NATURAL MOISTURE CONTENT

WET SOIL WITH DISH - (MINUS) - DRY SOIL WITH DISH

X (MULTIPLY) 100
OVEN DRY SOIL

GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS

NO. 200 SIEVE

X (MULTIPLY) 100 -(MINUS) 100
OVEN DRY SOIL

ATTERBERG LIMIT (LIQUID LIMIT & PLASTIC LIMIT)

GIVEN: * DRY SOIL * DISH MASS * MOISTURE CONTENT

* LL (LIQUID LIMIT VALUE) & PL (PLASTIC LIMIT VALUE)

DRY SOIL WITH DISH: DISH MASS + (PLUS) DRY SOIL

WET SOIL WITH DISH: MOISTURE CONTENT X (MULTIPLY) DRY SOIL

+ (PLUS) DRY SOIL WITH DISH
100

GIVEN: * WET SOIL WITH DISH * MOISTURE CONTENT * DISH MASS

* LL (LIQUID LIMIT VALUE) & PL (PLASTIC LIMIT VALUE)

DRY SOIL WITH DISH: WET SOIL WITH DISH - (MINUS) DISH MASS
+ (PLUS) DISH MASS
MOISTURE CONTENT

MOISTURE CONTENT: BLOWS

= ANSWER (1)
(USE SCIENTIFIC CALC) 25

ANSWER (1) [XY (RAISED TO)] 0.121 = ANSWER (2)

VALUE OF LIQUID LIMIT

ANSWER (2)

LIQUID PLASTIC PLASTICITY

NUMBER OF BLOWS
CLASSIFICATION % GSA LIMIT LIMIT INDEX
LL PL PI 1ST 2ND 3RD
FAT CLAY CH 65 ABOVE 50-80 27-40 23-60 30-35 20-30 15-25
ELASTIC SILT (CLAYEY SILT) MH 50-65 50-80 27-40 3-23 30-35 20-30 15-25
LEAN CLAY (SANDY CLAY) CL 45-50 30-50 23-40 7-37 30-35 20-30 15-25
SILT ML 40-45 30-50 22-30 4-23 30-35 20-30 15-25
CLAYEY SAND SC 35-40 20-30 15-24 7-10 30-35 20-30 15-25
SILTY SAND SM 30-35 18-30 15-24 3-4 30-35 20-30 15-25
CLAYEY SILTY SAND SC-SM 30-40 20-28 15-24 4-7 30-35 20-30 15-25
POORLY GRADED SAND SP
WELL GRADED SAND SW

NOTE: ALWAYS CHECK THE A-LINE FOR VERIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION IF CORRECT OR NOT
* FOR MOISTURE CONTENT OF ATTERBERG LIMIT

BLOWS VALUE BLOWS VALUE BLOWS VALUE BLOWS VALUE

15 0.9400 21 0.9791 27 1.0093 33 1.0341
16 0.9474 22 0.9846 28 1.0138 34 1.0379
17 0.9544 23 0.9899 29 1.0181 35 1.0415
18 0.9610 24 0.9950 30 1.0223
19 0.9673 25 1.0000 31 1.0263
20 0.9733 26 1.0047 32 1.0303
 SPECIFIC GRAVITY

GIVEN: * SPECIFIC OF SOIL SOLID

* MASS OF WATER & PYCNOMETER AT TEST TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT: MASS OF OVEN DRY SOIL SOLIDS

SPECIFIC OF SOIL SOLID

MASS OF PYCNOMETER, WATER & SOIL SOLIDS AT TEST TEMPERATURE:

MASS OF WATER & PYCNOMETER AT TEST TEMPERATURE + (PLUS) MASS OF OVEN DRY SOIL SOLIDS
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT

TEMPERATURE
VOLUMETRIC FLASK
25 28 30 35
D 702.84 702.65 701.87 701.68
L 646.41 646.11
H 679.81 679.69 679.13 678.4
A 647.03 646.91 645.84 645.7
N 667.79 667.6 667.54 666.97
R 669.72 669.51 668.92 668.47
E 652.15 651.98 651.31 651.09
J 676.83 676.94 676.33 675.62
F 654.94 654.68 654.51 654.15
M 680.31 679.88
K 670.81 669.19 668.36 668.28
P 712.24 711.55 711.57 711.25
C 682.62 682.41 682.84 683.05
O 674.87 674.34 673.7 672.99
I 671.3 670.33
Q 680.36 679.94 679.2 678.22
S 69129 690.33 689.52 689.36
G 707.21 706.87 706.27 706.11
T 672.23 671.96 670.7 670.07

RANGES FOR SPECIFIC GRAVITY MASS OF OVEN DRY SOIL SOLID

SC, SM, SC-SM 2.61 TO 2.68 CH & MH 50 TO 55

ML & MH 2.62 TO 2.68 CL, ML, SC, SM 55 TO 65
CH 2.68 TO 2.75 SAND 60 TO 70
SAND & GRAVEL 2.65 TO 2.68
 UNIT WEIGHT OF SOIL

GIVEN: * MASS OF SPECIMEN

* MASS OF SPECIMEN AFTER WAXING
* WET DENSITY

VOLUME OF SPECIMEN: MASS OF SPECIMEN

WET DENSITY

MASS OF PARAFFIN WAX: MASS OF SPECIMEN AFTER WAXING - (MINUS) MASS OF SPECIMEN

APPARENT MASS OF WAX USED SUSPENDED IN WATER:

MASS OF PARAFFIN WAX VOLUME OF MASS OF SPECIMEN AFTER

+ (PLUS) - (MINUS)
DENSITY OF PARAFFIN WAX SPECIMEN WAXING

MASS OF SPECIMEN 75 TO 85
MASS OF SPECIMEN AFTER WAXING 124 TO 127
CALIBRATED DENSITY OF PARAFFIN 0.87

SOIL CLASSIFICATION VALUE % GSA

CH 1.35 TO 1.45 ABOVE 65
MH 1.46 TO 1.60 50 TO 65
CL 1.61 TO 1.65 45 TO 50
ML 1.66 TO 1.70 40 TO 45
SC 1.71 TO 1.75 35 TO 40
SM 1.80 TO 1.88 BELOW 35
GRAVEL 1.92 TO 2.10 BELOW 12

HYDROMETER ANALYSIS

GIVEN: * WEIGHT OF ORIGINAL SAMPLE

* VALUE OF GSA
* VALUE OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY
* K (TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT BASED ON SPECIFIC GRAVITY)

PERCENT FINER:

100 VALUE OF S.G.

X X CORRECTION VALUE
WEIGHT OF ORIGINAL SAMPLE 1 - VALUE OF S.G.
ELAPSED TIME
DIAMETER: √L K (TEMPERATURE 0
X
T COEFFICIENT) 1
L = CORRECTION VALUE FOR VALUE OF L & K: CHECK THE TABLE 2
T = ELAPSED TIME L = CORRECTION VALUE 5
K = TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT BASED 15
CORRECTION VALUE: 25 TO 37 ON VALUE OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY 30
TEMPERATURE: 25 TO 30 60
480 mins ELAPSED TIME: DIAMETER VALUE 120
CLAY READING: SLOW TO FAST CLAY = 0.0019 BELOW 240
SILT READING: FAST TO SLOW SILT = 0.0020 BELOW 480
OBS = CORRECTION VALUE +1
 ACTUAL HYDROMETER EFFECTIVE DEPTH VALUE OF TEMPERATURE
OBS
READING (cm) S.G. 25 26 27
1 1.001 16 2.6 0.01306 0.01291 0.01277
2 1.002 15.8 2.61 0.01302 0.01287 0.01273
3 1.003 15.5 2.62 0.01298 0.01283 0.01269
4 1.004 15.2 2.63 0.01294 0.0128 0.01266
5 1.005 15 2.64 0.0129 0.01276 0.01262
6 1.006 14.7 2.65 0.01286 0.01272 0.01258
7 1.007 14.4 2.66 0.01282 0.01268 0.01254
8 1.008 14.2 2.67 0.01278 0.01264 0.0125
9 1.009 13.9 2.68 0.01275 0.01261 0.01247
10 1.01 13.7 2.69 0.01271 0.01257 0.01243
11 1.011 13.4 2.7 0.01267 0.01253 0.01239
12 1.012 13.1 2.71 0.01263 0.01249 0.01235
13 1.013 12.9 2.72 0.0126 0.01246 0.01232
14 1.014 12.6 2.73 0.01256 0.01242 0.01228
15 1.015 12.3 2.74 0.01253 0.01239 0.01225
16 1.016 12.1 2.75 0.01249 0.01235 0.01221
17 1.017 11.8
18 1.018 11.5
19 1.019 11.3 VALUE OF TEMPERATURE
20 1.02 11 S.G. 28 29 30
21 1.021 10.7 2.6 0.01264 0.01249 0.01236
22 1.022 10.5 2.61 0.0126 0.01245 0.01232
23 1.023 10.2 2.62 0.01256 0.01241 0.01228
24 1.024 10 2.63 0.01252 0.01238 0.01225
25 1.025 9.7 2.64 0.01248 0.01234 0.01221
26 1.026 9.4 2.65 0.01244 0.0123 0.01217
27 1.027 9.2 2.66 0.01241 0.01226 0.01213
28 1.028 8.9 2.67 0.01237 0.01223 0.0121
29 1.029 8.6 2.68 0.01233 0.01219 0.01206
30 1.03 8.4 2.69 0.01229 0.01216 0.01203
31 1.031 8.1 2.7 0.01225 0.01212 0.01199
32 1.032 7.8 2.71 0.01222 0.01209 0.01196
33 1.033 7.6 2.72 0.01218 0.01205 0.01192
34 1.034 7.3 2.73 0.01215 0.01202 0.01189
35 1.035 7 2.74 0.01211 0.01198 0.01185
36 1.036 6.8 2.75 0.01208 0.01195 0.01182
37 1.037 6.5
38 1.038 6.2
39 1.039 5.9
40 1.04 5.6
41 1.041 5.4
42 1.042 5.1
43 1.043 4.8
 CONSOLIDATION

INITIAL READING & LAST LOADING OF EVERY LOADING X (MULTIPLY) 0.0002 = ADJUSTED READING

INITIAL WET SOIL WITH RING - (MINUS) WEIGHT OF RING

= WET UNIT WEIGHT
VOLUME OF RING

GIVEN: * INITIAL WET SOIL + RING RING AREA = πr²

* FINAL WET SOIL + RING RING VOLUME=
AREA MULTIPLY BY
* WEIGHT OF RING
RING HEIGHT
* INITIAL MOISTURE CONTENT
* SPECIFIC GRAVITY

DRY SOIL: INITIAL WET SOIL WITH RING - (MINUS) WEIGHT OF RING
1 .(POINT) MOISTURE CONTENT

OVEN DRY SOIL WITH RING = DRY SOIL + WEIGHT OF RING

WATER = INITIAL WET SOIL WITH RING - (MINUS) OVEN DRY SOIL WITH RING
FINAL MOISTURE CONTENT = WATER (FINAL)
X 100
DRY SOIL

WET UNIT WEIGHT= INITIAL WET SOIL WITH RING - (MINUS) WEIGHT OF RING
RING VOLUME

BEAM LOAD = PRESSURE X (MULTIPLY) AREA M.A = MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE

M.A

OD
HS = ÷ AREA HV = RING HEIGHT - (MINUS) HS
SG

eO = HV
HS
DIRECT SHEAR

SHEAR LOAD (S.L)= SHEAR STRESS (S.S) x (MULTIPLY) AREA 27 deg - 32 deg = SAND
HORIZONTAL PROVING RING (HPR) = SHEAR LOAD (S.L) 27 deg BELOW = CLAY / SILT
CALIBRATION
SHEAR STRESS (S.S)= SL
AREA

SHEAR STRESS BELOW

1 - 0.60 = CLAY
0.50 BELOW = SAND