,.%/.4#4#$/0(-&5
+!+%!++.//!%-&$"$%1!".4#4#$//$%("'&%1."!//.(!44"+2
$+,.(!".4#'&%+!;#;#.9.(%1.$.(%!-$//$"#$7%!''&9!5
$+,.%$9.-.(!+.%/$"#!-&%("'!-$+"#$%!-.+,$+,.2
ippo ennidathle andha nalla pusthaham irukkudhu.
&++.//$%!+"#.%6!//$%60''!"#!+,.2
0-$%+.''.%(%//$%/.$$!"!%!+"#.%%-'&%3!+,.%($"!9$(!5
+&+,.%6&/-.(%4#.(!'%/.4#4#$/0((.%($"!9$(%!++$%+!+%60(-"+2
!+"#.%1$64#.#.4#'&%$+,.'$//$%&+"#.%1!".(%+.''.%1!"!//$(5
+&+,.%!+"#.%/."&'&%/.$$!"!%6!(!+%3!+,.'!(2
+&+,.%$".+"%!61.4#-!//$%1##.$$(7%"+!++!%$+,.($//$%-0(8.%:!64#!%:0-.(2
&+%/."!"#.4#4#$//$%+&+,.%+.''.%8."#!'%/0"$//.'&2
.+"#.%/%44.4#'&%;#$(.-%&4#4#.+&%1"-%!-$/-!+,.5
!++0-$%1!".4#'&%0-$%+.''.%1.".(%!-$//$"#$2
(!"$%/$"#!-&9&1#'.%3"#.(!%#".($"!9!"#$2
$+,.($//$%."!/."!%:0-.(%3.-$4#!5
;#&++.!%!+,&-$+"#$%6$(!-%+%4#$<($11.4#$%/!'0(&4.-%"#%-.(%!-$//$"#$
+&+,.%!+"#.%3"'&9&%&4#4#.+&%+!(!6#.4#4#'&%6&!9.($"!9$(5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
106
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 29.
NOUNS AND PRONOUNS – COMPLETE DECLENSIONS.
Nouns.
Regular.
Case Meaning Animate Inanimate
Nominative (x=Subj) -!(.+ petti
Accusative (x=Obj) -!(.+& pettiye
Instrumental (by x) -!(.+ 1&44!9!'&
Instrumental (with x) -!(.+#"$ 1&44!9#"$
Dative (to x) -!(.+$//$ pettikku
Dative (for x) -!(.+$//!#. 1&44!//!#.
Ablative (from x) -!(.+!".(!-$+"#$ pettiyilirundu
Genitive (x’s) -!(.+ petti
Locative (in x) -!(.+!".4#'& pettile
Vocative (oh x! ) -!(.+" 1&44!9"%)0%80JK*
(where x = any noun or pronoun)
Irregular, ending in ‘m’ ‘ru’ ‘du’.

Nom (x=Subj) maram !-$ (!"$
Acc (x=Obj) maraththe !4#4#& (!44&
Inst (by x) (.-.4#4#!'& !4#4#!'& (!44!'&
Inst (with x) (.-.4#4##"$ !4#4##"$ (!44#"$
Dat (to x) maraththukku !4#4#$//$ (!44$//$
Dat (for x) (.-.4#4#$//!#. !4#4#$//!#. (!44$//!#.
Abl (from x) maraththilirundu !4#4#!'!-$+"$ (!44!".(!-$+"$%).+!(.4&*
Gen (x’s) maraththu !4#4#$ (!44$
Loc (in x) maraththule !4#4#ule (!44$'&
Voc (oh x! ) (.-.("% !-" (!""
-------------------------
Cases in lists below read vertically in the same order as the first nine in lists above.
107
Adi’s Book.
Personal Pronouns.
+!+ +!( +!+,. +&
enne namme &+,.(& unne
&++!'& +.((!'& eng.(!'& $++!'&
&++#"$ +.((#"$ &+,.(#"$ $++#"$
enakku namakku &+,.($//$ unnakku
&+.//!#. +.(.//!#. &+,.($//!#. $++.//!#.
ennidamirundhu nammidamirundhu &+,.(!".(!-$+"#$ unnidamirundhu
en nam enga un
ennidathle nammidathle &+,.(!".thle unnidathle
+&+,. avan ava avar
$+,.(& avane .3.(& avare
$+,.(!'& .3.+!'& .3.(!'& .3.-!'&
$+,.(#"$ .3.+#"$ .3.(#"$ .3.-#"$
$+,.($//$ avanukku .3.($//$ avarukku
$+,.($//!#. .3.+$//!#. .3.($//!#. .3.-$//!#.
$+,.(!".(!-$+"#$ avanidamirundhu .3.(!".(!-$+"#$ avaridamirundhu
unga avan ava avar
$+,.(!".4#'& avanidathle .3.(!".4#'& avaridathle
avanga adhu adhunga &''!-$(
.3.+,.(& adhe ."#$+,.(& &''!-"9$(
.3.+,.(!'& ."#!'& ."#$+,.(!'& &''!-!'$m
.3.+,.(#"$ ."##"$ ."#$+,.(#"$ &''!-#"$(
.3.+,.($//$ adhukku ."#$+,.($//$ &''!-$//$(
.3.+,.($//!#. ."#$//!#. ."#$+,.($//!#. &''!-$//!#.3$(
.3.+,.(!".(!-$+"#$ adhanidamirundhu ."#$+,.(!".(!-$+"#$LL &''!-!".(!-$+"#$(
avanga adhan adhunga, ell!-$".9.3$(
.3.+,.(!".4#'& adhanidathle ."#$+,.(!".4#'& &''!-!".4#4#!'$(
."#$+,.(!'!-$+"#$LL).'4&-+.4!3&*
-------------------------
108
Adi’s Book.
Reflexive Pronouns.
To avoid repetition of the pronouns, reflexive pronouns are used inTamil.
M4#!(N%.+"%M4#!+,.N%.-&%4#&%4O0%1'$-.'%P0-(6%P0-%M4#!+N2%Q#&6&%.-&%0+'9%$6&"%P0-%?rd Person.
4#!+%)6!+,2*)0+&6&'P* 4#!(%)1'2* 4#.+,.(%)1'2*
thanne thamme 4#.+,.(&
4#.++!'& 4#.((!'& 4#.+,.(!'&
4#.++#"$ 4#.((#"$ 4#.+,.(#"$
thanakku thamakku 4#.+,.($//u
4#.+.//!#. 4#.(.//!#. 4#.+,.($//!#.
thannidamirundhu thammidamirundhu 4#.+,.(!".(!-$+"#$
than tham thanga
thannidathle thammidathle 4#.+,.(!".4#'&
Vocabulary
salave wash (n) salave sei (s.thth) wash , do washing
kanji starch (n) kanji podu (w.tt) starch, put starch
4#.3.-!(& without fail.
Practical Conversation. – With a Dhobi.
C: Customer D: Dhobi.
R2%"##8!9"7%+&+,.%9!-%3&44'&%4#$$!%3&($/-!+,.5%%%S#08!7%P0-%O#0(%"0%90$%O.6#%;'04#&65
S2%$+,.%1.//.4#4#$%3&44'&%+!+"#!+%3&($/-"+2 I am washing in the adjacent house.
R2%+%-$%4#$$!//$%&3(.3$%1.$.(%3!+,-!+,.5 How much do you charge for 100 pieces
S2%+%-$%4#$$!//$%1.4#!+.+:$%-%8!%3!+,-"+2 I charge Rs 15.00 for 100 pieces.
R2%0-$%(!6.4#'&%&4#4#.+&%6.'.3&%/0"$//.($"!9$(5
How many washes can you give each month?
S2%0-$%(.6.4#'&%-&$"$%6.'.3&%4#.3.-!(&%/0"$//.($"!9$(2%%4#$$!//$%/.+:!%1#".$$(!5
I can give two washes a month without fail. Do you want starch for your clothes?
R2%&+%4#$$!+,.''$//$%/.+:!%3"$!(7%!+!%-0(8.%6$"#"#.(!%6.'.3&%6&!9.$$(2
I don’t want starch for my clothes, but you should wash them very clean.
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109
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 30.
VERBS, STRONG, PAST TENSE
WITH ‘THTH’ AS MEDIAL..
padi study 3!6! read
kudi drink vai put, place
1!- see, look at, look after edu take, lift, pick up
padu lie down adi hit, strike
kadi bite /$(! bathe
kodu give kaththukodu teach
vil sell manni forgive
udhe kick aru cut (with knife)
!'$ pull $8.9#,!7%$8.9##! use
thude wipe .3!' untie
kide obtain thai sew, stitch
sandhi meet 6.(8!"#! earn
dhandi punish thuve wash
nine think pari pluck, snatch
poru bear (suffering) vali feel painful
3!6.+&1!- smell (#+"#$%1!- smell
!-.(8! begin uchchari pronounce
("! graze gudhi jump
.'! destroy ghavani listen, pay attention
/!'! tear kure reduce, decrease
same cook siri laugh
nane wet 4#"! rub
ude break madi fold
marai hide *pidi (pidi) is liked (catch)
valar grow, rear *pasi feel hungry
mudi finish, close L3"- perspire
*only neuter present, past and future
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Adi’s Book.
The predicate in the past tense agrees with the number, gender and person of the subject.
(as seen before in the present tense and future tense)
1!-4#"+ I saw, 1!-4##( We saw, 1!-4#!+,. They saw,etc.
Vocabulary
niram colour vali pain, ache
3&((& white vali, vali edu feel pain
karuppu black pasi hunger
sivappu red pasi, pasi edu feel hunger
pachche green "#!#.( thirst
(.+:.( yellow "#!#.(%&"$ feel thirst
paruppu brown mukyam importance
%"#! violet vahappu class, standard
+&'.( blue 6.(&9.'/!-.n cook (n)
!-.+:$ orange padukke bed
Short Sentences.
=2%+"4#$%(!-'&%:!64#!%3.'!%&"$4#4#."#$2 Yesterday I had a lot of pain in my chest.
>2%.1"!9!2%%6.-!7%!110%&+,&%3.'!//$"#$5 Is that so? Right, where does it hurt now?
3. enakku ippo romba pasi edukkudhu. I am very hungry now.
@2%+"4#$%$+,.($//$%+.''.%1.6!%&"$4#4#."#!5 Yesterday were you very hungry?
A2%$+,.($//$%."!//."!%"#!#.(%&"$//$"#!5 Do you often feel thirsty?
B2%!$$./!%(."#9!+.(%&+.//$%-0(8.%"#!#.(%&"$4#4#."#$2
This afternoon I was very thirsty.
C2%!"#$%/0+:.(%/.6#4.(!+.%1!".(D%!"#&%+.''.%,#.3.+!4#4#!+,.(!5
This is a slightly difficult lesson; did you pay good attention?
E2%+"4#$%+!+%0-$%+.''.%(.+$6#.-&%6.+"#!44"+2 Yesterday I met a good man.
F2%+&+,.%(.-$1."!9$(%.3.-&%6.+"#!11!+,.(!5 Will you meet him again?
=G2%&+.//!#.%0-$%6.(&9.'/!-.+&%1!-4#4#!+,.'!5 Did you look for a cook for me?
==2%!3.-"#!+%!+"#.%6!11!44&%6.(&4#4#!-2%)6.(&9.'%6&!"#!-*2
This person himself cooked this food.
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Adi’s Book.
=>2%.!9!7%$+,.($//$%&''!%3!"#.(!+.%6!11!"$(%6.(&//.%4#&-!9$(!5
Sir, do you know how to cook all kinds of foods?
=?2%!"#$%&''!(%($/9.(!+.%1!".+,.2 These are all important lessons.
=@2%!"#&%4#!-$(8.%4#!-$(8.%1."!//.$$(2 You should study them again and again.
=A2%$+,.(!".(%/0+:.(%3&((&%/!!"#.(%!-$//$"#!5
Do you have some white (unlined) paper?
=B2%!+"#.%/.-$11$%!"$%9!-$"&9.%!"$5 Whose goat is this black goat?
=C2%!'&%1.;#;#&%+!-.(!%!-$//$"#$7%1%%6!3.11!%!-$//$"#$2
The leaf is green, the flower is red.
=E2%4#.//!'!%1.'.($(%6!'.%.11!'%1.'.($(%6!3.11!%!-$//$4#$2
Tomatoes and some apples are red.
=F2%!-$%1.;#;#&%3.'.1.'.($(%!-$%(.+:.(%3.'.1.'$($(%3!+,$+,.2
Buy six green and six yellow plantains.
>G2%+!+,.%.+"#.%/&44.%1.!9.+&%1!"!4##(7%!+!%.3.+&%."!//.'&2
We caught that bad boy, but did not beat him.
>=2%9&+"#.%+!!%$+,.'&%/."!4#4#."#$5 Which dog bit you?
>>2%+!+%&+%.-&'&%1."$4#"+%!+!%4#%+,.'&2 I laid down in my room but did not sleep.
>?2%4##44./!-.+%(!44&%"+%."!4#4#!+5 Why did the gardener beat the ox.
>@2%"+!++!%.+"#.%(!"$%/!$.4#4#$%4#.$$!9&%/$"!4#4#."#$2
Because the ox drank the well-water.
>A2%&+%(%//$</.$$!"!9"%&+,&%3.!4#4#!+,.5 Where did you put my spectacles?
>B2%/.$$!"#!'&%9!-%($#.4#4#&%1!-4#!+,.5 Whose face did you see in the mirror?
>C2%+"4#$%+!+,.%&+,&%/$(!4#4#!+,.2 Where did you bathe yesterday?
>E2%-!(.+%&+.//$%0-$%+.''!%1$64#.#.(%/0"$4#4#!+2
Raman gave me a good book.
>F2%-044!9&%&+"#.%/.4#!9!'&%.-$4#4#!+,.5 With which knife did you cut the bread?
?G2%$+,.($//$%9!-%4#.(!'%/.4#4#$/0"$4#4#!+,.5 Who taught you Tamil?
-------------------------
112
Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation. – With Your Servant.
M: Master, S: Servant.
H2%.+"#.%6!(.+%&''!(%&+%;!-$//$%/0+"$1#2 Take all this luggage to my car.
I2%%.+"#.%1&44!%/%".%/0+"$1##.+$(!5 Should I take that box as well?
H2%!(!7%1&44!7%1."$//&7%&''!(%/0+"$1##.3"$$(2%%!110%&+./!#.%0-$%4!;/&4%3!+,$2
Yes, trunk, bedding, everything should be taken. Buy a ticket for me now.
I2%%&+"#.%%-$//$%4!;/&4%3!+,.$$(5 To which place should I buy a ticket?
H2%/0'/.4#4#!3$//$%(%+$%($"#.'%3.#$11$%4!;/&4%3!+,$2
Buy three First Class tickets to Calcutta.
I2%%-.9!'%3.+"!%&4#4#.+&%(.$!//$%64"6#.+$//$%3!-$(5
What time will the train come to the station?
H2%-.9!'%3.+"!%64"6#.+$//$%6.-!9!%1.4#$%(.$!//$%3!-$(2
The train will come to the station at 10 o’clock exactly.
+!9&%&++.%/."!4#4#."#$5 +!9&%9!-%."!4#4#!+,.5
+&+,.%+!9$(%."!//.'&%1%+&9$(%."!//.'&2 +!!%.3.-&%/."!4#4#."#$2
."#.+!'&%.3.-%.4#&%."!4#4#!-2 +&+,.%+!9&%"+%.3!'4hthinga?
!+"#.%1!".(%+&+,.%1."!4#4#!+,.(!5 !+"#.%1!".(%/.4#4#$/0"$4#4#!+,.(!5
!+"#.%1!".(%,#.3.+!4#4#!+,.(! !$$./!%3!"#9!-&%6.+"#!4#4##(
!"#$//!#.%&+%/$'.+"#&%"#.+"!4#4#"+2 /$'.+"#&%.+"#.%1$64#.#.4#4#&%/!'!4#4#."#$2
!+"#.%6.+,."#!9&%"+%(.-.!4#4#!+,.5 !+"#.%6.+,."!9&%+&+,.%&+.//$%"+%60''.'&5
.+"#.%6.(!;#;#!-.(%&++.//$%+"4#$"#!+%/!".!4#4#."#$2
.+"#.%/."!".4#4#&%1."!4#4#"+2 +!+%-0(8.%-0(8.%6!-!4#4#"+
$+,.($//$%&+"#.%+!-.(%1!"!4#4#."#$5 &+.//$%+&'.%+!-.(%-0(8.%1!"!4#4#."#$2
&+,.%+!!"#!+%1.'$11$%+!-.(2 .3.+,.($//$%.+"#.%/.-$11$%1%+&%1!"!//.'&2
.+"#.%3&((&%+!-.%+!!%&+.//$%3"$$(2 1.;#;#&%!'&//$%1!++!'&%6!3.11$%1%%!-$//$"#$2
!$$.//!%&+.//$%-0(8.%1.6!%&"$4#."#$2 !$$.//!%/!'.(&%&+.//$%-0(8.%1.6!4#."#$
&+.//$%"#!#.(%/%".%&"$4#4#."#$2 ippo enakku pasiyum dh!#.($(%&"$//."#$2
&+%/!'%:.64#!%3.'!4#4#."#$2 !+"#.%(.-$+"#&%/!''&%+.''!%4#"!4#"+2
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113
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 31.
VERBS, PAST TENSE
WITH ‘THTH’ AS MEDIAL, CONTINUED.
Vocabulary
4#!(."!%)624#4#* delay pidi (s.thth) catch
thaiyal stitch (n) "'&%).":* poor (no money)
4#$$! cloth kuruhal narrowness
+&'.( length ahalam, agalam breadth, width
uyaram height kutte short
!-.( depth nadu, madhdhi centre
sadhuram square vattam circle
/$(!/-.<.-& bathroom /.//%6$ latrine
innu that (Conjunction) vishayam news, matter
Short Sentences.
=2%4#$+!9"%4#.$$!'&%9"+%+.+&4#4#!+,.5 Why did you wet this cloth with water?
>2%!"#$%-0(8.%+.''.%3!6#.9.(%!++$%+!+%+!+&4#4#"+
I thought it was a very good thing.
?2%+&+,.%.1"!%+!+&//.'&7%!''&9!5 You did not think so, did you?
@2%&+,.%/!$.-$%!-.(!+.%/!$.-$2 Our well is a deep well.
A2%$+,.%!61.4#-!%/.44.".(%$9.-.(!+.%/.44.".(2
Your hospital building is a high building.
B2%.3.-%.11!%$9.-.(!%!-$/-!-2 His father is tall.
C2%&+%.-&%:!64#!%+&'.(%!''&2 My room is not very long.
E2%$+,.%3.44.(!+.%4##44.(%&+,&5 Where is your round garden.
F2%0-$%1&-!9.%6."#$-.(!+.%1&44!%3"$$(2 I want a big square box.
=G2%+&+,.%!+"#.%.#.'.(!+.%.-&'&%4#%+,.'!(2 You may sleep in this wide room.
==2%.3.+,.%3&44$//$%3.'!%/$-$#.'!%!-$//$"#$2 The way to their house is narrow.
=>2%$+,.%/$'.+"#&%&1103$(%6!-!//$"#$2 Your child is always laughing.
=?2%!(!7%+!+%/%".%.1"!"#!+%+!+&4#4#"+2 Yes, I thought so too.
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Adi’s Book.
=@2%+&+,.%/%".7%9"+%.1"!%6!-!4#4#!+,.5 Why did you also laugh like that?
=A2%!+"#.%+!9$+,.%9!-%3.(.-/-!+,.5 Who is rearing these dogs.
=B2%"+%/"/-!+,.7%$+,.(&%/."!4#4#.+,.(!5 Why d’you ask, did they bite you?
=C2%.+"#.((!%"'&"#!+7%!+!%/$'.+"#&+,.(&%+.'!%3.(.-4#4#!-2
That woman is only poor, but she brought up her children well.
=E2%+!+%0-$%+.''.%1$64#.#.4#4#&%1."!//.%!-.(8!4#4#"+2 I began to study a good book.
=F2%$+,.%3"'&9&%&110%($"!4#!+,.5 When did you finish your work?
>G2%"#.9.3$6&!"#$%0-$%4#.9.'/!-.+&%/%11!"$+,.2 Please call a tailor.
>=2%.!9!7%$+,.%4#.!9.'%+.''.%!''&7%.4#$%"+%!1"!%4#.!4#4#!+,.2
Sir, your stitching is not good, why did you sew it like this.
>>2%4#.!9.'/!-.-%($"#.''&%4#$$!9&%/!'!4#4#!-7%.1-.(%4#.!//.%!-.(8!4#4#!-2
The tailor tore the cloth first, then began to sew.
>?2%."#$%0-$%($/9.(!+.%/."!"#.(7%."#&%/!'!//!"#!+,.2
That is an important letter, don’t tear it.
>@2%&+$"&9.%(%44&9&%9!-%.3!'4#4#!+,.7%60''$+,.2 Tell me, who untied my bundle?
>A2%+!+"#!+%."#&%.3!'4#4#"+7%&++&%+&+,.%/.44!9.(%(.++!//.$$(2
I untied it, you must excuse me.
Practical Conversation. – At The Hotel.
T: Traveller, H: Hotel Manager.
Q2%&+.//$%0-$%1&-!9.%6$"#"#.(!+.%.-&%3"$$(2 I want a big clean room.
T2%+.''."#$7%3!+,.7%$+,.($//$%0-$%1&-!9.%.-&%/0"$//-"+2
Alright, come along, I will give you a big room.
Q2%!+"#.%.-&//$%0-$%+!($//$%&3(.3$%1.$.(5 How much per day for this room?
T2%!"#$//$%0-$%+!($//$%.!+%-$%-%8!%3!+,.-"+2%%$+,.($//$%&4#4#.+&%+!($//$%3"$$(5
We charge Rs 500.00 per day for this. For how many days do you want the room?
Q2%.-&%0-$%3!-.4#4#$//$%3"$$(2 I want the room for a week.
T2%0+6$&4%/$'!/-.%.-&%!+,&"#!+%!-$//$"#$2%%&1103$(%6$"$%#"$"#$%4#.$$!%/!"&//$4#$2
Ensuite bathroom is here. Hot running water is always available.
Q2%+.''."#$2%%4&%&4#4#.+&%(.$!//$%/!"&//$(5 Good. At what time can we get tea?
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Adi’s Book.
!3.-%&+,&%4#.!9.'/!-.-5 &+,.%4#$$!+,.%&''!(%!3.-"#!+%4#.!/-!-2
.3.-%4#$$!+,.(&%($"#.''&%4#.$$!'&%+.+&/-!-2
!1"!9$(%.1"!9$(%4#$$!9&%/!'!/-!- !3.-%4#.!9.'%&+,.($//$%-0(8.%1!"!//$(2
!+"#.%3.'!%-0(8.%/$-$#.'!%!-$//$"#$2 -0(8.%+&'.(!+.%/."!"#.(%&'$"#!"#!+,.2
&+,.%4##44.4#'&%!"#$"#!+%-0(8.%$9.-.(!+.%(.-.(2
.+"#.%.,.'.(!+.%3.'!'&%1#+,.2
3.44.(!+.%/!$.4#'&%4#.$$!%:!64#!%!''&2 ."#$%!-.(!+.%/!$.-$%!''&2
+&+,.%6&/-.(%4#.(!'%1"6$3!+,.%!++$%+!+%+!+&/-"+2
+!+,.%&''!-$(%4#.(!'%+.''!%1"6-!+,.%!++$%.3.-%60'-!-2
.+"#.%4#.!9.'/!-.-%.'.#!%4#.!/-!-%!++$%&+%6+"#!"#.-%60'-!-2
&''.%($44&+,.'$(%0-"%/%"&'&%3.!//!"#!+,.2 4#$$!+,.%&''!(%0-$%(%44&9!%/.44$+,.2
($44&9&%(%44&'&%3.!//./%"!"#$2 /$"&9&%/%"&'&%3.!//.'!(
/."&//$%1##.%/$"&9$(%/%"&9$(%/0+"$3!+,.2
3!+,.7%!+"#.%3"'&%6&!9.%3!+,.2 +!+,.%!+"#.%3"'&%6&!9.'&2
!+"#.%3"'&%6&!9!"#!+,.2 9!-%!+"#.%3"'&%6&!-!+,.5
4#!-$(8.%!+"#.%3"'&%6&!3!+,.(!5 !''&7%+!+%."#&%6&!9.(!44"+2
.3.-%!+"#.%3"'&%/.44!9.(%6&!9.$$(2
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116
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 32.
VERBS, WEAK, PAST TENSE
WITH ‘DH’ AS MEDIAL..
sei make, do nei weave
(.'&%1&!L rain .'$ cry
L(.'&%1&!%;0+:$,.4&6%0+'9%P0-%U&$4&-%1-&6&+4%1.64%.+"%P$4$-&2
$'$7%%%"-%$'$7 plough 4#0'$ worship
Vocabulary
/.".3$( God (#6.( evil, badness
030$$$ one of each 030-$3.-! one by one (person)
ovoru each (adj) 030$$! one by one
0$$! together ovoruvarum each person
"- plough vayal, nilam field
%-.3.+ farmer /$"!9!+.3.+ farmer
+&6.3!(! weaver +&6.3$3"'& weaving
6!9.( colour ,&44!%6!9.( fast colour
uduppu clothes +%' thread
pattu silk melisu thin, fine
1"-%1#+."#$ be famous (thing) 1"-%1#+.3.- be famous (person)
buddi bottle marundhu medicine
mai-buddi ink-bottle mai ink
%4#4#$%)O2!+* pour 3!-%)624#4#* pour
1.$.11.! purse
Short Sentences.
=2%!+"#.%3"'&9&%&''!-$(%0$$!%6&!"#.+,.2 They all did this work together.
>2%!"#$%(#6.(!+.%3"'&2%!"#&%9!-%6&!"#."#$5 This is a bad job. Who did this.
?2%$+,.%%-'&%+.''!%(.'&%1&!"#."#!5 Did it rain hard at your place?
@2%!-.+!%1.44$%1$"$3&//$%1"-%1#+."#$2 Arni is famous for silk sarees.
A2%/!+:!1$-.4#'&%/%".%1.44$6"'&%+&!-!+,.2 At Kanjipuram also they weave silk sarees.
B2%V+"#.%.'.#!+.%6"'&9&%/.!9!'&%+&!"#!+,.2 They wove this beautiful saree by hand.
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Adi’s Book.
C2%%%.+"#.%1.!9.+$//$%-0(8.%1.6!%&"$4#4#."#$7%."#.+.'&"#!+%.3.+%.1"!%.'$"#!+2
That boy was very hungry, that is why he cried like that.
E2%%%/$"!9!+.3.+%3.9.''&%"-%%-.-!+2 The farmer is ploughing in the field.
F2%%%/$"!9!+.3.+$//$%M%-.3.+N%!++$%!++0-$%1"-2 The farmer has another name, ‘uravan’.
=G2%1#+.%+!!4#4#$/!'.(&%/#3!''&%4#0'$"##( We worshipped at church last Sunday
==2%0330-$%(.+$6#.-$(%"#!+.+"##-$(%/.".3$(&%4##-.$$(2
Each and every person should worship God daily.
=>2%V+"#.%6!(!+%0330$$$(%&++.%3!'&5 What is the price of each of these?
=?2%+&+,.%0330-$3.-$(%0-$%1!44$%1!".$$(2 Everyone of you should sing a song.
=@2%$+,.%1"+!'&%(.!%!-$//$"#!2 Is there ink in your pen.
=A2%!''&%7&+%1"+!'&%/0+:.(%(.!%%4#4#$+,.2 No, pour a little ink in my pen.
16. mai buddile enna mai irukkudhu? What ink is in the ink-bottle?
17. mai-buddile karuppu mai irukkudhu. There is black ink in the ink-bottle.
=E2%+&+,.%0330-$%4#.(!'%1!".($(%+.''!%1."!//.$$(2
You should study each Tamil lesson well.
=F2%!"#$%(.-$+"#$%8$""!%"#!+"5 This is a medicine bottle, is it not?
>G2%&+%.'.#!+.%$"$11&%+&+,.%1!-4#4#!+,.'!5 Did you see my beautiful garment?
Practical Conversation. – At a Cloth Shop.
W: Woman Customer, S: Shopkeeper.
W2%.!9!7%$+,.(!".(%+%'%6"'&+,.%!-$//$"#!5 Sir, do you have cotton sarees?
I2%!(!+,.((!7%&+,.(!".(%(."#$-.!7%;#!(8.44%-7%+%'%1.".3&+,.%!-$//$"#$2
Yes madam, we have Madhurai, Coimbatore, cotton sarees.
W2%(&'!6$%4#$$!'&%6!'.%(."$-.!%1$"$3&+,.%1!-//.$$(7%!+!%6!9.(%,&44!9!%!-$//$$$(2
I want to see some Madhurai sarees in fine material, but they should be fast colours.
I2%6.-!+,.7%!+"#.%+&'.%+!-.%6"'&%3!+,!/0''$+,.2%%,&44!%6.9.(2%%6!9.(%&1103$(%1##!"#$2
Alright madam, take this blue saree. Fast colour. The colour will never fade.
W2%.+"#.%1.44$%6"'&+,.%&''!(%&+"#.%%-'&%+&!-!+,.5
Where do they weave all those silk sarees?
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Adi’s Book.
I2%1.44$%6"'&+,.%!-.+!9!'$(%/!+:!1%-.4#4#!'$(%+&!-!+,.2
They weave silk sarees in Arni and Kanchipuram.
W2%!110%&+.//$%1.44$%6"'&%3"$!(7%+%'%6&'&%1#"#$(2
I don’t want silk sarees now, cotton will do.
I2%6.-!+,.((!7%$+,.%!6#4.(2 Alright madam, as you please.
!+"#.%3"'&%9!-%6&!"#."#$5 +!+%!+"#.%3"'&9&%6&!9.'&2
+&+,."#!+%!1"!%6&!"#!+,.(!5 -0(8.%+!'!%!+,&%(.'&%1&!9.'&7
1#+.%3.-$6#.(%/%".%:!64#!%(.'&%!''& 1#+.%(!6.(%-0(8.%(.'&%1&!"#."#$2
+.(.//!%/%".%(.'&%1&!9.'!(2 $+,.%/$'.+"#&%-!4#-!%.'$"#!+!5
/$'.+"#&//$%-0(8.%1.6!%&"$4#4#."#$2 ."#.+!'&%."#$%-0(8.%.'$"#."#$2
;#!++.%/$'.+"#&%+.''!%.'$$$(2 .110"#!+%/$'.+"#&//$%+.''!%1.6!%&"$//$(2
3"'%-$//$%/!44.%0-$%;#!++.%,-!(.4#'&%+%'%6"'&+,.%+&!-!+,.2
!+"#.%,-!(.4#'&%&''!-$//$(%+&6.3$%3"'&%+.''.%4#&-!9$(2
+&6.3!(!+,.($//$%!110%&''!(%/.6#4.(%!''&2
.3.+,.%0-$%+!((&%&4#4#.+&%6"'&%+&!3!+,.5
%-.3.+!".(%"-%!-$//$"#$2 "-!'&%.3.+%+!'.4#4#&%)3.9.'&*%%-.-!+2
%-.3.+#"$%(!"$+,.%+!(%&''!(%3"'&%6&!"#$+,.2
ovvoru paiyanukkum pusthaham irukudhu. 0330-$3.-$(%1!".4#4#&%+.''!%1."!//.$$(2
0330-$3.-!%.+"#.%.-&//$%1#+,.2 !+"#.%1.'.(%0330$$$(%&++.%3!'&5
1.'.+,.(&%0330$$!%("6&%("'&%3.!+,.2
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119
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 33.
VERBS, - PAST TENSE
WITH ‘NDH’ AS MEDIAL.
Strong Verbs with ‘ndh’ as medial in the past tense.
iru be pira to be born
endhiri get up mara forget
kida lie down thira open
kala mix nada walk
para fly .(. measure
kara yield milk ("! graze
Weak Verbs with ‘ndh’ as medial in the past tense.
$//!- sit puhu enter
4#! give kuni bend forward
3! come 6!! lean
/0+"$3! bring ale, thiri wander
1#!6"- reach vand#$6"- arrive
#! cease nahar move (intr)
3!'$ fall &'$ rise
3.(.- grow (intr) 3!' live
+"-.(%10-$4#4#$%3! be late, come late
The following verbs conjugate only for Neuter; Present, Past and Future.
ude break eri burn
theri know mudi finish (intr)
+# ache, pain puri be clear
Short Sentences.
=2%+"4#$%/!'&'&%+!+%6.-!9!%+!'$%(.$!//$%&'$+"#"+2
Yesterday I got up at exactly 4 o’clock in the morning.
>2%!+"#.%+!//!'!%&1"!%$"&+"#."#$5%!"#.+("'&%9!-%$//!-+"#!+,.5
How did this chair break? Who sat on it?
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Adi’s Book.
?2%&4#4#.+&%1!".+,.(&%(.-.+"#!+,.5%%+!+,.%1!".+,.(&%(.-.//./%"!"#$
How many lessons did you forget? You should not forget lessons.
@2%%%+&+,.'!%&+%1&44!9&%4#!-.+"#!+,.5 Did you open my box?
A2%%%.+"#.((!3$//$%&++.%/$'.+"#&%1!-.+"#."#$5 What was the child born to that lady?
B2%%%!+"#.%3"'&%&110%($"!ndhadhu? When was this work finished? (intr)
C2%%%+&+,.%!"#&%&4#4#.+&%(.$!//$%($"!ththinga? At what time did you finish this work?
E2%%%!$$./!%(."#9!+.(%+&+,.%4#!-$(8.%4#!-$(8.%+.".+"#!+,.2
You walked again and again this afternoon.
F2%%%."#.+.'&"#!+%$+,.($//$%/!'%3.'!//$"#$2 That is why your legs are aching.
=G2%+!+,.%3"'&/!-.+$//$%&3(.3$%1.$.(%4#.+"#!+,.5
How much money did you give to the servant?
==2%$+,.%/$'.+"#&9&%/0+"$3.+"#!+,.(!2%+!+%."#&%1.-//.$$(2
Did you bring your child? I must see it.
=>2%!$$./!%+&+,.%"+%-0(8.%+"-.(%10-$4#4#$%3.+"#!+,.5
Why did you come very late today?
=?2%&++#"$%+&+,.%&1103$(%4#.(!''&%1"6$3!+,.(!5
Will you always speak with me inTamil?
=@2%+!+%+!//!'!("'&%6!!+"#"+7%."#.+!'&%."#$%/!'&%3!'$+"#."#$2
I leaned on the chair, therefore it fell down.
=A2%1!'/!-.+%1!'&%6.-!9!%.(.+"#!+!5 Did the milkman measure the milk properly?
=B2%+"4#$%!+"#.%/!'%+#+"#."#$2%!$$./!%!+"#.%/.!%+##$"#$2
Yesterday this leg ached. Today this leg is aching.
=C2%+&+,.%:!64#!%1!'$(%1.'.($(%6!11!".$$(7%1$-!+"#."#!2
You should take a lot of fruit and milk, you understand.?
=E2%!+"#.%(.+$6#.-%&+,&%1!'.+"#!-%&1"!%3.'.-+"#!-%9!-$//$(%4#&-!9!"#$2
Nobody knows where this man was born and how he was brought up.
=F2%+&+,.%/$+!+"#!+,.7%.110%$+,.%1.$.11.!%/!'&%3!'$+"#."#$2
You bent down, then your purse fell down.
>G2%."#$%$+,.($//$%&1"!%4#&-!+"#."#$5%+&+,.%."#&%1!-4#4#!+,.(!5
How did you know that? Did you see it?
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Adi’s Book.
>=2%+!+%$+,.'&%1!-//.%$+,.%3&44$//$%3.+"#"+2 I came to your house to see you.
>>2%+!+%!110"#!+%4#%//.4#4#!'!-!+"#$%&'$+"#"+2 I woke up just now from sleep.
>?2%!+"#.%6.+"##6#.(!+.%6.+,#."!%&+.//$%+"4#$"#!+%4#&-!+"#."#$2
Only yesterday I came to know of this happy news.
>@2%$+,.%1%+&%&1"!%/!$.4#'&%3!'$+"#."#$5 How did your cat fall into the well?
>A2%&+%+.''.%/.$$!"!%-&+"!%$"&+"#."#$2 My nice mirror broke into two.
Practical Conversation. – School Caretaker.
S: Schoolmaster, C: Caretaker.
I2%!$$.//!%&4#4#.+&%(.$!//$%1.((!/%".(%4#!-.+"#&11!5
At what time did you open the school today ‘pa.
R2%+!+%&44$%(.$!//$%1.((!/%".(%4#!-.+"#"+2
I opened the school at 8 o’clock.
I2%/$'.+"#&+,.%&''!-$(%6.-!9!+.%+"-.4#'&%3.#.11$//$%3.+"#!+,.(!5
Did all of the children come to the class in time?
R2%!(!+,.7%&''!%1!((&+,.($(%6.-!9!+.%+"-.4#'&%3.#.11$//$%3.+"#!+,.(.5
Yes Sir, all the children came to the class on time.
I2%&+"#.%1.!9.+%(.-.4#4#!'!-$+"#$%3!'$+"#!+2
Which boy fell from the tree?
R2%-!(.+%&++$(%$9.-.(!+.%1.!9.+%(.-.4#4#!'!-$+"#$%3!'$+"#!+2
The tall boycalled Raman fell from the tree.
I2%.3.+%/.!7%/!'%$"&+"#."#!%&++.5 Did he break an arm or leg?
R2%4#&-!9!"#$+,.7%!+!%0-$%"0;40-%.3.+&%1!-4#4#!-2
I don’t know Sir, but a doctor saw him.
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122
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 34.
VERBS, - PAST TENSE
WITH ‘NDH’ AS MEDIAL, CONTINUED.
Vocabulary
pasu cow pul grass
3!4#9!6.( difference !+!("'& henceforth
4#.+!9! alone 0$$! together
4#.$$!9! watery moththam in all, total, on the whole.
kodi flag, vine .89!6.( exercise (n).
3!(.//$ lamp puthu new
dhadave time, (No. of times) 4##! wash (clothes)
/!! dry Ira wet
Short Sentences.
=2%+"4#4#&''!(%+&+,.%3&9!''&%4#!-!+"#!+,.2 All of yesterday you wandered in the sun.
>2%."#.+!'"#!+%!$$./!%+&+,.%6$#.(!''&2 That is why you are unwell today.
?2%$+,.(&%6.+"#!//.%%-&''!(%.'&+"#"+2 I wandered all over the place to meet you.
@2%+!+%-0(8.%+"-.(%&+%.-&'&%!-$+"#"+ I was in my room for a very long time.
A2%/#3!''&%(04#4#.(%&4#4#.+&%3!(.//$+,.%&-!+"#."#!5
How many lamps in all were burning in the temple?
B2%-!4#-!%-0(8.%(.'&%1&!"#."#$D%/!4#4#!'&"#!+%#!+"#."#$2
It rained heavily at night; only in the morning did it cease.
C2%+!+,.%$+,.%3"'&%6.-!9!%6&!9.'&2%!+!("'&%.1"!%6&!9./%"!"#$2
You are not doing your work properly. Henceforth you should not do that.
E2%+!+%!+,&%.+:$%3.-$6#.4#4#$//$%($++!'&%3"'&//$%6"-+"#"+2
I joined here for work five years ago.
F2%+&+,.%0-$%+.''.%1$64#.#.(%&+.//$%.+$11!+!+,.2
You sent me a good book.
=G2%.+,&%+&+,.%&4#4#.+&%(.$!//$%1#!6"-+"#!+,.5
At what time did you reach there?
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Adi’s Book.
==2%.3.+,.%6!!+,!'.(%.+:$%(.$!//$%!+,&%3.+"#$6"-+"#!+,.2
They arrived at here at five o’clock in the evening.
=>2%!+"#.%("6&//$(%.+"#.%("6&//$(%9&++.%3!4#9!6.(5
What is the difference between this table and that table?
=?2%!+"#.%("6&%1$"#!9."#$%)1$4#$6$*7%.+"#.%("6&%1.'.9."#$%)1.-.6$*2
This table is new, that table is old.
=@2%!"#$%-&$"$//$(%.3(.3$"#!+%3!4#9!6.(2
That’s all the difference between these two.
=A2%4#.(!'%1$64#.#.+,.(&%4#.+!9!%3.!+,.2 Put the Tamil books separately.
=B2%&''!%1$64#.#.+,.($(%0$$!%3.!//!"#!+,.2 Don’t put all the books together.
=C2%+&+,.%.+"#.%!".4#4#$//$%4#.+!9!%1##./%"#!"#$2
You should not go to that place alone.
=E2%!$$./!%1!'%4#.$$!9!%!''&7%."#$"#!+%+.''."#$2
Today the milk is not watery, that is indeed good.
=F2%.3.-%+.''.%1!'/!-.-2%%.3.-%1!''&%4#.$$!%/.'.//.'&2
He is a good milkman. He did not mix water with the milk.
>G2%/.44.".4#4#$//$%("'&%&+,.%"#"6.4#4#$%/0"!%1.-.//$"#$2
Our national flag is flying over the building.
>=2%1#+.%3!-.4#'&%0-$%"-01'"+%)!#!9.%3!(!+.(*%-0(8.%%9.-.4#'&%1.-.+"#."#$2
Last week an aeroplane flew at a great height.
>>2%&+,.%1.6$%-0(8.%+.''.%1!'%/.-.//$"#$2 Our cow yields a lot of good milk.
>?2%$+,.%1.6$%&4#4#.+&%'&4.-%1!'%/.-.+"#."#$5
How many litres of milk did your cow give?
>@2%1!'/!-.-%1.6$3&%1!'%/.-.+"#!-2 The milkman milked the cow.
>A2%+!+,.%1.'.%3.-$6#.(%6.+"##6#.(!%3.-+"##(2 We lived happily for many years.
>B2%!+"#.%.89!6.(%#330-$%+!((&%-&$"$%"#.".3&%6&!9.+$(2
You should do this exercise twice every day.
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Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation. – Housework.
H: Housewuife, C: Cleaner.
T2%!+"#.%.-&9&%6$"#"#.(%6&!"#!+,.'!5 Have you cleaned this room?
R2%!++$(%!''&+,.7%/0+:.(%+"-.4#'&%6$"#"#.(%6&!9.%1#-"+2
Not yet Madam, I am going to clean it in a little while.
T2%("6&7%+!//!'!%&''!(%"#%6!9!%!-$//$"#$2%"#%6!%+.''.%4#$"&+,.2
The tables and chairs are all dusty. Dust them properly.
R2%6.-!+,.N(.7%."#$+,.%&''!(%4#$$!9!'&%+.''!%4#$"!11"+
Alright Madam, I will wipe all of them well with a cloth.
T2%4#$$!+,.%-0(8.%.'$//.%!-$//$"#$2%!$$.//!%/.44!9.(%4##!//.$$(2
The clothes are very dirty. You must wash them today.
R2%!$$.//!%(."#9!+.(%4#$$!+,.%&''!(%4#.3.-!(.%4##!11"+2
I shall wash all the clothes this afternoon without fail.
T2%&-.%4#$$!+,.(&%3&44$//$%($++!'&%/!9.1#"!"#!+,.2%4##44.4#'&%/!9.%1#"$+,.2
Don’t put the wet clothes to dry in front of the house. Put them in the garden to dry.
R2%6.-!+,.N(.7%.1"!9"%6&!-"+2 Alright Madam, I will do so.
Expansion Drill, For Lessons 33&34.
1!'/!-.+%-0(8.%/!'.(&%3.+"#!+2%%6&/-.(%1!'%/.-.+"#!+2%%."#$'&%/0+:.(%4#.$$!9$(
/.'.+"#!+2%%!"#&''!(%1!-//.%+!+%.+,&%!-$+"#"+2%%!+"#.%6.+,."#!%$+,.($//$%60''.%+!+
(.-.+"#"+2%%$+,.%3"'&%&110%($"!+"#."#$5%%/0+:.%+"-.4#4#$//$%($++!'&%($"!+"#."#$2
!+,&%3.+"#"+7%0-$%+!(!6#.(%$//!-+"#"+2%%%&+%3!4#9!-%!+"#.%1$64#.#.(%/0+"$3.+"#!-2
1$64#.#.(%/.!9!'!-$+"#$%/&'&%3!'$+"#."#$2%%."#&%&+.//$%1."!//.%4#.+"!-2%%+!+%."#&
&"$//.%/$+!+"#"+2%%1!44$%6."#"#.(%-!4#-!%1.4#4#$%(.$!//$%#!+"#."#$2%%"0;40-&%6.+"#!//.
!61.4#-!%&''!(%.'&+"#"+2%%.3.-%6.-!9!%1.++&+"$%(.$!//$%.-&//$%$((&%1$#$+"#!-2%%.110"#!+
(.'&9$(%#!+"#."#$2%%.+"#.%3!6#.9.(%&+.//$%!110"#!+%1$-!+"#."#$2%%+&+,.%("6&%("'&
6!!+"#!+,.7%$+,.%1"+.%3!'$+"#."#$7%.110%."#$%-&$"!%$"&+"#."#$2%%$+,.%3&44'&%-!4#-!%&''!(
3!(.//$%9"+%&-!+"#."#$5%%-!4#-!%$+,.($//$%+.''.%4#%//.(!5%%3!(.//$%6.+,."#!%$+,.($//$
&1"!%4#&-!+"#."#$5%%-!4#-!%&+%4#.'&%-0(8.%+0+"#."#$7%&+.//$%-0(8.%4#.'&%3.'!2%%."#.+!'&
+!+%3&44!'!-$+"#$%+.#.-.'&2)!"!0(*2%%%4#.'&%3.'!%/!'.(&"#!+%#!+"#."#$2
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Adi’s Book.
LESSON 35.
WITH ‘IN’ OR ‘N’ AS MEDIAL.
Among the following Weak Verbs:-
those ending in ‘u’ drop the’u’ and take ‘in’ as medial.
those not ending in ’u’ take ‘n’ as medial.
!7%%!#$ become, happen /.'$3$ wash (dishes not clothes)
3!'$+,$7%(&' chew, masticate 1.$$$ do, make
madakku fold, bend nadaththu conduct
+&44$ stretch niruththu stop (trans)
thodangu begin, start 4#.(($ push
thattu pat, knock thittu scold
/!+!(!'%1# be lost kattu tie, build
4#""$ search for (!4#4#$ change
6&4#4#$11# die thadavu stroke, smear
#44$ drive $+"!//$ create
+&+"#$ swim virumbu desire
thirudu steal (!-$%)!+4-* change
"(!+"#$%1# be deceived (.-.+"#$%1# forget
"(!4#4#$ deceive, cheat 4##+$ appear, seem
(!44$%)4-* hang thongu hang
4#%//$ lift pidungu wrench
/.'.44$ take off, dismantle, strip
Vocabulary
male mountain siharam hill-top
(.!"#!+.( open field, space
kulam tank kutte pond, puddle
samudhram ocean, sea kare shore, bank
#44.' hotel /.;#"-! performance
arume excellence avasaram urgency
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Adi’s Book.
thuvarppu tartness 1$(!11$ sourness
uppu saltness thithippu, inippu sweetness
kasappu bitterness /!-.( pungence
rusi taste (n) -$6!1!-%)624#4#* taste (v)
rasam pepper water (!(.#$ pepper
Sentences.
=2%!+"#!9!3.//$%3.".//"%-0(8.%$9.-.(!+.%(.'&%!-$//$"#$2
There is a very high mountain in the North of India.
>2%4&+6!+,#$(%#!'.-9$(%&3&-&64%6!#.-.4#4#$//$%($"#.'%($"#.''&%1#!6"-+"#!+,.2
Tensingh and Hilary reached the top of Everest first of all.
?2%1.-.4#4#&%4#!-$".%.+"#.%1.!9.+%(.-.4#4#$("'&%"-!+!+2
That boy climbed up the tree to steal the fruit.
@2%3.$"!9!'!-$+"#$%&1"!%!-.+,!+!+,.5 How did you get down from the cart?
A2%/.".'%4#.$$!%-0(8.%$11!%!-$//$"#$2 Sea water is very salty.
B2%+.+,.%(."#$-.!'&%0-$%+.''.%#44.''&%4#.+,!+#(
We stayed in a good hotel in Madhurai.
C2%+&+,.%-!4#-!%+.''.%4#%+,!+!+,.(!5 Did you sleep well last night?
E2%!+,&"#!+%+.(%/$'.+"#&+,.%+"4#$%3!'.9!"!+!+,.2
Our children played only here yesterday.
F2%!"#$%3!(.9!44$%(.!"#!+.(2 This is the playing field.
=G2%.3.-%1!44$</.;#;#"-!%.+$(&9!%!-$+"#."#$2
His music performance was excellent.
==2%.3.-%&''!%1!44$(%+.''.%1!"!+!-2 He sang all the songs well.
=>2%+"4#$%&++.%!+.4#$%)&++!;#$*7%+&+,.%&''!-$(%&+%#"!+!+,.5
What happened yesterday, why did all of you run?
=?2%.3.-%&+.//$%"0;40-%3&44&%/!44!+!-2 He showed me the doctor’s house.
=@2%+!+%&+%/$'.+"#&+,.($//$%0-$%+.''.%/."#&%60++"+2
I told my children a good story.
=A2%.+"#.%/%44.4#'&%9!-%.-$(&9!%1"6!+.+,.5
Who spoke excellently at that meeting.
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Adi’s Book.
=B2%!"#$%/$"!<4#.$$!%/$'.(2%!"#$'&%9!-$(%+!+"#./$"#!"#$2
This is a drinking water tank. No one should swim in it.
=C2%/#".!/!+.'%"-!%-0(8.%.'.#!+.%"-!2 The kodaikanal lake is a beautiful one.
=E2%+!+%$+,.'$//!#.%/#3!'$//$%($++!'&%-0(8.%+"-.(%+!+"+2
I waited for you near the temple for a very long time.
=F2%.3.+%4#!-$"!+!+7%."#.+!'&%.3.+&%1#'&6/!-.+,.%1!"!4#4#!+,.2
He stole, therefore the police caught him.
20. yenna sonninga? dhayavuseithu marupadiyum sollunga.
What did you say? Please say it again.
>=2%+!+,.%$+,.(&1.4#4#!%&'$"#!+!+,.7%!+!%/$'.+"#&9&1.4#4#!%0$$$(%&'$4#.'&2
You wrote about yourself, but you did not write anything about the child.
>>2%!+"#.%(!44!9&%6!11!"$+,.7%!"#$%-0(8.%!+!11!%!-$//$(2
Eat these sweets, this will be very sweet.
>?2%!"#$%-0(8.%/.6.11$2%&+.//$%/.6.11!+.%(.-$+"#$%3"$!(2
This is very bitter. I don’t want bitter medicine.
>@2%#44.'%6!11!"$%-0(8.%/!-.(7%!+!%-0(8.%-$6!9!%!-$//$"#$2%6!'.%6.(.9.(%."#$%6$"$%!''&2
Hotel food is very hot (taste), but it is very tasty. Sometimes it is not hot (temp).
>A2%1$(!11!+.%-.6.(%&+.//$%1!"!//!"#$2 I do not like sour pepper water.
>B2%"+%!+"#.%1.'.(%4#$3.-11!%!-$//$"#$5 Why is this fruit tart.
>C2%$+,.%.-.#!+.%/$"&9&%&+,&%3!+,!+!+,.5 Where did you buy your beautiful umbrella?
>E2%$+%1.6$%&+,.%4##44.4#4#$//$%3.+"#."#$2
Your cow came into our garden.
>F2%."#$%1$'%(!4#-$(%!''&7%6&"!+,.($(%("!+"#."#$2
It ate not only grass, but plants as well.
?G2%!+!("'&%!"$<(!"$+,.%4##44.4#4#$//$%3.-./%"!"#$2
From now on, goats and cows should not come into the garden.
?=2!$$./!%+!+%(04#4#.(%.+:$%1!".(%1."!4#4#"+2
Today I studied five lessons in total
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Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation. – At the Tailor’s.
T: Tailor C: Customer.
R2%.!9!7%&+.//$%6!'.%$"$11$+,.%.3.6.-.(!%3"$$(2%6&/-.(%/0"$//.%($"!9$(!5
Sir, I want some garments urgently. Can you give them quickly?
Q2%-&$"$%+!((&%/0"$11"+7%6.-!9!5 I will give them in two days, alright?
R2%+"4#4#$%!+"#.%4#$$!%3!+,!+"+2%!"#$'&%-&$"$%1"+46$(%-&$"$%;#0//!9$(%4#.!//.$$(2
I bought this material yesterday. Out of this two pants and two shirts should come.
Q2%&++.%60++!+,.7%!+"#.%4#$+!%-&$"$%1"+46$(%-&$"$%;#0//!9$(%1#"#!"#$2
(Ibeg your pardon), This is not enough cloth for two pants and two shirts.
R2%+!+%1#"#$(!+.%4#$$!%3!+,.%(.-.+"#.%1#+"+2%!$$./!%6.!+,!'.(%3!+,$3"+2
I forgot to buy enough cloth. I will buy it this evening.
Q2%!++0-$%4#$+!%&+.//$%/!44!+!+,.7%!''&9!5%."#&%9&++.%6&!9.$$(5
You showed me some other cloth, didn’t you? What’s to be done with that?
R2%!(!%."#$%8'0$6%4#$$!2%!+"#.%.(.3$'&%(%+$%8'0$6%4#.!//.$$(2
Yes, that is blouse cloth. Three blouses are to be made of this size.
Q2%6.-!+,.7%&''!(%3&((!/!'.(&%/.44!9.(%/0"$11"+2
Alright Sir, I will give them on Friday without fail.
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129
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 36.
WITH ‘IN’ OR ‘N’ AS MEDIAL, CONTINUED.
Vocabulary
(.'#!.11% jasmine -#:!11% rose
dazan dozen kadhambam mixed flowers, garland
!!1#%)O2+* be finished adi foot (length)
(!"#"#!-& pill /!!;#;#.' fever
&$$& oil udambu body
Sentences.
=2%+!+%!+"#.%4#.1!''&%1#".%(.-.+"#$1#+"+2 I forgot to post this letter.
>2%+&+,.%9&++.%6&!9.%3!-$(8!+!+,.5 What did you wish to do?
?2%!+"#.%!"$"#!+%3!'&%!'&9&%(&++."#$2 Only this goat chewed the plantain leaf.
@2%!+"#.%(!"#"#!-&9&%(&''./%"!"#$2%%+&+,.%!"#&%3!'$+,.$$(
You should not chew this pill. You should swallow this.
A2%$+,.%/.!9$(%/!'$(%+.''.%+&44.%($"!9$(!5
Can you stretch your arms and legs well?
B2%+"4#4#$%/.!</!'%/0+:.(%/0+:.(!%+&44!+"+7%.110%+.''!%+&44.%($"!+"#."#$2
Yesterday I stretched hands and legs little by little, then I was able to stretch well.
C2%1#+.%(!6.("#!+%+!+,.%4#.(!'%/.4#4#$//0((.%4#0".+,!+#(2
Only last month we started to learn Tamil.
E2%.3.-%/."#.3&%-0(8.%(&"#$3!%4#.44!+!-2 He knocked at the door very gently.
F2%&+%1"+.%/!$!(.'%1#+."#$%)/!+!(.'%1#;#$*2%3&"&''!(%4#""!+"+D%/!"&//.'&2
My pen was lost. I searched for it all over the house; didn’t get it.
=G2%(%+$%3.-$6#.4#4#$//$%($++!'&%.3.-%.11!%6&4#4#$1#+!-2
His father died three years ago.
==2%.3.-%&1"!%6&4#4#$1#+!-2 What did he die of?
=>2%.3.-$//$%-0(8.%+!'!%/!!;#;#.'!%!-$+"#."#$2
He had fever for a long time.
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=?23.$"!//!-.+%3.$"!9&%-0(8.%3"#.(!%#44!+!+2
The cart driver drove the cart very fast.
=@2%$+,.%/.!9&%+.''!%/.'$3!+!+,.(!5 Did you wash your hands well.
=A2%9!-%!+"#.%3"'&9&%1.$$!+,.5 Who did this work?
=B2%/%44.(%&+,&%+.".+"#."#$5%/%44.4#4#&%9!-%+.".4#4#!+!+,.5
Where was the meeting held? Who conducted the meeting?
=C2%.3.-&%!+,&%"+%+!-$4#4#!+&+,.5 Why did you stop him here?
=E2%!+"#.%1"+!3&%9!-%/!'&%4#.''!+!+,.5 Who knocked this pen down?
=F2%+!+%.3.+&%4#!44!+"+%!+!%."!//.'&2 I scolded him but did not hit him.
>G2%.3.-%4#.+%3&44&%4#!+"%/.44!+!-2 He built his house himself.
>=2%!$$.//!%+.(%+!9&%+&+,.%/$'!11!44!+!+,.(!2 Did you bathe our dog today?
>>2%&+%("6&9&%!+"#.%1.//.(%"+%4#!-!11!+!+,.5 Why did you turn my table this way?
23. chennaiyilirundhu eppo thirumbininga? When did you return from Chennai.
>@2%$+,.%1.'.9.%4#$$!9&%(!4#4#!+!+,.(!5 Did you change your old clothes?
>A2%!+"#.%&$+&9&%$".(8$%&''!(%+.''!%4#.".3!+!+,.(!5
Did you smear well the whole body with this oil?
Practical Conversation. – At a Flower Stall.
W: Woman, F: Flower Girl.
W2%!+,&%3.N(.2%$++!".(%9&++.%1%%!-$//$"#$5 Come here. What flowers do you have?
X2%%!110%&++!".(%(.''!#.!1%%(!4#-$(%!-$//$"#$2 I have only jasmine flowers.
W2%$+%/!44.%-#:.%1%%!''&9!2 Don’t you have roses?
X2%%&+/!44.%!-$+"#."#$7%!+!%&''!(%!!%1#+."#$%)!!%1#;#;#$*2
I had, but they are all gone.
W. kadhambam oru adi enna vile? How much is a foot of mixed flowers?
X2%%!+"#.%/."#.(8.(%0-$%."!%.+:$%-%8!7%."#$%&'$%-%8!%."!2
This garland is five Rupees a foot, that one is seven Rupees a foot.
W2%-#:!%1%%".Y.+%&++.%3!'&%3!/-&N(!5 For how much do you sell a dozen roses ‘ma?
X2%%+.''!%-#:.%1%7%1.++&+"$%-%8!%".Y.+2 Good roses, twelve rupees a dozen.
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&+.//$%(.'&%("'&%"-.%-0(8.%!6#4.(2%%(.'&9!'!-$+"#$%+!+%6$'.(8.(!%!-.+,!+"+2
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#44.'%6!11!"$%&+.//$%1!"!//!"#$2%%&+,.($//$%/$"!//.%4#.$$!%"-!9!'!-$+"#$%3.-$"#$2
;#&++.!%/.".'</.-&%)/.".-/.-&*%-0(8.%.'.#!+."#$2
(.'&%/!'.4#'&7%/$(.4#'&7%/$44&'&7%/!$.4#'&7%&''!%!".4#4#!'$(%4#.$$!%1!-//.'!(2
&+,.%%-%!4#'&%&1103$(%/0+:.%4#.$$!"#!+%#"$"#$2
!"#$%.-.(&9!+.%6!11!"$7%!+!%/0+:.(%/!-.(!%!-$//$"#$2
$+,.%/!$.4#4#$%4#.$$!%-0(8.%$11!%!-$//$"#$2%%!+"#.%1.'.(%"+%-0(8.%1$(!11!%!-$/$"#$5
.3.+,.%!+"#.%-044!9"%-$6!%1!-4#4#!+,.2
."#$%-0(8.%-$6!9!%!-$//$"#$%!++$%60++!+,.2%%!$$.//!%6!11!"$%-$6!%!''&2
.((!7%!+"#.%/.6.11$%(.-$+"#&%/$"!//.(!44"+2
."#$%/$"!//.%-0(8.%-0(8.%/.6.11!%!-$//$"#$2
-.6.(%"+%4#!4#!11!%!-$//$"#$5%%."$'&%;#.//.-&%/.'.+"#!+,.(!5
+!+%$+,.($//$%0-$%3!6#.9.(%60++"+2%%+&+,.%."#&%(.-.+"#.11#+!,.(!5
.3.-%&++.%$+,.(&%/"//.%3!-$(8!+!-5
+!+%!110"#!+%."#&%1.4#4#!%1"6.%4#0".+,!+"+2
&+.//$%$+,.%3&"$%4#&-!9!"#$7%.3.-"#!+%."#&%&+.//$%/!44!+!-2
+&+,.%$+,.%3&44&%&110%(!4#4#!+!+,.5
&+%;!-%6!3!%/!$!(.'%1#;#;#$2%%."#&%-0(8.%+"-.(%4#""!+"+2
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Adi’s Book.
LESSON 37.
WITH ‘TT’ AS MEDIAL.
In the following verbs, ‘du’ is dropped when adding the medial ’tt’ and endings.
6!11!"$ eat thodu touch
1#"$ throw vidu leave
padu suffer kashtappadu suffer, worry.
1-.9!6.11."$ try, endeavour 6.+"##6#.11."$ rejoice
ahappadu be found purappadu set out, start (on journey).
kumbidu worship /%11!"$ call
nadu plant sudu burn, shoot (with gun).
/"(3!11."$ hear
Vocabulary
/"'%)6244* hear /%;#;#.'%1#"$ make a noise
.#!9.(7%3!+.( sky /.".3$(7%"#"3.+ God
ulaham world 8#%(! the Earth
;#.+"-.+7%+!'! moon nakshathram star
.(!3.6& new moon 10O-$.(! full moon
6%-9.+ sun veyyil sunshine, sun heat.
(.$ mud, earth (.$.' sand, gravel
neruppu fire neruppu petti match box
4#$11!//! gun /.!4#$11!/! handgun
padippu education miruham animal
/!"$ forest iruttu dark (n).
singam lion puli tiger
pul grass pudhar bush, thicket
Sentences.
=2%4##44.//.-.+%0-$%1&-!9.%(.-.4#4#&%3&44!+!+2 The gardener cut a big tree.
>2%.3.+%.+"#.%(.-.4#4#&%4##44.4#4#$//$%3&(!9&%1#44!+2
He threw the wood out of the garden.
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Adi’s Book.
?2%+!+,&''!(%!110"#!+%6!11!44#(D%+&+,.%6!11!".'&9!5
All of us ate just now; are you not eating?
@2%+!+,.%+.''.%6.+,."#!9"%/"(3!1.44#(7%-0(8.%6.+"##6#.11.44#(2
We heard the good news, we were very happy.
A2%+&+,.%&++&%1.'.%"#.".3&%/%11!44!+,.7%!+!%+!+%3.-.($"!9.'&2
You invited me several times, but I could not come.
B2%.3.+$//$%1."!11$%!''&7%."#.+!'&%/.6#4.11.44!+2
He was not educated, so he suffered.
C2%&+%4##44.4#'&%.+"#.%1%%6&"!+,.%+.44"+2
I planted many flowering plants in my garden.
E2%4#.(!'%/.4#4#$//0((.%+!+%-0(8.%1-.9.6.11.44"+2
I tried hard to learn Tamil.
F2%%!#!9.4#'&%&++&++.%!-$//$"#$5 What (things) are in the sky?
=G2%3!+.4#'&7%6%-9.+$(%;#.+"#-.+$(%+./6#.4#-.($(%!-$/$"#$2
The sun moon and stars are in the sky.
==2%!$$./!%10O-$.(!%."#.+!'"#!+%+!'!3&%1!-//.%.'.#!%!-$//$"#$2
Today is the full moon, so the moon is very beautiful to look at.
=>2%.(!3!6&%+!(%;#.+"#-.+%4#&-!9!"#$2 At the new moon time the moon is unseen.
=?2%.$$./!%-0(8.%!-$44!%!-$//$(2 It will be very dark then.
=@2%+!(%6.+"##6#.(!%!-$//.%"#!+.+"##-$(%/.".3$(&%/$(8!".$$(2
We should worship God daily to be happy.
=A2%/.".3$(%-0(8.%-0(8.%+.''.3.-7%.3.-%+.($//$%&''!(%6&!3!-2
God is very kind, he will do everything for us.
=B2%/!44$%(!-$#.+,.(&%6$".%4#$11!//!%3"$$(7%/.!4#$11!//!%1#"#!"#$2
A gun is needed for shooting wild animals, a handgun is not enough.
=C2%1#'&6/!-.+,.%4#$1!//!9!'&%1$'!9&%6$44!+,.2
The police shot a tiger with a gun.
=E2%6!+,.($(%1$'!9$(%/!44$%(!-$#.+,.7%!"$(%(!"$(%3&44$%(!-$#.+,.2
The lion and tiger are wild animals, the goat and the ox are domestic animals.
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Adi’s Book.
=F2%+"4#4#$%1!".(%$+,.($//$%+.''!%3!(.+,!+."#!
Was yesterday’s lesson very clear to you.
>G2%Z+,.%1&44!9&%6.-!9!%1%44!+!+,.(!5 Did you lock your box properly?
21. indha marundhe aththane dhadave thadavininga?
How many times did you apply this medicine?
>>2%+!+%.3.-!".%1.'.%"#.".3&%"(!+"#$1#+"+2
I was deceived by him several times.
>?2%&++&%.3.-%.+"#.%"#.".3&%"(!4#4#!+!-2 He cheated me many times.
>@2%!+"#.%!-$44$%)!-$44!+.*%.-&'&%&1"!%3"'&%6&!-!+,.2
How do you work in this dark room.
>A2%[3.-%.+"#.%3"'&9&%3!44$3!44!-L%"+!++!%."#$%.3.-$//$%1!"!//.'&2
)L!+4&6!P!&"%M3!44!-N* He left (got out of) that job because he disliked it.
Practical Conversation. – At a Rural Hospital.
D: Doctor, P: Patient..
S2%$+%1"-%&++.N(!5%$+%3.9.6$%&++.5%$+%%-%&"#$5
What is your name? How old are you? Which is your village?
\2%&+%1"-%;#!++.((!2%"+%3.9.6$%!-$8.4#4#.+:$2%&+%%-%("'%-2
My name is Chinnamma. I am twenty five years old. My village is Melur
D. unakku enna kashtam? What is your trouble?
P. yenakku joram, irumbal, thale vali. I have fever, cough , headache.
S2%$+,.($//$%!+"#.%/.6#4.(%&4#4#.+&%+!(!%!-$//$"#$5
How long have you had this trouble?
\2%&+.//$%-&$"$%3!-.(!%!+"#.%/.6#4.(2 I have had this trouble for two weeks.
S2%$+,.($//$%!++$(%&++.%)3"-&++.*%/.6#4.(5
What other trouble do you have?
\2%.!9!7%&+.//$%$".(8$%&''!(%-0(8.%3.'!2 Sir, there is pain all over my body.
S2%6.-!%M(.7%.+,&%$//!-7%+!+%(.-$+"#$%/0"$/-"+2
Alright ‘ma, sit there, I will give you some medicine.
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Adi’s Book.
!$$.//!%/!'.(&%&++.%6!11!44!+,.5%%&++&%&++.%/"44!+,.5%%+!+%."#&%1.4#4#!%(.-.+"#$%1#+"+2
1.-3!%!''&7%&++&%9"+%/%11!44!+,.5%%+!+%.3.+,.(&%.1"!9!%/%11!44&+2
"+%.1"!%6."#"#.(%1#44!+,.5%%9!-%!+,&%/%;#;#.'%1#44."#$? (making a noise).
.3.-%$//!-.%+!+%+!//!'!9&%1#44"+2%%($"#.''&%/$'.+"#&+,.($//$%6!11!"$%1#44!+,.2
."#$//$%.1-.(%+!+,.%6.11!44#(2%%$+,.'&%1.4#4#!%+!+%+"4#4#$"#!+%/"'3!1.44"+2
!+"#.%1$64#.#.(%&+.//$%3.'!'&%.#.11.44."#$2%%&+%/$'.+"#&%."#&%.+,&%1#44."#$2
1%%6&"!+,.(&%/!$.4#4#$//$%3.'."#$%1.//.(%+.44!+,.(!5
9!-%!"$<(!"$+,.(&%4##44.4#4#$//$%$((&%3!44."#$5
!+"#.%3"'&9&%($"!//.%-0(8.%1-.9.6.1.44"+2%%."#$//!#.%-0(8.%/.6#4.11.44"+2
/.".6!'&%.+"#.%3"'&%($"!+"#."#$2%%."#.+!'&%+!+%-0(8.%6.+"##6#.1.44"$2
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Adi’s Book.
LESSON 38.
REVIEW (REVISION) No.III.
Vocabulary
.!9# oh dear! .!9#%1!3.( poor soul
""## something palahe, palake plank, board
jebam prayer jebam sei pray
visanappadu (w.tt) be sad
Practical Conversation. – Mother and Father.
M: Mother, F: Father.
X2%/.$$.+%&+,&%1#+!+5%&110%4#!-$(8.%3.-$3!+5
Where did Kannan go? When will he come back?
H2%/.$$.+%1.((!/%".4#4#$//$%1#+!+2%.+:$%(.$!//$%.1-.(%4#!-$(8$3!+
He went to school. He will come back after 5 o’clock.
X2%.3.+%+"4#4#$%3&44$//$%"+%-0(8.%1!+"#!%3.+"#!+5
Why did he come back very late yesterday?
H2%.3.+%-0(8.%1!+"#!%3.+"#!+%"+!++!%1.((!/%".4#'&%-0(8.%+"-.(%3!'.9!"!+!+2
He came very late because he played in the school for a very long time.
X2%!$$.//!%(."#9!+.(%&+,&%6!11!44!+5 Where did he eat this afternoon?
H2%.3.+%!$$.//!%4#.+%6+"#!"#.-#"$%1.((!/%".4#'&%6!11!44!+2%3&44'&%6!11!".'&2
Today he ate with his friends in the school. He didn’t eat at home.
X2%.+"#.%6!11!"$%.3.+$//$%1!"!4#4#."#!5 Did he like that food?
H2%.3.+%6+"#!"#.-%.3.+$//$%+.''.%6!11!"$%/0"$4#4#!+,.2
%%%%%."#$%.3.+$//$%-0(8.%1!"!4#4#."#$%!++$%60++!+2
His friends gave him good food. He said that he liked it very much.
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Adi’s Book.
Review No. III
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&1103$(%!-$/-"+7%+.(.//!%/%".%!-$11"+2%%-!(.+$(%-.#&($(%:!+$(%10+.%6.+!//!'.(&%&+,.
3&44$//$%3.+"#!+,.2%%&+%3&"$%&+,&%!-$//$"#$%4#&-!9$(!5%%4#&-!9$(7%$+,.%3!"$%/#3!'$//$
($++!'&%!-$//$"#$2%%6.-!"#!+!5%%!110%$+,.%3&44'&%9!-%!-$/-!+,.5%%.3.+,.''!(%+!(.$$.//!
;#&++.!'!-$+"#$%1$-.11."-!+,.2%%&++!".(%3.-.%.3.+,.($//$%6.+"##6#.(2
E2% !,.64% (!6.(% 1."#!+.+:!(% 4#""!% &+,.($//$% 3"'&% !''&7% "+!++!% .$$.//!% 6$"#.+"#!-.
"#!+.(%)!+"&1&+"&+;&%".9*2%%%%%."$4#4#.%3!-.(%4#!+,./!'.(&%+!+,.%(.-$1."!9$(%3"'&//$
1#3#(2%%+!+%/!'&%+!'!3."#$%.-&'&%3"'&%6&!-"+2%%+&+,.%&+.//$%-0(8.%+!'!%/."!"#.(%1#".'&2
+!+"#!+% $+,.($//$% 1.'.% "#.".3&% &'$"#!+"+2% % % % % % % % % $+,.'!".(!-$+"#$% &+.//$% 0-$
/."!"#.(/%".%3.-.'&2%%%"#.9.3$6&!"#$%$".+"%.3.-$//$%&'$"#$+,.2%%%!"#&%+!+,.%(.-.+"#$
1##./%"!"#$2%%3!'.+,$"#!%!''&9!2
F2%.3.-% 1&-!9.% 1.$.//!-.-2% % .3.-$//$% .+"#.% 3"'&/!-.+,.% !-$/-.+,.2% % .3.-%3&44'&% &1103$(
1."#!+.+:$% 1"-% 3&'&% 6&!-!+,.2% % !+"#.% 1.$.//!-.-% &''!-$//$(% +.''.3.-2% % .3.-% &''!-$//$(
+.''."#$%6&!-!-2%%!+!%&''!%1.$.//!-.-$(%+.''.3.+,.%!''&2%%!3.-&%+&+,.%6.+"#!44!+,.(!2%%+!+
.3.-&%0-"%0-$%"#.".3&%6.+"#!44"+2%%)0-"%0-$]%%0+'9%0+;&*
=G2%+!(%!110%/.".3$(&%/$(8!".%1#3#(7%3!+,.2%%+!(%+!("##-$(%:&8.(%6&!9.$$(2
+!(%+!''.3.+,.'!%!-$//.%/.".3$(%:&8.(%)3.$.//.(*%-0(8.%($/9.(2%%%/.".3$(%3.$.//.(
)1-.9&-% 40% ^0"*% &+.//$% 6.+"##6#.4#4#&% /0"$//$"#$2% % % +&+,.% 3.-$4#4#.11."!"#!+,.7
/.".3$(% $+,.(&% /!11!4#4#$3!-2% % % .3.-% &++&% /!11!4#4#!+!-2% % % !+"#.% +.''.% 3!-4#4#&//!#.
$+,.($//$%&+%+.+"-!2%%%$+,.%3!-4#4#&9&%+!+%/"11"+2%%%3.$.//.(7%1#!4$3.-"+2
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139
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 39.
PAST PARTICIPLES.
The meaning and use of the Past participles will be seen from the examples given below.
Forming Past Participles.
Verbs, past tense not taking ‘in’ as medial:-
drop the ending, and substitute ‘u’.
Past Tense Past Participle Meaning
3.+"#"+ vandhu having come
."!4#4#"+ adiththu having struck
6&!"#"+ seidhu having done
Verbs, past tense taking ‘in’ as medial:-
drop the termination.
3!+,!+"+ 3!+,! having bought
/!44!+"+ /!44! having shown
1!"!+"+ 1!"! having sung
Irregular Past Participles.
1#+"+ 1#! having gone
!+"+ !! having become
60++"+ solli having said
-------------------------
Negative Past Participles.
These are formed by .""!+,%%M!(&N%%40%4#&%!+P!+!4!3&2
vara 3.-!(& without coming
adikka ."!//!(& without hitting
6!11!". 6!11!"!(& without eating.
!''!(&7%%O!4#0$47 follows nouns and pronouns:-

1$64#.#.(%!''!(&%3!+,.2 Come without the book.
+!+%!''!(&%+&+,.%1##.'!(2 You may go without me.
-------------------------
140
Adi’s Book.
Sentences.
=2%/$'.+"#&+,.%1.(!//%".4#4#$//$%1#!%1."!/'.+,.2
The children go toschool and study.
>2%.+,&%&''!-$(%0$$.%6"-+"#$%3!(.9!"-!+,.2
There they all join together and play.
?2%+!+%0-$%;#&44$%&'$4#!%/0"$/-"+2%."#&%/0+"$1#!%"0;40-!".(%/0"$+,.2
I shall write a chit and give it to you. Take it and give it to the doctor.
@2%.3.+%6!11!44$%3&(!9&%1#+!+2 He ate and went out.
A2%!+"#.%1$64#.#.4#4#&%4#!-.+"#$%3!6!+,.2 Open this book and read.
B2%+!+%+!'"##-$(%/.".3$(&%/$(8!44$%4#%+,.%1#-"+2
Daily I pray to God and go to sleep.
C2%1.$.4#4#&%("6&%("'&%3.!4#$%/$(!//.%1#+"+2
I went to bathe having kept the money on the table.
E2%"#.9.3$6&!"#$%!3.-#"$%1#!7%&+%3&44&%.3.-$//$%/!44!%3!+,.2
Please go with him, show my house and come.
F2%+!+%$+,.($//$%1.'.%"#.".3&%60''!%.+$11!+"+2
I sent word for you several times. (idiom).
=G2%1&44!9&%+.''!%(%"!%1%44$%1#"$+,.2 Close the box well and lock it.
==2%/$'.+"#&%.((!3!".(%#"!%3.+"#."#$2 The child came running to the mother.
=>2%+!(%6!11!44&%&1103$(%+.''!%(&$$$%6!11!".$$(2
We should always chew our food well and eat it.
=?2%6&/-.(%6!11!44$%$".+&%.+,&%1#+,.2 Eat quickly and go there immediately.
=@2%$+,.%8."#!'&%1!-4#$"#!+%+!+%;#&++.!//$%1#3"+2
Only after having seen your reply I shall go to Chennai.
=A2%+&+,.%.+,&%10#!(&%!+,&%!-$//.%($"!9!"#$2
You cannot remain here without going there.
=B2%.3.+,.%8."#!'%!''!(&%+!+%/.44!9.(%1##.(!44"+2
I will certainly not go without their reply.
141
Adi’s Book.
=C2%!+"#.%3"'&9&%6&!"#$%.3.+,.%3&44$//$%1#+!+,.2
Having done this work they went home.
=E2%;#!++.%1.!9.+,.%(.!"#!+.4#'&%#"!%!"!%3!(.9!"-!+,.2
Small boys are playing happily in the open field.
=F2%/#3!'$//$%1##.7%+"-.%1#!%!"."#$%1.//.(%4#!-$(8.$$(2
To go to the temple, go straight and turn right.
>G2%.3.+,.%&+%4#.(!'%1!44&%/"44$%3!'$+"#$%3!'$+"#$%6!-!4#4#!+,.2
Having heard my Tamil song they laughed hilariously. (idiom)(fell about, laughing!)
>=2%+!+,.%(.(8!9!'!-$+"#$%+"4#4#$%1$-.11.44$7%!$$.//!%3"'%-%3.+"#$%6"-+"##(2
Setting out from Mumbai yesterday, we reached Vellore today.
>>2%!+"#.%1$64#.#.4#&%6&/-.(%1."!4#4#$%($"!4#4#$%&++!".(%/0"$+,.2
Read and finish this book soon and give it to me.
>?2%!$$.//!%+!+%6.+"##6#.(%!''!(&%3"'&%6&!-"+%"+!++!%/$(!//!(&%3.+"#"+2
I am unhappily working because I came without bathing.
>@2%/."#.3$%4#!-.+"$%!-$//$"#$7%"#.9.3$6&!"#$%(%"$+,.2
The door is open, please close it.
>A2%!$$.//!%&+,.%;!-%/&44$1#+."#$%)/&44$1#;#$*7%."#.+!'&%+!+,.%+.".+"#$%3.+"##(2
Our car broke down today, so we came walking.
Practical Conversation. – At a Furniture Shop.
C: Customer S: Shopkeeper.
R2%.!9!7%$+,.'!".(%("6&<%+!//!'!+,.%4#.9!-!%!-$//$"#!5
Do you have chairs and tables ready made?
I2%!(!%!-$//$"#$7%$+,.($//$%&++.%)&+4#.*%(.-.4#'&%3"+$(5
Yes we have, what wood do you want?
R2%+%//.%(.-.4#'&%3.!4#$%!-$/-!+,.'!5 Do you have them in rosewood?
I2%($++!'&%3.!4#$%!-$+"##(2%!110%4"//$%(.-.4#'&"#!+%!-$//$"#$2
We had before. Now we have them only in teakwood.
R2%$+,.%/."&'&%3.44.%)3.44.(!+.*%6!11!44$<("6&%!-$//$"#!5
Do you have a round dining table in your store?
142
Adi’s Book.
I2%!110%4#.9!-!%!''&2%&+,.($//$%!-".-%/0"$+,.2%0-$%3!-.4#'&%6&!4#$%/0"$/-#(2
Not ready now. Give us an order. We’ll make it and give it in a week.
R2%!$$.//!%!-".-%/0"$11#(2%&+,.%6!(!+%&110%)&4#4#.+&%+!((&*%&+,.($//$%/!".!//$(2
We’ll give an order today. When can we get our things.
I2%$+,.%!-".-$//!#.%+.+"-!2%$+,.%6!(!(%$+,.($//$%0-$%3!-.4#'&%/.44!9.(%/!".!//$(2
Thanks for your order. You will get your things without fail in a week.
+!+%6&/-.(%6!11!44$%4#%+,.%1#+"+2%%4#%//.4#4#!'!-$+"#$%&'$+"#$%&++.%6&!"#!+,.5%%/0+:.(
+"-.(%4#%+,!%.1-.(%/."!"#.(%&'$"#!+"+2%%/."!"#.(%&'$"#!%.3.-!".(%/0"$4#4#"+2%%%.3.-
."#&% 3!+,!% 4#.1!'% !1&6$//$% /0+"$1#+!-2% % % ."#&% /0+"$1#!% 4#.1!'% 1&44!'&% 1#44!-2% % .+"#.
/."!"#.(% 6"-+"#$% 8."#!'$(% 3.+"#."#$2% % $+,.($//$% 9&++.% 60''!% .+$11!+!-5% % .3.-
$+,.($//!#.%!+"#.%1$64#.#.4#4#&%/0"$4#4#$%.+$11!+!-2 % % !"#&% 6!11!44$% 4#.$$!% /$"!+,.2
!+,&-$+"#$% &44$% (.$!//$% 1$-.11.44$% .+,&% &4#4#.+&% (.$!//$% 10!6"-+"#!+,.5% % +!+% -!4#-!
-&$"$% (.+!//$% 3.+"#$% 6"-+"#"+2% % .3.+,.% /.6#4.11.44$% !+"#.% 1$64#.#.(% &'$"#!+!+,.2
3"'%-&% 3&44$% &110% 10-!+,.5% % !+"#.% .-$(&9!+.% 4#$$!9&% 4#044$% 1!-!+,.2% % $+,.% 1!44&% /"//$
-0(8.% 6.+"##6#.11.44"+2% % .3.+,.% &''!(% /03!'$//$% 1#!% /.".3$(&% /$(8!44$% 3.-!+,.2
/."&9!'!-$+"#$%0-$%".Y.+%1.'.(%3!+,!%3.+"#"+2%%+!+,.%6.!+,!'.(%&''!(%3!(.9!"!%!110"#!+
1#-#(2% % % .3.-% 0-$% (.$!% +"-.(% 1"6!% $//!-+"#!-2% % % +!+,.% (.-.+"#$1#!% !+"#.% 3"'&9&
6&!"#!+,.(!5%%$+,.%("6&9&%/0+:.(%4#.''!%3.!+,.2%%+!+,.%!+,&%3.+"#$%0-$%3.-$6#.(%!+."#$
)!;#;#$*2%%1!'/!-.+,.%1!''&%4#.$$!%/.'.+"#$%3!/-!+,.2% % % +&+,.% !$$.//!% &++&% 1!-//!(&
1##./%"!"#$2% % % 4#.(8!7% 1."!//!(&% !+,&% &++.% 6&!-&2% % % 0$$$(% (.-.//!(&% &''!
6.+,."#!9$(60''.$$(2% % +&+,.% .+"#.% 4#!-$".+&% 1!"!//!(&% 3!"./%"#!"#$2% % +!+,.% 3&44'&
6!11!"!(&%#44.''&%6!11!44#(2%%."#&%&+%.-&'&%3.!//!(&%!+,&%"+%3.!4#4#!+,.5%%!"#$//!#.%+!+
!'!(&% &++.% 6&!3"+5% % +!+% )&++!'&*% 6!-!//!(&% !-$//.% ($"!9!"#$2% % !+"#.% +.''.% 3!"#9!-
/$-.+"#&+,.(&%."!//!(&%/.4#4#$//0"$/-!-2%%-0(8.%+!'!%(.'&%1&!9!(&%!-$//$"#$2%%/!11!
!''!(&%+!+%3"'&%6&!9.($"!9!"#$2%%1.$.(%!''!(&%/."&4#&-$//$%1##.(!44&+2%%6!'.%6.(.9.(
+!+% ;#.//.-&% !''!(&% /!11!% /$"!/-"+2% % 3"'&% !''!(&% .3.-$//$% -0(8.% /.6#4.(!% !-$//$"#$2
.+"#.%1"-%3&"$%!''!(&%6!11!"$%!''!(&%4#$$!+,.%!''!(&%/.6#4.1."-!+,.2%%$+,.%$"#.3!%!''!(&
+!+%!+"#.%3"'&%6&!9.%($"!9!"#$2
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143
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 40.
PERFECT AND IMPERFECT TENSES.
Perfect Tenses
To form Perfect Tenses for any Verb, use the
Past Participle plus ‘iru’ plus Personal Endings
according to Number, Gender, Person and Tense.
e.g. +!+%3.+"#$_!-$/-"+%` +!+%3.+"#!-$/-"+ I have come.
similarly, +!+%3.+"#!-$+"#"+ I had come
+!+%3.+"#!-$11"+ I will have come
Note:- Future perfect also expresses ‘would have’
+!+%3.+"#!-$11"+ I would have come.
Imperfect Tenses
To form Imperfect Tenses for any Verb, use the
Past Participle plus ‘kondiru’ plus Personal Endings
according to Number, Gender, Person and Tense.
.3.-%3.+"#$_/0+"!-$/-!-%` avar 3.+"#$/0+"!-$/-!- He is coming
similarly, .3.-%3.+"#$/0+"!-$+"#!- He was coming
.3.-%3.+"#$/0+"!-$11!- He will be coming
Colloquial Corruption.-modifying ‘kond’ to ‘knu’ or ‘kittu’,
/0+"!-$/-!- /+$%$-$/-!- /!44$%!-$/-!-
/0+"!-$+"#"+ knu irun"#"+ /!44$%!-$+"#"+
/0+"!-$11"+ /+$%!-$11"+ /!44$%!-$11"+
+!+%!110%&'$"#!/+$%!-$/-"+%)&'$"#!%/0+"!-$/-"+*2 I am writing now.
+!+%6!11!44$/!44$%!-$+"#"+%)6!11!44$%/0+"#!-$+"#"+* I was eating.
Sentences.
=2%+!(%!+"#.%3!"#.(!+.%3"'&%($++!'&%6&!"#!-$/-#(2
We have done this kind of work before.
>2%$+,.(&%1!-//.%+!+%1.'.%"#.".3&%3.+"#!-$+"#"+2
I had come to see you several times.
144
Adi’s Book.
?2%.3.-%+!(.//!%6.!+,!'.(%!-/!44$//$%1#!%!-$11!-2
By tomorrow evening he will have gone to Arcot.
@2%+&+,.%.3.-&7%&+,&%&1"!%6.+"#!4#4#$%!-$/-!+,.5
Where and how have you met him?
A2%+!+%$+,.(&%/."&4#&-$'&%1!-4#4#$%!-$/-"+2 I have seen you in the bazaar.
B2%/$'.+"#&%4#$+,!/!44$%!-$//$"#$2 The child is sleeping.
C2%.3.-%-!4#-!%4#%//.(%!'!4#.%!-$+"#!-7%."#.+!'&%!110%+.''!%4#%+,-!-2
He was without sleep last night, so he sleeps soundly now.
E2%+&+,.%!++$(%/0+:.(%+!((&%+.''!%4#.(!'%1"6!%/0+"!-$11!+,.2
In a few days you will be speaking Tamil fluently.
F2%+"4#4#$%3&44'&%&++.%6&!"#$%/0+"!-$+"#!+,.5
What were you doing yesterday at home?
=G2%+!+%+"4#4#&''!(%/."!"#.+,.%&'$"#!%/0+"!-$+"#"+2
Yesterday I was writing letters the whole day.
==2%1%+&%1!'%/$"!4#4#$%/0+"!-$//$"#$2 Tlhe cat is drinking milk.
=>2%+!+%!+"#.%(.-$+"#$%/$"!4#4#!-$/-"+2 I have taken this medicine.
=?2%.3.+,.%!+,&%-0(8.%6."#"#.(!%1"6!%/0+"!-$/-!+,.2
They are talking here very loudly.
=@2%+!(.//!%!++"-.(%+!(%-&+"$%1"-$(%-.9!''&%1#!/0+"!-$11#(2
Tomorrow by this time we will both be going in the train.
=A2%+!+%-!4#-!%$+,.(&%1!-//.%3.-.'&%"+!++!%.110%(.'&%1&!"#$%/0+"!-$+"#."#$2
I did not come to see you last night because it was raining.
=B2%+&+,.%+"4#4#$%/%44.4#4#$//$%3.+"#!-!+"#!+,.(!5
Did you come to the meeting yesterday
=C2%+!+,.%!110%1.4#4#$%1"-$//$%6!11!""$%6.(&4#4#$%!-$/-#(
We have cooked food for ten people now.
=E2%.3.+%.+,&%"+%1#!/0+"!-$/-!+5 Why is he going there?
=F2%6.+!//!'.(&%6!!+,!'.(%+!+,.%/!4#4#$%3!+,.%1#!/0+"!-$/-#(.
On Saturday evening we were going for a stroll. (lit. getting air, ‘breath of fresh air’)
145
Adi’s Book.
>G2%.1"!9!5%-0(8.%6.+"##6#.(7%+!+,./%".%!$$.//!%1##.1#-#(2
Is that so? very glad, we are also going today.
>=2%.3.-%+.(.//!#.%-&$"$%(.$!%+"-.(%/!4#4#$/0+"#!-$+"#!-2
He was waiting for us for two hours.
>>2%.11!3$(%.((!3$(%+.((!".(!-$+"$%/."!"#.(%&"#!-1!-4#4#$%/0+"!-$11!+,..
Mother and father will be expecting letters from us. (looking for).
>?2%/$'.+"#&%."!//."!%"+%.'$"#$%/0+"#!-$+"#."#$5
Why was the child crying frequently?
>@2%."#$//$%4#%//.(%3.-.'&7%."#.+!'&%&+.//$%/.6#4.(%/0"$4#4#$/0+"!-$+"#."#$2
It did not get sleep, hence it was giving me trouble.
>A2%+!+,.%!-$%1"-%4#.(!'%/.4#4#$/0+"!-$/-#(2
We six people are learning Tamil.
Practical Conversation. – Study or Play?
M: Mother, C: Child.
H2%/-!6#+!7%1."!//!(&%!110%&++.%6&!"#$/0+"!-$/-&5
Krishna, what are you doing now instead of studying.
R2%3!(.9!"!%/0+"!-$/-"+2%/0+:.%+"-.4#4#$//$%.1-.(%1."!/-"+N(!2
I am playing. I will study after a little while, mum.
H2%+!+%$+.//$%1.'.%"#.".3&%60''!%!-$/-"+2%+&%6.-!9!%!-$%(.$!//$%1."!//.%!-.(8!//.$$(2
I have told you several times. You should start studying at exactly six.
R2%+!(.9!'!-$+"#$%.1"!9"%6&!-"+2%!$$.//!%(.44$(%/0+:.%+"-.(%3!(.9!"-"+N(!2
From tomorrow I will do just that. Today only I am playing just a little while.
H2%6$((!%1"6!%/0+"!-$//!"#&2%+!(.//!%3!"9!'.9!(7%!+!%+&%!110%/.44!9.(%1."!//.$$(2
Don’t keep talking. Tomorrow you may play, but now you must study.
R2%6.-!N(!2%.11!%3.+"#!-!5 Alright mum. Has father come?
H2%!++$(%3.-.'&2%+&%6&/-.(%1#!%1."!7%!''"+!%.11!%3.+"#$%$++&%."!11!-2
Not come yet. You go and study quick, or father will come and hit you.
-------------------------
146
Adi’s Book.
&+,.% 6.(&9.'/!-.-% !$$.//!% +.''.% 6.(&9.'% 6&!"#!-$/-!-2% % % +!+% .3.-&% 1.'.% "#.".3&
6.+"#!4#4#$%!-$+"#"+2%%%$+,.%3&44$//$%3.-.%+!+&4#4#$%!-$+"#"+2%%%.3.+%.+"#.%($/9.(!+.
/."!"#.4#&% /!'!4#4#$% !-$11!+2% % !3(.3$% +"-.(% .3.+,.% 1!".(% !-.(8!4#4#$% !-$11!+,.2% % +!+
!+"#.% 1$64#.#.(% !3(.3$"#!+% ($"!4#4#$% !-$/-"+2% % % .+"#.% 1.!9.+,.% -0(8.% 6!-!4#4#$<
/0+"!-$/-!+,.2%%+&+,.%&1103$(%."#&1.4#4#!%"+%+!+&4#4#$/0+"#!-$+"#!+,.5
!++$(% (.'&% 1&!"#$/0+"!-$//$"#!5% % % "0/40-% !61.4#-!'&% 3"'&% 6&!"#$% /0+"!-$/-!-2
/$'.+"#&%"+%-0(8.%.'$"#$/0+"!-$/-!+5%%!$$.//!%&4#4#.+&%6"'&+,.%+&!"#!-$11!+,.5%%+&+,.
&3'.3$%+"-.(%$//!-+"#$/0+"!-$+"#&+,.5%%$'.3.+,.%3.9.''&%$'$"#$/0+"#!-$/-!+,.2%%+&+,.
1.'.9.%1!".+,.(&%(.-.+"#$%1#!%!-$/-!+,.7%!''&9!5%%.3.+,.%!++$(!%6!11!44$/0+"!-$/-!+,.2
!"#$//$%$((&%!+"#.%6.(!;#;#!-.(%&''!-$//$(%4#&-!+"#$%!-$//$(2
+!+%$+,.%%-$//$%."!//."!%3.+"#$%!-$+"#"+2%%+&+,.%.3.-$//$%&3(.3$%1.$.(%/0"$4#4#$
!-$/-!+,.2% % ."#$% 3"#.(!% &+,&% 1#!/0+"!-$//$"#$5% % % /%44.(% &44$% (.$!//$% ($++!'&
($"!+"#$%!-$+"#."#$2%%.3.-$//$%1.'.%/."!"#.+,.%&'$"#!%!-$/-"+2%%;#!++.%1.!9.+,%1%+,.
4#!-$"!/0+"!-$+"#!+,.2% % +&+,.% 1!44$% .'.#!% 1!"!/0+"!-$+"#!+,.2% % +!+% ."#&% ,#.3.+.(!
/"44$/0+"!-$+"#"+2% % % !+"#.% 3&9!''&% "+% .'&+"#$/0+"!-$/-!+,.5% % % +!+% $+,.(&"#!+
4#""!/0+"!-$+"#"+2%%+&+,.%-0(8.%+&-.(%!+,&%!''&7%&+,&%1#!%!-$+"#!+,.5%%.+"#.((!%1.44$<
6"'&+,.'&%(."!4#4#$/0+"!-$/-!+,.2%%+!+%.-&+,.%&''!(%1%44!%!-$+"#"+2%%!110%."#$+,.%&''!(
thirandhu irukkudhu.
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Adi’s Book.
LESSON 41.
CONDITIONAL FORMS.
Positive Conditional-‘if’.
Present and Future Conditional is expressed:-
(a) by adding M!N%40%4#&%1.64%medial,
Past tense Conditional Meaning
3.+"#"+ 3.+"#! if I come
1!-4#"+ 1!-4#4#! if I see
60++"+ 60++! if I say
or (b) by adding M+!N%40%1-&6&+47%1.647%.+"%P$4$-&%%4&+6&7
+&+,.%3.-!+,.+! if you come
+&+,.%3.+"#!+,.+! if you come
+&+,.%3.-$3!+,.+! if you come
to make the present and future conditional forms.
Past Conditional is expressed:-
(a) by adding M!N%40%4#&%1.64%1&-P&;4%(&"!.'7
+!+,.%3.+"#$%!-$+"#! if you came
Negative Conditional ‘if not’.
Q#!6%!6%&J1-&66&"%89%.""!+,%M!3!44!N%0-%M!''"+.N40%an infinitive,
regardless of number, gender, person or tense.
+&+,.%3.-!3!44! or +!+,.%3.-.'&+!7 meaning:-
if you do not come, or if you did not come, or if you will not come.
Note:-M!3!44!N%0-%M!''"+.N%P0llows nouns or pronouns.
1&+;!'%!''"+!%1"+!%/0+"$3!+,.2%%%0-%%%1&+;!'%!3!44!%1"+!%/0+"$3!+,.2
Bring a pen if not a pencil.
+!+,.%.+,&%!''&+!7%+!+%3.-.(!44"+2%%%0-%%%+!+,.%.+,&%!''!3!44!7%+!+%3.-.(!44"+2
I will not come of you are not there.
-------------------------
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Adi’s Book.
Vocabulary for Lesson 41
aththe aunt ;#!4#4#.11! uncle
(&6& moustache ($(& grow
!(7%1"- person +"-.(%!;#$ it is time
!++0-$7%3"-0-$ another ghanam, ede weight
maththa the other '"6$ lightness
!++0$$$7%3"-0$$$ another one 0-$3"(& perhaps
/$-&7%/.((!%!#$ decrease /$'!! tap, pipe, tube
udambu body 3"-& different, any other
jananga people
Sentences.
=2%+&+,.%+!("##-$(%4#.(!'%1."!4#4#!7%4#.(!'%+.''.%1&6.($"!9$(2
If you study Tamil daily, you can speak Tamil well.
>2%.3.-%&++&%/%11!44."#!+%+!+%1#3"+2 Only if he calls me I shall go.
?2%.3.-%&++&%/%11!".'"+!%)/%11!"!3!44!*%+!+%1##.(!44"+2
If he does not call me I shall not go.
@2%/$'.+"#&+,.%1!'%/$"!4#4#!%6$#.(!%!-$11!+,.2
If the children drink milk they will be healthy.
A2%,#.+.(%/$-&9.%)/.((!%!#.*%/0+:.(!%6!11!".$$(2
You should eat less to lose weight.
B2%,#.+.(%/$-&+"#!%$".(8$%'"6.%!-$//$(2 If you lose weight the body will be light.
C2%&++.//$%!+"#.%+!//!'!%3"$!(7%3"-0$$$%/0+"$3.+"#!%+.''!%!-$//$(2
I don’t want this chair, if you bring another one it will be nice.
E2%1.4#4#$%1"-%!+"#.%3"'&%6&!4#!%."#&%6&/-.(%($"!9$(2
If ten people do this work it will be finished quickly.
F2%/%44.4#4#$//$%-0(8.%:.+.+,.%3.+"#!%+!+%1##.(!44"+2
If a lot of people come to the meeting I will not go.
=G2%+&+,.%-!(.+"%1!-4#4#4!7%!+,&%3.-.%60''$+,.2
If you see Raman, tell him to come here.
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Adi’s Book.
==2%$+,.($//$%1.$.(%!''!3!44!%&+.//$%60''$+,.2
Tell me if you don’t have money.
=>2%-0(8.%+.+"-!7%&+.//$%1.$.(%3"$$(!+!%+!+%$+,.''$//$%60'3"+2
Many thanks, if I want money I shall tell you.
=?2%(.'&%1&!"#!%+&+,.%3&(!9&%1##./%"!"#$2
If it rains you should not go out.
=@2%.3.-$//$%6$#.(!''"+!%"0;40-!".(%$".+&%/.44.9.(%1##.$$(2
If he is not well he must go to the doctor’s at once.
=A2%+&+,.%(""#$3!%1"6!+!%&+.//$%6.-!9!%3!(.+,$"#$2
If you speak slowly I understand properly.
=B2%+!+%0$$$%60$$!7%.3.-%3"-0$$$%6&!-!-2 If I say one thing, he does another.
=C2%.4#4#&//$%(&6&%($(&4#4#!%;#!44.11!%!3!-2%)1-03&-8*
If an aunt grows a moustache, she will become an uncle. (Eng. Pigs might fly!)
=E2%-0(8.%"#%-.(%+.".+"#!%$+,.%/!'%3.'!//$(2
If you walk a long distance your legs will ache.
=F2%+&+,.%1!"!+!%.3.-%!"$3!-7%+&+,.%1."!3!44!%.3.-%!".(!44!-2
If you sing she will dance, if you do not sing she will not dance.
>G2%.'$"#."#!+%/$'.+"#&//$%1!'%/!".!//$(2 A child will get milk only if it cries.
>=2%+&+,.%4#.9!-!%!-$+"#!7%+!(%!110%3&(!9&%1##.'!(
If you are ready, we may go out now.
>>2%$+,.($//$%0-$%!+%/$'.+"#&%1!-.+"#!7%&''!-$(%6.+"##6#.11."$3!+,.2
If a baby boy is born to you, everybody will rejoice.
>?2%+!(%3"'&'&%,#.3.+.(!%!-$+"#!"#!+%3"'&9&%+.''.%6&!9.($"!9$(2
Only if we are careful in our work can we do the work well.
>@2%.3.-%&+%3&44$//$%3.-!3!44!%&+.//$%3.-$4#4#.(!%!-$//$(2
If he does not come to my house I shall be sorry.
>A2%0-$3"'&%+!+%3.-.(!44"+7%9"+!++!%-0(8.%+"-.(%!;#;#$2
Perhaps I shall not come, because the time is over.
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Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation. – Can I Drink This Water?
W: Westerner L: Local Indian.
W2%.!9!7%$+,.($//$%/$"!//.%4#.$$!%&1"!%/!".!//$"#$5
Sir, how do you get your drinking water?
a2%%&+,.($//$%/$'!!%(%'.(!%4#.$$!%3.-$"#$2 We get water through pipes.
W2%/$'!!//$%9&+,!-$+"#$%4#.$$!%/!".!//$"#$5 From where is the water piped?
a2%%!4#4#!'!-$+"#$%/$'.!//$%4#.$$!%3.-$"#$2 Water comes to the pipe from the river.
W2%!4#4#!'&%4#.$$!%!''!3!44!7%9&++.%6&!3!+,.5
If there is no water in the river, what will you do?
V2%%!4#4#!'!-$+"#$%4#.$$!%/!".!//!3!44!7%3&44$%/!$.4#4#!'!-$+"#$%4#.$$!%/!".!//$(2
If we don’t get water from the river, we’ll get it from the well of our house.
W2%!+!%/!$.4#4#$%4#.$$!%$11!%!-$+"#!7%9&++.%6&!3!+,.5
But if the well water is salty, what will you do?
V2%%&++.%6&!9.'!(5%9&+,.($//$%3"-&%4#.$$!%!''&2%4#.$$!//$%1.$.(%/0"$4#$%3!+,.$$(2
What can we do? We have no other water. We should get water by payingfor it.
.+"#.%1&44!%,#.+.(!%!-$+"#!%+!+%."#&%4#%//.($"!9!"#$2%%1.4#4#$%!'%!+"#.%3"'&9&%6&!"#!7
6&/-.(!%($"!9$(2%%!"#&%:.+.+,.%1.-4#4#$%!-$+"#!7%3!'$+"#$%3!'$+"#$%6!-!4#4#$%!-$11!+,.2
+!+% ;#&++.!//$% 1#+!7% 0-$3"(&% .3.-&% 6.+"#!11"+2% +&+,.% +.".+"#$% 1#+!% -0(8.% +"-.(
!#$(2% % 4#.(!'% 1!".+,.% '"6.% )6$'.8.(!*% !-$+"#!% +.''!% !-$//$(2% % $+,.% ,#.+.(% /$-&+"#!
$+,.'$//$%+.''."#$2%%+.+%4#.(!''&%1&6!+!7%+&+,.'$(%4#.(!'%1&6$3!+,.7%!''&9!5%%.3.-$//$%4&
1!"!//!3!44!% /!11!% /$"!//.'!(2% % % +!+,.% 6.(&9.'% 6&!9.% ($"!9!3!44!7% 6$#.(% !#.(!44!+,.2
1%%6&"!+,.%!''!3!44!%4##44.(%.'.#!%!-$//!"#$2%%-!4#-!'&%4#%//.(%!''!3!44!%."$4#4#.%+!'%3&'&
6&!9.%/.6#4.(!%!-$//$(2%%%/!4#4#$%."!//!3!44!%!++$(%6%"!%!-$//$(2% % % +!("##-.(% 4#.(!'
1."!//!3!44!% 1!"$+,.% (.-.+"#$% 1##$(2% % % !+"#.% 6.+,#."!% $+,.($//$% 60''!3!44!% &+.//$
4#%//.(%3.-!"#$2%%.3.-%/%44.4#4#$//$%3.+"#$%!-$+"#!%&''!(%4#&-!+"#$%!-$//$(2%%.3.+,.
1.+.(%/0"$4#4#$%!-$+"#!7%+!+,.%.+"#.%6!(!+&%3!+,!%!-$11#(2
(.'&% 1&!"#$% !-$+"#!% !3(.3$% 6%"!% !-$//!"#$2% % % % +&+,.% .3.-&% /"44$% !-$+"#!% .3.-% ."#&
$+,.($//$% /0"$4#4#$% !-$11!-2% % 1.('!/%".(% !''&+!% /$'.+"#&+,.($//$% -0(8.% 6.+"##6#.(2
$+,.($//$%1.6!%!''&+!%6!11!"!"#!+,.2%%"#!#.(%&"$4#4#."#$+!7%:!64#!%4#.$$!%/$"!//.$$(2
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Adi’s Book.
4#.1!'%!1&6%1.//.(%1#3!+,.+!%."#&%4#.1!''&%1#"$+,.2%%$+,.%3"'&9&%!110%!-.(8!4#4#!"#!+
6!!+,!'.4#4#$//$% $((&% ($"!9$(2% % % % % % 3!"#9!-% 1!".+,.(&% 6.-!9!% /.4#4#$//0"$//!3!44!
(!+.3.-$//$% /.6#4.(2% % % 3&44'&% ;#.//.-&% !''&+!% 3&''.(% $8.9#,!//.'!(2% % % /.!'&% 1.$.(
!''!3!44!% -0(8.% /.6#4.(!% !-$//$"#$2% % ."#$% $+,.'$//$% 4#&-!9.'&+!% &++&% /"'$+,.2% % (.'&
("'&%!-$+"#$%1!-4#4#!%,-!(.(%&''!(%+.''!%4#&-!9$"#$2
(%//$</.$$!"!% !''!3!44!% +.+% 1."!//.% ($"!9.'&2% % 4#!-$".+&% "#.+"!//.'&+!% (.-$1."!9$(
4#!-$"$3!+2% % +.''."#$% +!+&//!3!44!% 1.-3.% !''&7% !+!% /&44."#$% +!+&//./%"!"#$2% % .+"#.
3!(.//$%&-!9!3!44!%!+"#.%3!(.//$%1#"$+,.2
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Adi’s Book.
LESSON 42.
‘EVEN IF’ AND ‘EVEN IF NOT’.
‘even if’:- use conditional form plus ‘lum’
irrespective of number, gender and person.
Conditional ‘even if’
.3.+%3.+"#! if he comes .3.+%3.+"#!'$( even if he comes
.3.+%."!4#4#! if he strikes .3.+%."!4#!'$( even if he strikes
‘even if not’ and ‘although’:- use negative conditional form plus ‘lum’
irrespective of number, gender and person.
.3.+%3.-.'&+! if he does not come .3.+%3.-.'&+!'$( even if he does not come
.3.+%3.-!3!44! if he does not come .3.+%3.-!3!44.'$( even if he does not come
Vocabulary
6$((!7%;#$((! just, simply, purposeless, costless, free
6$(!-7%6$(!-! aproximately, not bad, about right
6$((!%!-$%)62+"#* be quiet sumara iru (s.ndh) be better(health)
nadaththu (w.in) conduct (meeting), treat(guest)
!-$+"#!'$( nevertheless !+!'$( nevertheless
mahan son mahal daughter
6.##"#.-.- brother 6.##"#.-! sister
6+"#!"#.-7%+.+8.- friend (m.) 6+"#!"#! friend (f)
erume buffalo 1!"#! half (measure)
/!'%)"%8&P0-&* a quarter ($//!'%)"%8&P0-&* three quarters
Sentences.
=2%+&+,.%"#!+.+"##-$(%&3(.3$%1!'%3!+,-!+,.5 How much milk do you buy daily?
>2%+!+,.%"#!+.+"##-$(%.-&%'!4.-%&-$(&%1.'%3!+,-#(2
We buy half a litre of buffalo milk every day.
?2%6!'.%6.(.9.(%6!!+,!'.4#'&%/!'%'!4.-%1.6$(1!'%3!+,-#(2
Sometimes we buy a quarter litre of cow’s milk in the evening.
@2%+&+,.%1##!'$(%+!+%1##.(!44"+2 Even if you go I shall not go.
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Adi’s Book.
A2%.3.-%3.-!3!44!'$(%+!+%/.44!9.(%10#.$$(2
Even if he does not come I must go.
B2%.3.+,.%&44$%(.$!//$%3.+"#!'$(%1#"#$(2
It is enough even if they come at eight o’clock
C2%!"#$//$%+&+,.%1.4#4#$%-%8!%/0"$4#4#!'$(%1#"#!"#$2
Even if you give ten rupees for this it is not enough.
E2%.3.-%1.$.(%/0"$//!3!44!'$(7%1$64#.#.4#4#&%.3.-$//$%/0"$+,.2
Give him the book, even if he does not give the money,.
F2%+!(%.3.+,.(&%/$11!"!3!44!'$(%.3.+,.%!+,&%3.-!+,.2
They are coming here even if we do not call them.
=G2%+&+,.%1.+.(%/0"$4#4#!'$(%.3.-$//$%6.+"##6#.(%!''&2
He is not happy even if you give him money.
==2%$+,.($//$%1!"!//!3!44!'$(%+&+,.%.3.-#"$%1&6.$$(2
Even if you do not like it you should speak to him.
=>2%.3.-%$+,.%6+"#!"#.-!%!-$+"#!'$(%+&+,.%.1"!%6&!9./$"!"#$2
You should not do that, even if he is your friend.
=?2%(.'&%1&!"#!'$(%&+%(.#.+%3&(!9&%3!(.9!"$3!+2
Although it is raining my son will play outside.
=@2%+&+,.%6$(!-!%!-$+"#!'$(%!+"#.%(.-$+"#&%/$"!//.$$(2
You should take this medicine even if you are better.
=A2%+!+,.%.-$(&9!%1."!+!'$(%&+,.%1!44&%+&+,.%/"//.'&2
Even if we sing excellently you are not listening to our song.
=B2%.3.-%&+%(.#.'&%1.-//!3!44!'$(%&+%(.#.+&%1!-//.'!(2
He may see my son even if he did not see my daughter.
=C2%.3.+,.%!+"#.%.-&9&%/.'$3!+!'$(%!"#$%6$"#"#.(!%!''&2
Even if they wash this room this is not clean.
=E2%!+!("'&%+!+%($+"#!%3.-!3!44!'$(%+&+,.%($+"#!%3.-.$$(2
T&+;&P0-4#7%&3&+%!P%&%"0%+04%;0(&%&.-'9%90$%6#0$'"%;0(&%&.-'92
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Adi’s Book.
=F2%+&+,.%4#.(!'%&'$"#!3!44!'$(%+.''!%1"6-!+,.2
Even if you are not writing Tamil you are speaking well.
>G2%!"#$//$(%."#$//$(%3!4#9!6.(%!-$+"#!'$(%1.-3!%!''&2
Never mind even if there is a difference between this and that.
>=2%!+"#.%1!".(%&+.//$%3!(.+,!3!44!'$(%+!+%."#&%+.''.%1."!//.($"!9$(2
Even if this lesson is not clear to me I can read it well.
>>2%.+"#.((!%$+,.%6.##"#.-!"#!+%!-$+"#!'$(%+&+,.%.3.-&%.1"!%+.".4#4#./%"!"#$2
Even if she is only your sister you should not treat her like that.
>?2%.3.-%+.''.%3!"#9!-"#!+7%!+!'$(%.3.-%."!//."!%!+,'!6#%1"6-!-2
He is indeed a good teacher, nevertheless he often speaks English.
>@2%.3.-%&+%3&44$//$%3.-!3!44!%&+.//$%3.-$4#4#.(!%!-$//$(2
I will be sorry if he does not come to my house.
>A2%0-$3"'&%+!+%3.-.(!44"+7%"+!++.%-0(8.%+"-.(%.;#;#$2
Perhaps I shall not come, because it is very late.
Practical Conversation. – At a Conference.
F: First Member, S: Second member.
X2%6+&#!"#.-"7%/%44.(%&4#4#.+&%(.$!//$%!-.(8!//$"#$7%4#&-!9$(!2
Friend, what time does the meeting start, do you know?
I2%/!'.(&%1.4#4#$%(.$!//$%!++$%+!+&/-"+2 10 o’clock in the morning, I think.
F. adhu yeppo mudiyum. When will it finish.
I2%."#$%1.++&+"$%(.$!//$%($"!9.$$(7%!-$+"#!'$(%."$//$%.1-.(%1"6!/0+"!-$11!+,.2
It should finish at 12 o’clock, nevertheless they will keep on talking after that.
X2%+!+,.%/%44.4#4#$//$%/.44!9.(%3.-$3!+,.(!5
Will you definitely come to the meeting?
I2%!(!7%+&+,.%1##!3!44!'$(%+!+%1#3"+2 Yes, I will go even if you don’t.
X2%+&+,.%/%44.4#'&%1&6$3!+,.(!5%+&+,.%1"6!+!'$(%+!+%1"6.(!44"+2
Will you speak at the meeting? Even if you speak I will not.
I2%$+,.%!6#4.(7%!+!%+&+,.%1"6!3!44!'$(%+!+%1"6.%1#-&+2
As you like, but I am going to speak even if you don’t.
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Adi’s Book.
.!9!7%!+,&%6$((!%$//!-$+,.2%%:!64#!%6."#"#.(%6&!9!"#!+,.7%;#$((!%!-$+,.2%%.3.-%0-$
3!-.(!%6$#.(!''&D%!110%9&1"!%!-$/-!-5%%.3.-%!110%6$(!-!%!-$/-!-2%%6$(!-!%!-$+"#!'$(
/.6#4.(!+.%3"'&%6&!9./%"#!"#$2%%/!''&%0-$%;#!++.%/.6#4.("#!+7%!+!'$(%."#$%-0(8.
3.'!//$"#$2%%&+,.($//$%-&$".-&%/&'0%;#.//.-&%1#"#$(2%%9&+.//$%!3'.3$%;#.//.-&%3"$!(7
."#.+!'&%1!"#!%+&+,.%/0+"$1##.'!(2
!$$.//!%&+,.($//$%(%+"/!'%'&4.-%1!'%3"$$(2%%-&$""($//!'%'&4.-%!110%1#"#!"#$2%%+!(.//!
6$(!-%.+:.-&%'&4.-%1!'%3!+,$3"+2%%&+%(.#.+$(%(.#.($(%1.''!/%".4#4#$//$%1#!%!-$/-!+,.2
4#.(8!7%$+%6+"#!"#!%+.''.%.'.#!+.%1&$%!++$%4#&-!9."#$2%%3.6.+4#!7%$+%6+"#!"#.-%-0(8.
+.''.3.-%!++$%4##$$"#$2%%$+,.($//$%&4#4#.+&%6.##"#.-.-%6.##"#.-!+,.%!-$/-!+,.5%%:&8.
/%44.(%&+,&%+.".+"#$%/0+"!-$//$"#$5%%."#&%9!-%+.".4#-!+,.5
.3.-$//!#.%+&+,.%-0(8.%+"-.(%!-$+"#!'$(%.3.-%3.-.'&2%%.3.-%3.-!3!44!'$(%1.-3.%!''&7%+!+
/0+:.(%+&-.(%!-$11"+2%%&+.//$%!+"#.%6.+,."#!%4#&-!+"#!'$(7%+!+%."#&%$+,.($//$%60''.'&2
1.-3.%!''&%+&+,.%60''!3!44!'$(7%&+.//$%."#$%+.''!%4#&-!9$(2%%.3.+,.%3!-.("##-.(
3.+"#!'$(%&+%3&44$//$%3.-.(!44.+,.2%%+&+,.%&3(.3$%1-.9!6.1.44!'$(%."#$%!$$.//!
($"!9!"#$2%%+!9&%/$(!1.44!+!'$(%."#$%6$"#"#.(!%!-$//!"#$2%%-0(8.%3"#.(!%#"!+!'$(7
&44$%(.$!//$%3.$"!9&%1!"!//.%($"!9.'&2%%+&+,.%3!-$(8!+!'$(%.+,&%!110%1##.($"!9!"#$2
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Adi’s Book.
LESSON 43.
RELATIVE PARTICIPLES.
AND PARTICIPIAL NOUNS.
Relative pronouns in English are words such as in
He who opens.. The gate which shuts.. A dog that barks..
These follow the pronoun or noun.
There are no relative pronouns in Tamil.
There are relative participles attached to a verb.
These go before the pronoun or noun.
RELATIVE PARTICIPLES )%\bIVQVcd
The present and past relative participles are formed by
dropping the ending and substituting ‘a’, regardless of number, gender and person.
Present Tense Pres. Rel. Participle
3.-"+ I come vara who comes
."!/-"+ I strike adikra who strikes
Past Tense Past. Rel. Participle
3.+"#"+ I came vandha who came
."!4#4#"+ I struck adiththa who struck
The future relative participle is
the same as the neuter future tense form,
Future Tense Future Rel. Participle
varum it will come varum who will come
adikkum it will strike adikkum which will strike
NB: Present and future Positive Relative Participles are interchangeable.
RELATIVE PARTICIPLES )%Ud^[QVcd
V+P!+!4!3&%1'$6%M!"#.N7%-&,.-"'&66%0P%+$(8&-7%,&+"&-%1&-60+%.+"%4&+6&2
3.-!"#. who does not come, who did not come, who will not come.
1."!//!"#. who does not study, who did not study, who will not study.
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Adi’s Book.
PARTICIPIAL NOUNS )%\bIVQVcd2
Present. Present positive relative participle plus 3rd person pronouns.
vara + avan = varavan The man who comes, he who comes.
(Also means ‘He who will come’; pres. and fut. forms are interchangeable, see below.)
Note the forms using other pronouns – varava, varavar, varavanga, varadhu, varadhunga.
Past. Past positive relative participle plus 3rd person pronouns.
vandhavan He who came. Similarly:- vandhava, vandhavar, etc.
Future.
For Weak Verbs:-
For persons; Root + ‘b’ + 3rd person pronouns
For neuter; Root + ‘v’ + 3rd person pronouns
varubavan He who will come.. Similarly:- varubava, varubavar, etc.
For Strong Verbs:-
For persons or neuter Root + ‘pp’ + 3rd person pronouns
nadappavan He who will walk.. Similarly:-nadappava, nadappavar, etc.
and also neuter nadappadhu, nadappadhunga.
NB. Present and future Positive Relative Participial nouns are interchangeable.
PARTICIPIAL NOUNS )%Ud^[QVcd2
Negative relative participle plus 3rd person pronouns,
regardless of number, gender person and tense.
3.-!"#.3.+7%3.-!"#.3.%3.-!"#.3.-%3.-!"#.3.+,.%3.-!"#."#$%3.-!"#."#$+,.2
He who:- did not come does not come will not come.
Vocabulary
($+"#!9" already 6!"#!-.+.(! ordinarily
.$.! dam 3&((.( flood
anbu love, kndness muyal rabbit
3!6"6#.(! particularly /&'1."!%)O2+"#* obey
kada (s.ndh) cross &'$11$)O2!+*)4-* wake
vasi (s.thth) live, reside kudi iru (s.ndh) live, reside
-------------------------
158
Adi’s Book.
Sentences.
=2%+!+,.%!110%1."!/-.%1!".(%6$'.8.(!+."#$2
The lesson which you are now studying is easy.
>2%+!+%+"4#4#$%60++.%1!".(%!"#$"#!+!5 Is this the lesson which I said yesterday?
?2%.3.-%+!(.//!%3!6!//$(%1!".(%&+.//$%4#&-!9!"#$2
I don’t know the lesson which he will read tomorrow.
@2%3!"#9!-%/.4#4#$/0"$//!"#.%1!".4#4#&%+&+,.%9"+%1."!//.$$(5
Why should you read the lesson which your teacher has not taught you?
A2%6!"#!-.+.(!%&''!-$(%1"6-.%4#.(!'%+!+%($"#.''&%/.4#4#$//0(3"+2
I shall first learn the Tamil which everyone normally speaks.
B2%+&+,.%1!"!+.%1!44&%/"44$%+!+,.%-0(8.%6.+"##6#.11.44#(2
We enjoyed very much hearing the song which you sang.
C2%"0/40-7%+&+,.%/0"$4#4#.%(.-$+"#$%-0(8.%/.6.11$2
Doctor, the medicine which you gave was very bitter.
E2%.3.-%60++.%6.+,."#!%&+.//$%($+"#!9"%4#&-!9$(2
I know already the news which he said.
F2%.$.!%/.".+"#.%3&((.(%.'$"#!'$(%3.-!"#&2% (No good crying over spilt milk!)
The flood which has crossed the dam will not come back, even if one cries.
=G2%."!9!"#$%(!"$%1."!9!"#$2 (Spare the rod and spoil the child.)
The ox that is not beaten will not obey.
==2%+!+%1!"!4#4#$%($9.'$//$%(%+$%/!'2 (To swear black is white)
The rabbit which I caught has only three legs.
=>2%."$4#4#.%3!-.(%+.(%3&44$//$%3.-$(%!(%1"-%9&++.5
What is the name of the person coming to our house next week?
=?2%+"4#4#$%/%44.4#'&%1"6!+.3.-%$+,.%.$$.+!5
Is he your elder brother who spoke in the meeting yesterday?
=@2%!+,&%6."#"#.(%6&!"#.%1%+&%!110%!''&2
The cat which made the noise is not here now.
=A2%+!+%$+,.%3&44'&%6!11!44.%6!11."$%.-$(&9!+.%6!11!"$2
Th food which I ate inyour house was excellent.
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Adi’s Book.
=B2%."!//."!%!+,'!6#%1&6!"#.%4#.(!'%3!"#9!-!".(%4#.(!'%/.4#4#$//0(($+,.2
Learn Tamil from aTamil teacher who does not speak english often.
=C2%4#%+,-.%/$'.+"#&9&%"#.9.3$6&!"#$%&'$11!"#!+,.2
Please do not wake up the child who is sleeping.
=E2%.'.-&%/$'.+"#&//$"#!+%1!'%/!"&//$(2 (the squeaky door gets the oil)
Only the child that cries will get milk.
=F2%.'!"#.%/$'.+"#&//$%9.-$(%1!'%/0"$//.(!44!+,.2
Nobody will give milk to the child that does not cry.
>G2%+&+,.%3!+,!+.%1&44!//$%&3(.3$%1.$.(%/0"$4#4#!+,.5
How much did you pay for the box that you bought.
>=2%+&+,.%/$"!//$(%4#.$$!%!4#4#$%4#.$$!2 The water which you drink is river water.
>>2%!+"#.%1!44$%1!"!+.3.%&+%4#.+,.;#;#!2 It is my younger sister who sang this song.
>?2%0;408&-%-&$"!(%4#""!%(!#.4#(!%,!+"#!%1!-.+"#.%+!'2
October 2nd was Mahatma Gandhi’s birthday.
Practical Conversation. – With a Neighbour.
H: Householder, N: Neighbour.
T2%!110%$+,.%3&44'&%!-$/-.%(.+$6#.-%&4#4#.+&%1"-5
How many are the persons who are in your house?
U2%!110%&+,.%3&44'&%!-$/-.3.+,.%(04#4#.(%&44$%1"-2
There are eight persons who are in our house now.
T2%+"4#4#$%$+,.%3&44$//$%3.+"#.%!'%9!-5
Who was the person who came to your house yesterday?
U2%+"4#4#$%&+,.%3&44$//$%3.+"#.3.-%&+%6+"#!"#.-2
The person who came to our house yeaterday is my friend.
H. kaile andha pusthaham enna? What is that book in your hand?
U2%!"#$%+!+%1."!//$(%1$64#.#.(2%+&+,.%!"#&%1."!4#4#$%!-$/-!+,.(!5
This is the book which I am reading. Have you read this?
T2%!''&7%+!+%1."!//!"#.%1$64#.#.+,.((&%!"#$%0$$$2
No, this is one of the books which I have not read.
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160
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 44.
COMPARISON, AND REFLEXIVE VERBS.
COMPARISON.
There are no degrees of comparison in Tamil, but Comparatives are expressed by adding
M&3!".N%0-%M&//!44!'$(N%0-%".4!3&%;.6&
to the declensional baseof the nouns and pronouns compared to,
as en pusthaham unga pusthahathevida periyadhu.
or en pusthaham unga pusthahaththukku periyadhu.
My book is bigger than yours.
Superlatives are expressed by adding
M&''!-.!9$(3!".N%0-N%&''!-.!/.44!'$(%0-%M&''!-$//$(N7<%P0-%1&-60+6
and M&''!(3!".N%0-%M&''!4#4#$//$(N7<%P0-%4#!+,67% to the item compared to.
as in !+"#.%1.!9.+%#44.4#'&%1.!9.+,.%&''!-.!9$(3!".%,&44!//!-.+2
This boy is the best of all the boys in running.
or in -#:!%1%7%1%%&''!(3!".%.'.#!+."#$2
or -#:!%&''!%1%3&9$(3!".%.'.#!+."#$2
The rose is the most beautiful of all flowers.
REFLEXIVE VERBS.
e&P'&J!3&%c&-86%.-&%P0-(&"%89%.""!+,%M/0(N%40%4#&%3&-8.'%1.-4!;!1'&62
They take ‘nd’ as medial in the past tense.
edu take &"$4#4#$/0( take for yourself
podu throw 1#44$/0( put on
3!+,$ buy 3!+,!//0( buy for yourself
N.B.%Q#&%M(N%!6%"-011&"%!+%4#&%;0''0f$!.'%P0-(7%O#!;#%!6%3&-9%O!"&'9%$6&"2
Vocabulary
thani thaniya separately adhisayam wonder(n.)
-!:! king ."#!#!-.( power
nijam, unme truth 6!-&;#;#!'& jail
thennai maram coconut tree (!(1.'.( mango
kadal sea, ocean 1.'!1.'.( jack fruit
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Adi’s Book.
/.''%-! college 3.!"#9.%/.''%-! medical college
budhdhi wisdom, answer budhd#!6!'! wise person
6!+4#.( peace, forbearance periyavar old person, adult
1!-//.3"+"!9. worth seeing 3"+"!%!-$%)62+"#*)".42* to have to
Sentences.
=2%V"#&3!".%0-$%+.''.%1$64#.#.(%&+.//$%3"$$(2
I want a better book than this.
>2%(%+!3."#$%1!".4#4#&3!".%+!'!3."#$%1!".(%/.6#4.(!+."#$2
The fourth lesson is harder than the third.
?2%.+"#.%1&$%4#.+%4#!9&3!".%-0(8.%.'.#!+.3.2
That girl is more beautiful than her mother.
@2%&+.//$%6!"#.4#4#&3!".%;#.11!4#4#!"#!+%:!64#!%1!"!//$(2
I like chappathies much more than rice.
A2%4#.+!9!%1#3."#&3!".%&''!-$(%6&-+"#$%1#3."#$%+.''."#$2
Going together is better than going alone.
B2%1.6$%+.($//$%+!9&3!".%$8.9##.(!+."#$
The cow is more useful to us than a dog.
C2%.3.-%(%//$%&+%(%//&%/!44!'$(%+&'.(!%!-$//$"#$2
His nose is longer than mine.
E2%4#&++.!(.-.(%&''!%(.-.4#4#&9$(3!".%$9.-.(!%!-$//$"#$2
The coconut tree is the tallest of all the trees.
F2%.3.-&/!44!'$(%8$"#"#!6!'!%9!-$(!''& No one is wiser than he.
=G2%(!(1.'.(%3!'.1.'.4#4#&%/!44!'$(%4#!4#4#!11!%!-$//$(
A mango is sweeter than a plantain.
==2%/$"#!-&9&3!".%+!!%3"#.(!%#".($"!9$(!5
Can a dog run faster than a horse?
=>2%!3.+$//$%1#44$//0((.%1#"#$(!+.%4#$$!%!''&2
This man does not have enough clothes to wear.
=?2%+&+,.%$+,.%1"+!3&%&"$4#4#$/0+"!+,.(!5 Did you pick up your pen?
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Adi’s Book.
=@2%4#.1!'/!-.-%4#.1!'%&"$4#4#$/0+"$1#-!-2 The postman is carrying the post.
=A2%.3.+,.%4#.+,.%1&44!9&%"+%(%"!/0+"!+,.5 Why did they close up their box?
=B2%&3(.3$%+"-.(!%4#%+,!%/0+"!-$/-!+,.5 How long have you been sleeping?
=C2%4#.(!'%+.''!%1."!4#4#$/0+"!+,.(!5 Did you learn Tamil well.
=E2%.+"#.((!%4#!+"%6.(&9.'%6&!"#$/0((.%($"!9.'&2
That woman cannot cook by herself.
=F2%!+"#.%/.6#4.(%!''!"#$%3"'&9&%+&+,.'"%)+!+,."#!+*%6&!"#$%/0((.$$(2
You yourself should do this easy work.
>G2%($"#.''&%4#.(!'%+.''.%1"6.%/.4#4#$/0(($+,.2 First learn to speak Tamil well.
>=2%&''!-$//$(%1&-!9.3.-%/.".3$(2 God is the greatest of all.
>>2%6!+4#.(%/.".'!'$(%1&-!9."#$2)1-03&-8* Forbearance is mightier than an ocean.
>?2%+!:.(%1"6-."#!'&%,!+"!:!9&3!".%$9.-+"#.3.+,.%9!-5
Who is greater than Gandhiji in speaking the truth?
>@2%+!'.//!%3.-$(%1.'!1.'.4#4#&3!".%!$$.//!%!-$//$(%/.(!1.'.(&%("'!+."#$2)1-03&-8*
A carissa fruit today is better than a jack fruit tomorrow. (A bird in the hand…)
>A2%!$$./!%/%44.4#'&%+&+,.%1&6.3"$"!%!-$//$(2
You will have to speak in today’s meeting.
>B2%+!+%!+,'!6#&3!".%4#.(!''&%+.''.%1"6.3$(L%&'$"#.3$(L%($"!9$(2
I can speak and write Tamil better than English.
* Note the use of ‘-um…-um’ after the infinitves.
Practical Conversation. – Visiting Vellore.
V: Visitor, L: Local Vellorian.
c2%3"'%-%;#&++.9&3!".%1&-!9.%+.#.-.(!5 Is Vellore a larger city than Chennai?
a2%!''&7%;#&++.!9&%/!44!'$(%;#!++.%+.#.-.(2 No, Vellore is smaller than Chennai.
c2%3"'%-'&%1!-//&%3"$"!9.%!".+,.%&++&++.5
What are the places worth seeing in vellore?
a2%0-$%1&-!9.%/#44&7%3.!"#9.%/.''%-!7%RHR%!61.4#-!7%!$,.($//$(%1&$,.'$//$(%4#.+!4#.+!9!
%%%%%6!-&;#;#!'&+,.7%!"#&''!(%3"'%-'&%1!-//.3"+"!9.%!".+,.2
A big fort, Medical College, CMC Hospital, jails separately for men
and women, these are all places worth seeing in Vellore.
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Adi’s Book.
c2%+!(%."#&''!(%1!-//.%1##.'!(!5 May we go to see all of them?
a2%6.-!7%+!(%1##.'!(2%!+"#.%4.3$+%8.6'&%$//!-+"#$/0)(($*+,.2
Alright, let’s go. Sit in this town bus.
c2%3"'%-&%1.4#4#!%+!+%"'$%."#!6.9.+,.%/"'3!1.44"+2%."#$+,.''!(%$+,.($//$%4#&-!9$(!5
I heard about seven wonders of Vellore. Do you know all of them?
L. theriyum, V. Yes I know,
=2%-!:!%!''!"#.%/#44&7 a fort without a king,
>2%6!(!%!''!"#$%/#3!'7 a temple without a deity,
?2%4#.$$!%!''!"$%!-$7 a river without water,
@2%(.-.+,.%!''!"#.%(.'&7 a hill without trees,
A2%."#!#!-.(%!''!"#.%1#'&6 police without power,
B2%.'.#$%!''!"#.%1&$$$+,.7 women without beauty
C2%8$"#"#!%!''!"#$%/.''%-!%(.+.3.-7 college students without sense,
!+!%!"#$'&%/.".6!%(%+$(%+!:.(!%!-$//.($"!9!"#$2
but the last three cannot be true!
+&+,.% !+,&% ($+"#!9"% 3.+"#$% !-$+"#!+,.(!5% % % !+"#!9!'&% 1.'.% !-$+,.($//$% .$.!
/.44!/0$"!-$/-!+,.2% % 1&-!9.3.+,.($//$% /&-1."!-.% /$'.+"#&+,.% &+.//$% 1!"!//$(2% % !4#4#$
3&((.4#'&% 6!'.% (.-.+,.(&% /%".% 1!-4#"+2% % .3.-% -0(8.% +"-.(% 4#%+,!% /0+"!-$/-!-7% 6!/-.(
&'$11$+,.2%%&+.//$%6!"#!-.+.(!+.%6!11!"$%1#"#$(7%3!6"6#.(!+.%6!11!"$%3"$!(2
4#.(!'&% 3!".% #!+"!% 6$'.8.(!% !-$//$"#$% !++$% 6!'.% 1&-% 60'-!+,.2% % % 4&9&% /!44!'$(% /!11!
+.''."#$% !++$% /"'3!1.44"+2% % % &''!% 1&$$$+,.(&3!".% !+"#.% 1&$% +.''!% 1!"-!2% % % 1&$$$+,.
&''!-&9$(3!".%!3."#!+%+.''.%1!"-!2%%(!(8.-.(%&''!%1.'.+,.'&9$(3!".%-$6!9!+."#$2
1.'.(% &''!(3!".% (!(1.'.(% -0(8.% 4#!4#4#!11!% !-$//$"#$2% % % % !+"#.% 1.!9&% /0+:.(
1!"!4#4#$/0(($+,.2% % 4#.!9.'/!-.-% /0"$4#4#.% 4#$$!+,.(&% 1#44$/0+"!+,.(!5% % +!(% !$$.//!
1.4#4#$% 1!".+,.% /.4#4#$//0(3#(2% % 3.$$!+% 4#$$!+,.% &"$4#4#$% /0+"$1#+!+!5% % .3.-% .+,&
4#%+,!% /0+"!-$/-!-!5% % !"#&% $+,.($//!#.% 3.!4#4#$/0(($+,.2% % .3.-% 1.'.% "#.".3&% 4#!+"
6!-!4#4#$//0+"!-2
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Adi’s Book.
+&+,.% 6&!-.% 1&44!% 9!-$//!#.5% % % .+"#.((!% 6&!"#$% 3"'&% &+.//$% 1!"!//.'&2% % % +!(% +!'.//!
6&!9$(%3"'&%/.6#4.(!+."#$%!''&2%6.-!9!%3"'&6&!9!"#.%!($//$%4#!-$(8.%3"'&%/0"$//!"#&2
&+,.% 3&44'&% 4#%+,!+.3.-% &+,.% .11!% 6+"#!"#.-2% % 6.-!9!% 1."!//!"#.% 1.!9.+,.(&% 3!4#9!-
"#.+"!4#4#!-2% % .3.-% /!44!+.% 3&44$//$% $((&% +!+% 1#+"+2% % &+.//$% 3.-$(% ;#&44&% $+,.($//$
/!(!11"+2%%$11$%!''."#.%6.11!"$%-$6!9!%!-$//!"#$2%%.+8$%!''!"#.%3!-4#&+,.%$8.9#,.(%!''&2
/03!'%!''!"#.%%-'&%/$"!%!-$//!"#&%)/$"!//!"#&*2%%3"$"!"#.%/&(3!+,.%&++&%/"//!"#!+,.2
.(&-!;!'&%.+&#.%1"-%1!'$(%;#.//.-&9$(%!''!"#.%/.-$11$%/!11!%/$"!/-!+,.2
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165
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 45.
INTENSIVE VERBS, AND CAUSAL VERBS.
INTENSIVE VERBS.
c&-86%'!/&%M3!"$N<%'&.3&7%M1#"$N<4#-0O7%M3.!N<%1'.;&7%M1#N<%,07%M3!N<%;0(&7%.-&%6$PP!J&"%40
the verbal participles of certain other verbs in order to intensify their meaning. These are
;.''&"%V+4&+6!3&%c&-862%%Q#&%!"&.%0P%;0+4!+$!49%!6%,!3&+%89%M3!N7%.+"%M3!"$N%,!3&6%4#&%!"&.
of completeness. Carefully examine the following:-
=2%+"4#4#$%+&+,.%&+,&%1#!)3!*44!+,.5 Where did you go away yesyerday?
>2%!+"#.%4#$$!%&''!(%/.44!1#"$+,.2 Tie up all these clothes.
?2%!+,&%&3(.3$%/!'.(!%3"'&%6&!"#$3.-!+,.5 How long have you been working here?
@2%+!+%$+,.($//$%!"#&1.4#4#!%($+"#!9"%60''!3.!4#4#"+2% I told you about this already.
A2%1!'%/&44.1#+."#$7%."#&%/$"!//!"#&2 The milk has gone bad, don’t drink it.
CAUSAL VERBS.
Causal verbs are formed by adding ‘vai’ or ‘sei’ to the infinitive.
Verb Causal.
1!"$ sing 1!".3.!7%1!".6&! cause to sing
nada walk, conduct nadakkavai, nadakkasei cause to walk, conduct
Transitive forms of verbs like the following also serve as Causal Verbs:-
Intransitive. Causal. (transitive)
#"$ run #44$%)O2!+* cause to run, drive
thirumbu turn thiruppu (w.in) cause to turn
"-$ climb up, lift "4#4#$%)w.in) cause to climb, lift
irangu climb down irakku (w.in) cause to climb down
1!! flow 1!!;#;#$%)O2!+* pour, cause (water) to flow
/!! dry /!!;#;#$%)O2!+* cause to dry, boil
!-$ cool !4#4#$(w.in) cause to cool
&'$ rise, get up &'$ppu (w.in) cause to rise,get up
nada walk nadaththu (w.in) cause to walk
-------------------------
166
Adi’s Book.
Vocabulary
mayir, mudi hair 6&11$)+2* comb
4#.'&%3!-$%)O2!+* comb 4#.'&%3!-!/0()O2+"*comb (oneself)
vahidu edu (s.thth) part hair bayappadu (w.tt) fear
bayam fear 8.9.+,!(! coward
dhairyam courage dhairiyasali courageous one
,$$.( nature, quality ,$+.6!'! good natured one
&-. wet %(& dumb man
3"+"!"#.%).":* unwanted, unnecessary 3"$"!9.%).":* wanted, necessary
(.-.4#4#$11#%)O2!+* become numb !-$%)O2!+* cool (become cool)
1!-4#4#$/$'&%)624#4#* bark at kule (s.thth) bark
Sentences.
=2%+!+%+.''!%4#$+,!3!44"+7%+&+,.%"+%&++&%&'$11.'&5
I fell fast asleep, why did you not wake me?
>2%"#.!-9.6!'!%/.6#4.(!+.%3"'&/%".%6&!"#$3!"$3!+2
The tough person will do even hard work.
?2%+!+,.%.1103"%60''!3!44#(7%+&+,."#!+%/"//.'&2
We have already told you but you did not pay heed.
@2%/.$$!"!%4.(8'.-&%/!'&%1#44$3!44!+,.(!5 Did you drop the glass tumbler?
A2%!$+.//!%&4#4#.+&%/."!"#.+,.%&'$"#!1#44!+,.5
How many letters did you write today?
B2%3"+"!9.%1$64#.#.+,.(&%/.44!1#"$+,.7%3"$"!"#."#&%1#44$3!"$+,.2
Tie up the books which are wanted, throw away the unwanted ones.
C2%!"#$%/.$$!"!%6!(!+%1&44!7%4#%//!%1#"!"#!+,.2
This is a box of glassware, don’t throw it!
E2%!-.%4#$$!+,.%&''!(%3&9!''&%/!9.%3.!+,.2 Put all the wet clothes in the sun to dry.
F2%V$$.//!%9!-%6.(&4#4#$3.!4#4#!+,.5 Who cooked today?
=G2%1.6$3&%!+,&%/.44!3.!//!"#!+,.7%"+!++!%&+,.%+!!%."#&%1!-4#4#$%/$'.!//$(2
Don’t tie up the cow here, because our dog will bark at it.
==2%-0(8.%+"-.(%.1"!9"%$//!-+"#!%/!'%(.-.4#4#$1##$(2
167
Adi’s Book.
If one sits like that for a long time the leg will go numb.
=>2%.3.-$//$%3.9.6$%!!1#;#;#$7%."#.+!'&%.3.-!'&%+.".//.%($"!9.'&2%)%!"!0(*
He has become very old, so he cannot walk.
=?2%+!($(%6!-!//.$$(%(.4#4#.3.+,.(&9$(%6!-!//.3.!//.$$(2
We must laugh and make others laugh too.
=@2%($"#.''&%.3.-$//$%1!".%!6#4.(!''&7%!+!%+!+,.%.3.-&%&1"!9#%1!".3.!4##(2
She did not like to sing at first, but we made her sing somehow.
=A2%+.(%.((!"#!+%+.((&%($"#.'%($"#.''&%+.".//.3.!/-!+,.2
Only our mother makes(helps) us walk the first time.
=B2%9&+%("6&9&%9!-%!1"!%4#!-$11!+!+,.5 Who turned my table round this way?
=C2%4##44.4#4#!'!-$+"#$%(!44&%#44$+,.2 Drive the ox from the garden.
=E2%/.".3$(%0-$%%(&9&/%".%1"6.3.!//.($"!9$(2
God can make even a dumb person talk.
=F2%4#!-$".+%1#'&6/!-.-&%1!-4#4#!%#"!3!"$3!+2
A thief will run away if he sees a policeman.
>G2%/$-.+"#&9&%9.-%.'$3.!4#4#!+,.5 Who made the child cry?
>=2%+!+%.3.+&%.+"#.%6.(!;#;#!-.4#4#&%60''.3.!4#4#"+2
I made him tell that news.
>>2%!+"#.%1.!9.+&%9.-%1."!//.3.!4#4#!+,.5 Who educated this boy? (made him study)
>?2%R#!++.%6&"!//$%:!64#!%4#.$$!%1!!;#!"#!+,.2
Do not pour(flow) too much water on (to) the small plant.
>@2%&1103$(%4#.$$!9&%/!!;#;#!%/$"!//.$$(2
‘You should always boil water to drink’.
>A2%+!+%$+,.(&%-0(8.%.'&9.%3.!4#4#"+2 I made you wander (about) too much.
Practical Conversation. – At Railway Station.
S: Sister, B: Brother.
I2%."##%3.--.%3.$"!%+.(%3.$"!9!5 That train which is coming, is it ours?
g2%!''&7%."#$%6!(!+%/0+"$1##$(%M,%"6N%3.$"!2
No, that is a goods train carrying freight.
I2%+!(%"-$(%3.$"!%6!/-.(%3.-$(!%.''."#$%!++$(%+"-.(%!#$(!5
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Adi’s Book.
Will our train come soon or will it take some more time?
g2%!++$(%.+:$%+!(!6#.4#'&%3.$"!%3.+"#$3!".$$(%!+!%6.-!9!+.%+"-.4#'&%3.-$(!%1!-//.'!(2
It should come in five minutes but let us see (whether) it comes in time.
I2%!+"#.%64"6#.+'&%&3(.3$%+"-.(%+!//$(5 How long will it stop at this station?
g2%!+,&%3.$"!%(%+$%+!(!6#.(%3.-.!//$(%+!//$(2
The train will stop here for three minutes.
I2%!"#$%3.'!'&%&''!%64"6#.+'&9$(%+!//$(!5 Will it stop at all stations?
g2%!''&7%!"#$%($/9.(!+.%64"6#.+'&%(!4#-.(%+!//$(7%"+!++!%!"#$%&J1-&66%3.$"!2
No, it will stop at important stations only, because it is an express train.
$+,.% /!11!% !-!3!"$4#$% )!-!1##$"#$*% 6!/-.(% 6.11!"$+,.2% % % +&+,.% $+,.% /!11!% /$"!4#4#$<
3!44!+,.(!2%%.+"#.%;#!++.%1&$%6&11!'&%4#!+"%3.#!"$%&"$4#4#$/0+"."#$2%%.1-.(%4#.+%4#.'&9&
-0(8.% .'.#!% 3!-!/0+"."#$2% % $+,.'$//$% 3"$"!9.% 1$64#.#.+,.(&% &"$4#4#$/0(($+,.2% % +!9&
1.-4#4#$%"+%-0(8.%8.9.1.44$3!44!+,.5%%+&+,.%8.9.+,!'!%!''&7%!''&9!5%%!110%$+,.%8.9.(%1#!<
3!44."#$% !++$% +!+% +!+&/-"+2% % % +&+,.% $+,.% 1!".+,.% &''!(% 1."!4#4#$3.-!+,.N+$% &+.//$
4#&-!9$(2% % .3.-% !+"#.% 6.+,."#!9&% &''!-$//$(% 60''!3!44!-2% % 1!''&% $11$% 3!'$+"#$3!44."#$7
."#.+!'&%/&44$1#+."#$2%%1.!9.+%1.+"#&%("'&%4#%//!1#44!+%."#$%/!$.4#'&%3!'$+"#$3!44."#$2
&+%6!(!+$+,.%&+"#.%.-&'&%1#44$3.!4#4#!+,.5%%.3.-%$+,.(&1.4#4#!%&+.//$%60''!3.!4#4#!-2
+!+%&''!(%1."!4#4#$%3.!4#4#"+%!+!%+&+,.%&++&%0$$$(%/"//.'&2%%.+"#.%+!9&%/.44!1#"$+,.
"+!++!%&+.//$%-0(8.%8.9.(!%!-$//$"#$2
!$$.//!%-0(8.%3"99!'%3&99!''&%&++&%+.".//.3.!//."#!+,.2%%/$'.+"#&+,.'&%1."!//.3.!//.
-0(8.%/.6#4.(!%!-$//$"#$2%%%-.3.+,.%+!'.4#4#$//$%"#!+.+"##-$(%4#.$$!%1!!;#;#-!+,.2
.3.+%-0(8.%+!(!%(!44$%3.$"!%#44!3.-!+2%%$+,.($//$%;!-#44.%+.''!%4#&-!9$(!5%%3.$"!'&%:!64#!
6!(!+%&1103$(%"4#4#!"#!+,.2%%&''!%3!(.//$+,.($(%"4#4#!3!44!+,.(!5%%.3.-%0-$%/$-.+"#&
("'&%6.!//.'%&4#4#!3!44!-2%%!+"#.%6!(!+&%&+%3&4'&%!-.//!3!"$+,.2%%/$'.+"#&//!#!%.((!%1!'
/!!;#;#!%/0+"!-$/-!-2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Adi’s Book.
LESSON 46.
COMPOSITE, PARTICIPIAL AND VERBAL NOUNS, .
COMPOSITE NOUNS.
Composite nouns are formed by suffixing 3rd person endings to adjectives.
Thus ‘nalla’ gives:- nallavan, nallava, nallavanga, nalladhu, nalladhunga.
PARTICIPIAL NOUNS.
These are formed by suffixing 3rd person endings to
relative participles for present and past.
Present and future forms are interchangeable.
Present Past Future
varavan vandhavan varubavan
varava vandhava varubava
varavanga vandhavanga varubavanga
varadhu vandhadhu varuvadhu
varadhunga vandhadhunga varuvadhunga
Meanings, such as ‘the one who comes’ ‘…came’,’…’will come’,and ‘they who…’,etc
Neuter participial nouns change for tenses, as in:-
padikradhu padiththadhu padippadhu
meaning studies, or studying(n.).
VERBAL NOUNS.
These are formed from verbs (roots or infinitives).
These cannot be declined for number, gender, person or tense.
Neuter participial nouns are more often used than the verbal nouns,
nevertheless verbal nouns are also given below, for practice and for recognition purposes.
Verb Verbal Noun Meaning Neut.Particip.Noun
padi padippu studies padikradhu
siri sirippu laughter sirikradhu
1!"$ 1!44$ music 1!"-."#$
#"$ #44.( running #"-."#$
/%"$%),.4#&-* /%44.( meeting /%"-."#$
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Adi’s Book.
Verb Verbal Noun Meaning Neut.Particip.Noun
1!- 1!-3& sight 1!-/-."#$
/"( /"'3! question /"//-."#$
mudi mudivu end mudiradhu

thirudu thiruttu theft thirudradhu
mara maradhi forgetfulness marakradhu
virumbu viruppam desire virumbradhu
3!(.9!"$ 3!(.9!44$ game, sport 3!(.9!"-."#$
sei seyal deed, action seiradhu
!-.(8! !-.(8.( beginning !-.(8!/-."#$
$8.9#,! $8.9#,.( use $8.9#,!/-."#$
ghavani ghavanam attention ghavanikradhu
6.(8!"#! 6.(8!"#.+& earning/s 6.(8!"#!/-."#$
same sameyal cooking samekradhu
4#!(."! 4#!(."#.( delay 4#!(."#!/-."#$
thude thudeppu wiping thudekradhu
thai thaiyal sewing thaikradhu
3"- 3"-3& perspiration 3"-/-."#$
.'.! .'.!11$ invitation .'.!/-."#$
Vocabulary
4#.(!6#7%3&"!//.! fun perukku (w.in) sweep
/.!%&'$4#$%1#"$)O244* sign /.!%&'$4#$ handwriting,signature
3!' live(v.) 3!'/& life
($++"-$7%($+$//$%3! come forward kudumbam family
,&44!/!-.- clever person ($++"4-.( progress
1!(8$ snake 4#"' scorpion
1!(8!44! snake charmer "-& poor(adj), poor man(n.)
4#!!7%4#!9!- mother thudeppam broom
4#!-.+".3"'! open space nijam truth
-------------------------
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Adi’s Book.
Sentences.
=2%+.''."#$%6&!-.3.+%+.''.3.+%!''&9!2 One who does good is a good man is he not.
>2%4#!-$"-.3.+%4#!-$".+2%.+"#.-$//$%.3.+%4#!-$".+%!++$%4#&-!9!"#$2
One who steals is a thief. Many do not know he is a thief.
?2%1.'.%+!(%4#!-$".+%0-$%+!(%.#.11."$3!+2%)1-03&-8*
‘Several days a thief, one day the caught one’
@2%&+%(.-."#!//!#.%+&+,.%&++&%/.44.9$(%(.+!//.$$(2
You must forgive me for my forgetfulness.
A2%(.-."#!%!-$/-.3.+%3!'//&'&%($++$//$%3.-.(!44!+2)($++"-.%(!44!+*2
A man with a short memory will not progress in life.
B2%3!-$11.(%!'."#.3.+,.%!+"#.%3"'&9&%6&!9.3"$!(2
Those who have no desire (don’t want to) need not do this work.
C2%#"$3."#$%+.''.%3!(.9!44$2%#44.4#'&%+!+%,&44!/!-.+%!''&2
Running is a good sport. I am not good at running.
E2%+"4#4#$%/%44.4#'&%.3.-%1";#;#$%-0(8.%3&"!//&9!%!-$+"#."#$2
His speech(talk) in yesterdays meeting was very humerous(funny).
F2%1.6!%3"(&'&%6!11!"-."#$%+.''.%3.-.//.(2
Eating when one is hungry(hungry time) is a good habit.
=G2%+&+,.%+!:.(%1"6-."#$%&+.//$%6.+"##6#.4#4#&%/0"$//$"#$2
Your speaking the truth makes me happy.
==2%S#!+.+"##-$(%&'$"#-.3.+,.%/.!<&-%"#$%.'.#!%!-$//$(2
The handwriting of those who write daily will be beautiful.
=>2%+&+,.%:!64#!%3"'&%6&!-.4#!''&%."#.+!'&%$+,.%6.(8!"#.+&%:!64#!%!''&2
You don’t work hard so your income is not much.
=?2%/.6#4.11.44$%3"'&%6&!-.3.-$//$%/.".3$(%$"#.3!%6&!3!-2
God will help those who work hard.
=@2%+"4#4#$%1!'%/0+"$3.+"#.3.-%!$$.//!%9"+%3.-.'&5
The man who brought milk yesterday, why did he not come today?
15. ivan nalla nadaththe irukra paiyan. This is a well-behaved boy.
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Adi’s Book.
=B2%$+,.%.'.!11$%&+.//$%/!".!4#4#."#$2%$+,.%.-.!11$//$%+.+"-!2
I got your invitation. Thanks for your invitation.
=C2%!+"#.%/%44.4#4#$//$%($"!3$%&1105
When will this meeting end.
=E2%!"#$%!-.(8.($(%($"!3$(%!''!"#.%/$44.(2%)!"!0(*
This is an endless meeting.
=F2%.3.-%/.$<1!-3&%+.''.%!''&%"+!++!%.3.-$//$%3.9.6$%!!1#;#;#$2
He has bad eyesight because he has got old.
>G2%4#!-.+"#.<3&(!'&%3!(.9!"#-."#$%/$'.+"#&//$%+.''."#$2
Playing in an open space is good for the child.
>=2%(.-.<6!(!+%4#$".!/-.%4#$$!9&%9&+,&%3.!4#4#!+,.2
Where did you put the cloth for wiping the furniture.
>>2%+&+,.L%4#$".!4#4#."#$%6.-!9!%!''&2)6.-!9!''&*2%4#$".!11.4#4#!'&%1&-$//$+,.2
Your wiping was not good. Sweep with a broom.
*Note, ‘you wiping’, and not ‘your wiping’ as in English.
>?2%!+"#.((!%4#.!9.'&%1!-4#4#!+,.(!5%!3.-%4#.!/-."#$%&+.//$%-0(8.%1!"!//$(2
Did you see this lady’s stitching? I like her sewing very much.
>@2%1!(8!44!//$%($++!'&%1!(8$%!"-."#$%.'.#!%!-$//$"#$2
The dancing of the snake before the snake-charmer is beautiful.
>A2%,#.3.+.(!%1!".(%/"//-."#$%($/9.(!+.%3!6#.9.(2
It is an important thing to listen to the lessons.
Practical Conversation. )%R0(!+,%X0-%.%W.'/5
B: Boy, F: Friend.
g2%+!(%-&$"$%1"-$(%+.".//.%1##.'!(!5 Shall we go for a walk?
X2%6.-!7%1#3#(2%+."./-."#$%+.''.%.89!6.(2 Yes, we’ll go. Walking is good exercise.
g2%/.".-/.-&'&%+.".+"#$1#-."#$%&+.//$%-0(8.%1!"!//$(2
I very much like walking on the seashore.
X2%6.-!7%/.".-/.-&%!''!"#.%%-'&%&++.%6&!3!+,.5
Alright, what do you do in a place with no beach?
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Adi’s Book.
g2%9&++.%6&!-."#$)6&!9.'!(*5%"-!/.-&%("'&7%.''."#$%/$(.//.-&'&%+.".//.%1##.'!(2
What to do? One may walk on the bank of a lake or tank.
%%%%$+,.%%-'&%!-$%)+."#!*%!-$//$"#!5 Is there a river in your place?
X2%!(!7%&+,.%%-'&%0-$%1&-!9.%!-$%!-$//$"#$2
Yes, there is a big river in our place.
g2%.110%+&+,.%!4#4#$/.-&("'&%+.".//.'!(2 Then you may walk on the river bank.
X2%!(!2%!110%&+.//$%/.(&11!%!-$//$"#$2%+!+%3&44$//$%1#-"+2
Yes. Now I am tired. I’m going home.
.+"#.% 4#.(!6#% 6&!-.3.+% &+% 4#.(8!7% .+,&% +!/-.3.+% &+% .$$.+2% % 8$"#"#!6!'!+,.% (.4#4#<
.3.+,.(&%8$"#"#!%!''!"#.3.+,.%!++$%+!+&//.(!44.+,.2%%.3.-%4#.+%1."!11!'&"#!+%3!'//&'&
($++$//$% 3.+"#!-2% % !+,&% 6&"!</0"!+,.% :!64#!7% ."#.+!'&% !"#$% 1!(8$+,.%3!'.%+.''.% !".(2
1!(8$//$%1.''&%3!6#.(7%4#"($//$%/0"$//'&%3!6#.(7%!+!%0-$%/&44.%(.+$6#.-$//$%$".(8$
&''!(% 3!6#.(2% % "#!+.+"##-.(% 1."!//!3!44!% ($++&4-.(% !-$//!"#$2% % &+% .-&'&% 4#$"&11.<
4#4#!'&% 1&-$//!"#!+,.2% % 4#!-.+"#.<3&(!'&% +!(% "#!+.+"#0-$(% /0+:.% "#%-.(% +."./-."#$
+.''."#$2% % $+,.% /."!"#.4#4#'&% /.!<&'$"#$% 1#".% "+% (.-.+"#$% 1#+!+,.5% % /!(!+,.((&% .+&#.
3!"#.(%!-$//$"#$2%%hh.3.-%1"6!+."#$%&+.//$%/0+:.(/%".%1!"!//.'&2%%$+,.%1";#;#$%-0(8.
.-$(&9!%!-$+"#."#$2%%+&+,.%1!-4#4#."#$%&+%6+"#!"#.-%!''&2%%.3.-$//$%6!'.%+!(!%1!-3&%6.-!9!
!''&2% % +&+,.% +"4#4#$% &++&% /"44."#$% !110% &++!".(% !-$//$"#$2% % $+,.% /"(3!//$% +!+% .1-.(
8."#!'%60'3"+2%%+!+%!+"#.%3"'&9&%($"!11."#$%.3.-$//$%!6#4.(%!''&2%%!+"#.%/."#&%($"!3$
&+.//$% -0(8.% 1!"!4#4#."#$2% % !"#&% 1.4#4#!% $+,.% ($"!3$% &++.5% % !$$.//!% +&+,.% 6.(&9.'
6&!"#."#$%&''!(%-0(8.%-$6!9!%!-$//$"#$2%%+.(%6.(8!"#.+&%+.''.%3.'!'&%6&'.3$%6&!9.+$(2
.3.+% 6.(8!"#.+&% .3.+% /$"$(8.4#4#$//$% 1#"#!"#$2% % % % !+"#.% 1$64#.#.4#4#&% +&+,.
$8.9##!/-!+,.(!5% % !+"#.% 1$64#.#.4#4!'&% $+,.($//$% &++.% $8.9##.(5% % !110% 3&9!'% /!'.(7
."#.+!'&% -0(8.% 3"-/$"#$2% % ($#.(% &''!(% 3"-3&9!% !-$//$"#$7% 3"-3&9&% 4#$"&+,.2% % +&+,.
&++&% 6!11!".% .'.!4#4#."#$% .3.-$//$% 1!"!//.'&2% % (.-."#!% &''!-$//$(% !-$//$"#$7% (.-."#!
!''!"#.% (.+$6#.-&% +&+,.% &+.//$% /!44.% ($"!9$(!5% % $+,.% 3!-$11.(% &++.5% % ."#$% &+.//$
4#&-!+"#!%+.''.%!-$//$(2%%!"#$//!#.%6!-!11."#!%.'$3."#!%!++$%&+.//$%1$-!9.'&2%%+.(%3&4'&
!".'$(% 1!".'$(% +.".+"#$% /0+"!-$//$"#$2% % &+% (.#.+$//$% 1."!11&3!".% 3!(.9!44$"#!+
romba ishtam.
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Adi’s Book.
LESSON 47.
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME.
‘When’, or ‘While’.
M1#"#$N%!6%.""&"%40%4#&%-&'.4!3&%1.-4!;!1'&6%1-&6&+47%1.64%0-%P$4$-&7%.6%6&&+%!+]<
.3.-%6!11!"-.1#"#$%1&6.(!44!-2 He will not speak when(while) he eats. (pres.)
.3.-%6!11!44.1#4#$%&++#"$%1&6.'&2 He did not speak to me when he ate. (past)
.3.-%6!11!"$(1#"#$%+!(%6!11!"$3#(% We shall eat when he eats. (fut.)
M1#N%!6%.'60%$6&"%!+64&."%0P%M1#"#$N2%%%%%%%M\-&6&+4%.+"%P$4$-&%P0-(6%.-&%!+4&-;#.+,&.8'&2
The future form is also used for all tenses. The past form is used only for the past.
‘When…not’, or ‘While…not’.
M1#"#$N0-%M1#N%!6%.""&"%40%4#&%+&,.4!3&%-&'.4!3&%1.-4!;!1'&67%.6%!+]<
.3.+,.%$++&%/%11!"!"#.1#)"#$*%+&+,.%"+%1##.$$(2
Why should you go when they did not call you?
‘After’.
‘pin’ or ‘apram’ is added to the past relative participle:-
+!+%1#+.1!+%+&+,.%3.+"#!+,.2 You came after I went.
‘after’ can also be expressed by adding ‘pin’ or ‘apram’
to a neuter past participial noun, dative case: -
+!+%1#+adhukku1!+%)1#+adhukk.1-.(*%+&+,.%3.+"#!+,.2 You came after I left.
‘Before’.
Similarly, ‘mun’ is added to the future relative participle:-
+!+%3.-.($+%+&+,.%1##!"#!+,. Don’t go before I come.
‘before can also be expressed by adding ‘mun’ to
a neuter participial noun, dative case, present, past or future, as seen in:-
+!+%3.-."#$//$($+%1##."#!+,.2 Don’t go before I come.
+!+%3.+"#."#$//$($+%+&+,.%1##.'&2 You didn’t go before I came.
‘As Soon As’.
M$".+"N%!6%.""&"%40%4#&%1.64%-&'.4!3&%1.-4!;!1'&7
or ‘um’ is added to a neuter past participial noun:-
+.+%3.+"#.3$".+&%)+!+%3.+"#."#$(*%+&+,.%10#.'!(2 As soon as I come you may go.
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Adi’s Book.
‘Until’.
‘varailum’,or ‘varaikkum’ is added to the present or future relative participle,
being used for both future and present tenses:-
%%%%%+&+,.%3.-$(%3.-.!//$(%)3.-.3.-.!//$(*%+!+%!+,&%!-$11"+2
I will be here until you come.
‘varailum’,or ‘varaikkum’ is added to the past relative participle, for past tense only.
+&+,.%3.+"#.3.-.!'$(%+!+%!+,&%!-$+"#"+2 I was here until you came.
Vocabulary
+&;#;#.' swimming eli rat
udhavi (n.) help, assistance udhavi sei (w.dh) help (v.)
kottu (w.in) sting, dump rubbish muyarchchi sei (w.dh) try
Sentences.
=2%/$'.+"#&%4#%+,!+.11#"#$%+!+%3&(!9&%1#+"+2 I went out when the child was sleeping.
>2%&+%/$'.+"#&%4#%+,$(8#"#$L%+!+%3&(!9&%1#-"+2% *( ‘p’ after ‘m’ softens to ‘b’ ).
I will go out when my child is asleep.
?2%+!+%1!(8&%1.-4#4#.1#%#"!1#+"+2 I ran away when I saw a snake.
@2%1.!9.+,.%6."#"#.(%6&!"#.1#"#$%+!+%,#.3.+.(!%1."!//.%($"!9.'&2
When the boys made a noise I could not study attentively.
A2%4#.1!'%!1!6$//$%1##$(8#"#$%!+"#.%/."!"#.4#4#&%/0+"$1#3!+,.(!5
When you go to the post office will you take this letter?
B2%3&44$//$%1#+.1!+%)1#+."#$//$%.1-.(*%.3.+,.($//$%!+"#.%6.+,."#!%4#&-!+"#."#$2
They knew about this matter after they went home.
C2%+&+,.%3.+"#.1!+"#!+%)3.+"#."#$//$%.1-.("#!+*%+!+,.''!(%6!11!"$3#(2
Only after you come all of us will eat.
E2%$+,.11!%3.-$($+%)3.-."#$//$($+*%1#!%1!".(%1."!+,.2
Go and study your lessons before your father comes.
F2%6.11!"$(8#4#$%:!64#!%4#.$$!%/$"!//./%"#!"#$2
You should not drink much water when eating.
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Adi’s Book.
=G2%4#!-$"!+.1#"#$%4#!-$".+&%4#"'%/044!3!44."#$2
While stealing the thief was stung by a scorpion.
==2%.((!%/!44.%!-$//$(8#4#$%/$'.+"#&//$%8.9.(!''&2
When the mother is near the child is not frightened.
=>2%$+,.%1!44&%/"//$(8#4#$%&''!-$//$(%6.+"##6#.(2
Everybody was happy when they heard your music.
=?2%.3.-$//$%:0-.(%3.+"#.3$".+"%"0;40-!".(%1#+!-2
As soon as he got fever he went to the doctor.
14. yeliye parthavudane pune adhe pidiththu thinnuvittadhu.
As soon as the cat saw the rat (mouse) it caught it and ate it up.
=A2%%-$//$%1#+.3$".+"%&+.//$%/."!"#.(%1#"$+,.2
‘Drop us a line’ as soon as you reach your place.
=B2%/$-.+"#&%4#%+,!+.3$".+"%4#!9$(%4#%+,.%1#+!2
As soon as the child slept the mother also went to bed.
=C2%+&+,.%.+,&%!-$+"#.3.-.!//$(%.3.+,.%+.''!%3"'&%6&!"#!+,.2
As long as you were there they worked well.
=E2%+!(%.3.-%1";#;#$%($"!9$(%3.-.!//$(%!-$11#(2
We shall wait until his speech is over.
=F2%+&+,.%3.-$(%3.-.!//$(%+!+,.%/#3!''&%!-$+"##(2
Until you came we were in the temple.
>G2%+!+%1."!4#4#.%3.-.!//$(%1$64#.#.(%+.''.%!-$+"#."#$2
The book was nice as far as I read.
>=2%+!(%;#&++.!//$%1#+.10"#$%/.".'</.-&//$%)/.".-/.-&//$*%1##.'&2
We did not go to the sea shore (beach) when we went to Chennai.
>>2%+&%!+,&%3.-.($+%&+,&%6&!"#$/0+"!-$+"#&%)6&!"#$3.+"#&*2
Where were you working before you came here.
>?2%!+"#.%1$64#.#.4#4#&%($"!//$(%3.-.!//$(%+!+%4#%+,.(!44"+2
I will not sleep until I finish this book.
177
Adi’s Book.
>@2%0-$%.'.#!+.%/$'.+"#&%&++&%1!-4#.3$".+"%&+.//$%3.$.//.(%60++."#$2
A beautiful child greeted me as soon as she saw me.
>A2%+&+,.%&++&%/$11!"-.1#"#$%+!+%3.-.%4#.9!-!%!-$11"+2
I shall be ready to come when you call me.
Practical Conversation. )%[4%Q#&%IO!((!+,%\00'2
E: Elder, Y: Youngster.
d2%4#.(8!7%$++.//$%+!;#;#.'%4#&-!9$(!5 Youngster, do you know how to swim?
i2%&+.//$%+!+"#.%4#&-!9!"#$2%&+.//$%4#.$$!9&%1!-4#4#!%-0(8.%8.9.(!%!-$//$"#$2
I don’t know how to swim. I am very frightened of water.
d2%0#%.1"!9!5%+&%+!+"#.%/.4#4#$/0((.%3"$$(!5
Oh is that it? Do you want to learn to swim?
%%%%%+&%/.4#4#$/0(($(8#"#$%+!+%$++#"$%!-$11"+2%%8.9.11."!"#&2
While you learn I will be with you. Don’t be frightened.
i2%6.-!+,.7%+!+%/.4#4#$/0((.%($9.-;#;#!%6&!3"+2
Alright sir, I shall try to learn.
%%%%%4#.$$!'&%+!+%!-.+,!+.3$".+"%&++&%"#.9.3$6&!"#$%1!"!4#4#$/0(($+,.2
As soon as I get into the water please catch hold of me.
d2%($"#.''&%.+"#.%/.-&%3.-.!//$(%+!+"#$2%%.+,&%1#+."#$//$%.1-.(%4#!-$(8.%3!2
First swim upto that side. After you reach there come back.
i2%+!+%.+,&%1##$($+%&1"!%+!+"#.$$(%&+.//$%/!44$+,.2
Before I go there, show me how to swim.
d2%+!+%+!+"#$(1#"#$%+&9$(%."#&1#'.%6&!2%%/.6#4.(!%!-$+"#!%+!+%$+.//$%$"#.3!%6&!3"+2
When I swim, you do the same. If it is difficult I shall help you.
i2%!1"!9!N+,.5%!110%+!+%/0+:.(%+!+"#.%($"!9$(2
Like this, sir? Now I can swim a little.
-------------------------
178
Adi’s Book.
%%%%%%+&%1.((!/%".(%1#-.11#"#$%+!+$(%3!-"+2%%%%%+&%1.((!/%".(%1##$(8#"#$%&++&%/%11!".
(.-.//!"#&2%%%+!+%1.((!/%".(%1#+.11#"#$%$+%3!"#9!-&%6.+"#!4#4#"+2%%%+!+,.%1.((!/%".(
1##!"#.1#"#$%&+,.%+!9#"#$%3!'.9!".3#(2%%%%%%%%%%3!"#9!-%3.+"#.1!+%(!$.3.+,.%1."!//.
!-.(8!4#4#!+,.2%%%3!4#9!-%$//!-$"#."#$//$%.1-.(%(!+.3.+,.%$//!-+"#!+,.2%%3"'%-$//$
3.-.($+%+&+,.%&+,&%3"'&%6&!"#!+,.5
%%%%%%%3"'%-$//$% 3.-$3."#$//$($+% &+,&% !-$+"#!+,.5% % .3.-% 4#.+% 6+"#!"#.-% 3.+"#."#$(
.3.-#"$%6!11!44!-2%%+!9&%1.-4#.3$".+"%1%+&%#"!1#!3!44."#$2%%+&+,.%6.11!"-.3.-.!//$(%+!+
1."!4#4#$/0+"$%!-$//.'!(!5%%+!+%3.-$(3.-.!//$(%+&+,.%.+,&9$(%1##./$"#!"#$2
1$-$6#.-% 3.+"#.3.-.!//$(% (.+.3!% /."!"#.(% &'$"#!+!-2% % +!+% 3.-$($+% .3.-% &+,&
1#!3!44!-5
%%%%%%+&+,.%3.-."#$//$($+%.3.+,.%3"'&9&%($"!4#4#$3!44!+,.2%% %%%%%.3.-%&++&%/%11!".
3.+"#.1#"#$%+!+%3&(!9&%!-$+"#"+2%%+!+%6$#.(!%!-$/-.1#%&+%3"'&9&%+.''.%6&!"#.($"!9$(2
1!'%3!+,$(804#$%1!'/!-.+$//$%1.$.(%/0"$//.%(.-.+"#$1#+"+2% %+!(%3"'&
%6&!9!"#.1#"#$%/.".3$(&%+!+&4#4#$/0+"!-$//.$$(2%%$+,.%%-%1#!6"-+"#.3$".+"%/."!"#.(
1#"$+,.2
%%%%%%/.9!4#4#&% .3!'4#4#.3$".+&% (!"$% -0(8.% 3"#.(!% #"!1#+."#$2% % % % +!(% !+"#.% $'.#.4#'&
!-$//$(3.-.!//$(% +.''."#$% 6&!9.$$(2% % % % +!+,.% 1&6!"#.3.-!//$(% 4#.(!'% &1"!% 3!-$(5
6$'.8.(!% !-$+"#.3.-.!//$(% 4#.(!'% 1."!//.% +.''.% !-$+"#."#$2% % :0-.(% 3.-."#$//$($+
!+"#.%(.-$+"#&%6!11!"$+,.2%%4#!-$".+%&''!(%1#+.1!+%+!!%/$-.!//.%!-.(8!4#4#."#$2
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179
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 48.
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES, (CONTINUED).
‘In Order To’ or ‘So That’. (adverb of purpose)
‘In order to’ is expressed by Future Relative Participle plus ‘padi’(‘badi’).
An infinitive is also used to express this.
+!+,.%!+"#.%6.+,."#!9&%sollumbadhi%3.+"##(2%%%%%W&%;.(&%#&-&%in order to tell this news.
+!+%!+,&%!+"#.%6.+,."#!9&%solla%3.+"#"+2 I came here in order to tell this news.
‘In Order To...Not’ or ‘So That…Not’.
‘In order to…not’ is expressed by Negative Relative Participle plus ‘padi’(‘badi’),
regardless of number, gender, person and tense.
3.(!%&"$//!"#.padi%&+.//$%%6!%1#"$+,.2
Please give the injection so that (in such a way that) it will not hurt.
‘As’.(adverb of manner)
‘as’ is expressed by Present Relative Participle plus ‘padi’(‘badi’), for present and future,
and by Past Relative Participle plus ‘padi’(‘badi’), for past tense only.
+&+,.%60'-.1."!%+!+%6&!-"+2 I will do as you say
+!+%60++.1."!%.3.+%3&'&%6&!"#!+2 He did the work as I said.
‘Because’ or ‘Since’. (adverb of reason)
‘because’ is expressed by
6$PP!J!+,%M1."!9!'&N%0-%M1."!9!+!'&N%0-%M."#!'&N%0-%M."#.+!'&N%40
Present Relative Participle, for present. and future,
and to Past Relative Participle for past tense only.
The negative form ‘Because…Not’%!6%&J1-&66&"%89%.""!+,%M!"#.N%40%.+%!+P!+!4!3&7
1'$6%M1."!9!'&N%&4;27%-&,.-"'&66%0P%+$(8&-7%,&+"&-7%1&-60+%.+"%4&+6&2
(.'&%1&!-."#!'&%+!+%3&(!9&%1##.(!44"+2 Because it is raining I will not go out.
(.'&%1&!"#.1."!9!'&%+!+%3&(!9&%1##.'&2 Because it rained I did not go out.
+&+,.%/%11!"!"#.1."!9!'&%+!+%3.-.'&2 Because you did not call I did not come.
-------------------------
180
Adi’s Book.
Vocabulary
/.(&11$ tiredness +#9!'! sick person
/.(&11!%!-$%)62+"#* be tired +#!7%39!"#! disease
kadan debt 3!(.//.( clarity
/.".+%/"(%)6244* borrow (&+ fish
kadan kodu (s.thth) lend ""#!3."#$ something
/%44.( meeting nada, madhdhi centre, middle
/%44.(%+.".4#4#$)O2!+* conduct meeting /%44.(%+.".%)624#4#* meeting (going on)
Sentences.
=2%+#!%1##$(8."!%+!(%(.-$+"#$%6!11!".$$(2
So that the disease is cured we should take medicine.
>2%"#%6!%10#$(8."#!%&''!(%+.''!%6$"#"#.(%6&!+,.2
Clean everything properly so that the dust goes.
?2%1.+.(%/.".+%/"//$(8."!%9!-%$++!".(%3.+"#!+,.5
Who came to you in order to borrow money?
@2%&''!-$//$(%4#&-!9$(8."#!%3!(.//.(!%&'$"#$+,.2
Write clearly so that everybody can understand.
A2%/$'.+"#&%1$64#.#.4#4#&%/!'!//!"#.1."!%1!-4#4#$/0(($+,.2
Take care so that the child does not tear the book.
B2%.3.-%!+,&%."!//."!%3.-!"#.1."!%+&+,.%&"#!3."#$%6&!9.$$(2
You should do something so that he does not come here often.
C2%+!+%60'-.1."!%+&+,.%6&!"#!%4#.(!'%6&/-.(!%1"6.($"!9$(2
If you do as I say you will be able to speak Tamil fluently.
E2%+&+,.%1!"-.1."!%+!+%.'.#!%&1103$(%1!".($"!9!"#$2
I can never sing as nicely as you do.
F2%.3.-%/.6#4.1.44.1."!%3"-&%9!-$(%/.6#4.11.".'&2
No one has suffered as much as he did.
=G2%+!+%6$#.(%!''!"#."#!'&%+"4#4#$%!+,&%3.-.'&2
I did not come yesterday because I was sick.
181
Adi’s Book.
==2%3!(.//$%&-!-.1."!9!'&%+&+,.%8.9.(%!''!(&%3"'&%6&!9.'!(2
As the light is on you may work without fear.
=>2%."!//."!%4#.(!''&%1"6-.1."!9!'&%.3.+,.%4#.(!'%+.''!%1"6.($"!9$(2
Since they are talking Tamil often they can talk Tamil well.
=?2%.3.-%&++&%/%11!"!"#.1."!9!'&%+!+%.+,&%1##.'&2
I did not go there because he did not call me.
=@2%/."&%(%"!%!-$+"#.1."!9!'&%+!+%0$$$(%3!+,.'&2
I did not buy anything as the shop was closed.
=A2%1.$.//!-.+%"'&//$%1.$.(%/0"$4#4#."#!'&%"'&%6.+"##6#.(!%!-$/-!+2
Because the rich man gave him money the poor man is happy.
=B2%+!+%-0(8.%"#$-.(%+.".+"#.1."!9!'&%&+.//$%-0(8.%/.(&11!%!-$//$"#$2
As I walked very far I am very tired.
=C2%/%44.(%&+%3&44$//$%/!44.%+.".//.%1#-.1."!9!'&%+!+%/.44!9.(%1#3"+2
As the meeting is going to be held near my house, I must go.
=E2%+&+,.%/."!"#.(%&'$"#!"#.1."!9!'&%+!+$(%$+,.($//$%&'$"#.'&2
As you did not write a letter to me, I (also) did not write to you.
=F2%$+,.(&%6.+"#!//$(8."!"#!+%)6.+"#!//."#!+*%+!+%!+"#.%%-$//$%3.+"#"+2
I came to this place only in order to meet you.
>G2%(&+%1!"!//$(8."!%+!+%"-!//$%1#3"+2 I will go to the lake to catch fish.
>=2%4#!+,.%60'-.1."!%+."./-.3.+,.%)6&!-.3.+,.*%+.''.3.+,.2
They who practice what they preach are good people.
>>2%3.'.//.11."!%+!+,.%1.4#4#$%(.$!//$%4#%+,.%1#+#(2
As usual we went to bed at ten o’clock.
>?2%$+,.%!6#4.11."!9"%&''!(%+.".//$(2)!"!0(*
Everything will be done according to your wish.
>@2%&+.//$%-0(8.%1.6!%&"$4#4#.1."!9!'&%6&/-.(%6!1!44"+2
I ate earlier because I was very hungry.
>A2%1#"#$(!+.%1.$.(%!''!"#.1."!9!'&%&+.//$%6.+"##6#.(%!''&2
Because I do not have enough money I am not happy.
-------------------------
182
Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation. )%[%Q.+/%)e&6&-30!-*2
V: Visitor, L: Local Man.
c2%/$"!<4#.$$!</$(.(%&+,&%!-$//$"#$5 Where is the drinking water tank?
a2%."#$%,-!(.4#4#$//$%(."#!'&%!-$//$"#$2 It is in the middle of the village.
c2%!+"#.%/$(.4#4#$%4#.$$!%9"+%-0(8.%.'$//!%!-$//$"#$2
Why is this tank water very dirty.
a2%!+"#.%/$(.4#'&%!"$<(!"$+,.(&%6$"#"#.(%6&!-.1."!9!'&%.'$//!%!-$//$"#$2
Because cattle are washed in this tank it is dirty.
c2%/$(.4#4#$4#.$$!%.6$"#"#.(%).'$//$*%!#!"#.1."!%,-!(.%:.+.+,.%1.-4#4#$/0((.$$(2
The villagers should see that the tank water does not become dirty.
a2%."#$%+!:.(2%!+!%,-!(.%:.++.+,.(&"#!+%/$(.4#'&%/$(!/-!+,.7%4#$$!+,.%4##!/-!+,.7%.1-.(
."#"%4#.$$!%/$"!/-!+,.2%%%%%%%%Q#.4%!6%4-$&7%8$4%4#&%3!''.,&-6%4#&(6&'3&6%8.4#&7%O.6#
clothes, then they drink the same water.
c2%,-!(.%:.+.+,.%/$"!//.%)/$"!//$(8."!*%4#.$+!%3"-&%&+,!-$+"#$%/0+"$3.-!+,.5
From where else do the villagers bring water to drink?
a2%+!+%60++.1."!%!+"#.%.'$//$%4#.$$!9""#!+%/$"!//.%/0+"$1#-!+,.2
As I said, they are taking only this dirty water to drink.
c2%.!9#7%!"#$%(#6.(7%!''&9!5 Oh dear, it is a shame, is it not?
+!+%$+,.%3&44$//$%3.-.%1$-.1.44"+2%%%%+&+,.%&++&%!+,&%3.-$(8."!%60++!+,.7%!''&9!2
/$'.+"#&% 3&(!9&% 1##!"#.1."!% /."#.3&% (%"!3!44"+2% % % % % % .3.-% +!(% 60++.1."!% 6&!"#!-
."#$"#!+%+.''."#$2%%%%4#.(!'%1!".(%/.6#4.(!%!-$+"#.1."!9!'&%+!+%."#&%1."!//.'&2%%%+&+,.
&+,.($//$% 6!11!"$% /0"$4#4#.1."!9!'&% .3.+,.($//$% 6.+"##6#.(2% % % -!4#-!% &''!(% 3!(.//$
&-!9!"#.<1."!9!'&%!-$44!%!-$+"#."#$2
.3.+,.% 6!-!//$(8."!% +!+% !"#&% .3.+,.($//$% 60''.'&2% % % ,-!(.% :.+.+,.% 6.(8!"#!//$(8."!
+.#.-.+,.($//$% 1#-!+,.2% % % % +!(% /"//!"#.1."!% .3.+,.% -0(8.% (&"#$3!% 1&6!/0$"!+,.2
3!'//&'&%+!(%+!+&/-.1."!%+.".+"#!%&3(.3$%+.''.%!-$//$(5%%%1$64#.#.+,.(&%("6&%(&'&%+!+
3.!4#4#.1."!9"% 3.!+,.2% % % % % % % % % 1!".+,.(&% +&+,.% 6.-!9!% ,#.3.+!//!"#.1."!9!'&% ."#$+,.
$+,.($//$%3!(.+,.'&2%%+!+,.%&''!(%/.".-/.-&//$%+.".//.%1#+#(2
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183
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 49.
SUFFIX ‘UM’ AND ITS USES.
dJ1-&66&6%M[+"N]!when it follows nouns and pronouns.
-!($(%-.#!($(%6+"#!"#.-2 Ram and rahim are friends.
dJ1-&66&6%Md3&+N%0-%M['60N]! when it follows a single noun or pronoun.
!+,&%0-$%("6&9$(%!''&2 There is not even a table here.
+!($(%."!//."!%4#.(!''&%1&6$3#(2 We also will speak in Tamil often.
V+4&--0,.4!0+%1'$6%M$(N%dJ1-&66&6%Z+!3&-6.'!49]!
9!-$(%6$'.8.(!%4#.(!'%/.4#4#$/0((.'!(2 Anyone may learn Tamil easily.
c&-8.'%\.-4!;!1'&%1'$6%M$(N%dJ1-&66&6%M['4#0$,#N]!
(.'&%1&!"#$(%!++$(%6%"$%.".+,.'&2 although it rained the heat has not subsided.
R0+"!4!0+.'%1'$6%M$(N%dJ1-&66&6%M&3&+%!PN]!
+&+,.%"#!+.+"##-$(%0-$%(.$!%+"-.("#!+%1."!4#4#!'$(%1#"#$(2
It will be enough even if you study only one hour daily.
U&$4&-%\.64%\.-4!;!1!.'%U0$+%1'$6%M$(N%dJ1-&66&6%M.6%600+%.6N]!
%-$//$%1#+."#$(%&+.//$%/."!"#.(%1#"$+,.2
Drop me a line as soon as you reach home.
[%U$(&-.'%1'$6%M$(N%dJ1-&66&6%R0(1'&4&+&66%)O!4#0$4%&J;&14!0+*]!
+&+,.%+!'$%1"-$(%!$$.//!%1!".$$(2 All four of you should sing today.
MV++$(j!++$(N%R0++&;46%I4.4&(&+462]!
4#.(8!7% +!+% $+,.11!3&% 1!-//.% 3.+"#"+% !++$(7% (.-$1."!9$(% +!+% .3.-&% 6.+"#!//.
3.-$3"+%!++$(7%3!-$(8#"#$%-&$"$%+.''.%1$64#.#.(%/0+"$3.-$3"+%!++$(7%$+%.11!3$//$
sollu. Child, tell your father that I came to see him and I shall come again to
meet him and will bring two nice books when I come.
Vocabulary
pirar other people 6!'& road
#-.( edge /$-$//$%3.'! short cut
$8."#"6.( preaching /!#.(7%/!//! crow
$8."#"6.(%6&!%)O2"#* preach 1.+.(1.'$( palmyra fruit
$8."#"6!%)624#4#* preach niraya full, overflowing
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Adi’s Book.
pichche alms nadu, madhdhi centre, middle
1!;#;#&/!-.+ beggar 0'$+,$ neatness
pichche edu (s.thth) beg /.44.9.(! certainly
pichche kodu (s.thth) give alms +!;#;#.9.(! certainly
tholle nuisance thondaravu nuisance
tholle kodu (s.thth) be a nuisance +"6.(%)+2* love
thondaravu sei (w.dh) be a nuisance +"6!%)624#4#* love
Sentences.
=2%.3.-%&++&%1!-4#4#$(%&++#"$%1"6!(&%1#!3!44!-2
Although he saw me he left without speaking to me.
>2%/!4#4#$%."!4#4#."#$(%)."!4#4#.3$".+&*%(.'&%1&!"#."#$2
It rained as soon as the wind blew.
?2%+&+,.%/%11!44!'$(%.3.-%3.-.(!44!- He won’t come even if you call him.
@2%&''!%6!(!+$//$(%+!+%&3(.3$%/0"$//.$$(5
How much should I pay for all the things
A2%.3.+,.%!+"#.%3"'&9&%&1"!9$(%6&!9.($"!9$(2
They can do this work somehow or other.
B2%!+,&%&''!(%!-$//$"#$%+&+,.%."#&9$(%6!11!".'!(2
Everything is here, you may eat anything.
C2%&1103$(%$$(&%)+!:.(*%1&6.$$(%!++$(%+!(%+.((&%+"6!/-."#&1#'.3&%1!-.-&9$(
+&6!//.$$(%!++$(%&6$+!"#.-%$8."#"6.(%6&!"#!-2 The Lord Jesus preached that we
should always speak the truth and love others as we love ourselves.
E2%+&+,.%1.4#4#$%1"-$(%!+,&%6!11!".%3!+,.2 All ten of you come here to eat.
F2%+!(%&1103$(%6!'&9#-.(!%+.".//.$$(%
We should always walk on the edge of the road.
=G2%1!;#;#&/.-.+,.%+.(.//$%&''!(%!".4#4#!'$(%4#0''&%/0"$/-!+,.2
The beggars are a nuisance to us everywhere.
==2%+!+%!110%4#%+,.%1#-"+7%9!-$(%&++&%4#0+".-.3$%6&!9./%"!"#$2
I am going to sleep now, no one should disturb me.
185
Adi’s Book.
=>2%!"#$%/#3!''$//$1##.%/$-$//$%3.'!2 This is a short cut to the temple.
=?2%+."$%-!4#-!"#!+%4#!-$".+$//$%-0(8.%+.''.%+"-.(2
Midnight is a very good time for a thief.
=@2%!+"#.%1!".(%1.'.%"#.".3&%1."!4#4#!'$(%&+.//$%3!(.+,.'&2
Although I studied this lesson several times, it is not clear to me.
=A2%:!64#!%4#.$$!%/$"!4#4#$(%&+%"#!#.(%10#.'&%).".+,.'&*
Although I drank a lot of water my thirst is not quenched.
=B2%!4#4#$'&%1#44!'$(%.(.+"#$%10"$2
Even if you throw something in the river, measure and throw it.
(Keep account of all you do, even that of little value).
=C2%9!-$(%!+!(&'&%!"#&1.4#4#!%1"6./%"!"#$2 Nobody should talk about this hereafter
=E2%/!#$(%$//!-+"#."#$(%1.+.(1.'$(%3!'$+"#."#$2
As soon as the crow sat the palmyra fruit fell. (The last straw on the camel’s back)
=F2%!"#$%!++$(%."#$%!++$(%"+%1"6!/0+"!-$/-&5 Why keep saying this and that?
>G2%+!(%&1103$(%&+"#.%3"'&9$(%0'$+,!%6&!9.$$(2
We should always do any work neatly.
>=2%.3.-%$"$11$(%1";#;#$(%1!-4#4#!%1&-!9.%(.+$6#.-&%1#'.%!-$//$"#$2
He looks like a great man by his dress and speech.
>>2%!+,&9$(%.+,&9$(%6$((!%+.".+"#$%/0+"!-$//!"#!+,.2
Don’t just keep walking here and there.
>?2%+&+,.%&++."#!+%60++!'$(%.3.-%0-$%+.''.%(.+$6#.-"#!+2
Whatever you say, he is definitely a good man.
>@2%!4#4#$'&%+!-.9.%3&((.(%3.+"#!'$(%+!!%+!//!"#.+%/$"!//.$$(2
Even if the river floods the dog has to lick to drink. (There is a limit to one’s capacity).
>A2%$+,.%3"'&%($"!+"#."#$(%&++&%3.+"#$%1!-$+,.2
Come and see me as soon as your work is finished.
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186
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 50.
IZXXVkdI%%M*N%%M+N%%M,N%%[US%M*c[STZN
M!N%dJ1-&66&6%[%l$&64!0+2
+"4#4#$%.3.-%3.+"#!-!? Did he come yesterday?
M"N%dJ1-&66&6%d(1#.6!62
!+"#.%1&44!'&9"%1.$.(%1044$3.!2 Keep the money in this box.
.3.-%+"4#4#$%!+,&%3.+"#!-" He did come here yesterday.
M#N%dJ1-&66&6%[%l$&64!0+%W!4#%[+%d(1#.6!62
+"4#4#$%+&+,.'# vandhinga? Was it you who came yesterday?
M#N%['60%dJ1-&66&6%M&!4#&-j0-N2
+&+,.%!1"!9#%.1"!9#%10#.'!(2 You may go this way or that way.
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avar &+,&9#%1#+!-2 He went somewhere.
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He is indeed a rich man, but he cannot eat well.
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+!'!3."#$ (+!'!(*%1!".(%3.6!+,.2 Read the fourth lesson.
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+&+,.%!"#$//$%1.4#4#$%-%8!3!3."#$%/0"$//.$$(2
You should give at least ten rupees for this.
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!$$.//!%/%44.4#'&%+&+,.(!3."#$%+!+!3."#$%1"6.$$(2
In today’s meeting either you or I should speak.
Vocabulary
/#8.(7%/#3.( anger /$-$//" across (dat.)
/#8.(%3!%)O2+"* be angry +"-%3.'! straight way
vahuppu class, standard, grade (!(6.( meat
-------------------------
187
Adi’s Book.
Sentences.
=2%+!+%!3.-&%&+,&9#%1!-4#4#$%!-$/-"+2 I have seen him somewhere.
>2%!3(.3$%6!11!"&%&+.//$%1#"#$(2 This much food is enough for me.
?2%+!+%."#&%&+%/.$$!'&9"%1!-4#4#"+2 I saw that with my own eyes.
@2%+&+,.%&++&%&1103$(%1!-//.'&9#%)1!-4#4#."#$%!''&9#*5
You have never seen me have you?
A2%+!'.//!%$+,.%3"'&/!-.+%/."&4#&-$//$%1#3!+!5
Will your servant go to the market tomorrow?
B2%&+.//$%!110%1"+!3#%1&+;!'#%3"$$(2 I want a pen or pencil now.
C2%.3.-%1.$.//!-.-%+&+,.'#%"'&2%+&+,.%&1"!%!"#&%6&!9.($"!9$(5
He is a rich man but you are poor. How can you do this?
E2%+&+,.%!+"#.%;#!++.%3"'&9!3."#$%6&!9.$$(2 You should at least do this small job.
F2%&+.//$%$".+&%/0+:.(%/!11!9!3."#$%4&9!3."#$%/0+"$3!+,.2
Bring me some coffee or tea at once.
=G2%$+,.%(.#.+%!110%&4#4#.+&9!3."#$%3.#$11$'&%1."!/-!+2
In which class (standard) is your son studying now?
==2%+&+,.%!1"!9"%6&!"#$3.+"#!%&+.//$%/#8.(%3.-$(2
If you keep doing this, I will get angry.
=>2%.+"#.%/.6#4.(!+.%3"'&9&%&1"!9#%6&!"#$%($"!4#4#"+2
I have finished doing that difficult job somehow.
=?2%.3.-%+.''.3.-#%/&44.3.-#%&+.//$%1.-3!''&2
I don’t care if he is a good man or a bad man.
=@2%+!+!3."#$%&+%6+"#!"#.-!3."#$%)+!+#%&+%6+"#!"#.-#*%$+,.(&%6.+"#!11#(2
Either I or my friend will meet you.
=A2%!+"#.%#44.''&%&4#4#.+&9!3."#$%.-&'&%4#.+,!%!-$/-!+,.2
In this hotel in what room number are you staying.
=B2%"'&%:.+.+,.($//$%+!(%!+"#.%$"#.3!9!3."#$%6&!9.$$(2
We should give at least this help to the poor people.
=C2%$!+,.%$+,.%/."!"#.4#'&%/.!%&'$4#$%1#44!+,.(!5 Did you sign your letter?
188
Adi’s Book.
=E2%.3.-%:.+.+,.($//$%!1"!%$8."#"6!//.'!(!5 Can he preach to the people like this?
=F2%&+%6+"#!"#.-%&+.//$%/."!"#.(%1#44!-7%+!+#%!++$(%8."#!'%1#"#.'&2
My friend has written a letter to me, but I have not yet sent a reply.
>G2%&+.//$%&3(.3#%/.6#4.(%!-$//$"#$%."#&%9!-$//$(%60''.(!44"+2
I have such a lot of trouble, but I will not tell anyone.
>=2%$8."#"6.(%6&!-."##%6$'.8.(7%."#.+1."!%+.".11."##%/.6#4.(2
It is indeed easy to preach, but difficult to act accordingly.
>>2%4&9#%/!11!9#%&"##%6&/-.(%/0"$+,.2 Give me tea or coffee or something quickly.
>?2%!+"#.%3.'!%/$-$//$%3.'!9!%+"-%3.'!9!5 Is this a short cut or a straight route?
>@2%+&+,.%4#!+,./!'.(&9!3."#$%6&33!/!'.(&9!3."#$%3.-.($"!9$(!5
Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
>A2%.3.-%/$'.+"#&//$%/0+:.(%(!44!9!3."#$%3!+,.$$(2
I must buy at least some sweets for his child.
Practical Conversation. )%Q.(!'!.+%X00"2
F: Foreigner, T: Tamilian.
X2%4#.(!'+!4'&%/!'.!'&%6!"#!-.$.(!%&++.%6!11!".3!+,.5
In Tamil Nadu what do they usually eat in the morning.
Q2%4#.(!'.-$//$%"##6.!9#%!"'!9#%$11$(!3#"#!+%/!'.(&%6!11!"$2
Dhosai or idli or uppuma is the common breakfast for Tamilians.
X2%Q#.(!'.-%"##6.!%!"'!9#"$7%/!11!9!3."#$%4&9!3."#$%6!11!".(!44!+,.(!5
Don’t the Tamilians take coffee or tea with idli or dhosai?
Q2%!(!7%!+!%.3.+,.%6!"#!-.+.(!%4&9&3!".%/.11!%:.64#!%6!11!".3!+,.2
Yes, but they would usually take more coffee than tea.
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Whether there is something to eat or not, there must be coffee.
X2%.3.+,.%(."#9!+.%6!11!44$//$(%-!4#-!%6!11!44$//$(%&++.%6!11!"$3."#$%3.'.//$(5
What are they used to eating for lunch and supper.
Q2%(."#9!+.(%6!11!44$//$%6!"#.($(%/!!</.-!9$(7%6!'.%6.(.9.(%($44&9$(%(!(6.($(2
For lunch, rice and vegetables, sometimes eggs and meat.
189
Adi’s Book.
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For supper, rice rasam and appalum are usually eaten.
X2%&''!%4#.(!'.-$(%(!(6.(%6!11!".3!+,.(!5 Do all Tamilians eat meat?
Q2%!''&7%&''!-$(%!''&2%.+"#.%1"-%6!11!"$3."#$%!''&2 No, not all. Many people do not eat it.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 48, 49, 50.
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190
Adi’s Book.
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191
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 51.
GREETING AND MEETING PEOPLE.
Vocabulary
0$$$(!''& nothing 3!6"6#.(! particular, special
9.-!3."#$ anyone 9!-$(!''& no one, nobody
avasaram urgency, hurry (n.) 4#.3.-!(& without fail
eppovum always, any time &110%3"$$(!+!'$( anytime
/!4#4#!-$ wait (v.)
Conversation, Doctor’s Reception Desk..
P: Patient, R: Receptionist.
e2%+&+,.'!5%$((&%3!+,.2%+!//!'!'&%$//!-$+,.2 Is that you? Come in. ‘Take a seat’.
P. nandri, romba nandri. Thank you, many thanks.
e2%9&1"!%!-$/-!+,.7%6$#.(!5 How are you, are you well?
%%%%%+!+%+.''!%!-$/-"+2 I am well
%%%%%+&+,.'$(%6$#.(!5 Are you well too?
\2%!''&7%+!+%6$#.(!''&2%)&+.//$%$".(8$%6.-!9!''&*2 No, I am not well.
e2%+&+,.%60O/9.(!''&9!5 Are you unwell?
\2%!(!7%+!+%/0+:.(%60O/9.(%!''&2 Yes, I am a bit unwell.
e2%+!+,.%&3(.3$%+!(!%6$#.(!''&5 How long are you ( have you been) sick.
\2%+!+%0-$%3!-.(!%6$#.(!''&2 I have been unwell for one week.
e2%$+,.%/$".(8.(%6$#.(!5 Is your family well?
%%%%)$+,.%3&4'&%&''!-$(%6$#.(!5* (Is your household well?)
\2%!(!7%&+%3&4'&%&''!-$(%6$#.("#!+7+.+"-!2 Yes, everyone in my family is well, thanks.
e2%+&+,.%&+,&%!-$/-!+,.5%$+,.%3&"$%&+,&5 Where do you live? Where is your house?
\2%9&+%3&"$%/#3!'$//$%1!++!'&%!-$//$"#$2 My house is behind the temple.
R. yedhu unga theru? Which is your street?
\2%.+"#.%+&'.(!+.%4#&-$"#!+%&+,.%4#&-$2 That long street is our street.
R. enna sangadhi? What news?
\2%3!6"6#.(!%0$$!''&2 Nothing special. (nothing in particular)
192
Adi’s Book.
e2%+&+,.%&++&%1!-4#4#$%-0(8.%+!'7%!''&9!5 It is a long time since you saw me, is it not?
\2%!(!7%+!+%$+,.(&%6.+"#!4#4#$%-0(8.%/!'.(%!;#;#$2
Yes, it is a long time since I met you.
e2%+&+,.%"+%3.+"#!+,.5 Why did you come?
\2%+!+%"0;40-&%1!-//.$$(2%$((&%!-$/-!-!5 I want to see the doctor. Is he in?
e2%!''&%.3.-%3&(!9&%1#!%!-$/-!-2%)1#!N/-!-*2 No, he has gone out.
\2%.3.-%&110%4#!-$(8.%3.-$3!-5 When will he return?
e2%.3.-%6&/-.(%4#!-$(8.%3.-$3!-2 He will return soon.
\2%+!+%.3.-$//!#.%/0+:.%+"-.(%/!4#4#!-$//.'!(!5
May I wait for him for a little while?
e2%#7%"#!-!'.(!%/!4#4#!-$//.'!(2 Oh, by all means you my wait.
-------------------------
Sentences.
1. enna sonninga? What did you say? (‘I beg your pardon’)
>2%$+,.(&%1!-//.%&+.//$%6.+"##6#.(2 I am glad to see you.
?2%+!+%$+,.($//$%&++.%6&!9.$$(5 What can I do for you.
@2%&++.//$%+&+,.%0-$%;#!++.%$"#.3!%6&!9.$$(2 You can do a small favour for me.
A2%+!+%.3.-%6+"#!"#.-2 I am his friend.
B2%+&+,.%&++&%"#.9.3$6&!"#$%(.++!11!+,.(!5 Will you please forgive me?
C2%6.-!7%!+"#.%"#.".3&%(.44$(%(.++!/-"+2 Alright, I will forgive you only this time.
E2%+"-.(%!-$+"#!7%&+,.%3&44$//$%3.-.($"!9$(!5
Can you come to our house if you have time
F2%6.-!7%.1"!9"%6&!3"+2 Alright, I shall do so.
=G2%+&+,.%&3(.3$%+"-.(%!-$//.($"!9$(5 How long can you stay.
==2%+!+%-0(8.%+"-.(%!-$//.($"!9!"#$2%/0+:.%+"-.("#!+%!-$//.($"!9$(2
I cannot stay long. I can stay only a little while
=>2%+!+%&110%3.-.'!(5 When may I come?
=?2%+&+,.%+!(.//!%3.-.'!(2 You may come tomorrow.
=@2%$+,.($//$%-0(8.%.3.6.-.(!5 Are you in a great hurry?
193
Adi’s Book.
=A2%!(!7%&+.//$%-0(8.%.3.6.-.(2 Yes, I am in a great hurry.
=B2%+&+,.%3.-.($"!9!"#!5 Can you not come?
=C2%!''&+,.7%&+.//$%.3.6.-.(!+.%3"'&%!-$//$"#$2 No, I have urgent work.
=E2%+&+,.%!+"#.%6.+,."#!%/"(3!11.44!+,.(!5 Did you hear this news?
=F2%!''&7%+.+%!+"#.%6.+,."#!%/"(3!11.".'&2 No, I did not hear this news.
>G2%+!+%1#!3.-.44$(!5%)+!+%1#!%3.-.'!(!5*2 May I take leave? (May I go?).
>=2%1#!44$%3!+,.7%3.$.//.(2 Goodbye.
>>2%+!+%(.-$1."!9$(%$+,.(&%&110%6.+"#!//.'!(5 When can I meet you again?
>?2%+&+,.%&++&%&1103$(%6.+"#!//.'!(2 You may meet me anytime.
>@2%$+,.%"#"6.(%&"#$5 Which is your country?
>A2%&+%"#"6.(%!+"#!9!2 My country is India.
>B2%."#$%9!-%3&"$5 Whose house is that?
>C2%."#$%&+%6+"#!"#.-%3&"$2 That is my friend’s house.
>E2%.3.-%$+,.($//$%4#&-!9$(!5 Do you know him?
>F2%!(!%.3.-&%&+.//$%4#&-!9$(2 Yes, I know him.
?G2%.+,&%9!-!3."#$%!-$/-!+,.(!5 Is there anyone there.
?=2%[+,&%9!-$(!''&2 No one is there.
?>2%!3.-%$+,.($//$%4#&-!9$(!5 Do you know this person?
??2%!''&7%!3.-%&+.//$%4#&-!9.3"%4#&-!9!"#$2 No, I don’t know this person at all.
?@2%+!+%60'-."#$%$+,.'$//$%4#&-!9$"#!5 Do you understand what I say?
?A2%+&+,.%60'-."#$%&+.//$%+.''!%4#&-!9$"#$2 I understand well what you say.
?B2%+&+,.%&110%3.+"#!+,.5 When did you come.
?C2%+!+%!110"#!+%3.+"#"+2 I came just now.
?E2%$+,.'&%4#!-$(8.%&110%1!-//.'!(5 When can I see you again.
?F2%+&+,.%&++&%&1103$(%)&110%3"$$(!+!'$(*%1.-//.'!(2
You may see me any time you like.
@G2%+&+,.%&++&%+!(.//!%/.44.9.(%1!-$+,.2 Definitely see me tomorrow.
@=2%6.-!7%+!+%$+,.(&%+!(.//!%4#.3.-!(.%1!-11"+2
Alright, I will see you tomorrow without fail.
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194
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 52.
CONVERSATION ABOUT WORK.
Vocabulary
,-!(.<:.+.+,. villagers 1.9!-%4#0'!' agriculture
,-!(.4#4#!- villagers 3!3.6!9.( agriculture
/$"!9!+.3.- farmer 6.($6!-! farmer
+&6.3!(! weaver /.!<4#0'!' hand craft industry
3.$$!+ dhobi +&!-.<4#0'!' weaving
,$(.64#! clerk thachchar carpenter
4#0'!'7%$"#9##.( profession /04#4#$%3"'& masonry
39!8!-! merchant 39!8!-.( trade, business
3"-& other, different seruppu sandal
."!#.(! in large numbers surusuruppu activeness
uraippu diligence $-.!11!'! hard worker, diligent one
6#(8.' laziness 6#(8"-! lazy fellow
($"!%3&44$/0(%)O2+"* have a haircut kshavara-kade barber’s shop
/6#.3.-.(6&!"#$/0(%)O2+"* have a shave kshavaram shaving (n.)
Conversation.
=2%$+,.'$//$%&++.%3"'&5 What is your occupation.
>2%+!+%,$(.64#!%3"'&%6&!-"+2 I am a clerk.
?2%,-!(.4#'&%&"#$%($/9.(!+.%3"'&5 What is the main occupation in the village?
@2%3!3.6!9.(%)1.9!-%4#0'!'*%($/9.(!+.%3"'&2 Agriculture is the main occupation.
A2%,-.(.4#4#!-%3"-&%&++.%4#0-!'%6&!-!+,.5 What other industry do the villagers do?
B2%,-!(.<:.+.+,.%1!!<+&!-.%4#0'!'%6&!-!+,.2 The villagers do mat-weaving.
C2%!3.-%&++.%3"'&%6&!-!-5 What is his work?
E2%$+,.%1$-$6#.-$//$%&++.%3"'& What is your husband’s work?
F2%&+%1$-$6#.-%4#.;#;#.<3"'&%6&!-!-2 My husband is a carpenter.
=G2%+&%9!-%3&4'&%4##44.%3"'&%6&!-&5 With whom are you working as a gardener?
==2%+!+%0-$%"0;40-%3&4'&%4##44.%3"'&%6&!-"+2 I am a gardener at a doctor’s house.
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Adi’s Book.
=>2%$+,.($//$%3"'&/!-.+%!-$//.%3"$$(!5 Do you want to be a (house) servant?
=?2%!''&7%&+.//$%.+"#.%3"'&%!6#4.(%!''&2 No, I don’t like that work.
=@2%+&+,.%(!"$<3.$"!//!-.-!5 Are you a bullock cart driver?
=A2%!(!7%+!+%3.$"!//!-.-"#!+2 Yes I am a cart driver.
=B2%&3'.3$%+!(!%3.$"!%#4-!+,.5 How long have you been driving a cart.
=C2%1.4#4#$%1."#!+.+:$%3.-$6#.(!%#4-"+2 I have been driving for 10-15 years.
=E2%Z+,.%3.$$.+%&110%3.-$3!+5 When will your dhobi come?
=F2%&+,.%3.$$.+%."$4#4#.%3!-.(%3.-$3!+2 Our dhobi will come next week.
>G2%!"#$%&++.%/."&7%/6#.3.-&%/."&9!5 What shop is this, a barber’s shop?
>=2%+!+%($"!%3&44!/0((.$$(7%.110%+!+%/6#.3.-.(%6&!"#$/0((.$$(2
I want to have a shave then a haircut.
>>2%U!+,.%+&6.3$%3"'&%4#&-!9$(!5%%(."#$-.!'&%+&6.3!'!+,.%."#!#.(!%!-$/-.+,.(!5
Do you know how to weave? In Madhurai are there many weavers?
>?2%&+.//$%+&6.3$%3"'&%4#&-!9!"#$7%!+!%(."#$-.!'&%.+"#.%+&6.3!'!+,.%!-$/-!+,.2
I don’t know how to weave, but in Madhurai there are many weavers.
>@2%.+"#.%/.44.".4#'&%.3.-%&++.%3"'&%6&!-!-2 What work is he doing in that building?
>A2%.3.-%.+,&%/04#4#$%3"'&%6&!-!-2 He is working as a mason there.
>B2%.3.-%4#0'!'%&++.%4#&-!9$(!5%.3.-%6&-$11$%4#.!/-.3.-2
Do you know what his work is? He is a cobbler.
>C2%&+,.11!%0-$%39!8!-!7%.3.-%.-!6!%39!8!-.(%6&!-!-2
Our father is a merchant, he is doing rice business.
>E2%$+,.($//$%3"'&%!''&9!5%!110%&+,&%3.+"#!+,.5
Don’t you have work? What brought you here now?
>F2%&+.//$%3"'&%!''&2%!110%3"'&%4#""!%3.+"#"+2
I have no work. I came in search of a job.
?G2%!3.+%3"'&%0$$$(%6&!9.'&9!5 Is he not doing any work?
?=2%.3.+%0-$%1!;#;#&//!-.+2%1!;#;#&%&"$/-."#$%.3.+%4#0'!'2
He is a beggar. Begging is his profession.
?>2%!+"#.%!'%1&-!9.%6#(8"-!2 This man is a very lazy one.
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196
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 53.
CONVERSATION WITH A SERVANT.
Vocabulary
mei truth poi lie
thuppu (w.in) spit 6&!"#!%4#!( newspaper
3!6!-!%1#"$ switch on (fan) visiri niruththu switch off (fan)
3!''.//$%1#"$ switch on (light) 3!''.//$%.$& switch off (light)
sarakku iru be slippery 3.'.3.'.++$%!-$ be slippery
:.,-&"#&9!%!-$ be careful 8."#-.(!%!-$ be careful
1!-4#4#$%3!+,. watch out! 3"'&9!%!-$ be busy
Conversation.
=2%!$$.//!%6&!"#!%4#!(%&+,&5%&+%.-&//$%6!3!%&+,&5
Where is today’s newspaper? Where’s my room key?
>2%!"##%!-$//$"#$+,.2%6!3!%/%".%/0$"$3.-"+N,.
Here it is sir. I am bringing the key as well sir.
?2%/."#.3&%(%"$N1!2%(%"!3!44&9!5 Close the door man. Have you closed it?
@2%+!+%($+"#!9"%(%"!3!44"+N,.2 I have alredy closed it sir.
A2%/."#.3&%4#!-.N(!2%"+%-0(8.%+"-.(%6&!-&5
Open the door ‘ma. Why do you take such a long time?
B2%!"##7%4#!-.+"$3!44"+N(!2%3"'&9!%!-$+"#"+7%."#.+!'&%+"-.(%!;#;#$2
Look, I am opening it ‘ma. I was busy, so it took time.
C2%8."#-.(!%!-$2%):!,-."#&9!%!-$*2 Be careful. (Take care of yourself)
E2%+!+%60++."#&%(.-.+"#$%1##!"#&7%4#&-!+"#."#!5
Don’t forget what I said, d’you understand?
F2%4#&-!+"#."#$7%+!+%(.-.//.(!44"+2 Understood, I won’t forget.
=G2%3!(.//$(%3!6!-!9$(%1#"$2 Put on the light and the fan.
==2%3!6!-!%3"#.(!%3"$$(!7%(&"#$3!%3"$$(!5 Do you want the fan fast or slow?
=>2%3!(.//&%.$&+,.2%Q#.44!9&%/&'&%3!"$+,.2% Turn off the light. Pull down the thatties
=?2%4#.44!9&%1!"#!%3!44!%1#"#$(!5 If I pull the thatties half way is it enough?
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Adi’s Book.
=@2%6."#"#.(%)/%;#;#!*%6&!9!"#&%)1#"!"#&*2 Do not make a noise.
=A2%+!+%6."#"#.(%6&!9.'&7%+!+%(&"#$3!%1"6-"+2
I am not making a noise, I am speaking quietly.
=B2%.1"!9"%+!''$2%%.+,&%1##!"#&2%%+!+%$++#"$%)$+/!44.*%1"6.$$(2%%&+%.-&9&%6$"#"#.(%6&!2
Stand still. Do not go there. I must speak with you. Clean my room.
=C2%!"#&%+9!8.4#'&%3.!4#4#$///0(%)3.!;#;#$//#*2 Bear this in mind.
=E2%+&%$+%3"'&9&%1!-2%%.3.-&%$((&%3.-.%60''$2%%.3.-&%&++&%1!-//.%60''$2
Mind your own business. Tell him to come in. Tell him to see me.
=F2%6.-!+,.7%&110%$+,.(&%1!-//.%60''.$$(5
Alright sir, when should I tell him to see you?
>G2%10!%60''!"#&7%+!:.(%)(&!*%1"6$2 Do not lie, tell the truth.
>=2%!"#$%10!%!''&7%+!:.("#!+%)(&!"#!+*2 This is not a lie, it is indeed the truth.
>>2%.+,&%4#$11!"#&2%%,."!#!-.4#4#$//$%6.3!%/0"$2%%&+.//$%/.6#4.(%/0"$//!"#&2
Don’t spit there. Wind up the clock. Don’t give me trouble.`
>?2%&++&%4#0+".-.3$%6&!9!"#&2%%3.'.//.(%1#'.%3!2%%6.-!9!+.%+"-.4#'&%3!2
Do not worry me. Come as usual. Come on time.
>@2%+"-.(%10-$4#4#$%)/.'!4#4#$*%3.-!"#&2%%)1!+"#!%3.-!"#&*2 Do not come late.
>A2%&++.%60++&5%%+!+%0$$$(%60''.'&2%%+&%&+"#.%1.//.(%1#-&5
What did you say? I did not say anything. Which way are you going?
>B2%&+.//$%&''!(%0$$$"#!+2%%&++.%/"44&5 It is all the same to me. What did you ask?
>C2%."#&%&"$2%%!"#&''!(%&"$4#4#$3!"$2%%!+"#.%;#&44&%.3.-!".(%/0+"$1#2
Take that. (Pick it up) (Pass it on). Take all these away. Take this chit to him.
>E2%6.-!+,.7%!"#$//$%8."#!'%3"$$(!5 Alright sir, do you want a reply for this?
>F2%+!+%+"-.%10-"+2%%!+"#.%1.//.(%1#7%.+"#.%1.//.(%1##!"#&2%%!+,&%-0(8.%.'$//!%M/"#$2
I am going straight. go this way, don’t go that way. It is very dirty here.
?G2%.+,&%"#%6!%)"#%6$9!*%!-$//$"#$2%%"#%6!9&%+.''!%4#$"&+,.2%%.+"#.%/$11&9&%9&"$2
It is dusty there. Wipe the dust well. Take away that rubbish.
?=2%/!'%6.-$//$(7%1!-4#4#$%3!+,.2% ‘Your feet will slip, watch out!’
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198
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 54.
CONVERSATION REGARDING TIME.
+"-.(%!;#;#$ it is time !++$(%+"-.(%!#.'& it is not yet time
."#!</!'.!'& early in the morning /!4#4#$%3!+,.%1# go for a walk
6!"#!-.+.(! usually, ordinarily vidumure holiday, leave
1.'.//.( custom 3.'.//.( habit
Conversation.
=2%V110%(.$!%&++.5%%!110%6.-!9.%&44$%(.$!2%%$+,.($//$%/.!<,."!#!-.(%!-$//$"#!2
What is the time now? Now it is exactly 8 o’clock. Do you have a watch?
>2%!(!7%&+.//$%0-$%+.''!%/.!<,."!#!-.(%!-$//$"#$2%%!110"#!+%1.4#4#$%(.$!%."!4#4#."#$K
Yes, I have a good watch. It has just struck ten!
?2%$+,.%,."!#!-.4#'&%&++.%(.$!2%%&+%,."!#!-.4#'&%-&$""%($//!'%(.$!2
What is the time by your watch? It is 2.45 by my watch.
@2%."#$%"+%1.4#4#$%."!4#4#."#$5%%&+.//$%4#&-!9!"#$2%%+!(.//!%/.'.(&%&44$%(.$!//$%3!+,.2
Why did it strike ten? I don’t know. Come tomorrow morning at 8 o’clock.
A2%+&+,.%!$$.//!%6!!+,!'.(%.+:$%(.+!//$%3.-.%($"!9$(!5%%+!'$%6.(#6!%/0+"$3!+,.2
Can you come at 5 o’clock this evening? Bring four samosas.
B2%!''&7%3.-.($"!9."#$7%!+!%+!(.//!%3.-.($"!9$(2%%+!'$%!"'!+,.%/0+"$3.-.$$(!5
No, I cannot come, but I can come tomorrow. Shall I bring four idlis?
C2%(%+$%."!4#4#$%1.4#4#$%+!(!6#.(%!;#;#$2%%$+,.($//$%0-$%1$4#$%,."!#!-.(%3"$$(2
It is ten past three. You need a new watch.
E2%$+,.%,."!#!-.(%6.-!9!%1##$"#!5 Is your watch correct? ( does it keep good time?)
F2%&+%,."!#!-.(%.+:$%+!(!6#.(%($+"#!%)6&/-.(*%1##$"#$2%%."#$%+"4#4#$%$"&+"#."#$2
My watch is five minutes fast. It broke yesterday.
=G2%.3.-%,."!#!-.(%&44$%+!(!6#.(%1!+"#!%)(&"#$3!*%1##$"#$2%%."#$//$%/.$$!"!%!''&2
His watch is eight minutes slow. That has no glass.
==2%!110%!-$%1.4#4#$%!;#;#$2%%!''&7%&44$%."!//.%!-$8."#$%+!(!6#.(%!-$//$"#$2
It is six ten. (Ten past six). No, it is twenty to eight.
=>2%+&+,.%&4#4#.+&%(.$!//$%3.-!+,.5% What time are you coming?
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Adi’s Book.
=?2%+.+%1."#!+0-$%(.$!//$%3.-.'!(!5 Can I come at ten o’clock?
=@2%!++$(%+"-.(%!#.'&9!5%%!''&7%!++$(%+"-.(%!#.'&2
Is it time yet? No, it is not yet time.
=A2%.!9#7%+"-.(%!!1#;#;#$7%+!+%$".+&%1##.$$(2 Oh dear, it is time, I must go at once.
=B2%+&+,.%"+%-0(8.%1!+"#!%3.+"#!+,.5% Why were you very late.
=C2%&++&%(.++!;#;#$/#+,.7%&+.//$%3.'!'&%/0+:.(%3"'&%!-$+"#."#$2
Forgive me , I had some work on the way.
=E2%!+,&%9!-%($+"#!%3.+"#!+,.5%)3.+"#."#$5* Who came here early?
=F2%+!+"#!+%!+,&%($+"#!%3.+"#"+2 I was the one who came here early.
>G2%!$$.//!%&++.%/!'.(&7%4#!+,./!'.(&9!2 What is today, is it Monday.
>=2%!(!7%+.(.//!%6&33!/!'.(&7%+!(.$$.//!%8$"#.+/!'.(&%!-$//$(2
Yes, tomorrow is Tuesday, the day after tomorrow will be Wednesday.
>>2%.110%+"4#4#$%+!!4#4#$//!'.(&%!-$+"#."#$7%!''&9!5
So yesterday was Sunday, wasn’t it?
>?2%!(!7%.1"!%"#.+%!-$//$/$(%3!-.("##-$(2%($+"#!+!(%6.+!//!'.(&%!-$+"#."#$2
Yes, it’s like that every week. The day before yesterday was Saturday.
>@2%+&+,.%(."#$-.!//$%+!(.//!%1#3!+,.(!5 Will you go to Madhurai tomorrow?
>A2%!''&7%+.+%.+,&%."$4#4#.%3!-.(%1#3"+2 No, I will go there next week.
>B2%/!'.!'&%&4#4#.+&%(.$!//$%3&(!9&%1#3!+,.5 When will you go out in the morning?
>C2%+!+%."#!/.'.!'&%3&(!9&%1#-"+2 I am going out early in the morning.
>E2%+!'.$$.//!%+!+%&110%3.-.$$(5 When shall I come the day after tomorrow?
>F2%+&+,.%(."#9!+.(%1.$$&+"$%(.$!//$%4#.3.-!(&%3!+,.2
Come at 12 o’clock without fail.
?G2%1.$$&+"$%(.$!//$%&+.//$%+"-.(%!''&2 I have no time at noon.
?=2%+&+,.%3.'.//.(.%-!4#-!'&%&4#4#.+&%(.$!//$%6!11!".3!+,.5
At what time do you usually eat at night?
?>2%+!+%"#!+.+"##-$(%6!"#!-.$.(.%&44$%(.$!//$%6!11!".3"+2
I usually eat at eight o’clock daily.
??2%1.#.'%+"-.4#'&%)1.#.''&*%4#%+,$3!+,.(!2 Do you sleep during the day time?
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Adi’s Book.
!"#$%&&'($')*++,$-*.*&&'$/.!)0*1*$-*"*++*2$%&&'#
No, I am not in the habit of sleeping in the day-time.
!3#$)#)0*$%)0'$'4&*4,$5'/./.*)'6$)$%$$%1,+1%)0*7 How long have you been here?
!8#$)$)$-*&*$4*1,9.*2$$%)0'$%1,+1&)# I have been here for several years.
!:#$;.*<*4,9'%;.,$')*++,$1'';,$4$1*2$4%;,2,1'$+=;,)0*#
Please give me leave for two weeks.
!>#$%--=$4&&'$*;%.*2$$%1,++,;.,($*;.*)$&'$=1,$4$1*2;.$)$4%;,2,1'$+=;,++*2,;%<,2#
There is a lot of work now, so only one week’s leave can be given.
!?#$*;,/./.*$4$1*2$<$1$4*1$)0*7 Who is coming next week.
"@#$*;,/./.*$4$1*2$<$1,2$4*1*&'# Nobody is coming next week.
"A#$-()*$4$1*2$')0'$-(%$%1,);.%)0*7 Where had you been last week?
"B#$)$)$-()*$4$1*2$2*2C*%++,$-(%$%1,);.&)# I had been to Mumbai last week.
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201
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 55.
CONVERSATION ABOUT WEATHER.
Vocabulary
4*9*)/.*$+$&*2 spring +,%%1$+*&*2 winter
idi thunder (n.) idi-idikkudhu (s.thth) thunder (v.)
minal lightning (n.) minnudhu(w.in) be lightning flash
-,",++*2$$%1, be sultry +,%%1D.D.%<$$%1, be cool
paruva nile weather +,%%1$$%1, be cold
Conversation.
A#$%''*++%$-*1,4*$)%&'$'-;%$%1,++,;.,7 How is the weather today?
B#$%''*++%$-*1,4*$)%&'$1=2C*$)*&&*$%1,++,;.,# Today the weather is very good.
!#$+=)E*$)&1*/.&'$2*"'$-'%<,2$7 Will it rain in a short while?
"#$$2$($2*"'$-'%<,2-(&*$%1,++,;.,# Yes, it seems like it will rain.
3#$%')*++%$1=2C*$4'<<%&($%&&'<$7 It is very hot today, is it not?
8#$$2$($%')*++%$1=2C*$9!;$$%1,++,;.,# Yes, it is very hot today.
:#$+$&*2'$'-;%$%1,);.*;.,7 How was it in the morning?
>#$+$&'&'$1=2C*$+,%%1$$%1,);.*;.,# It was very cold in the morning.
?#$)&/./.,$1$/.1%$+,%%1D.D.%<$$%1,);.*;.$7 Was it cool last night?
A@#$%&&'($)&/./.,$1$/.1%$-,",++*2$$%1,);.*;.,# No, yesterday night was sultry.
AA#$,)0*$,1&'$)*&&*$2*"'$-'%;.*;.$7 Have you had heavy rain in your town?
AB#$E$9/.%$2*"'$%&&'($&&9*$-'%;.*;.,# Not much rain, it rained lightly.
13. veyyil epdi irukkudhu? How is the heat? (sun)
A"#$4'<<%&$E$9/.%$*;%++*;.,# The sun (It) is very hot.
A3#$)&/./.,$+$/./.,$*;%/.*;.,# Yesterday it was windy.
16. adhu enna velichcham? adhu enna sadhdham? What is that light? What’s that noise?
A:#$*);.*$4'%%D.D.*2$2%))*&$%1,++,2# That light is lightning.
18. andha sadhdham idi. idi idikkudhu. That noise is thunder. It is thundering.
A?#$,)0*%,++,$+,%%1$+$&*2$$4*9*)/.*$+$&*2$$%9./*27 Do you like winter or spring?
B@#$4*9*)/.*$+$&*/.&'($/.(//*2$*"*.$$%1,++,2# In the spring the plants are beautiful.
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202
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 56.
CONVERSATION WITH A TAILOR.
Vocabulary
chatte, chokka shirt 2$;.%1%$/.,'% pattern
uduppu dress (n.) (clothing) thrupti satisfaction
/.*%*1/./.%<$$%1, be loose thaiyal tailoring
,1,++,2$$%1, be tight +!&% charge (n.)
pidi be tight thiruppi kodu return (v.)(tr.)
Conversation.
A#$;.*<*4,9'%;.,$=1,$/.*%<*&+$1*1'$+!//%+=);,$4*1%)0*%$7 Will you please bring a tailor?
B#$9*1%)0*($+!//%+=);,$4$1&)# Yes sir, I will bring one.
!#$%4*1,++,$=1,$D.*//'$4&',2($/.*%++*2,;%<,2$7 He needs a shirt, can you stitch it?
"#$2,;%<,F)0*($/.*%/./.,$/.*1&)#$ I can, I will stitch it and give it.
3#$D.=++*%++,$'4%*4,$/.,'%$4&'!27 How much material is needed for a shirt?
8#$=1,$D.=++*%++,$1'';*1'$2#/*1$/.,)%# For a shirt 2½ metres of cloth.
:#$')$*%*4,$';,+1%)0*%$7 Will you take my measurements?
>#$$2$($+=)EF=1,$)%2%9.*2#$ Yes, just a minute.
?#$-&)/9$+!;*$/.*%++*),2#$-&)/9,++,$'4&*4*$/.,)%7
Pants are also to be made. How much cloth for pants?
A@#$=1,$4%)$;%$%1,)0*($*%*4,$';,/./.,$-$1+1&)# Just a second, I will measure and see.
AA#$%);.*$/.,'%<%&%1,);.,$1'';*1'$2#/*1$';,/./.,+(F)0*#$$C$++%$/.%1,--%$+=;,)0*#
Take 2½ metres from this cloth. Give back the remainder.
AB#$9*1%)0*($9'%1&)#$$2$;.%1%$/.,'%$%1,++,;.$ Okay, will do. Is there a pattern?
A!#$,)0*$D.$//'$2!),$)$%%'$/.*<$1$$%1,++,2# Your shirt will be ready in three days.
A"#$=1,$D.*//'++,$/.*%<*&$+!&%$'4%*4,7 How much do you charge for a shirt?
A3#$=1,$D.*//'++,$/.=))!1,$1!C$$4*)01&)# I charge Rs 90 per shirt.
A8#$G)0*$+!&%$E$9/.%($+=)E*2$+*22%$-*'',)0*# Your charges are high, reduce it a bit.
A:#$')$+,&%$1=2C*$%&&'($$)$$,)0*&,++$.*$*)E,$1!C$$+*22%$-*'1&)#
My charges are not too much, but I will reduce it Rs 5 for you.
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A>#$*%*4'&&$2$9*1%<$$%1,++*',2($/.'1%);.*;.$# Everything should fit well, understand?
A?#$C*<*--*;$;.%)0*$*%<$#$,)0*%,++,$/.1,-/%<$$/.*%/./.,$+=;,+1&)#
Never fear sir. I will make it to your satisfaction.
B@#$')0*$,;,--,$/.*<$1$$%4%//*;.$7 Is our clothing ready?
BA#$$2$)0*(,)0*$,;,--,$/.*<$1$$%4%//*;.,#$$%--=$)%)0*$-(//,$-$1++*&$2#
Yes sir, your clothes are ready. Now you can try them on and see.
BB#$'-;%$%1,++,;.,7$*%*4,$'&&$2$9*1%<$$%1,++,;.$7$$ How is it? Does it fit well.
B!#$/.(%$+%//*4,2$*++,%$+%//*4,2$+=)E*2$-%;%++,;.,#
It is a bit tight near the shoulder and the armpit.
B"#$=1,$D.(%%$/.*%++*',2($$)$$*/.'$1'';,$-*++*2,2$+=)E*$/.*%*1/./.%<$$%1,++*',2#
A choli is to be stitched, but it should be a little loose on both sides.
B3#$%;.&$*%*4,$%1,++*',2#$$%''*++%$/.,'%$+=;%/./.$($'''*++%$/.*%/./.,$+=;,+1%)0*7
It should be this size. If I give the cloth today, when will you stitch and give it?
B8#$)$%*''*++%$+*//$<*2$/.*%/./.,$+=;,--&)#
I will make it and give it the day after tomorrow.
B:#$)#)0*$9=))*$)$%$)%D.D.*<*2$$+=;,++*',2# You must give it on the promised day.
B>#$/.*4*1$2'$+=;,--&)F0*#$ I shall give it without fail ma’am.
B?#$)#)0*$)*&&$$/.*%+1%)0*#$')*++,$1=2C*$/.1,-/%#
You tailor well. I am very satisfied.
!@#$1=2C*$)*);1%)0*($,)0*$/.1,-/%;.$)$')$9*);.(9.*2#
Thank you very much, your satisfaction is my happiness.
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Adi’s Book.
LESSON 57.
CONVERSATION WITH A CLOTH MERCHANT.
Vocabulary
puduve, sele saree pattu silk
2*//*2$)* inferior. )!& cotton
+(;,$-(//* striped +*//*2$-(//* chequered
+*2C*%%$/.,)% woollen cloth tharchchamayam at present
Conversation.
A#$,)0*%,++,$9&&')0*$5-,;*4')0*6$%1,++,;.$7 Do you have sarees?
B#$%1,++,;.,($'))*$4%;.*2$)*$9&&'$4&',27 Yes, what kind of sarees do you want?
!#$-*//,$-,;*4'$4&',2$($)!&$-,;*4'$4&',2$7 Do you want silk or cotton sarees?
"#$9%&*$$1*)%$-,;*4')0*$+$//,)0*#$$+$)E%-!1*2$-*//,$9&&')0*$,)0*%%;*2$%&&'<$7
Show me some Arni sarees. Don’t you have Kanchipuram silk sarees?
3#$%1,);.*;.,($$)$$$%-(D.D.,#$$/.%1,2C*$=1,$4$1*/.&'$4*1,2#
We had, but they are all sold out. They will come in again in a week.
8#$$1,$2#/*1&'$9%&*$)*&&$$)!&$9'&')0*$+$//,)0*# Show me some good six metre sarees.
:#$%;.,)0*$');.*$!1$)!&$-*;*4')0*7 From which place do these cotton sarees come?
>#$%;.,)0*$2*;,1*%<,2$+(%2C*/!1,2$9&&')0*#
These are Madurai and Coimbatore sarees
?#$%);.*$-,;*4'++,$9$<*2$-(%4%;,2$7 Will the colour of this saree fade?
A@#$%&&')0*($9$<*2$-(.*4&$-(.$;.,# No, the colour will never ever fade.
AA#$%);.*$-,;*4'++,$0'//%$9$<*2# This saree has fast colour.
AB#$)#)0*$9$<*/./.'$-*/./.%$)%D.D.*<*2$$9=&&*2,;%<,2$7
Can you say for certain about the colour?
A!#$)$)0*$1=2C*$)%D.D.*<*2$$9=&&*2,;%<,2# We can certainly guarantee it.
A"#$%);.*$9&&'++,$9$<*2$0'//%$%&&'F2*#$$+=)E*$)$%%'$9$<*2$-=%4%;,2#
The colour of this saree is not fast. It will fade after a few days.
A3#$4%&'$,<*1);.*$5E$9/.%$4%&'&'6$)*&&*$D.=++$/.,'%$+$//,)0*#
Show me the more expensive ( superior quality) shirting cloth.
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Adi’s Book.
A8#$%;.($D.=++$$/.,'%($-$1,)0*# Here is the shirting cloth, have a look.
A:#$%;.'4%;*$2'&%9,$/.,'%$%&&'<$7 Don’t you have finer material than this?
A>#$%&&')0*($%;.'4%;*$2'&%9,$/.,'%$')0*&%;*2$%&&'#
No madam, we don’t have finer material than this.
A?#$%);.*$/.,'%$2=;.;.$$%1,++,;.,#$')*++,$2*//*2$)*$/.,'%$4&'$2#
This is coarse material. I don’t want inferior cloth.
B@#$9*1%)0*22*($,)0*$%9./*2($$)$$%/.,$2*//*$/.,'%$%&&'#
Alright madam, as you wish, but this is not coarse material.
BA#$+(;*$-(//*$D.=++$/.,'%$%1,++,;.$7 Do you have striped shirting?
BB#$%1,++,;.,)0*($')0*%%;*2$+*//*2$-(//*$/.,'%$+!;*$%1,++,;.,#
We have, we have chequered shirting too.
B!#$&*%/$+*&*1$;.$)$')*++,$-%;%++,2($0.$;%<$$4&'$2#
I only like light colours, I don’t want dark.
B"#$%;.,$1=2C*$*1,2'<$)*$/.,'%#$$1=2C*$+$&*/./.,++,$)*&&$$,"*%++,2#
This is very excellent material. It will serve well for a long time.
B3#$)*&&*$+*2C*%%$/.,'%$%1,++,;.$7 Do you have any nice woollen material?
B8#$%&&')0*22*($/.*1D.D.*2'<*2$%&&'($1');=1,$4$1*/.&'$4*1,2#
No madam, not at present, it will come in a week or two.
B:#$-$14*$%&&'($)$)$*;,/./.*$4$1*2$4*1&)# Never mind, I shall come next week.
B>#$9*1%)0*22*($*-;%<&$9'%)0*($4*'*++*2#
Alright madam, please do come, goodbye.
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Adi’s Book.
LESSON 58.
CONVERSATION WITH A FRUIT MERCHANT.
Vocabulary
2$2C*"*2 mango ;1$+9.'$-*"*2 grapes
-*--$&%$-*"*2 pappaya *--%&$-*"*2 apple
*)$9%$-*"*2 pineapple 4$"*-*"*2 banana, plantain
0=<<$$-*"*2 guava -*&$$-*"*2 jack friut
+$<$ unripe -*",/./.$($-*"*2$ ripe
4%&'$2*&%4$ cheap price 4%&'$E$9/.% expensive
*",.%-( decay 4&1'))* what other
'&,2*D.*2C*"*2 lime -*"*2 fruit
$1*)E, orange (tangerine) 9$/./.,++=;% sweet lime, (orange)
H=/'I!$ 5*6$&=D*&&<($*)$J=1*)0'F$5$1*)E,6$is also known by some as a ‘loose jacket’.
This is what would be known in U.K. as a ‘tangerine’.
5C6$&=D*&&<($*$J9K''/$&%2'F$59$/.,++=;%65&%/#$J9.,/$D=*/F6($K.%D.$%9$D=&=,1';$%)
various mixtures of green and orange, would be known in U.K. as an ‘orange’.
5D#6$*$&%2'$5'&,2*D.*2C*"*26$9''29$/=$C'$*$&%2'$'4'1<K.'1'($L=1/,)*/'&<#
Conversation.
A#$'))*F-$($,)$+*;'&'$4*"*-*"*2$%1,++,;.$7 Sir, do you have bananas (plantains)
B#$%1,++,;.,)0*($'))*$4*"*-*"*2$4&',27 I have, what bananas do you want?
!#$-*D.D.'$4*"*-*"*2$4&',2#$;*M*)$'))*$4%&'7
I want green bananas. How much are they a dozen.
"#$=1,$;*M*)$-*/./.,$1!C$#$,)0*%,++,$'4&*4,$4&',27
Ten Rupees a dozen. How many do you want?
3#$-*"*)0*$D.%))*;.$$%1,++,;.,($$)$$4%&'$E$9/.%<$$%1,++,;.,#
The fruits are small, but the price is high.
8#$*;.,$E$9/.%$4%&'$%&&')0*($')0'<,2$=1&$4%&';.$)#
The price is not high, everywhere’s the same price.
:#$1'';,$;*M*)$-*;.%)'//,++,$4$)0*&$2$7 Can I have two dozen for Rs 18 ?
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B@#$%);.*$-*"*)0*%'$9#+1*2$$9$--%;*',2# We should eat this fruit quickly.
BA#$<&)$*-;%$9=&1%)0*7 Why do you say that?
BB#$&)%))$$*;.,)0*$)$%*''*++%$%1,);.$($*",.%$-(%;,2#
Because by the day after tomorrow they will go bad. (decay).
B!#$,)0*%%;*2$4&1'))*$-*"*2$%1,++,;.,7 What other fruit do you have?
B"#$$1*)E,($9$/./.,+=;%($;.1$+9.'($*)$9%($2*2C*1*2($0=<<$($*--%&($'&&$2$%1,++,;.,#
Oranges, sweet limes, grapes, pineapples, mangoes, guavas, apples, everything!
B3#$+*1,--,$;.1$+9.'$+#&=$'))*$4%&'7 How much a kilo of black grapes?
A8#$=1,$+#&=$)$-*/./.,$1!C$$%1,++,2($$)$$,)0*%,++,$;.$)($2,--*/./.*)E,++,$+=;,+1&)#
One kilo is Rs 40, but to you only, I will give them for Rs 35.
A:#$2*&0(4$$2$2C*"*2$=1,$;*M*)$4&),2($'-;%$+=;,+1'7
I want a dozen Malgova mangoes, how do you sell them?
A>#$)$22,++,$%);.*$)$&*)0*$2*&0(4$$2$2C*1*2$4*1*&'($4%&'$1=2C*$E*9/.%$%1,++,2#
We are not getting Malgovas these days, the price is too high.
A?#$*;.,$<&)$*-;%$%1,++,;.,#$'))*$$D.D.,7 Why is that? What has happened.
B@#$%--=$*/.,$'&&$2$0,&-,++,$-=.*;.,#$2*2C*%<%&$$1,)!1,$1,C$$;*M*)$%1,++,2N
Now they are all going to the Gulf. In Mumbai the price is Rs 600 per dozen!
BB#$-*&$$-*"*2$,)0*%,++,$-%;%++$;.$7 Don’t you like jack fruit?
B!#$-*&$$-*"*2$)$)0*$9$--%;*4*;.,$%&&'# We don’t eat jack fruit.
B"#$*4%*4,;.$)($'&&$$-*"*2,2$%);.*$+!;'&'$-(//,$+*//%$/.*1*2,;%<,2$7
That’s all, can you put all the fruit in this basket and tie them up?
B3#$*-;%<&$9'%1&)#$'))%;*2$1=2C*$)*&&$$-*--$%%$-*"*)0*$%1,++,;.,)0*($4&',2$7
I will do that. I have very good papayas, do you want some?
B8#$%);.*$-*--$&%$1=2C*$-*",/./.,4%//*;.,($%;.,$4&'$2#
This papaya is overripe, I don’t want this one.
B:#$%;.(($%;.,$E$9/.%$-*",++$;.*$-*"*2#$O;.,$+=)E*2$+$<$$,1,++,;.,#
Here you are, this is not overripe, this a bit unripe (green).
B>#$9*1%#$-*",/./.,4%//*;.,$-*"*2$=1,$)$%,++F,%%'$*",.%$-(%;,2#
Okay. Overripe fruit will go bad (rotten ) within one day.
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Adi’s Book.
LESSON 59.
CONVERSATION WITH A GARDENER.
Vocabulary
4&);.*;.* unwanted +,--'P+!%*)0* weeds, rubbish
2,% thorn 4&&% fence
pasumpul thare lawn, grassy area 2,%P4&&% thorn hedge
vidhe seed vidhe (s.thth) sow, seed (v.)
4$;%--($5K#%)6 wither samappaduththu level (v.)
Conversation.
A#$4&&$($)&/./.,$9';%)0*%,++,$/.*''%$!/./.')'<$7
Vela, did you water the plants yesterday?
B#$%&&')0*($&)%))$$)&/./.,$2*1'$-'%;.*;.,# No sir, because it rained yesterday.
!#$%);.*$9';%++,$E$9/.%$/.*''%$!/./.$;.'# Don’t water this plant too much.
"#$9*1%)0*($%/.,++,$E$9/.%$!/./.*2$//&)# Alright sir, I won’t water it too much.
3#$/.(//*/.&'$4&';$;.*$+,--'P+!%')0*$%1,++,;.,#$$2,;.*&&'$*;.'$';,++*&$2$7
There are unwanted weeds in the garden. May I clear them first.
8#$$2$($2,;.*&&'$*;.'&&$2$';,/./.,-=;,($*-1*2$9,;.;.*2$9'%#
Yes, clear them first, then clean up.
:#$%);.*$9';%$&)$4$;%-()*;.,7$54$;%-(D.D.,76# Why has this plant withered away?
>#$&)%))$$%;.,++,$-(;.,2$)*$'1,$%&&'#$ Because not enough manure has been put on
?#$)*&&$$'1,$-(//$$9';%$)*&&*$4*%*1,2#$ Properly manured the plant will grow well.
A@#-*--$&%$2*1*/./.,++,$+%"'$4%;.'$4%;.'++$;.'# Do not sow under the papaya tree.
AA#$%&&')0*($)$)$*)0'$4%;.'++*2$//&)# No sir, I will not sow seeds there.
AB#$$;,P2$;,$4*1$2'$-$1/./.,++(# See that the cattle do not come here.
A!#$4&&%$-(//$($$;,P2$;,)0*$4*1$;.,)0*# If we put a fence cattle will not come.
A"#$/.(//*/./.'$9,/./.%$2,%$4&&%$-(;*',2$7 Should we hedge the garden with thorn?
A3#$$2$$*-;%$;.$)$9'%<*',2($*--=;.$)$$;,P2$//,)0*$,%%'$4*1*2,;%<$;.,#
Yes, that’s it, then the cattle can’t get inside.
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Adi’s Book.
A8#$%)0'1,);.,$1'';,$-*++*2,2$+*&$)*//,$)*;*++*$4*"%$9'%#
Make a path from here by fixing stones on both sides.
A:#$%)0'$1=2C*$9&1$$%1,++,;.,($9%&*$2*'*&$%)0'$+=';,4*);.,$-(;,#
It is very muddy here, bring some gravel and throw it here.
A>#$4$"*$2*1*2$');.*$%;*/.&'$)*;*',27 Where should we plant the banana tree?
A?#$-!P9';%++,$+%//*$4*"*2*1*2$)*;,)0*# Plant the banana tree near the flowers.
B@#$%);.*$%;*/.&'$2*'$-(//,$)%&*/./.'$9*2*--*;*/./.,#
Put earth (dry mud) here and level up the ground.
BB#$*)0'$-*9,2P-,&$/.*1'$/.*<$1$9'%<*',2# Prepare the ground there for a lawn.
B!#$%;.,$<$1$$;,7$)*2$/.(//*/./.,$9';%)0*%'$/.%))*;.,#
Whose goat is this? It eats our garden plants.
B"#$*);.*$$//'$+*//%$-(;*$9=&&,# Tell them to keep the goat tied.
B3#$<&$/.*2C%($%)%2&&'$%)0'$4*);.,$-,$-$1%++*+!;$;.,#
You, youngster, from now on don’t come here to pluck flowers.
B8#$9*1%)0*($'))'$2*))%D.D.,++()0*#$*;.'$/.%1,2C*$9'%<*2$//&)#
Alright sir, please forgive me, I won’t do it again.
B:#$%);.*$/.(//*/.&'$E$9/.%$4&&'$%&&'#$,)*++,$'4%*4,$9*2C*%*2$4&',27
There is not much work in this garden. How much salary do you want?
B>#$*%<$($2$9*2$*%)!1,$1!C$$+=;,/./.$$4&&'$9'%4&)#
Sir, if you pay me five hundred Rupees a month I will work.
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Adi’s Book.
LESSON 60.
CONVERSATION WITH A DHOBI.
Vocabulary
vilasam address 2,)$-*'*2 advance
*;.,++,$/.*.,);.$$-(&* accordingly =",)0$ regularly
salave wash (n.) salave sei (w.dh) wash
=/./.,+=%$5K#);.6 agree tholai (s.thth) lose (v.)
Conversation.
A#$)#$<$1$4#/&'$/.,'%)0*$4'%,+1'759*&*4'$9'%1'6 Whose clothes do you wash?
B#$,)0*$9)&.%;.*1$4#/&'$*",++,$';,+1&)# I am taking washing for your friend.
!#$2$9*/.&'$'/./.*)'$9*&*4'$+=);,4*1*4'7 In a month how many washes do you do?
"#$2$9*/.&'$)$&,$9*&*4'$+=);,4*1*4&)#$ In a month I will give four washes.
3#$9*1%($)!1,$/.,'%++,$'4&*4,$+&+1'7 Okay, how much do you ask for 100 clothes?
8#$)!/./.,++,$2!)!1,$1!C$$4$)01&)# I charge Rs 300 per 100 pieces.
:#$9*1%F-*($*;,/./.*$4$1*/./.%&%1,);.,$4*1*&$2# Alright, you can come from next week.
>#$9*1%)0*($*;,/./.*$4$1*2$+*//$<*2$4$1&)# Yes, I will definitely come next week.
?#$')0*$4%//,$4%&$9*2$,)*++,$/.'1%<,2$7 Do you know our house address?
A@#$/.'1%<,2($*;.'$2,);.%<&$/.'1%<,2# I know, I knew it before.
AA#$)$)$,)*++,$=1,$4%9.*<*2$9=&&*',2# I must tell you one thing.
AB#$)#$')0*%%;*2$2,)$-*'*2$+&++*+!;$;.,# You should not ask advance from us.
A!#$%))='',($')0*%,++,$2$9*2;.(1,2$=1,)0$$)$&,$9*&*4'$4&',2#
Another thing, we want the wash regularly four times a month.
A"#$%;.'$1=2C*$4%&'$,<*1);.*$/.,)%#$E$01';.&<$$9*&*4'$9'%<*',2#$*-;%$9'%4'<$7
This is very high cost material. you should wash it carefully. Will you do so?
A3#$9*1%)0*($*;.'$E$01';.&<$$9*&*4'$9'%4&)# Yes madam, I will wash it carefully.
A8#$*);.*$/.,'%++,$+*)E%$-(;$;.'# Don’t put starch in that cloth.
A:#$%&&')0*($*;.,++,$+*)E%$-(;*2$//&)# No madam, I will not put starch in it.
A>#$/.,)%)0*%'$+*&$2&&'$C*&*2$$*;%++*+!;$;.,#
Don’t beat the clothes hard on the stone
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Adi’s Book.
A?#$,;,--'&&$2$1=2C*$C*;.1*2$$9*&*4'$9'%<*',2#
You should wash the clothing very carefully.
B@#$/.,)%)0*$+%"%<$2'$-$1/./..,+=&&*',2# See that the clothes are not torn.
BA#$/.,'%)0*$/.=&*%++*+!;$;.,# You should not lose the clothes.
BB#$O);.*$/.,'%&'$*"*+,$9*1%<$$-(.*&'#$$*;.,$9*1%<$$9,;.;.*2$%&&'#
The dirt has not gone from this clothing. That is not cleaned properly.
B!#$9*&*4'$/.1,-/%<$$%&&$4%//$($*;.,++,$/.*.,);.$-(&*$-*'*2$+=;,--&)#
If the wash is not satisfactory, I will pay you accordingly.
B"#$*-;%<&$9'%)0*22$($$)$$)$)$)*&&$$9*&*4'$9'%4&)#
Please do, but I will do the wash properly.
B3#$%;.'&&$2$=/./.,++=);$($)#$*;,/./.*$4$1*2$4*1*&$2#$'))*$9=&1'7
If you agree to all this you may come next week. What do you say?
B8#$9*1%)0*22$($'&&$2$,)0*$%9./*--*;%<&$9'%4&)#
Alright madam, I will do everything just as you wish.
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Adi’s Book.
LESSON 61.
CONVERSATION ABOUT FOOD.
Vocabulary
+*;*&*++$% peanut, groundnut +*/./.*1%++$% brinjal
/.*++$&% tomato -!9*'%++$% pumpkin
+,12$ meat curry +#1*++$% cucumber
+,"*2C, vegetable curry /.&)0$% coconut
poriyal fried veg or meat +=;.%/./.*$/.*''% boiled water
rasam pepper water +=;.%++*$4*%/./.*$/.*''% boiled water
masiyal mashed veg, cereal veththale betel leaf
+*%2$$4*;*% cutlet -$++, betel nut
9*%4*$9$--$;, vegetarian food 4*1,/./.*$2#) fried fish
+$1*2$ hot (pepper, spices) 2%&%/*1%$9$--$;, non-veg food
/.$<%1 curds 9!;$ hot, (temp)
paruppu dhal 2(1 buttermilk
*%*4(;, measure E(1$ excellent
)*2*/.,$-( become soft ;.%//*2$ proper
$1%--( become cold vikkal hiccups
2=1*$2=1*'', crisp kuchchappadu be shy, bashful
,1,%*%++%"*)0, potato +!//, curry
Conversation.
A#$4#/&'$9*2*<*&,++,$4&);%<*$'&&$$9$2$),2$%1,++,;.$7
Do you have in the house all the things needed for cooking?
B#$$2$)0*22$($'&&$2$9$2$),2$%1,++,;.,# Yes yes madam, we have everything.
!#$%''*++%$'))*$9*2*<*&$9'%;.%)0*7 What did you cook today?
"#$%''*++%$+*/./.*1%++$%$9$2C$1($,1,%*%++%"*)0,$-=1%<*&#
Today, brinjal curry and fried potatoes.
3#$+#1*++*%$-*D.D.*;%$&)$9'%<*&'7 Why didn’t you make cucumber pachadi?
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Adi’s Book.
8#$%''*+%$)&1*2%&&'22$($)$%*++%$+*//$<*2$9'%1&)#
There wasn’t time today maam, I will certainly make it tomorrow.
:#$$)$$%--=$+*;*&*++$%$D.*/)%$9'%;.%1,+1&)# But I have made peanut chutney.
>#$2%%*.,$1*9*2$+!;*$%1,++,;.$7 Do we have pepper water also?
?#$%&&')0*$($%''*++%$/.*++$%%$1*9*2;.$)$%1,++,;.,#
No maam, we have only tomato rasam today.
A@#$D.*--$/./.%<,2$-*1,--,$2*9%<*&,2$1=2C*$E(1$$%1,++,;.,#
The chappatties and dhal curry are excellent.
AA#$9*);.(9.*2,)0*($%)),2$D.*--$/./.%$4&',2$7
I am glad maam, do you want more chappatties?
AB#$%&&'#$')*++,$/.*<%1;.$)$1=2C*$-%;%++,2($2(1$4&'$2#
I very much like curds, I don’t want buttermilk.
A!#$9%&*$-=1%/./.*$*--*%*2$+=);,4$# Bring some fried appalums.
A"#$*--*%*2$&)$)*2*/./.,$-(D.D.,($2=1*P2=1*'',$%1,++*$4&'$2$7
Why have the appalams become soft, shoudn’t they be crisp?
A3#$')0*%,++,$'--=4,2$+=;.%++*4*%/./.*$/.*''%;.$)$+=;,++*',2#
You should only give us boiled water.
A8#$O)),2$+=)E*2$9$;.*2$4&',2($9#+1*2$+=);,4$)0*#
I want some more rice, bring it quickly.
A:#$%;.,$$1%-(D.D.,($9!;$$%1,++*',2# This is cold, it should be hot.
A>#$1*9*2$1=2C*$+$1*2$$%1,++,;.,# The pepper water is very hot.
A?#$9*1%)0*22*($)$%*%&%1,);.,$+$1*2$;.%//*2$$-(;1')#
Alright ‘ma, from tomorrow I will put the proper ‘karam’.
B@#$+,"*2C,$'-;%$%1,++,;.,7 How is the curry?
BA#$+,"*2C,$+=)E*2$-,%%--$$%1,++,;.,# The curry is a bit sour.
BB#$4#/&'$-(;.,2$)*$1=//%$%1,++,;.$7 Do you have enough bread here?
B!#$%&&')0*($1=//%$$%-(D.D.,($)$%*++%$4$)0*',2#
No, the bread is finished, we must buy some tomorrow.
214
Adi’s Book.
B"#$4$)0*($4$)0*($,++*1,)0*#$9$--%//%)0*%$# Come in , sit down, have you eaten?
B3#$+,"*);.'++,$=1,$+=--'$-$&$+=;,# Give a cup of milk to the child.
B8#$,)0*%,++,$'))*$4&',2($+&//,$9$--%;,)0*#
Whatever you want to eat just ask.
B:#$)$2$4#/&'$)#)0*$+!D.D.*--*;*+!;$;.,# Don’t feel shy in our house.
B>#$')*++,$+!D.D.*2$%&&'($')*++,$4&';%<*;.,$9$--%;1&)#
I don’t feel shy, I will eat whatever I want.
B?#$G)0*%,++,$2%&%/*1%$9$--$;,4$$9*%4*$9$--$;,4$$4&),27
Do you want non-veg. or vegetarian food?
B>#$')*++,$1'';,2$-%;%++,2#$%);.*$4*1,/./.*$2#)$1=2C*$1,9%<$$%1,++,;.,#
I like both. This fried fish is very tasty.
B?#$%;.,$$//,+$1%$+*%2$$4*;'<$7 Are these mutton cutlets?
!@#$%''*+%$+("%P+*1%$+,12$$+!;*$+%;*%++,2# Today you will get chicken kurma also.
!A#$+*1%$9!--,$+=)E*2$,--$$%1,++,;.,# The meat soup is rather salty.
!B#$9$--$;,$+$1*2$$%1,);.$$')*++,$4%++*&$4*1,2#
If the food is spicy hot, I will get hiccups.
!!#$*;.,$-*1,--,P/.&)0*$/.,4*%<*&($%;.,$-!9*'%++$%$-*1,--,$+!//,#
That is dhal coconut chutney, this is pumpkin dhal curry.
!"#$-*--$&%$-*"*2$/.,);,$/.,);$$*1,/./.,$%)0'$+=);,4$)0*#
Cut the papaya into pieces and bring them here.
!3#$/.*2%")$/&'$9%&*$E*))*)0*$9$--$//,++,$*-1*2$4'/.*&'P-$++,$-(//,+=%4$)0*($4&',2$7
In Tamil Nadu some people take betel nut and leaf after meals, want some?
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215
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 62.
CONVERSATION AT A RAILWAY STATION.
Vocabulary
)#1$4%$-*.*;, steam boat pahadu boat, (rowing)
$.$<*$4%2$)*2 aeroplane kappal ship
9$2$)($-'//%$-*;,+' luggage thangu stay, halt
';'$-(;,2%;*2 luggage office thangumidam waiting room
';'$-$1++,2%;*2 luggage office ';'$-(;,($';'$-$1 weigh
9*9#;, receipt sellum validity
anumadhi permission /.*&&%+( move up
anumadhi (s.thth) permit (v.) )*.*);.,++( move up
vasadhi, sowharyam comfort, convenience nirandhu full
1*%&$4*';% train )&1$4*);% through train
-1*<$'% traveller 9,/./.,P-1*<$',2 tour (n.)
-1*<$',2$9'%$5K#;.6 travel -1*<$',2 travel(n.)
Conversation.
A#$)O)0*$');.*$!1,++,$-(1%)0*7 To which place are you going?
B#$)$)$;'&&%++,$-(1&)# I am going to Delhi.
!#$%)0'1,);.,$;'&&%++,$-(.*$'4%*4,$)&1*2$-%;%++,;.,7
How long does it take to go to Delhi from here?
"#$;'&&%++,$-(.*$2,--*/./.$1,$2*'%$)&1*2$-%;%++,;.,#
It takes 36 hours to go to Delhi.
3#$;'&&%&'$')0'$/.*)0*$-(1%)0*7 Where are you going to stay in Delhi?
8#$)$)$;'&&%&'$=1,$9)&.%;.*1$4#/&'$/.*)0*$-=1&)#
I am going to stay at afriend’s house in Delhi.
:#$J=)$&*%)$/%+'/F$4$)0%$%D.D.$7 Did you get an on-line ticket?
>#$%&&'($/%+'/$+=;,++,2%;*2$')0'F-$ No, where is the booking office please.
?#$/%+'/$$-#9$*;.($%1,++,;.,# The ticket office is there, look.
A@#$,)0*%,++,$'))*$/%+'/$4&',27 What ticket do you want?
216
Adi’s Book.
AA#$')*++,$1'';$4*;.,$4*.,--,$9&#--*1$4&',2# I want a second class sleeper.
12. adhu sila samayam niraindhu irukkum. That may possibly be full.
A!#$*--=$)$)$2,;.*&$4*.*--,&'$-(.*',2# Then I’ll have to go first class.
A"#$%);.*$/%+'/$1'';,$)$%,++,;.$)$9'&&,2# This ticket is only valid for two days
A3#$%--=$)$)0*$*4%*4,$9$2$)$';,/.,-(.*2$//(2($*;.*)$&'$%;.,$9,&*C*2$$%1,++,;.,#
Now we do not take all that much luggage, so it is is easy.
A8#$*);.*$)&1*/.&'$)$)0*$';'$-(//*$+=;,++*',2($%)),2$-*'*2$%1,++,2($+*9./*2$)*;.,#
In those days we had to get it weighed, give more money; troublesome!
A:#$$2$($J=1,$/.*&'++,$2,--*/./.,$-*4,);$;.$)$+=);,-(.*&$2F$%)),$9=))*)0*#
Yes, ‘you can take only thirty pounds per head’ they said.
18. vandi eppo purappadum? When will the train start?
A?#$)&1*2$$D.D.,($9#+1*2$&1,)0*# It is time, climb in quickly.
B@#$%;.,$'))*$C(0%($%)0'$%;*2$%&&'# What carriage is this, there is no room.
BA#$%;.,$9/.1%)0*$&1,2$4*);%($)$)0*$*;,/./.*$4*);%$2,&*2$$)*;*++*',2#
This is a ladies carriage, we have to walk through the next carriage.
BB#$%;.,$;'&&%++,$)&1$5)&1*$-(.,26$4*);%<$7 Is this a through train to Delhi?
B!#$$2$#$%);.*$4*);%+!;*$)%1*%;.,$-()*;.,#$+=)E*2$/.*&&%+()0*$5)*.*);.,+()0*6#
Yes. This carriage is full too. Please move up a bit. (please adjust!).
B"#$')$4*);%$/.*4*1%$-(D.D.,#$)$)$')0'<$4*;.,$4*"%&'$4*);%$2$/./.*',2$7
I missed my train. Do I need to change trains on the way?
B3#$$2$($)#)0*$)*0-!1&'$2$/.*',2#$ Yes, you must change at Nagpur.
B8#$4*);%$%)0'$'4%*4,$)&1*2$)%++,;.,7$O)0'$-*/./.,$)%2%9.*2$)%++,2#
How long will the train stop here? Here it will stop for ten minutes.
B:#$+!&%<(($%;.'&&$2$+=);,-(.*$'4%*4,$+&+1'7$$O1,C*;.,$1!C$$+=;,)0*#
Coolie, to take all these how much do you ask? Give me twenty rupees.
B>#$%);.*$!1&'$-$1++*$/.*.,);.*$%;*)0*$'))'))*$%1,++,;.,7
What are the places worth seeing in this town?
B?#$)$)$,)0*%,++,$*);.*$%;*2'&&$2$9,/./.%$+$//,4&)#
I will take you round and show you all these places.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
217
Adi’s Book.
STORY No 1.
Q)RSGT$UVH$TGRRWXGT#
pon gold -&1$9' greed
nashtam loss peru big , great
<(9*)' idea /.()%)*;., occurred
mutte vai (s.thth) lay egg 4%-*1#;.* perverse, strange
mutte idu (w.tt) lay egg =1&$=1, only one
9=&&*$2,;%<$;.,$9*);.(9.*2 unspeakable joy, (limitless)
=1,$,1&'$=1,$+,;%<$)*4*)$%1,);.$)#$$*4*)$1=2C*$&1'#$$*4*)%;*2$+=)E*2;.$)$-*'*2
%1,);.*;.,#$ $ *4*)$ *);.*$ -*'*/./.'+=);,$ =1,$ 4$/./.,$ 4$)0%)$)#$ $ *);.*$ 4$/./.,$ ;.%)*)P
;.(1,2$ =1,$ -=)$ 2,//'$ %//,$ 4*);.*;.,#$ $ +,;%<$)*4*),++,$ 9=&&*2,;%<$;.,$ 9*);.(9.*2#
*4*)$-=)$2,//')0*%'$4%/./.,$-*'*++$1*)$$)$)#
=1,$)$%$=1,$4%-*1#;.*$<(9*)'$/.()%)*;.,#$$Y%);.*$4$/./.,$)$&;.(1,2$=1,$-=)$2,//'
4*%++,;.,#$ $ $)$$ *;.*)$ 4*<%/./.,++,$ ,%%'$ *)&.*$ -=)$ 2,//')0*$ %1,++,2#$ $ *;.'$ '&&$2$ =1&
)$%%'$';,/./.,+=);$$%)),2$-'1%<*$-*'*++$1*)$$%4%;*&$2Z$%)),$)%)'/./.$)#
*4*)$ -&1$9'<$&'$ =1,$ +*/./.%<'$ +=);,4*);.,$ *;.*)$ 4*<%/./.'$ +%"%/./.,$ -$1/./.$)#
$)$$4$/./.,$4*<%/./.,++,%%'$=1&$=1,$ -=)$ 2,//';.$)$ %1,);.*;.,#$ $ +,;%<$)*4*),++,$ *--=
9=&&*2,;%<$;.,$ 4%9*)*2#$ $ &)%))$$ -=)$ 2,//'$ -()*;.,2$ %&&$2'$ -=)$ 2,//'$ %//,+=);,
%1,);.*$4$/./.,2$-=%4%//*;.,#$$'))*$9'%<*&$27$$-&1$9'$-'1,$)*9./*2$/.*1,2#
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218
Adi’s Book.
STORY No 2.
U[*[\\)][HGT$H[T^O\\[O$G++[$H[XGT#
2,)$=1,$+$&*/.&' once upon a time -(.*$4&);.%$%1,);.*;., had to go
%%*%--$1,$5K#%)6 rest (v.) $&*$2*1*2 banyan tree
(<$2' without stopping )<$C*.*2 memory
suttu vittu having shot /.,--$++% gun
$/./.%1*2 hasty temper ;.%;#1), sudden
+$1*'*2 cause, reason )<$C*/./.,++,$4$ remember
-$4*2 poor thing )*2C%++*%$,%%* faithful
pirahu then, afterwards +$1%<,2 deed
mattu less, limited seththu kidandhadhu lay dead
enbadhe* the thing which *Neuter participial noun, used as conjunction
2,)$ =1,$ +$&*/.&'$ =1,$ -*'*++$1*)$ %1,);.$)#$ $ $ *4*),++,$ =1,$ *"*.$)*$ )$<,2$ )*&&*
+,;.%1'$ ='',2$ %1,);.*;.,#$ $ $ *4*)$ /.*)$ )$<'$ +!//%++=);,$ +,;.%1'2&&'$ &1%++=);,$ *);.*
!1,++,$-,1*--*//$)#
*''*+%$ 1=2C*$ 4'<<%&$ *;%/./.,$ +=);%1,);.*;.,#$ $ $ 4'<%&&'$ 1=2C*$ ;.!1*2$ -1*<$',2
9'%;.*-*;%<$&'$ *4*),++,$ 1=2C*$ +*&'--$$ %1,);.*;.,#$ $ $ 4*"%&'$ =1,$ +,%*2$ %1,);.*;.,#
*);.*$ +,%*++*1'2&&'$ %1,);.*$ =1,$ $&*2*1*/./.,++,$ +#"'$ ,++$1);.,$ %%*%--$1%)$)#$ $ -%1*.,
+,;.%1'2&&'$ &1%$ 2*1,-*;%<,2$ -,1*--*//,-(;.,$ *4*)$ )$%$ *4*)'$ -$1/./.,$ +,&*%/./.*;.,#
)$%$ (<$2'$ +%&*%++$4'$ 5+,&*%/./.*;.$&'6$ *4*),++,$ 1=2C*$ +(C*2$ 4*);.*;.,#$ $ *4*)
$/./.%1*/./.$&'$)$<'$/.*)$/.,--$++%<$&'$9,//,4%//,$*)0%1,);.,$-(%4%//$)#
1=2C*$;.!1*2$-()*$-%)$*4*),++,$/.*)$-*'*--*%<'$2*1*/./.,++,$+#"'$4%//,4%//*;.,
;.%;#1),$ )<$C*/./.,++,$ 4*);.*;.,#$ $ $ $ )$%$ +,&*%/./.*$ +$1*'*2$ %--=;.$)$ *4*),++,
4%%*)0%)*;.,#$ $ ,;*)&$ 1=2C*$ 4&.*2$$ +,%*++*1'++,$ /.%1,2C*$ 4*);.$)#$ $ *4*)$ *)0'
-$1/./.*;.,$'))*N$$-$4*2($)*2C%++*%$,%%*$)$%$*4*)$-*'*--*%$2&&'<&$9'/.,$+%;*);.*;.,#
/.$)$C,;.%$%&&$2'$9'%;.*$+$1%<*/./.,++$.$$1=2C*$4%9*)*--*//$)#
*'*%$ +*;*);.*$ 4'%%*2$ *",;.$%,2$ 4*1,2$7$ $ $/./.%1*++$1*),++,$ C,;.;.%$ 2*//,
')C*;.'$*--=;.$)$/.'1%);.,+=);$)#
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219
Adi’s Book.
STORY No 3.
RSVUUO$QX)^)]OXGT$\G][H_[+GT#
thoppi cap, hat )%"*& shade
,1$,1$ place to place 4%"%/./.,++=%$5K#);6 wake up
+!D.D.*& shout, yell (n.) +!D.D.*&$-(;, shout, yell (v.)
<(9*)'$9'% ponder, think about 9&1/./., having collected
*)&.*$ 4*1,9.*)0*%,++,$ 2,))$&'$ =1,$ 4<$C$1%$ %1,);.$)#$ $ *4*)$ ,1$ ,1$$ -(%$ /.=--%
4<$C$1*2$ 9'%;.,$ 4*);.$)#$ $ =1,$ )$&$ *4*)$ /.=--%)0*%'$ 4%++,2C*;%$ =1,$ !1,++,$ -(%
+=);%1,);.$)#$$4'<<%&$1=2C*$E$9/.%<$$%1,);.*;.,#$$*;.*)$&'$*4*)$9$&'$(1*2$$%1,);.*$=1,
2*1*/./.,$ )%"*&&'$ ,++$1);.$)#$ $ *4*),++,$ 1=2C*$ +*&'--$$ %1,);.*;.$&'$ /.=--%2!//'$ 2&&'
/.*&'$4*%/./.,++=);,$9#+1*2$$/.!)0%4%//$)#
*);.*$2*1*/.&'$*)&.*$+,1*)0,)0*$%1,);.*;.,#$$*;.,)0*$+#"'$/.=--%$2!//'<'$-$1/.P
/.*4,;*)'($ =1,$ +,1*)0,$ 9$--$//,P2!//'$ %)),$ )%)'/./.,$ %1*)0%$ 4*);.,($ *);.*$ 2!//'<'
*4%"/./.,$-$1/./.*;.,#$$$)$$*;.,&'$9$--$;,$%&&'($/.=--%)0*;.$)$%1,);.*;.,#$$*;.,$,;*)'
/.,)0%P+=);%1,);.*$ 4<$C$1%$ /.*&'$ 2&&'$ =1,$ /.=--%<'$ -*1/./.*;.,#$ $ *;.,$ 2!//'<%&%1,);.,
=1,$ /.=--%<'$ ';,/./.,$ /.$),2$ /.*)$ /.*&'$ 2&&'$ *;.'$ -(//,+=);.*;.,#$ $ %;.'$ -$1/./.*
2*/./.*$ +,1*)0,)0*%,2$ +%"'$ 4*);.,$ *-;%<&$ 9'%;.*;.,#$ $ *;.,++,$ *-1*2$ '&&$
+,1*)0,)0*%,2$ 2*1*/./.,2&&'$ &1%++=);,$ 9*);.(9.*2$$ +!D.D.*&$ -(;*$ $1*2C%/./.P
*;.,)0*#$$*;.,)0*$-(//*$9*;.;.*/./.'$+&//,$4<$C$1%$4%"%/./.,++=);$)#
*--=$ *4*)$ 2&&'$ -$1/./.*--(;.,$ =44=1,$ +,1*)0,++,2$ /.*&'$ 2&&'$ =1,$ /.=--%
%1,);.*;.,#$ $ %--=$ *4*)$ 2!//'&'$ 1'';,$ /.=--%)0*$ 2$/.1,2$ %1,);.*;.,#$ $ *;.,)0*%%;*2P
%1,);.,$ '-;%<$4*;.,$ /.=--%)0*&'$ 4$)0*$ 4&',2$ %)),$ +=)E*$ )&1*2$ <(9*)'$ 9'%;.$)#$ $ 9%&*
nimishangalukku apram avan than thaleyilirundha thoppiye eduththu kurangunga
-$1++,2C*;%$ +%"'$ -=//$)#$ $ %;.'$ -*1/./.*$ +,1*)0*%,++,$ +(C*2$ 4*);.*;.,#$ $ *;.,)0*&,2
*-;%<&$/.*)0*$/.*&'$2&&%1,);.*$/.=--%<'$';,/./.*$+#"'$-(//*;.,)0*#
4<$C$1%++,$ 1=2C*$ 9*);.(9.*2$ $ $ ,;*)'$ *4*)$ 1=2C*$ 9#+1*2$$ '&&$$ /.=--%)0*%,2
9&1/./.,($2,//'<$$+*//%++=);,($*)0%1,);.,$4&.*2$$(;%-(%4%//$)#
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220
Adi’s Book.
STORY No 4.
VRSRSGTW`S)H$^[a[T#
singam lion )(++% towards
oththume unity balam strength
&;.( some +$1*)*2 reason, cause
&1-$;,$5K#//6 occur =/./.,2'<$$%1, be united
-$%$5K#);.6 leap muyarchchi sei try
9)&.*2$$%1, be friendly +=",/./.,$%1, well developed, fat
=1,$+$//,++,$+%//*$=1,$!1$%1,);.*;.,#$$*);.*$!1&'$)*&,$2$;,)0*$%1,);.*;.,#$$)$&,
2*;,2$ 1=2C*$ 9)&.%;*2$$ %1,);.*;.,#$ $ -,&$ 2&<*$ -()$&,2$ 9*1%$ *&&*;.,$ /.*''%$ +,;%++*
-()$),2$9*1%$)$&,2$=''$$-(.,2$(''$$4*1,2#$$+$//,++,$-*+*/.&'$-,&$4*%*1);.,$%1,);.*P
-*;%<$&'$ )$&,$ 2$;,2$ /.1,-/%<$$ -,&$ /.%)),$ +=",/./.,$ %1,);.*;.,)0*#$ $ *;.&$ +$//%&'$ =1,
9%)0*2,2$%1,);.*;.,#$$9%)0*2$%);.*$+*",/./.*$2$;,)0*%'$-$1/./.*;.%&%1,);.,$*;.,)0*%'
'-;%<$4*;.,$*;%/.,$+='',$/.%))*',2$%)),$)%)'/./.,++=);.*;.,#
=1,$)$%$*);.*$9%)0*2$-,&$2&%);.,$+=);%1,);.*$=1,$2$//,$2&&'$-$%);.*;.,#$$%;.'
-$1/./.*$ 2*/./.*$ 2!),$ 2*;,)0*%,2$ 9%)0*/./.'$ )(++%$ -$%);.*;.,#$ $ $ 9%)0*2$ )$&,
2*;,)0*%,++,2$ )%++*$ 2,;%<$2'$ (;%-(%4%//*;.,#$ $ $ 9%)0*2$ %;.'-(&*$ -*&*$ ;.*;*4'
2$;,)0*%'$ *;%/./.,$ 2,<*1D.D.%$ 9'%;.*;.,#$ $ $)$$ )$&,$ 2$;,)0*%,2$ 1=2C*$ =/.,2'<$
%1,);.*-*;%<$&'$9%)0*/./.$&'$='',2$9'%<*2,;%<*&'#$$%-;%$+=)E*$+$&*2$$)*;.,#
=1,$9*2*<*2$';.($=1,$+$1*'*/./.$&'$)$&,$2$;,)0*%,++,2$4%1(;.*2$&1-*//*;.,#
4%1(;.*/./.$&'$=1,$)$%$)$&,$2$;,2$=''*$%&&$2'$/.*)P/.*)%<$$;.!1*$;.!1*2$$-,&$2&<*
/.=;*)0%)*;.,)0*#$$%;.'$-$1/./.*4,;*)'$9%)0*2$1=2C*$9*);.(9.*--*//*;.,#$$*;.,
2$;,)0*%'$=4=''*$*;%/.,$/.1,-/%<$$/.%))*;.,#$$=/./.,2'$%1,);.,$%1,);.$$9%)0*2
2$;,)0*%'$+='',$%1,++*2,;%<,2$7$$=/./.,2';.$)$C*&*2#
221
Adi’s Book.
STORY No 5.
RS[OX[a\)][HGT$X)HWXGT#
<$)' elephant thumbikkai trunk
4&;%++'($/.*2$9. fun 4&;%++'<$)* funny
'''*2 thought, idea +';,4$) one who perishes
/.')0$% coconut /.('%)*;., idea struck
!9% needle +,/./.%+=%$5K#);65%)/16 stick in, stab, pierce
9$++*;' gutter -=1,++*$2,;%<$;.* unbearable
urinju (w.in) suck -(4*;.,$4*"*++,2 usually went
+&;, evil, ill 1=2C*$,'2' very true
=1,$-*//*'*/.&'$=1,$/.*<*&+*1*)$%1,);.$)#$$*);.*$/.*<*&$+*;'$%1,);.*$/.'1,$4*"%<*
=1,$<$)'$;.%)*);.(1,2$+,%%++*$$/./.,++,$-(4*;.,$4*"*++*2#$$4*"*++*2-(&*$=1,$;.%)*2
*);.*$<$)'$*;.&$/.'1,$4*"%<$$4*);.,$+=);%1,);.*;.,#$%;.'$-$1/./.*$/.*%<*&+$1*),++,$=1,
4&;%++'<$)*$'''*2$/.()%)*;.,#$$<$)'$/.*)$+*;'++,$2,))$&'$4*);.*;.,2$=1,$/.&)0$%++,
,%%'$=1,$!9%<'$4*%/./.,$*);.*$<$)'$/.%))*$+=;,/./.$)#$$<$)'$/.&)0$<'$/.%)),2C(;.,$!9%
*;.*)$4*%++,$,%%'$+,/./.%++=);.*;.,#$$<$)'++,$-=1,++*$2,;%<$;.,$4*&%$';,/./.*;.,#
$)$$*;.,$*)0%1%);.,$9,22$$-(%4%//*;.,#$$%;.'$-$1++*$/.*%<*&+$1*),++,$1=2C*$/.*2$9.$
irundhadhu.
<$)'$$/./.%&'$4*"*++,2-(&*$+,%%/./.,4%//,$9,2$1$1'';,$2*'%$)&1*/./.,++,$*-1*2
*;.&$/.'1,$4*"%<$$4*);.,$*;.&$/.*<*&+$1*)$+*;'++,$2,))$&'$)%))*;.,#$$+*;'++,$+%//*
%1,);.*$*",++,$9$++*;'$/.*''%<'$/.*)$/.,2C%++*%<$&'$,1%)E%$/.*%<*&+$1*)$2,.*/./.,$2&&'
*;%/./.*;.,#$$/.*%<*&+$1*)$*)0'$)%++*$2,;%<$2'$+*;'<'$4%//,4%//,$(;%-(%4%//$)#
=1,$+'//*$2*),9.*);.$)$%))=1,$2*),9.*1,++,$+&;,$)%)'--$)#$$+';,4$)$+&;,
)%)'--$)$')C*;.,$1=2C*$,'2'($%&&'<$7
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222
Adi’s Book.
STORY No 6.
Vb[OX)]$XWHHGT$UGa[Q[]#
yennum so named, called pulavar poet, poetess
)!& classic, thread arasar king, kings
2*1%<$;.' respect kadume severity
)$4*&$2*1*2 jamoon plum tree, )$4*&$-*"*2 jamoon plum
9,;$;.* not hot sutta hot
*1%4$&% wise person 2*1*$+%%' tree branch
2&&'$9=))* above mentioned $.*%<$&' therefore
C*&*2$ with great strength /.'1%<$;.*;., the not knowing
-$//% grandmother /.'1%<$2'$-()*;., the not knowing
kurumbu mischief, naughtiness vekkam shame
=//%+=%$5K#;.65%)/16 stick, adhere vekkappadu (w.tt) feel ashamed
pariththu pluck !;.,5K#%)6 blow
+&//,+=% request /.%1/./.,+=%5K#);65%)/16 quench ones thirst
*)&.*$4*1,9.*)0*%,++,$2,))$&'($/.*2%"$)$/&'$=1,$-''$-,&*4*1$%1,);.$1#
*);.*22$$-&1$=K*%<$1#$$%4*1$-*&*$)*&&*$/.*2#1$)!&,)0*%'$'",;.%$%1,+1$1#$$*);.*$+$&*/.&'
%1,);.*$*1*9*1,2$E*)*)0*%,2($'&&$1,2$*4*1'$1=2C*$2*1%<$;.'<(;,$)*;*/./.%)$)0*#
=K*%<$1$=1,$)$%$=1,$!1,++,$-(%+=);%1,);.$1#$$4'<<%&$1=2C*$+*;,2'<$$%1,);.*;.,#
*4*1,++,$ 1=2C*$ ;.$.*2$4,2$ -*9%<$4,2$ %1,);.*;.,#$ $ *;.*)$&'$ *4*1$ +*%'--$$ %1,);.$1#
4*"%&'$=1,$)$4*&$2*1*2$%1,);.*;.,#$$*);.*$2*1*/.&'$=1,$-*%<*)$%1,);.$)#$$=K*%<$1$/.*)
;.$.*/./.'$ /.#1/./.,++=%%*$ 9%&*$ )$4*&$ -*"*)0*%'$ -(;,2C*;%$ *);.*$ -*%<*)'$ +&//,++=);$1#
*);.*$-*%<*)$Y-$//%($,)0*%,++,$9,//*$-*"*2$4&',2$($9,//$;.*$-*"*2$4&',2$Z$%)),$+&//$)#
=K*%<$1$ 1=2C*$ *1%4$%%;.$)($ $)$&,2$ *);.*$ -*%<*)$ 9=))*;.,$ *4*1,++,$ ='',2$ 4%%*)0*&'#
$.*%<$&'$*4*1$*4*)'$-$1/./.,$Y/.*2C%($)#$9=))*;.,$')*++,$-,1%<*&'#$$$)*$')*++,$9%&*$)$4*&
-*"*)0*;.$)$4&',2Z$%)),$+&//$1#
223
Adi’s Book.
-*%<*)$ %;.'$ +&//,$ 9%1%/./.,+=);&$ 2*1*$ +#"'<'$ C*&*2$$ $//%)$)#$ $ *)&.*$ )$4*&$ -*"*2
+#"'$4%",);.*;.,#$$)%&*/./.&'$2*'*&%1,);.*;.$&'$)$4*&$-*"*)0*%%'$2*'*&$=//%+=);.*;.,#
=K*%<$1$2*'*&(;,$%1,);.*$9%&*$-*"*)0*%'$';,/./.,$*;,)0*%'$9$--%;*2,)$/.*)$4$<$&'$J-.!P
-.!F$ %))*$ !;.%)$1#$ $ %;.'$ -$1/./.,$ Y&$ -$//%($ -*"*2$ 1=2C*$ 9!;$$ %1,++,;.$7$ $ 1=2C*$ 9!;$
%1,);.$$ *;.'$ -(//,4%;,)0*#$ $ ,)0*%%,++,$ 9!;$;.*$ -*"*2$ /.*1,4&)Z$ %)),($ 9=&&%$ 9%&*$ -,;.,
-*1*)0*%'$ 2*1*/./.%&%1,);.,$ -*1%/./.,($ +#"'$ -(;$2'$ *);.*22$$ +*%&'$ +=;,/./.$)#
*--=;.$)$ =K*%<$1,++,$ 9,//*$ -*"*/./.,++,2$ 9,;$;.*$ -*"*/./.,++,2$ 4%;.<$9*2
/.'1%);.*;.,#$ $ *4*1$ *);.*$ -*"*)0*%'$ 9*);.(9.*2$$ /.%)),4%//,$ -*%<*),++,$ 1=2C*$ )*);1%
9=))$1#$$-*%<*)$2*1,-*;%<,2$9%1%/./.,++=);&$*)0%1,);.,$-(%4%//$)#
=K*%<$1,++,$ 2&&'$ 9=))*$ 4$1/./.')0*%%,++,$ *1/.*2$ /.'1%<$2'$ -()*;.,$ 4'++*2$
%1,);.*;.,#$ $ *4*1$ *);.*$ 2*1*/./.,++,$ +#"'$ +=)E*$ )&1*2$ /.*)0%4%//,$ *-1*2$ /.*)$ 4*"%<&
-(%4%//$1#
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
224
Adi’s Book.
GRAMMAR AT A GLANCE.
Where To Find A Spoken Tamil Grammar Principle.
Item Page Item Page
ablative, from 97 may, potentialt 75

able to, not able to, 97 medials (see past tense below) 23
accusative (object) 30 must…must not 87
address 10 need…need not 92
adjectives 58 negative (past,present.) 75
adverbs 58 negative, future 82
after, before 175 numbers, cardinal 19, 50
although), even if…not 153 numbers, ordinal 70
as soon as, until, up to 175 (($$4*;.,($$($&( 187
as, according to 180 object (acc.) 30
at, in, locative 64, 102 participial nouns 170
$4*;.,($$($&($( 187 participles, pres, past, fut 157
be, to be 17 past participles 140
because, because…not 180 past tense (s.thth) 110, 114
before, after 175 past tense (w.dh) 117
by means of, with 87 past tense (w.in) 126, 130
can, cannot, 97 past tense (w.s.ndh) 120, 123
causal verbs 166 past tense (w.tt) 133
comparison 161 perfect, imperfect 144
composite nouns 170 personal pronouns 15
continuous, imperfect, 144 plural nouns 28
dative 43 posessive (gen.) 34
declensions, n.& pron. 107 post-positions 61 67
defective verbs 43, 47 potential, may 75
demonstrative 12 present positive 54
demonstrative pron. 12 pronouns 12, 15
&($(($$4*;.,($$( 187 reflexive verbs 161
even if, even if not 153 relative participles 157
from, ablative 97 should…should not. 87
future neg. 82 so that, so that…not, 180
future positive 70 strong verbs 23
genitive (posessive) 34 um 184
greetings 10 unless), if not, (cond.) 148
if, if not, (unless)(cond.) 148 until, up to, as soon as, 175
imperatives negative 23 verbal nouns 170
imperatives positive 21 verbal participles 140, 157
imperfect, perfect 144 verbs-introduction 19
implied--‘to be’ 17 weak verbs 23
in order to, in order not 180 when, while, …not 175
in, at, locative 64, 102 with, by means of 87
infinitives 40
instrumental, with 87
intensive verbs 166
interrogative pronoun 12
locative, at, in 64,102
225

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COMMON SPOKEN TAMIL

CHRISTIAN MEDICAL COLLEGE VELLORE

COMMON SPOKEN TAMIL

22. Verbs - Present and Past, Negative, Page.

47. Adverbial clause of time Page

FOREWORD TO SECOND EDITION

Medials for past tense verbs.

/88! … Father, or polite masculine form of addressing, regardless of age.

L. (13&$8"0!2!L (Is) this (a) pen?

There are some exceptions to the above,

VERBS, Weak And Strong

Medials are ‘joining sounds’

or, where the noun has a final vowel, ‘ye’ is suffixed,

Nouns ending in ‘m’, ‘ru’, or ‘du’ are exceptions.

*Declensional Bases also serve as possessive adjectives or as bases of compound nouns.

Some parts of the body.

63/:!>$+*($J13K prepare 63/:!> readiness

"0.$:"0 why nalladhu (it is) good

Pronouns, Dative Case:-$1*HC*0+(90/C$?/+*$8C&+$,&==&-$9>$,&==!3/-

For the verb ‘2!-.$63*$,!-$+39>6*0+$69$,/-$(0$H90P&B/6(90.$63&+$'9>7(0B$,0!0$var"0-.

Expansion Drill, For Lesson 19.

Strong Verbs, Singular. U0'(0(6(2*$8C&+$$,=!13&-#

‘By Means Of ’, ‘With’.

Nouns ending in ‘m’ and ‘ru’ change to ‘thth’.

pusthaham 8&+63/3/6363!C* with the book

The translation ‘with’ in the appropriate places can be replaced by

‘With’, (Accompanied, Associated).

Nouns ending in ‘m’ and ‘ru’ change to ‘thth’.

pusthaham 8&+63/3/6363#1& with the book

Positives. regardless of number, gender, person:-

‘Could’ ‘was able to’ infinitive plus ‘mudindhadhu’ for past.

Negatives. regardless of number, gender, person:-

S. indha are; are pathinanju. This room; room fifteen.

Animate Nouns, use noun plus ‘idam’ or ‘idathle’.

Irregular, ending in ‘m’ ‘ru’ ‘du’.

!''!(&7%%O!4#0$47 follows nouns and pronouns:-

mudi mudivu end mudiradhu

ablative, from 97 may, potentialt 75

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Pronouns, Dative Case:-$1HC0+(90/C$?/+*$8C&+$,&==&-$9>$,&==!3/-

For the verb ‘2!-.$63$,!-$+39>60+$69$,/-$(0$H90P&B/6(90.$63&+$'9>7(0B$,0!0$var"0-.