REVIEWER FOR THE SECOND type of bond is formed when an atom of

sodium transfers an electron to a chlorine

PERIODICAL TEST IN SCIENCE 9 atom
negatively charged ion attracts cation
ATOMS
Ion vs atom: Atoms are neutral charge, same
Elements that gain electrons becomes
number of protons and electrons while ions
what kind of ion is quark.
are positively/negative charge.
Atomic Number is the number assigned to
Example: magnesium reacts with fluorine to
an element in the periodic table.
form magnesium fluoride (MgFl2
Planetary model is an atomic model
√ Each fluorine gains one electron
developed by Neils Bohr.
√ Magnesium forms a particle called cation
B. COVALENT BONDING
PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS AND
A molecule is a particle that results when
ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION two or more atoms form covalent bonds
If an element has valence electron of 4s1,
nonpolar covalent bond
so it belongs to IA Group. √ Example: chemical bond forms between
A certain element has an electronic
two oxygen atoms
configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2;
Polar Covalent Bond
√ Its energy level is three √ Example: The bond between sulfur
√ its valence electrons is two
(electronegativity value 2.5) and chlorine
√ total number of electrons in the second (electronegativity value 3.0)
energy level is eight
√ Example: The LED structure of carbon
√ it belongs to period 3, group IIA and s-
dioxide (CO2) is
block,
√ Example: Methane (CH4) is a component
if an element’s electronic configuration
of natural gas
is 1s2 2s2 2p6, then it belongs to noble gas
C. METALLIC BOND
group
Property of metal that can be hammered into
The way in which electrons are
sheets without breaking is malleability
distributed in the different orbitals around
the nucleus is Electron Configuration
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Uncertainty principle is the probability
Organic compounds are compounds that
that the electrons can be found in a certain
contain carbon and oxygen only
volume in space around the nucleus
√ Example: Vinegar for cooking paksiw
An atom with electronic structure
√ Example: lubricating oil prevents metal
1s22s22p4 has 8 electrons.
from rusting fast
Nonmetal has high ionization energy
√ Example: isopropyl alcohol are commonly
and high electronegativity
used as disinfectants and antiseptics
Properties
CHEMICAL BONDING
√ Volatility is the measure the tendency of
Pauli Exclusion Principle states that atomic
a compound to evaporate or turn into
orbital must be occupied by at most two
gaseous state
electrons in opposite spin.
√ Flammability: gasoline, kerosene and
Octet rule states that atoms like to have full
diesel are flammable organic
valence shells of eight electrons.
compounds
A. IONIC BONDING
Elements that gain electrons becomes anion
CARBON COMPOUNDS
A. HYDROCARBONS
 Alkanes and Alkenes are both composed of (Element)
hydrocarbons C 1 12 12
Butane is an example of Alkane
Ethyne with structural formula belongs to
the third group of hydrocarbons called H 4 16 64
alkyne COMPOUND’S MOLAR 76 g/mol
B. Carbonyl group AND Hydroxyl Group MASS
Acetone is an example of Carbonyl group
of organic compounds Mass = #표 푚표� 푚표�푎耀 푚푎
Mass = 0.700 푚표� 76 푔/푚표�
MOLE CONCEPT Mass = 53.2 g
23
Avogadro’s Number: 6.02 x 10
1 mole is equal to 6.02 x 1023 particles PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION
Molar mass: The mass of one mole of a Percentage composition is the percentage
substance of the mass made up by each element in a
How to get for molar mass: compound.
Sample problem
√ A component of antacid tablet is
aluminum hydroxide, Al (OH)3.
Determine the percentage composition
of oxygen in the compound.
√ Compute for molar mass
Sample Problem
√ Calculate how many moles are there in
2.00 grams of CO2?
√ Compute for molar mass
Elements # of Atomic Molar
Atoms Weight Mass
(Element)
� ퟏ��
C 1 12 12 푬풍풆 풆 �' � 푴풐풍 � 푴 ��
% O = 푪풐 풑풐 � 풐풍 퀠 푴 ��
O 2 16 32

� ퟏ��
COMPOUND’S MOLAR 44 g/mol ퟐ .ퟗ �/ 풐풍
ퟕ .�ퟏ �/ 풐풍
%O=
MASS
√ # of mole =
푔푖� 溠 푚푎 % O = 61.53 %
푚표�푎耀 푚푎 표 �ℎ � 푚 溠� 표耀 푐표푚푝표푢溠

2. 00 푔
# of mole = Review the computation of this worded

44 푔/푚표�
problem
√ Nueva Ecija is also known as the rice
# of mole = 0.05 mol
granary of the Philippines because its
huge volume of rice being produced
throughout the season. But nowadays
its farmlands have been depleted the
√ Calculate how many grams are present
amount of nitrogen available in the soil,
in 0.700 moles of CH4
which is one of the 16 essential
√ Compute for molar mass
elements needed by the plants for their
Elements # of Atomic Molar
optimum growth and development. The
Atoms Weight Mass
primary source of available nitrogen can
 be found in Ammonium Nitrate-
NH4NO3, Ammonia-NH3, and
Ammonium Sulfate – (NH4)2 SO4.
√ Calculate the percent composition of
nitrogen in each compound.
√ Which fertilizer has the highest and
lowest percent composition of nitrogen?