EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE FLEXURAL

BEHAVIOUR OF BEAM USING PARTIAL

REPLACEMENT OF COAL ASH WITH CEMENT
by
KOSHY ALEXANDER RA2011001010052
HEMACHANDRAN A RA2011001010053
KOWSIN V RA2011001010069
B.TECH CIVIL ENGINEERING – 18CEP109L - PROJECT
Date: 01.02.2024
UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF
Dr. C. SUDHA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE& TECHNOLOGY
FEBRUARY 2024
 INTRODUCTION
• The experimental study aims to investigate the
flexural behavior of beams when incorporating coal
ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete.
• This project addresses the growing interest in
sustainable construction practices by exploring the
effects of varying percentages of coal ash on the
performance of beams under flexural loading
conditions.
• As sustainability gains importance, investigating
alternative materials like coal ash becomes crucial
for environmentally friendly construction practices.
• The contribution insights into the structural
implications, shedding light on the feasibility and
advantages of utilizing coal ash in enhancing the
flexural characteristics of concrete beams.
• It provide insights into the potential benefits or
challenges associated with incorporating coal
ash in beam production, contributing to the
broader understanding of sustainable
construction practices.
 OBJECTIVES
• To study the properties of coal ash.
• To study the mechanical properties of the partial
replacement of coal ash with cement concrete.
• To study the flexural behaviour of the beam with partial
replacement of coal ash.
 NECESSITY
• Using this material to avoid the wastage of
coal ash.
• It helps understand the structural performance
and potential cost savings associated with
using coal ash.
• This studies can provide insights into the
environmental impact of incorporating coal
ash in concrete production.
 SCOPE
• The use of coal ash in concrete has gained attention
as a sustainable and environmentally friendly
approach in the construction industry.
• The long-term durability and environmental
implications of utilizing coal ash in concrete.
• Involves assessing the impact of coal ash substitution
on the beam's strength, deformation properties and
the effectiveness of coal ash in enhancing the beam's
flexural performance.
 METHODOLOGY
This figure shows that, the methodology of the project
LITERATURE COLLECTION

COLLECTION OF
MATERIALS • PROPERTIES OF CEMENT
• PROPERTIES OF COAL ASH
• PROPERTIES OF FINE
BASIC TESTS AGGREGATE
• PROPERTIES OF COARSE
AGGREGATE

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
• COMPRESSION TEST
OF COAL ASH WITH
• SPLIT TENSILE TEST
PARTIAL REPLACEMENT
• FLEXURE TEST
• IMPACT TEST
FLEXURE TEST ON BEAM

Figure 1: Methodology of the project

 MAJOR DESIGN EXPERIENCE
• The major design experience in the experimental
study involves creating a comprehensive mix design
for concrete incorporating coal ash as a partial
replacement for cement.
• The design process considers factors such as water-
cement ratio, aggregate properties, and other
additives to achieve the desired mechanical and
durability characteristics.
 REALISTIC DESIGN CONSTRAINTS

• Socially Relevant
This project is socially relevant, because the waste
materials which causing health effects on living beings
are recycled and green house gases are reduced.
APPLICATION OF EARLIER COURSE WORKS
Table 1: Application of earlier course works

COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE

18CEC203L Strength of Materials Laboratory

18CEE305J Concrete Technology

18CEC203T Mechanics of Structures

18CEC205T Structural Analysis

18CEC207T Design of RC and Steel Structures

REFERENCE TO CODES AND STANDARDS
Table 2: Codes and Standards

CODE TITLE

SP 16: 1980 Design aids for reinforced concrete

to IS 456: 1978
IS: 456- 2000 Code of practice for plain and
reinforced concrete
IS: 10262- 2009 Guidelines for concrete mix design
proportioning ( cement and
concrete)
IS:516- 2021 Methods of test for strength of
concrete
IS:9013- 1978 Method of making, curing and
determining compressive strength
accelerated cured concrete test
 MULTIDISCIPLINARY AND TEAM WORK

• The interactions with structural engineers to learn

about the necessity of flexural behavior of beam using
partial replacement of coal ash with cement
 EQUIPMENT USED
• Sieve shaker
• Impact value test apparatus
• Compression testing machine
• Universal testing machine
 SCHEDULE OF THE PROJECT
WORK DONE DURATION

Literature study of basic test January - 2024

Mechanical properties February - 2024

Flexural beam March - 2024

Final report preparation April - 2024

 EXPECTED OUTCOME

• Publication in Scopus
 LITERATURE REVIEW
• Ahmad Mousa et al (2023), Coal bottom ash (CBA) is claimed to
carry some pozzolanic qualities that pre-treatment can stimulate. This study
investigates the feasibility of partially replacing ordinary Portland cement
(OPC) with ground CBA to produce CBA-cement paste. A thorough
experimental program was designed to explore the effect of the CBA
source and particle size, liquid-to-binder ratio (l/b), and superplasticiser
(SP) on the 28-day compressive strength of CBA-cement paste.

• PattharaphonChindasiriphanPitcha, Jongvivatsakul,
Bussara Meenyut et al (2023), This study investigates the potential
of using high-volume bottom ash as a supplementary cementitious material
(SCM) and fine aggregate replacement in production of high-strength
concrete. In the first stage, bottom ash quality was improved by sieving
through a No. 50 sieve and grinding to increase fineness. Ground bottom
ash (GBA) replaced ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at 35%, 50%, and
65% by weight to produce high-strength concrete. In the second stage,
coarse bottom ash (CBA) retained by a No. 50 sieve replaced fine
aggregate in an optimum mixture at 20%, 40%, and 60% by volume.
• Didi Yuda Wiranata, Shih-Hsien Yang, Muhammad Zilzaludin Putra
Nugraha, Cagla Meral Akgul et al (2023), Coal fly ash (CFA) and coal bottom
ash (CBA) are coal combustion’s primary solid waste products. This solid waste management
is a substantial challenge for power plants and local authorities. In order to apply coal ash as a
pavement base material, the relationship of the mixture’s mechanical properties with structural
design parameters for pavement design and analysis must be explored. No study has
investigated the mechanical behaviour of the 100% coal ash cement stabilized material
(CACSM) as a pavement base layer. The study consisted of laboratory material
characterization and field evaluation. The mechanical property test revealed that CACSM has
a self-healing ability; coal ash appeared to influence the secondary curing of the specimens
significantly.
• CheahCheeBan, Liew Jia Jia Weerachart, Tangchirapat, Kevin Khaw
Le Ping, Rafat Siddique et al (2022), The combination of ground granulated blast
furnace slag (GGBS) and ground coal bottom ash (GCBA) as cement replacement material is
not reported in the present works on ternary blended cement. Therefore, the present work was
aimed to assess the physical and mechanical properties of cement containing GGBS
anmaterial between d GCBA at various cement replacement ratios. GCBA was used as cement
replacement 0 and 20% by weight of binder in GGBS blended cement. The mechanical and
fluid transport properties of the mortar were examined. The optimum cement replacement
level with GCBA was 10% when water to binder ratio was fixed at 0.4. The incorporation of
GCBA as cement replacement material in combination with GGBS enhanced both the
mechanical and physical properties as compared to GGBS binary blended cement mortar.
Mahdi Rafieizonooz, Elnaz Khankhaje, Shahabaldin Rezania et al (2023),
Cement and aggregates are the essential materials for concrete production. Besides,
industrial wastes supplant construction materials. Investigating the engineering
properties and environmental aspects of concrete produced with waste materials is
required. Thus, this study researched the leaching, chemical, and physical properties of
the coal power plant wastes and concrete containing coal ashes. leaching test results
did not demonstrate any leaching trace elements and heavy metals to the environment
from BA, FA, and coal ash concrete. The FA and BA had the potential as cement and
fine aggregate replacements, respectively. Using coal ashes (FA and BA), sustainable
and green concrete can be made having advantages, such as reducing the final cost
production of concrete and utilizing fewer natural resources.

Abdul Muiz Hasim a , Khairul Anuar Shahid et al (2022), Coal waste has
gained interest as an alternative aggregate for concrete production. Still, a topic that
has been less researched is the serviceability of concrete containing coal waste, and the
main concern is whether the namely coal bottom ash (CBA) aggregate affects the
cracking of concrete beams. This research aims to elucidate the mechanical properties
of concrete with the inclusion of CBA and its cracking mechanism on beams. Thus,
concrete specimens were designed into four distinct combination replacements
between half (50 %) and full (100 %) of coarse and fine CBA aggregate with the
addition of 20 % fly ash to the cement amount.
 REFERENCES
1. Ahmad Mousa(2023), Utilization of coal bottom ash from thermal power plants as
a cement replacement for building: A promising sustainable practice, Journal of
Building Engineering, Vol. No.74, Issue No 5, pp. 1-15.
2. Pattharaphon Chindasiriphan Pitcha Jongvivatsakul, Bussara Meenyut , Shanya
Orasutthikul, Weerachart Tangchirapat (2023), Influences of high-volume coal
bottom ash as cement and fine aggregate replacements on strength and heat
evolution of eco-friendly high-strength concrete, Journal of Building Engineering,
Vol. no.65,Issue No 7, pp. 1-19.
3. Didi Yuda Wiranata , Shih-Hsien Yang Muhammad Zilzaludin Putra Nugraha ,
Cagla Meral Akgul. Tainan, Taiwan, Ho Yu Hsien(2022) , Use of coal ash cement
stabilized material as pavement base material: Laboratory characterization and
field evaluation, Construction and Building Materials,vol.No.344,Isssue No
15,pp.25-39.
4. IS 10262 (2009): Guidelines for concrete mix design proportioning [ Cement and
Concrete].
5. IS 456 (2000): Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice [Cement and
Concrete]
THANK U