Root Cause Analysis

Finding the underlying causes of issues in order to determine the best course of action is known
as root cause analysis. Root cause analysis operates under the premise that systematic prevention
and resolution of fundamental problems is far more successful than reactively treating isolated
indications.

In the water treatment facility construction project, we identify the several causes for quality
management. They are.
 Utilization of low-quality materials
 COVID 19 pandemic
 Economic pandemic
 Bad contractor decisions
 Substituting weakened components
Amoug theses causes “Utilization of low-quality materials” is the main cause for this project.
In the selected project, the quality management issue is identified as Utilization of low-quality
materials. To conduct root cause analysis, Fish bone analysis method is used for the given
scenario. Using this approach, the following primary categories that have an impact on the
quality management issue can be identified:
 People
 Materials
 Machine and Technology
 Methods

People
People can be identified as the cause that affect the quality management issues as utilization of
low-quality materials because of people involved in various aspects in the project. Here are some
factors contributing to this issue:

Root Cause: Lack of Training and Expertise

People who are related to the project (management and control team), they have not the excellent
knowledge of process of this project to the carry on. It's possible that those in charge of
purchasing materials or making decisions don't fully comprehend quality requirements and
material specifications.
Root Cause: Poor Decision-Making Processes
Lack of clear roles and responsibilities led to ambiguous decision-making, where no one takes
responsibility for ensuring material quality.
And also, they make decisions based on personal preferences or relationships with suppliers to
get the raw material for the project rather than objective quality parameters.
Root Cause: Performance Pressure
In this project they must fullfil the the deadlines or cost targets, therefore, they do not focus on
the quality and standard of the raw materials and the process.

Materials
Several quality management issues related to the materials themselves can contribute to the
utilization of low-quality materials in construction projects.
Root Cause: Poor Material Selection Criteria
Lack of detailed and raw material specifications can lead to uncleared in procurement, allowing
for the purchase of low-quality materials. And also, poor decisions of management team when
selecting the materials for the project.
Root Cause: Supply Chain Challenges
Selecting suppliers only on the basis of price, without taking into account their reputation for
producing high-quality supplies. Low-quality materials were delivered as a result of inadequate
supplier management and monitoring.
Root Cause: Substitution and fake Materials
Replacing specified materials with less expensive or inferior substitutes without getting
permission or taking project requirements into account. Additionally, the purchase of fake or not
certified materials as a result of weak monitoring or verification methods.

Machine and Technology

Several quality management issues related to the machine and technology themselves can
contribute to the utilization of low-quality materials in construction projects.
Root Cause: Outdated and Incompatible Machinery
utilizing outdated and Incompatible equipment incapable of handling modern material criteria
needed for the development of water treatment facilities.
Root Cause: Not enough Testing and Monitoring Systems
Not enough machinery monitoring or testing methods to ensure the quality of treatment materials
during processing. Moreover, equipment that is unable to identify materials flaws or pollutants
that could interfere with the treatment process.
Root Cause: Automation and Control System Issues
Inadequate control systems are unable to reliably maintain the necessary quality standards for
water treatment materials by controlling machinery operations.

Methods
Root Cause: Inadequate Construction Techniques
Using traditional or outdated construction techniques and methods to carry on the water
treatment project.
Root Cause: Poor Handling and Installation Practices
Using poor Handling and Installation methos for transporting, storing, or handling materials that
cause damage or degradation before installation. And also, do not follow the specified guidelines,
resulting in incorrect installation or integration of materials for construction.

Reasoning for selecting fish bone analysis

When constructing a water treatment facility, using a Fishbone analysis to analyze People,
Materials, Machine and Technology, and Methods provides a methodical and thorough way to
identify the factors that lead to the use of low-quality materials. With the use of that method's
visual representation, stakeholders can map out many possible reasons under these important
categories. The Fishbone diagram provides a methodical inquiry and increases understanding of
the various interrelationships among factors impacting material quality by classifying materials
into these separate branches. That can put procedures in place to deal with the problem that has
been recognized. Additionally, this approach offers a methodical and graphic representation of
the contributing aspects to the quality management problem.