ICHES: International Conference on

Humanity Education and Social

PROJECT BASED LEARNING : DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY CHILDHOOD ABILITIES

Evi Maulidah1, Fajar Abdillah2

1
Institut Agama Islam Al-Qodiri, 2Institut Agama Islam Al-Qodiri
e-mail: evi.maulidah@yahoo.com

Abstract
Project-based learning is a recommended educational style because it can encourage
students to be critical thinkers, creative problem solvers, adept at solving problems,
and knowledgeable about both everyday problems and abstract world issues. The
purpose of this essay is to describe the use of project-based learning in the education
of young children and the potential benefits of this type of instruction. The technique
is library research, which involves gathering information from numerous works of
literature and turning it into intelligible information. About the application-based,
six-step PAUD implementation of project-based learning. Children's abilities in all
areas of their development can be stimulated by the use of this learning technique.

Abstrak
Project based learning merupakan sebuah model pembelajaran yang
direkomendasikan karena dapat menstimulasi anak untuk terbiasa dalam berpikir
kritis, kreatif, terampil dalam menyelesaikan masalah, terampil dalam
menghubungkan pengetahuan mengenai masalah-masalah, dan isu-isu dunia nyata.
Penelitian ini berusaha untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan project based learning
pada pendidikan anak usia dini dan kemampuan-kemampuan yang dapat
dikembangkan melalui pembelajaran tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah
library research dengan cara mengumpulkan data dari berbagai literatur kemudian
dianalisis menjadi sebuah data yang informatif. Adapun penerapan project based
learning di PAUD dilaksanakan dalam 6 langkah. Penerapan model pembelajaran ini
dapat menstimulasi kemampuan anak pada seluruh aspek perkembangannya.

Keywords : Project based learning, Development of Early Childhood, Childhood

Abilities

A. INTRODUCTION

Early childhood education attempts to cultivate children's potentials from a young

age as a means of preparing them for life and helping them adapt to their
surroundings. Education for young children is different from that for older ones.
Early education must be tailored to the developmental stage and needs of the child,
which entails creating activity-based learning opportunities like games and other
enjoyable pursuits.

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Children should be able to develop both physically and mentally with the aid of
education. The skills and abilities of youngsters will emerge through well-
stimulated development. Personal awareness, emotional development, socializing,
communication, cognitive, and motor perceptual are a few areas that might
develop considerably in early childhood, according to Yuliani (2013: 68).

Encouragement of youngsters to engage in problem-solving activities helps

stimulate young children. Children's brains and muscles are used in these
activities. Children can learn actively and absorb knowledge by doing it
themselves. so that children's development in all areas should be effectively
promoted.

Currently, educational professionals are working extremely hard to implement

problem-based learning. This is due to the fact that problems in people's lives are
becoming increasingly complex. Future-ready abilities must be taught to students,
who represent the next generation of the country. Therefore, it is crucial to teach
children problem-solving skills in both early childhood education and the wider
world of education.

Project-based learning is one instructional strategy that can motivate students to

engage in active learning, particularly in problem-solving. Demonstrating project-
based learning to kids can help them develop their critical and creative thinking
skills as well as their problem-solving and knowledge-connection abilities (Evi,
2020: 3). Many academic disciplines and educational levels can use this learning
model. Project-based learning is another option that teachers have when trying to
establish engaging and active learning for their students.

Project-based learning, according to Sara Lev et al (2020:3), differs significantly

from the traditional learning model in which kids are frequently compared to
empty vessels that must be filled with the wisdom of adults who are regarded as
more experienced. On project-based learning methods, students are urged to build
their own knowledge through practical application and interpersonal interaction.

This study aims to present an overview of the capabilities that can be fostered in
children through the use of a straightforward project-based learning paradigm in
early childhood education.

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B. RESEARCH METHODS

This study makes use of library research techniques by using library sources as its
main research focus. As for data collection methods, they include documentation,
content analysis, and source triangulation to validate the accuracy of the data.

C. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

1. Project-based instruction

A student-centered learning model is called project-based learning or project-

based education (student centered). According to Tinenti (2018: 3), project-based
learning entails giving students the chance to work independently, construct their
own learning, and ultimately produce real, worthwhile, and realistic products. It
also entails involving students in an activity to solve problems or complete other
meaningful tasks.

Project-based learning, as defined by Thomas (2000:1), is learning that takes the

form of assignments based on difficult questions or problems that require students
to engage in design, problem-solving, decision-making, or investigative activities
within a set time frame and result in a realistic product or presentation. Bell (2010:
39) makes the case in his research that this learning model is inquiry-based, which
is consistent with this assertion. Under the guidance of the teacher, students are
given research questions to answer. The results are compared to a project that will
later be presented. According to him, the suggested 21st century learning model
calls for pupils to learn communicatively and jointly during this class.

Cooper and Murphy (2016:29) distinguish between projects and project-based

learning. Conventional assignments are teacher-focused tasks. The teacher also
chooses the procedure and final product based on a set time. In contrast, project-
based learning emphasizes the learner and fosters a student-centered
environment (student oriented). Pupils are expected to think critically, solve issues
creatively, and create in order to prepare them for a world that is increasingly
competitive on a global scale.

As can be inferred from the summary above, project-based learning is a method of

instruction that can inspire students to be proactive, inventive, and creative in
their approach to problem-solving. It can also teach students how to cooperate and
communicate with peers to produce works, ideas, or ideas.

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The implementation of project-based learning has several goals, including the

following (Hosnan, 2014: 325): 1) for students to gain new knowledge and skills in
learning, 2) to improve students' problem-solving abilities, 3) to encourage
students to be more active in problem-solving complex problems with tangible
results, 4) to develop and improve students' skills in managing
resources/materials/tools to complete assignments, and 5) to improve
collaboration skills among students.

The use of project-based learning in schools can help teachers more easily enhance
their students' skills and abilities. Students are expected to gain problem-solving
skills through project-based learning paradigms. Students will become accustomed
to working professionally as a result, enabling them to best accomplish their
learning goals.

2. Characteristics Project-based instruction

According to Hosnan (2014: 322), project-based learning implementation

characteristics can be seen in students' conduct, which demonstrates: 1) Making
independent decisions in a group 2) Handling unanticipated problems 3)
Participate in the process design for problem-solving. 4. Think critically,
communicatively, cooperatively, and independently. 5. Seek and manage
information on your own. 6. Constantly conduct project evaluations. 7. Reflect on
the project as it is being carried out to get results. 8) The project's final output may
take the shape of documents, speeches, plays, or services. 9) the development of a
tolerance for mistakes or flaws in product outcomes.

In contrast, Thomas (2000:22) recognized a number of traits of student behavior

throughout the implementation of project-based learning, including social
interaction and critical thinking. The skills of synthesizing, anticipating, generating,
assessing, and reflecting are all parts of critical thinking. In contrast, social
participation behavior include cooperative conduct, intergroup awareness,
intergroup instigation, and managerial behavior.

3. The actions Project-based instruction

Students participate in problem-solving activities and other relevant tasks as part

of the project-based learning paradigm, which gives them the chance to work
independently, create their own learning, and ultimately generate useful and
realistic real-world products. Here is the model implementation project-based
learning syntax (Steps) (Satrianawati, 2017:15).

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Project based learning steps

Driving question Devise plan Create a schedule

Evaluate the Asses the

Monitoring
experience outcome

a. Determination of the fundamental question (driving question). This phase

serves as the teacher's first basis for establishing the direction and objectives of
the learning outcomes or projects that the students must complete. In this
instance, the teacher asks questions about the students' knowledge. The teacher
can offer prompts or information in relation to the questions that will be asked
in order to ensure that all students have the same understanding, knowledge,
and experiences. This can be accomplished by displaying movies, providing
examples, or encouraging students to witness something directly that is
connected to the subject being posed. This stage of asking questions is crucial
since it will serve as the foundation for students' project preparation.
b. Create a project plan (devise plan). The teacher must offer students enough time
to build ideas for tackling these challenges, specifically in the form of creating
projects, after posing questions as problems for them to solve. Together, the
students will develop a plan for the project they will work on, how they will
complete it, and how they will divide the tasks. The project in issue may consist
of both products and services. This stage is crucial since it can help pupils finish
the assignment.
c. Set a schedule (create a schedule). If project-based learning will take place over
a long period of time, the timetable planning stage can be completed. one day
plus one week, one month, one semester, or any other amount of time. Students
therefore first set up a schedule so that the project may be finished in
accordance with plan before beginning the project preparation procedure. In
this situation, the instructor must first pay attention and take into account the
projected time for finishing the job. Students should create a timetable of tasks

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to be completed while working on the assignment so that the time allotted by

the teacher can be used as efficiently as feasible.
d. Monitoring (Monitoring). The progress of the projects that students are
preparing for and working on is monitored by the teacher. In reality, students
begin working on assignments based on planning strategies, carrying out tests,
assessments, and modifications. If pupils need direction, teachers can give it to
them. Therefore the teacher's only responsibility in this situation is to oversee
student enthusiasm for the assignment. The teacher is not permitted to interfere
with the assignment, not even by imposing his own ideas on the pupils' project.
This is true because project-based learning's primary goal is to help students
become better problem solvers.
e. Test outcomes (Asses the outcome). After the students successfully complete
the project, this task is completed. The results of work processes or product
quality are put to the test by the teacher. Depending on the best manner to
promote the product to the general audience, this can be done through product
presentations or demonstrations. The target audience can also be changed to
suit the requirements, for example, to include students in one class or student
guardians at specific events.
f. Evaluation (Evaluate the experience) (Evaluate the experience). As pupils
submit their work, the teacher evaluates what they have produced. The teacher
evaluates the students' work or product after observing it and making a
determination about its viability. This serves as a gauge for the success of the
student-produced outcomes and as a testing ground for future compilations of
product enhancements.

4. Project-based learning is being implemented in early childhood

education.

Application-based learning necessitates advanced thinking. For this reason, this

learning paradigm is thought to be able to enhance critical thinking abilities as well
as creative and problem-solving abilities. Use project-based learning in the early
grades. This is definitely more difficult than applying it at a higher level. Project-
based learning can still be used, especially if the child is already accustomed to this
type of instruction.

As the author has already stated, project-based learning is implemented in certain

syntax. Its use in PAUD is similar. Instructors can implement project-based
learning using the same fundamental six processes. The distinction that needs to
be highlighted in its application in PAUD is that the issues that children must

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resolve must be straightforward in accordance with their age and preferred

method of learning.

This is an illustration of project-based learning in action in early childhood

education.

Themes : I love Indonesia

Sub Themes : Flag

Activity Description : In this activity, kids learn about the national

flag of Indonesia and then work in groups to
create their own flags using supplies and
techniques that suit their individual ideas and
Tools and materials : creative flair.

Children must find and choose the tools and

materials they want to use in order to
complete the project, but if there aren't
enough available at school, the instructor may
offer them in advance. Children are still free to
Steps : choose the equipment and materials they
choose to use.

a. Driving question
The teacher introduces a genuine example
or plays a film about the Indonesian flag
before posing the project's central query:
"How did you make the Indonesian flag?"
b. Devise plan
The kids gathered in their pre-formed
groups to discuss the tasks they would be
completing.
c. Create a schedule
The kids gathered in their pre-formed
groups to discuss the tasks they would be
completing.
d. Monitoring

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In this situation, it is possible to supervise

the preparation of projects by children
closely at every stage of the activity. What
are you going to make? is akin to asking,
"What are you going to make? What will
you carry out first? what to do next?”,
among other things.
e. Asses the outcome
Students are given the duty of presenting
the outcomes of the projects they are
working on by outlining the materials they
use, how flags are made, the
responsibilities of each team member, etc.
f. Evaluate the experience
If there is a deficiency, the instructor can
propose what the student should do to
improve the project's outcomes. The
teacher evaluates the viability of the
project that the student has finished.

It can also be continued with closing exercises,

such as reflecting on the set of actions they
have taken.

5. Early Development of Abilities via means of project-based learning

Early childhood application-based learning can make use of all of a child's learning
capacities. There are various facets to the development of this ability. Children will
develop more effectively if they are provided better stimulus.

Fundamentally, development can take place both entire and unbroken. Self-
potential and the caliber of education that offers services for its development can
both encourage full development (Suryana, 2018: 2). If a child does not receive
services in the form of stimulation or education to optimize parts of his
development, incomplete development may result.

Project-based learning helps boost kids' independence, responsibility, and self-

confidence in the area of personal awareness. This can be demonstrated in the
child's capacity to manage project tasks and make decisions in accordance with the

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collective plans. Children are taught through project activities how to take care of
themselves, ask questions, and research answers to those questions in order to
develop an independent mindset that will be helpful throughout the child's life
(Claussen, 2017: 11).

Children can learn a lot about social-emotional development by applying models

and project-based learning. Children's accuracy, attentiveness, and patience can all
be improved by this practice. Children will also interact and work together with
their friends to find solutions to issues. So, it is necessary for kids to be able to
appreciate and accept other people's perspectives. For young toddlers who are still
in the egocentric stage, this is undoubtedly difficult. Nonetheless, there is nothing
wrong with this exercise if it helps kids understand the importance of camaraderie
among group members.

Regarding the cognitive component, project work gives students the chance to
think critically in ways that go beyond what they can do during a teacher-led
lesson. Children must move more independently during this activity to determine
their learning experience (Claussen, 2017: 4). There is no requirement for
participation, discussion, or communicating an issue, despite the fact that, in
general, Indonesian children are happy and used to learning with content that is
gained immediately from the teacher (Sumarni et al, 2022: 991). Children will
learn how to solve problems and come up with original solutions using this
teaching strategy.

Children will be encouraged to move actively while studying regardless of their

physical capabilities. So, learning does not just happen at the table. Children can
instead increase their knowledge through practical activities. Instructors can
arrange for students to visit a real-world location that is connected to the course
subject. Children may become curious and interested about this. Teachers should
be cautious not to give directions in these circumstances since children will
naturally perform investigations or observations; instead, they should encourage
children to take the initiative, make decisions, and organize projects (Claussen,
2017: 5).

It is crucial to nurture young children's abilities in all facets of their growth. The
cornerstone for children's future potential development will be their innate skills,
which they have from an early age. In order to encourage the skills of all children,
teachers may choose to employ project-based learning in the early years.

D. CONCLUSION

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Depending on the stimuli provided, early childhood growth may go place optimally
or inadvertently. Early childhood skills can be developed by getting kids used to
moving around while they learn. Children can learn actively, autonomously,
realistically, and can complement children's capacities in all facets of their
development through project-based learning approaches.

E. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bell, Stephanie. ―Project based learning For The 21st Century Skills For The
Future‖, The Clearing House, 83, 2010.
Claussen, Danielle. "A Review of Literature: Project Based Learning in Early
Childhood." (2017)
Cooper, Ross & Murphy, Erin. Hacking Project based learning, Cleveland : Times 10,
2016.
Hosnan, Pendekatan Saintifik dan Kontekstual Dalam Pembelajaran Abad 21.
Bogor : Ghalia Indonesia, 2014.
Lev, Sara, Amanda Clark, and Erin Starkey. Implementing project based learning in
early childhood: Overcoming misconceptions and reaching success. Routledge,
2020.
Maulidah, Evi. Efektifitas model project based learning (PJBL) untuk meningkatkan
keterampilan 4C (Critical Thingking, Creativity, Communication, and
Collaboration) siswa kelas IV SDN Karang Melok I Tamanan Bondowoso. Diss.
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, 2020.
Rosinda Tinenti, Yanti. Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek, Yogyakarta :
Deepublish, 2018.
Satrianawati, Model Pembelajaran Untuk Keterampilan Abad 21, Yogyakarta :
Deepublish, 2017.
Sujiono, Yuliani Nurani. Konsep Dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Edisi revisi.
Jakarta: Indeks, 2013.
Sumarni, Sri, Ratu Ilma, and Windi Dwi Andika. "Project Based Learning (PBL)
Based Lesson Study for Learning Community (LSLC) in kindergarten." Jurnal
Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini 6.2 (2022): 989-996.
Suryana, Dadan. "Pendidikan anak usia dini: stimulasi dan aspek perkembangan
anak." (2018): 1-363.
Thomas, John W. A Review Of Research On Project-Based Learning. California: The
Autodesk Foundation, 2000.

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