PROJECT PROPOSAL

ANALOG DEVICES LAB

GROUP 10:

TEAM MEMBERS:
Rishu Raj (22JE0808)
Riyanshi Gupta (22JE0814)
Rohil Singhal (22JE0819)
TITLE: Simple Sound Amplifier using IC741 op-amp
PURPOSE:
Educational Purpose:
This project serves as a practical and educational exercise for learning about basic audio
amplifier circuits, operational amplifier configurations, and transistor amplifier stages.

Amplification:
The primary goal is to amplify weak audio signals to a level that is sufficient for driving
speakers or other audio output devices.

Operational Amplifier (IC 741):

The IC 741 is employed in an inverting amplifier configuration to provide an initial stage of
amplification. It amplifies the input signal based on the ratio of resistors R1 and R2.

Components used:
1. Bread board
2. Wires
3. Aluminium heat sink
4. 12V Rail to Rail power supply with +12V GND -12V power track
5. 8 Ohms 10 Watt speaker
6. 2pcs 4.7k Resistor 1/4th Watt
7. 2pcs 200R Resistor 1/2th Watt
8. 1pc 47k resistor
9. 10pF capacitor 1pc
10. 3.2k resistor
11. .82uF capacitor
12. TIP127 Transistor
13. TIP122 Transistor
14. LF351 IC with 8 pin IC Base

Components Details:
IC 741 Operational Amplifier:
The IC 741 is a commonly used operational amplifier in electronic circuits. It has two inputs, inverting
(-) and non-inverting (+), and an output pin.

Pin configuration:

Pin 2: Inverting input (-)

Pin 3: Non-inverting input (+)

Pin 4: -V (negative power supply)

Pin 7: +V (positive power supply)

Pin 6: Output

Transistor (NPN Type, e.g., 2N3904):

The transistor is used to provide additional amplification to the signal.

Collector (C), Base (B), Emitter (E) pins are typical for an NPN transistor.

Resistors:
Resistors are used to set the biasing points and control the gain of the amplifier.

Values can be selected based on the desired gain and operating conditions.

Capacitors:
Coupling capacitors are used to block DC components and allow only the AC audio signal to pass
through.

Decoupling capacitors are used to stabilize the voltage supply.

Circuit Diagram:
Circuit Design Steps:
Operational Amplifier Configuration:
Connect the IC 741 in an inverting amplifier configuration.

Connect Pin 2 (inverting input) to the input audio source through coupling capacitor C1.

Connect Pin 3 (non-inverting input) to ground.

Connect Pin 4 (-V) to the negative power supply and Pin 7 (+V) to the positive power supply.

Feedback Resistor (R1) and Input Resistor (R2):

Connect R1 (e.g., 10kΩ) between Pin 2 (inverting input) and Pin 6 (output).

Connect R2 (e.g., 100kΩ) between Pin 6 (output) and ground.

Transistor Stage:
Connect coupling capacitor C2 between the output of the operational amplifier (Pin 6) and the base
of the NPN transistor.

Connect the emitter of the transistor to ground.

Connect the collector of the transistor to the output load (e.g., speaker) through a resistor.

Power Supply Connections:

Connect the positive and negative terminals of the dual power supply to Pins 7 (+V) and 4 (-V) of the
IC 741 and to the appropriate points for the transistor.

Output Load:

Connect the output load, such as a speaker, to the collector of the transistor.

Decoupling Capacitors:
Place decoupling capacitors (small electrolytic capacitors, e.g., 10μF) across the power supply pins of
the IC 741 and the transistor to stabilize the voltage.

Results:
Amplification:
IC 741 amplifies the input signal (inverting configuration).
Transistor provides additional gain.

Frequency Response:(Can be altered)

Determined by coupling capacitors (C1, C2) and component bandwidth.
Conclusion:
The simple sound amplifier using IC 741 offers a basic yet effective solution for audio signal
amplification. The IC 741, configured in an inverting mode, provides initial amplification,
while the transistor enhances the gain. The choice of component values, careful biasing, and
attention to frequency response contribute to the overall performance. Experimentation
with resistor values and component selection allows for customization based on specific
project requirements. This amplifier design serves as a starting point for audio amplification
projects, with potential for further refinement and optimization for specific applications.