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Bridge Introduction
Bridge Introduction
Kandahar University
Engineering Faculty
Civil Department
Bridge Engineering
Introduction to Bridge
Table of Content
1. INTRODUCTION
2. BRIDGE COMPONENTS
3. BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION
4. SELECTION OF BRIDGE TYPES
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Introduction
Bridge engineering is a field of engineering
(particularly a significant branch of structural
engineering) dealing with the
surveying,
plan,
design,
analysis,
construction
management,
Introduction
This variety of disciplines requires knowledge of the
science and engineering of natural and man-made
materials, composites, metallurgy, structural
mechanics, statics, dynamics, statistics, probability
theory, hydraulics, and soil science
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BRIDGE COMPONENTS
Bridge has 3 main components
Super Structure
Bearing
Sub Structure
Superstructure
BRIDGE COMPONENTS …
Bearings
Substructure
Substructure is the portion of the bridge below the bearing, used for supporting
the bridge superstructure and transmits all those loads to ground.
substructures include abutments, piers, wing walls, or retaining walls, and
foundation structures like columns and piles,
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BRIDGE COMPONENTS …
Bridge Length,
Span Length,
Bridge Clearance
BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION
Depending on the objective of classification, the bridges can be classifiedin
several ways
1) Materials of construction
2) Span length
3) Position (for movable bridges)
4) Span types
5) Deck location
6) Usage
7) Geometric shape
8) Structural form
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BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION …
BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION …
Lift Bridges
Swing Bridges
Bascule Bridges
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BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION …
Continuous Bridges
Cantilever Bridges
BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION …
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BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION …
o road traffic,
o rail traffic,
o pedestrian,
o a pipeline or
o waterway
o Combined
BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION …
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BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION …
beam bridges
Beam bridges (also referred to as Girder Bridges) are the most common,
inexpensive, and simplest structural forms supported between abutments or piers
Sometimes, the beam bridges are also classified into slab bridges, beam bridges,
and girder bridges
only materials that can work well for both tension and compression can be used to
build a beam bridge.
BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION …
Rigid-Frame Bridges
The use of rigid-frame bridges began in Germany in the early 20th century.
A Rigid-Frame Bridge (also known as Rahmen Bridge) consists of superstructure
supported on vertical or slanted monolithic legs (columns)
The connections between superstructure and substructure are rigid connections
which transfer bending moment, axial forces, and shear forces.
However, as a statically indeterminate structure, the design and analysis is more
complicated
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BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION …
Truss Bridges
o Truss bridges are one of the oldest types of modern bridges
o A bridge whose load-bearing superstructure is composed of a truss is a truss bridge
o For modern truss bridges, gusset plate connections are generally used,
o the bending moments and shear forces of members should be considered for evaluating
the real performance of the truss bridges, which is achieved by the aid of finite element
software
o The maximum single span of the continuous truss bridge is 440 m in Tokyo Gate Bridge in
Japan, as shown in Fig
BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION …
Truss Bridges
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BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION …
Arch Bridges
An arch bridge is a bridge shaped as an upward convex
curved arch to sustain the vertical loads
simple arch bridge works by transferring its weight and other
loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the strong
abutments at either side
today. The current world’s largest arch bridge is the
Chaotianmen Bridge over the Yangtze River in Chongqing
(China) with a span length of 552 m, as shown in Fig.
BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION …
Cable-Stayed Bridges
A cable-stayed bridge is a structure with several points in each span between the
towers supported upward in a slanting direction with inclined cables and consists of
main towers
For mechanical point of view, a cable-stayed bridge is a statically indeterminate
continuous girder
The cable-stayed bridges are also highly efficient in use of materials due to their
structural members mainly works in either tension or compression
Cable-stayed bridges have the second-longest spanning capacity (after suspension
bridges), and they are practically suitable for spans up to around 1000 m. The top 10
largest cable-
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BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION …
BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION …
Suspension Bridges
A typical suspension bridge is a continuous girder suspended by suspension cables,
which pass through the main towers with the aid of a special structure known as a
saddle, and end on big anchorages that hold them.
The deck, which is usually a truss or a box girder, is connected to the suspension
cables by vertical suspender cables or rods, called hangers,
The curve shape of the suspension cables is similar to that of arch.
The use of suspension bridges makes longer main spans achievable than with any
other types of bridges, and they are practical for spans up to around 2 km or even
larger
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BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION …
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Bridge Terminology
Abutments Clear and Effective Spa
Approach Slab
Bed Block
Boring Chart
Culvert
Box Culvert
Carriage Width
Vertical Clearance
Bridge Terminology
Abutments
Afflux
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Bridge Terminology
Backfill
Approach Slab
Bridge Terminology
Bed Block
Boring Chart
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Bridge Terminology
Culvert
Box Culvert
Bridge Terminology
Carriage Width
Vertical Clearance
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Bridge Terminology
Clear and Effective Spa
Expansion Joints
Construction Joint
Thank You
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