♥안산고1 중간점검 (어법ver.

)♥

7-1
When we feel hungry, a good meal soon leave(leaves) us fully(full) and satisfied.

[But] imagining(imagine) if, however(=no matter how) much you ate, the
uncontollably(uncontrollable) desire to eat never left you.

Children with Prader-Willi syndrom (PWS) actually is suffered(suffer) from this

constantly(constant) hunger.

Sometimes it even causes it(them) eating(to eat) soil, paper, or almost anything in
which(which/that) they can put into their mouths.

PWS is caused by a disorder in a part of the brain calling(called) the hypothalamus, that(which)
controls appetite.

As PWS is a genetic disease, they(it) cannot cure(be cured).

The greatest risk of PWS is obesity.

Since children with PWS are always hungry, it can be particularly difficult controling(to control)
their weight.

They will do anything to get food when(whenever) they can.

So parents advised(are advised) taking(to take) strict measures to prevent overeating.

Recent research had shown(has shown) certain growth hormones can help reduce the
proportion of body fat and improving(improve) the physical strength and flexibility of PWS
sufferers.

This does not suggest a cure of the syndrome, [but] it is certainly and encouraged(encouraging)
discovery for PWS patients and their families.
 ♥안산고1 중간점검 (어법ver.)♥

7-2
While a team of doctors operates on his brain, a patient hums songs and plays the saxophone.

This unusual situation actually is happened(happened) in 2016.

The patient was a 25-year-old musician naming(named) Dan Fabbio.

Fabbio has(had) a tumor locating(located) in the part of the brain involving(involved) in making
and listen(listening) to music.

Doctors hoped to remove them(it) without affected(affecting) Fabbio’s musical abilities.

They spent months to make(making) a three-dimensional map of his brain.

Fabbio would listen to songs and then hum it(them) during(while) the doctors are
performed(performed) MRI scans on his brain.

This helped the doctors locating(locate/to locate) the parts of his brain relates(related) to music.

Despite(Although) the map was usefully(useful), the cautious doctors decided keeping(to keep)
Fabbio to awake(awake) while(during) the surgery, asking him to hum songs occasionally.

This activity showed the doctors exactly in which(which) areas of the brain to avoid.

Toward the end of the operation, they decided to give Fabbio a test.

They brought his saxophone into the operation(operating) room and has(had) him to play(play)
a song on it.

He played the song perfectly, and the doctors and nurses happily applaud(applauded) his
performance.

In the end, the surgery was a great success.

The tumor removed(was removed), and Fabbio didn’t lose his musical talent!
 ♥안산고1 중간점검 (어법ver.)♥

7-3
If you ever feel a pain in your mouth, don't ignore it.

A toothache can be a sign that you have a cavity.

And if cavities left(are left) untreated for too long, they can become infected.

The problem is that his kind of infections(infection) doesn’t just affect your teeth.

It can have a serious impact on you health, lead(leading) to stomach problems, heart disease,
diabetes, and brain disease.

A recent story of a man highlighting(highlights) the danger of ignoring a cavity.

The man has(had) a severely rotten tooth, [but] he scared(was too scared) to go to the dentist
to have pull it out(it pulled out).

So, he just kept to take(taking) painkillers.

After some time, he began to feel(=feeling) dizzy, developed a fever, and eventually collapsed.

He took(was taken) to a hospital, [but] the doctors couldn’t figure out which(what) was wrong
with him.

Finally, they realized that his rotten tooth has(had) become infected.

Bacteria from the infection has(had) entered his brain, caused(causing) cancer to form.

So even if you’re afraid of getting into the dentist’s chair, be sure to make an appointment if
you think what(that) you have a cavity.

If you don’t, you could end up to lie(lying) down on an operating table instead!
 ♥안산고1 중간점검 (어법ver.)♥

7-4
Q: I’ve always wanted to try scuba diving, [but] I heard(have heard) scary stories about
decompression sickness.

Can you tell me which(what) this is and how dangerous it is?

A : Thanks for raising this important concern.

As a professional scuba instructor based in Cebu, Philippines, I have come across antoher(other)
divers in which(who/that) experienced(have experienced) decompression sickness.

[However], I must emphasize what(that) it is rarely(rare), that(and it) only occurs when divers
will ignore(ignore) basic safety procedures.

The condition it(itself) involves nitrogen bubbles become(becoming) trapped in a diver’s body,
normally in the joints or veins.

This happens when divers don’t surface properly or surface too quick(quickly).

When this happens, the sudden decrease in pressure cause(causes) tiny nitrogen bubbles
expanding(to expand) into big ones and get stuck inside the body.

When these bubbles are in the joints, it becomes incredibly painfully(painful) for divers to
straighten their arms and legs — the reason what(why) decompression sickness are(is)
common(commonly) called “the bends.”

[Moreover], if the bubbles are in the veins, they can travel to the brain and cause a stroke.

As you can see, decompression sickness can be very serious.

The good news is, though, that it is easy(easily) avoidable.

If you follow the safety precautions and stay calm, you will have no so(such) problems!

Please feel free to contact me if you have any further questions.

 ♥안산고1 중간점검 (어법ver.)♥

8-1
Socks are just something we pull onto our feet every morning, [so] it(they) may not seem
importantly(important) to you and me.

But they can make a huge difference in the live of some people.

Adina Lichtman learned it(this) when she is(was) a college student.

She decided(had decided) to help homeless people in New York City and distributing(was
distributing) free sandwiches on the street.

One grateful man thanked her for the sandwich, [but] then he is mentioned(mentioned) that
winter was coming.

When the weather turns frigid, he told her, homeless people need socks more than anything
else.

That night, after deciding to take action, Lichtman started knock(knocking) on doors in her
dormitory, asking her classmates to donate one pair of socks.

By the next morning, she collected(had collected) 40 pairs.

Today she runs a nonprofit organization, calling(called) Knock Knock, Give a Sock (KKGS), that
had donated(has donated) more than 350,000 pairs of socks to homeless people all across
America.

There are numerous organizations in which(that) work to help the homeless, but Lichtman
explains why KKGS is special: “During(While) many people donate clothing, nine out of every
ten clothing donors have never donated socks.”

Lichtman is identified(identified) an important need and found a way fill(to fill) it.

Thanks to her innovative thinking, thousands of people will have warm feet this winter.
 ♥안산고1 중간점검 (어법ver.)♥

8-2
The human brain is an amazing thing.

[However], there are some tasks and they(=that) are simply too complex for our brains to
handle well.

That’s because(why) artificial intelligence, also know(known) as AI, plays many important roles,
especially in the field of healthcare.

Doctors in the US trained(are highly trained) and have access to all the latest equipment.

Despite this, it estimated(is estimated) that American doctors make about 1.5 million medication
mistakes every year.

This isn’t always the doctors’ fault.

If you wanted to read every new medical paper what(that) was published, you would need 160
hours of free time every week.

In reality, most doctors spend five hours a month or less to read(reading) medical papers.

AI, [on the other hand], has the ability to analyze and understand every medical paper every
written.

All of these detail(details) can stored(be stored) in a database and recalled instantly.

To use(Using) this information, it can be recommended(recommend) medications and treatments

just as well as the best doctors, which(=and it) is less likely to make mistakes.

Of course, there is a downside.

AI cannot show concern and care as a human can.

Patients need proper treatments and medications, but they also need compassion.

For this reason, AI will never completely replace human doctors.

 ♥안산고1 중간점검 (어법ver.)♥

[However], we should still take advantage of AI reduce(to reduce) errors within the healthcare
system.
 ♥안산고1 중간점검 (어법ver.)♥

8-3
Unlike most parks, the High Line in New York City does not have sports fields, playground, or
a running track.

It is not even found at street level; rather, it located(is located) high above the streets, and
passes between buildings.

The High Line was original(originally) a train line in Manhattan.

The street it ran along become(became) knowing(known) as “Death Avenue” because

of(because) a number of people was(were) hit by passing trains there.

To stop this, the tracks moved(were moved) onto a structure and it(=that/which) was 10
meters high.

Over time, [however], the line used(was used) less and less, and in 1980 trains stopped to
use(=using) them(it) altogether.

Some people were complained(complained) about the abandoned structure, so the city decided
to tear it down.

But Robert Hammond, a local designer, wanted to keep them(it).

So he started an organization to call(called) Friends of the High Line.

They tried to think of a new use for the structure.

One day Hammond was climbed(climbed) onto it and seen(saw) that it was covered in
beautiful wildflowers.

At that moments, he decided turning(to turn) them(it) into a park.

At first, people opposed his idea, because the park would cost a lot of money to build.

But Hammond explained what(that) the park would be beneficially(beneficial) to the city.

The city government finally decided to support the project.

 ♥안산고1 중간점검 (어법ver.)♥

The park’s first section was opened(opened) to the public in 2009.

The next year, more than two million people visited it.

With a little imagination and some hard work, an old train line turned(was turned) into a
unique public space.
 ♥안산고1 중간점검 (어법ver.)♥

8-4
“Tree-sitting” is one form of demonstration in which(that) people use stopping(to stop) loggers
from cutting down forests.

Perhaps the best knowing(known) of these tree-sitting effort(efforts) taken(took) place in a

wooded area of Northern California.

Here a young woman named Julia “Butterfly” Hill shows(showed) incredible determination and
strengthly(strength) by sitting in a tall redwood for 738 days.

Her efforts saving(saved) the tree and brought worldwide attention to the need to protect our
forests from loggers.

Julia holds the record for the longest tree-sitting effort by one person.

You may think what(that) it is just sitting down, but there is a lot more to tree-sitting than
it(that).

It is a dangerous activity and it(=that) requires lots of strength and courage.

[For example], tree-sitter are often confronted by government officials and angry loggers.

The weather gives it(them) a hard time, too.

Though some days filled(are filled) with pleasant sunshine, another(others) are filled with high
winds and heavy rains, so endurance is a key quality of any tree-sitter.

And there is always the danger of falling from the tree.

Several tree-sitters died(have died) this way in recent years.

Clearly, tree-sitters deserve our appreciation for their efforts because they help(are helping) to
save our forests, that(which) we can’t live without.
 ♥안산고1 중간점검 (어법ver.)♥

9-1
In the film Gravity, two astronauts accidentally drift off into space.

The rope which(=that) attaches its(their) spacesuits to their spacecraft breaks during(while) they
are on a space walk.

Among astronauts, this situation called(is called) “going overboard.”

If this really is happened(happened), the astronauts would float away helpless(helplessly).

Since they would be complete(completely) weightless, kicking and waving wouldn’t help
it(them) changing(chang) direction.

They wouldn’t be able to go back to their spacecraft and might end up to fall(falling) toward
Earth, eventually burning up in the atmosphere.

For this reason, NASA makes all astronauts wear a special emergency jetpack called SAFER.

First, the jetpack stops the astronauts from spinning around and around.

Then it provides them with ability to move through space.

The jetpack has three pounds of fuel, and astronauts carry enough oxygen to breathe for seven
and a half hours.

Using both of these, they can return safely to the spacecraft!

 ♥안산고1 중간점검 (어법ver.)♥

9-2
Polar expeditions contributed(have contributed) great(greatly) to our understanding of science.

[For instance], we now know. a lot more about the effects a polar climate has on people.

In the early days, explorers often are suffered(suffered) from some sort of mental illness.

One cause of the mental illness discovered(was later discovered).

When people aren’t used to live(living) in extremely cold conditions, their bodies use up a lot
of energy to keep warm, that(which) gets rid of all the vitamin(vitamins) in the body.

Depriving(Deprived) of vitamins, the brain can’t work normally, and this can cause depression,
sleep disorder, or rage.

The time spent in total darkness also has a damage(damaging) effect on people’s minds.

Winter in polar regions characterized(is characterized) by permanent night and lasts several
months.

It is not natural for human beings spending(=to spend) long periods of time in the dark.

In northern latitudes, many people get deppressing(depressed) while(during) the dark winter
months.

That is why(because) serotonin, a chemical that believed(is believed) making(to make) people
happy, cannot released(be released) in the body without sunlight.

This type of depression known(is known) as SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder)

 ♥안산고1 중간점검 (어법ver.)♥

9-3
Do you like the smell of vanilla?

How about vanilla ice cream?

What would you think what if(if) I told you that the sweet smell of vanilla could created(be
created) by used(using) cow dung?

It may sound stranely(strange), but it’s true!

Researchers workied(working) with a chemical company in Japan found(have found) a way

producing(to produce) the chemical vanillin from cow dung.

Vanillin is the main component that’s taking(taken) from vanilla beans.

But it can also find(be found) in the dung of animals that eat grass.

The process of extracting it from cow dung is a lot cheaper.

[In fact], the cost of making vanillin from cow dung is less than half the cost of made(making)
it from vanilla beans.

This process is also an effectively(effective) way of recycling cow dung.

After the vanillin obtained(is obtained), the remaining dung can be use(used) as fertilizer for
the soil.

Researchers hope to eventually create a machine and it(=that) will be able to process several
ton(tons) of cow dung a day.

The vanillin these machines produce will smell just like the real thing and could use(be used) in
such products as shampoos and candles, though probably not in food.

Even though it’s the same as the vanillin that come(comes) from vanilla beans, consumers
wouldn’t be very interested in an ice cream that get(gets) its flavor from cow dung.
 ♥안산고1 중간점검 (어법ver.)♥

9-4
Anyone whom(who) enjoys hot food know(knows) what(that) some peppers are hotter than
others.

So, is there any way measure(to measure) their hotness?

The answer is: yes, with the Scoville Heat Unit Scale.

Commonly knowing(known) as the Scoville Scale, it measures the amount of the chemical
capsaicin present in each pepper.

It then represents this number in Scoville heat units (SHU).

The scale introduced(was first introduced) in 1912 by a chemist naming(named) Wilbur Scoville.

Here’s the test: peppers ground(are ground) up and mixed with sugar water.

Testers then sip the solution, it(which/and it) is gradual(gradually) diluted until it no longer
burns their tongues.

Based on how much sugar water required(is required) to dilute each pepper to this level, an
SHU number assigned(is assigned).

These numbers are given in multiples of 100 SHU, and the scores range from zero for sweet
bell peppers to over one million SHU for an extremely spicy pepper knowing(known) as Naga
Jolokia.

Scoville’s system can give a good idea of how hot is a pepper(hot a pepper is).

[However], the problem with it is that it relies on the perceptions of individual tasters.

These days, when people want to measure levels of hotness more accurately, they use
something known as High Performance Liquid Chromatography.

Like the Scoville Scale, it measures capsaicin levels, [but] it does so in a more scientific manner.

[However], in honor of Wilbur Scoville’s work, it also uses “Scovilles” as its unit of
 ♥안산고1 중간점검 (어법ver.)♥

measurement.