Historical Antecedents in the World

From Ancient Times to

600 BC
The Advent of Science (600
BC to 500 AD)
Islamic Golden Age
Science and Technology in
The Enlightenment Period

Ancient China
(1715 A.D. to 1789 A.D.)
The Renaissance (1300 AD –
1600AD)
Science during ancient times involved
practical arts like healing practices
and metal tradition. The ancient world,
then, was filled with inventions that,
although they sound commonplace
today, revolutionized life during those
times. These inventions are history’s
first inklings of science.
This period produced substantial advances in
scientific knowledge, especially in anatomy,
zoology, botany, mineralogy, geography,
mathematics and astronomy; an awareness of
the importance of certain scientific problems,
especially those related to the problem of
change and its cause; and a recognition of the
methodological importance of applying
mathematics to natural phenomena and of
undertaking empirical research.
The Islamic Golden Age was a period
of cultural, economic and scientific
flourishing in the history of Islam,
traditionally dated from the eighth
century to the fourteenth century,
with several contemporary scholars
dating the end of the era to the
fifteenth or sixteenth century.
Ancient China gave the world the Four Great
Inventions that include the compass,
gunpowder, papermaking and printing.
These were considered as among the most
important technological advances and were
only known to Europe 8 1000 years later or
during the end of the Middle ages. These
four inventions had a profound impact on
the development of civilization throughout
the world.
During the Renaissance period, great
advances occurred in geography,
astronomy, chemistry, physics,
mathematics, anatomy, manufacturing, and
engineering. The rediscovery of ancient
scientific texts was accelerated after the Fall
of Constantinople in 1453, and the
invention of printing democratized learning
and allowed a faster propagation of new
ideas.
The Enlightenment Period or the Age
of Reason was characterized by
radical reorientation in science,
which emphasized reason over
superstition and science over blind
faith. This period produced
numerous books, essays, inventions,
scientific discoveries, laws, wars and
revolutions.
Industrial Revolution (1760 -
1840)
The Industrial Revolution had one
further important effect on the
development of modern science. The
prospect of applying science to the
problems of industry served to stimulate
public support for science.
20th Century Science: Physics and
Information Age
The 20th century was an important century
in the history of the sciences. It generated
entirely novel insights in all areas of research
– often thanks to the introduction of novel
research methods – and it established an
intimate connection between science and
technology.
Science and Technology in the
Fourth Industrial Revolution
is a way of describing the blurring of
boundaries between the physical, digital, and
biological worlds. It’s a fusion of advances in
artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, the Internet
of Things (IoT), 3D printing, genetic
engineering, quantum computing, and other
technologies.