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Academic Papers Compilation

Denzel Gavin F. Balatbat

12 – HUMSS B
English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Mr. Edwin Delmonte
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction 3
Essay 4
Concept Paper 6
Reaction Paper 9
Position Paper 10
Report 11
Research Paper 12
Reflection 14
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INTRODUCTION

Academic papers are written documents that present the findings, arguments, or
opinions of scholars or researchers on various topics. They are intended to communicate
their knowledge and insights to their peers or the academic community at large. Academic
papers can have different purposes, formats, and styles depending on the discipline,
audience, and context. In this compilation, I will present six types of academic papers that
are commonly used in different fields and situations.

An essay is a paper that provides a well-organized and coherent analysis of a topic,

often using evidence from sources to support the main points. Essays can be descriptive,
narrative, expository, or argumentative depending on the purpose and mode of writing. A
concept paper is a paper that proposes a new idea, project, or research topic and explains
its significance, objectives, and methods. Concept papers are often used to seek funding or
approval from potential sponsors or collaborators. A reaction paper is a paper that expresses
the personal thoughts, feelings, or opinions of the writer on a specific text, event, or issue.
Reaction papers are often used to demonstrate the writer’s understanding and critical
thinking skills. A position paper is a paper that presents a particular stance or perspective on
a controversial or debatable issue. Position papers are often used to persuade or influence
the reader to agree with the writer’s point of view. A report is a paper that provides factual
information about a specific subject, situation, or problem. Reports are often used to inform
or instruct the reader about the results, findings, or recommendations of an investigation,
experiment, or project. A research paper is a paper that involves the collection, analysis, and
interpretation of data to answer a research question or test a hypothesis. Research papers
are often used to contribute new knowledge or discoveries to a specific field of study.
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ESSAY

Why Study Humanities?

PapersOwl

Critical thinking, an understanding of art and human nature, as well as an idea of ??our
place in society and in the natural world are the most important characteristics of an
educated person.
Historically, the humanities and general education subjects have contributed to the
development of such a personality. However, what is happening in universities today raises
very real concerns.
As noted by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, there are at least three reasons
for the decline in the number of students choosing humanities as their majors.
The first reason. The scientific community, and especially public institutions of higher
education, relinquish responsibility for managing curriculum and curriculum development
work. Over the past 30 years, professional disciplines such as business and engineering
have destroyed a number of core curricula and tailored courses to meet specific needs.
The second reason. Administrators and even state legislators emphasize that general
education (the traditional liberal arts disciplines that make up the “core,” such as English and
history) can be limited to high school and secondary education. In such a case, higher
education should be aimed at preparing for work.
The third reason. The humanities and social sciences are clearly not doing enough to
stimulate interest in the disciplines studied within their framework.
At the University of Florida, we had to push for state law to bring the liberal arts back into the
curriculum. All students are now required to complete a 12-hour course and pass credit.
Bernie Mahen's analysis hits the spot. The basic curriculum at public universities has been
reduced, and general education subjects are increasingly being taught in community
colleges. To counter this trend, Clemson University (like the University of Florida and other
universities) has developed new programs. In our case, these are interdisciplinary research
programs for students, implemented within the framework of the Creative Search initiative.
Think about this. The market value of Apple Inc has reached $ 770 billion today. It is the
most valuable company in the world and is worth more than Exxon and Berkshire Hathaway
combined.
But when he unveiled his iPad in 2010, founder Steve Jobs himself said: “It's in Apple's DNA
that technology alone isn't enough. We need technology combined with general education,
combined with the humanities, and it produces results that make our hearts sing.
Humanities rule the world, set goals for humanity, come up with social and moral concepts.
Without this - nowhere.
Also, the humanitarian sphere is a weapon, and a very powerful weapon. Your country can
rivet thousands of tanks, but if your people are fooling their heads with the wrong ideas,
there will be no use for tanks.
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In the end, it's not just Western students who are lying on the grass and discussing some
distant questions about literature, philosophy, and so on. Then these guys will take their
positions and start working: in one corner of the world they will arrange a small war, in
another - a revolution, in the third - also a revolution, but only sexual. Etc.
In general, the more people doubt the needs of the humanities, the better and more
profitable it is for those peoples who do not doubt them.
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CONCEPT PAPER

INITIATIVES TO ENHANCE PARTICIPATION OF ACADEMIA IN CAPACITY BULDING

ACTIVITIES OF ITU/BDT

1. Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to propose a concrete strategy and initiatives for engaging the
Academia in the capacity building activities of ITU/BDT. This engagement with the Academia
is an extension of the capacity building work being carried out under the ITU Academy since
its launch in 2012.

2. Background
I. ITU engagement with the Academia started in earnest with the adoption of
Resolution 169 at ITU Plenipotentiary 2010 in Guadalajara. This resolution admitted “…
Academia, universities and their associated research establishments to participate in
ITU’s work”. Since then, more than 85 Academia participants from 41 countries have joined
one or more of the three ITU sectors.
II. In 2012, ITU launched the ITU Academy to bring all the training activities under one
umbrella. This was designed to ensure that capacity building is delivered in a structured,
coordinated and integrated manner, and to guarantee that such training is of the highest
level of quality.
III. As the primary business of Academia is learning, it follows that the ITU Academy and
academia find common ground to collaborate in capacity building.
IV. The first capacity building Forum for the Academia was organized by BDT in Prague,
from 28-29 April 2014, under the banner “Fostering Innovation and Partnerships in Human
Capacity Building: Enhanced Engagement of Academia in the International
Telecommunication Union”. During this event, members of the Academia showed a lot of
interest in working with ITU Academy, in developing close mutual relationships and in being
members of the CoEs network.

3. Strategic Initiatives with Academia

In order to strengthen the role of Academia in the capacity building work of ITU some
concrete strategies and initiatives are hereby proposed:

 Development of a Trends in Capacity Building publication;

 Establishing an Online Dialogue Platform for the Academia;
 Convening a meeting of the Academia
These initiatives are designed to tap into and leverage on the research, innovation and
knowledge base of the academia and contribute to capacity building efforts of ITU. Below is
a consideration of each of these initiatives.
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a) Trends in Capacity Building publication

New technologies are emerging as the world gets more digitally connected. While so much
is said and written about these technologies, there is a grey area with respect to the
implications and challenges of building human and institutional capacity in this emerging
environment. Sometimes the developmental impact of these technologies are affected by
this lack of capacity.
BDT plans to launch a newsletter/publication focusing on the capacity building issues in the
emerging technologies that have currency and relevance.
Some examples of areas/topics that could be considered for the publication include the
impact of Internet of Things (IOT), Big Data, Regulatory Issues, Smart cities/societies, Digital
Competencies, Open source learning and intellectual property rights on institutional and
human capacity building.
The academia will be invited to make contributions of articles to this publication. This
approach was applied in the publication on “Skills Development, Lifelong Learning and
Mobile Technology”, where each of the chapters was a contribution by experts largely from
the Academia.
In the course of making this publication, and in order to ensure quality of the contributions
and value addition to the work, the following steps shall be taken:

 An editorial board will be constituted in consultation with GCBI and other members of
the Academia as agreed by the GCBI, to evaluate the submissions and select those
that will be published.
 The papers to be written and published will be used as input documents to the Global
Human Capacity Building Forum. A special session will be created specifically for
academic discussions of the papers. The best of the papers could also win some
awards.
 For the first publication, the theme is kept broad to attract a wide spectrum of
contributions.
 Participating academia institutions could also feature their own articles and stories in
the publication, featuring some innovations, new ideas, or case studies that they may
have.
 The publication will also feature work jointly done by both ITU Academy and
Academia, such as joint development of training materials, as well as delivery of
programs. There are groundbreaking collaborative efforts between ITU Academy and
Academia that are not finding the right avenues for publicity, such as the Joint
delivery of the Masters in Communications Management (eMCM) program with
UKTA, and the soon to be signed collaboration with Czech Technical University
(CTU) for the delivery of the Spectrum Management Training Program (SMTP). This
publication will also be the mouthpiece for showcasing the capacity building work
contributed to by industry in collaboration with Academia.

b) Creating an Online Dialogue Platform for the Academia

One initiative designed to bring Academia to participate in capacity building activities through
sharing of knowledge and experiences, is the creation of an online Forum/Community, to
bring together Academia to exchange ideas on chosen topics for discussion. This is
designed to develop knowledge networks between academics, industry, students and ITU
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membership in general. An example would be issues relating to the challenges relating to

the transition from of Analogue to Digital Broadcasting, where perspectives from different
regions could be discussed, and ideas shared across continents. The ITU Academy upgrade
has created this new functionality. On this portal, Universities that have Corporation
Agreements and/or projects with ITU can show case activities related to their cooperation.
While this acts as a marketing platform for the Universities, it also provides ITU membership
with up-to-date information on the work of the Universities. This way we also provide these
partner institutions with some visibility.

4. Convening a meeting/forum of the Academia

A global meeting of the Academia is to be convened where these initiatives will be discussed
and presented. This meeting will be open to all members of the academia. The forum will
deliberate further the above strategies as well as efforts made to date to address
recommendations of the Prague event.

5. Involving the Group on Capacity Building Initiatives (GCBI)

It would be strategic to involve GCBI in the initiatives related to the engagement of the
Academia. The arguments for the involvement of GCBI are contained in an annex to this
document. But it is important to recap at this moment that GCBI has just complemented an
oversight role for the new Centres of Excellence strategy, and this would be building on that.
Further, GCBI is made up of a number of members of the Academia, and they would be a
rich resource to tap into in how best to attract the Academia. As GCBI is a product of WTDC
and reports to TDAG, this is a good way of having the capacity building with the Academia
discussed at a membership level. For this reason, it would also be ideal for GCBI to meet
and agree on this as an approach, and adopt these three initiatives. This meeting may be
held back to back with the Forum above. However, it is perhaps more useful to have the
GCBI meeting in advance of the Academia Forum so that GCBI inputs into the strategies for
attracting the Academia, and their assistance can be part of the planning for the forum.

6. Implement Roadmap
An implementation Roadmap has v been created for these initiatives, based on anticipated
engagement timelines with GCBI. This Roadmap is based mainly on Outcomes, and does
not include the processes and activities taking place leading to those outcomes. The final
point is the Global forum, which is expected to take place in September 2016.

7. Conclusion
In embarking on the above initiatives, we hope to strengthen the role of the Academia in the
capacity building work of ITU. All these initiatives, will feed into the Global Forum on Human
Capacity Development, thus creating synergies with all the other capacity building activities
under the ITU Academy, such as the Centres of Excellence, Internet training Centres, and
activities under regional initiatives. The Academia will become an integral part of the Global
Forum going forward.
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REACTION PAPER

LIFE OF PI REACTION PAPER: THE COMPLEX RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMANS

AND ANIMALS

Introduction
The book and movie that I've compared is Life Hot or Pi. This story is a genre: body & mind
travelogue, loneliness, and fantasy reality. The first edition of this book took place in 2003
and had as many as 348 pages. The Story of Life of Pi won the Booker Prize in 2002. In
2012, the book was made into a film. The story takes place in Canada, where the writer asks
Pi Spatula to share his life story.
Survival Amidst Unlikely Companionship
Pi begins to tell about his childhood in Pondicherry in India and what his nickname owes.
One day, the municipality decided to support the zoo and no longer needed his father to tell
him, regretting the news. They decided to move to Canada and the animals. Along with the
animals, they jump aboard a Japanese cargo ship. Suddenly, a violent storm was followed
by a shipwreck. Fortunately, this together survives a male Bengal tiger nicknamed Richard
Parker. They are adrift in the Pacific Ocean and must find a way to survive. Similarities:
Someone who was very important in the story is Richard Parker. In the beginning, I was very
afraid of Pi Richard Parker. He has several times given the courage to survive while a tiger
in his near attacked him. He once looked like Pi at the zoo for tigers. Pl wanted to introduce
Richard Parker once and put his arm through the bars, but z fortunately, Pi survives a male
Bengal tiger nicknamed Richard Parker. They are adrift in the Pacific Ocean and must find a
way to survive.
Similarities
Someone who was very important in the story is Richard Parker. In the beginning, I was very
afraid of Pi Richard Parker. He has several times given the courage to survive while a tiger
in his near attacked him. He once looked like Pi at the zoo for tigers. Pl wanted to introduce
Richard Parker once and put his arm through the bars, but z fortunately, Pi survives a male
Bengal tiger nicknamed Richard Parker. They are adrift in the Pacific Ocean and must find a
way to survive. Similarities: Someone who was very important in the story is Richard Parker.
Conclusion
In the beginning, I was very afraid of Pi Richard Parker. He has several times given the
courage to survive while a tiger in his near attacked him. He once looked like Pi at the zoo
for tigers. Pl wanted to introduce Richard Parker once and put his arm through the bars, but
z He has several times given the courage to survive while a tiger in his near attack him. He
once looked like Pi at the zoo for tigers. Pl wanted to introduce Richard Parker once and put
his arm through the bars, but z He has several times given the courage to survive while a
tiger in his near to attack him. once looked like Pi at the zoo for tigers. Pl wanted to introduce
Richard Parker once and put his arm through the bars, but Z.
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POSITION PAPER

Committee: General Plenary

Topic: Open-Eradication of Poverty
Country: Thailand
School: Houston High School
Name: Johnny Student

Eradication of poverty was a high priority of development worldwide in the 1990s, yet the
extent of the problem is still deeply ingrained in many developing countries. To eliminate the
problem completely, public awareness and a complete understanding of the issue itself are
required. Currently, people are ignorant to some of the main roots of poverty: environment
and lack of a gender focus that women are especially deprived of required needs. Thailand
supports a continued effort from the United Nations towards the eradication of poverty by
increasing environmental protection and control, continuing to increase awareness on the
issue, and focusing on the women linked to poverty.
The eradication of poverty must begin by attacking the groups most affected by the problem.
Women compose the “majority of the 1.5 billion people living on one dollar a day or less.”
These women are denied access to resources of credit, land, and inheritance. They lack
access to education and other services and hardly have any participation in decision making
for their communities. Thailand is aware that efforts have been made to direct the focus of
poverty onto women’s conditions in various countries such as Cameroon, Madagascar, and
Niger, who have identified women as a specific target group in their national poverty
eradication programs as per the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing held in
1995. Yet many countries, especially those of the Middle East, continue to withhold women’s
rights. Therefore Thailand believes that the UN should take actions in globalizing the need to
focus on poverty of women. As the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Thailand Dr. Surakiart
Sathirathai stated at the fifty- seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly,
“poverty eradication can never succeed unless there are genuine efforts neighborly,
regionally, and globally”.
Women must first and foremost have autonomy; because this is often denied to them, the
focus should be on providing access to educational and economic opportunities, major
factors in rising out of poverty. In the successful actions of Thailand’s National Commission
on Women’s Affairs, programs such as Village Welfare Assistance Centers helped to
increase women self- employment and involvement in community problems. The female
labor force participation has increased to 67 percent, “higher than any other country in East
Asia.” Based on the results of these programs, the United Nations should take on similar
actions to a global scale.
To completely and effectively eradicate poverty, Thailand believes that the United Nations
must begin to act on a global level. The important parts of the problem are believed to be
environmental and overcoming poverty; thus they should be tackled first.
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REPORT

Pepsico Wants to Sell Healthy Food, Consumers Want Chips

Mike Esterl

Food manufacturing giants such as PepsiCo, Coca Cola and Nestle SA are injecting more
healthy foods into the market. For example, Diet Coke and Pepsi Zero Sugar produced by
Coca Cola and PepsiCo respectively have less amount of calories and promise consumers
nutritious benefits. But how is the push for more healthy products faring in the market? Are
consumers ready to abandon taste for more healthy products? After analyzing the profit
margins of the two categories of products one will realize that tasty products trump healthy
products. This essay thus presents a review of an article that summarizes PepsiCo attempts
of filling stores’ shelves with more healthy products.
The appointment of Indra Nooyi as the company’s CEO back in 2006 ushered in a new era
for PepsiCo (Esterl par. 12). A company that has long been associated with the not-so-
healthy products such as Doritos and Cheetos will be making a move to invest in healthy,
“good for you” products such as protein bars and drinks, vegetable crisps and oatmeal
(Esterl par. 12). Ms. Nooyi appeared determined about making PepsiCo. a healthy business,
as her first actions in office, were to send R&D teams to Iceland, India, Africa and the
Amazon to study seaweed, Ayurvedic medicine, ancient grains, fruit, and berries
respectively (Esterl par.14). In her early years in office, she pushed for production of healthy
products and acquisitions of businesses that were making similar attempts such as KeVita
Inc (Esterl par. 7). Ms. Nooyi even went ahead to propose a merger with Nestle SA, which
the latter was opposed to fearing the move will hurt its corporate image. Amidst these
healthy business strides that Ms. Nooyi was pushing for, she had to cut the profit targets of
the company, two years in a row.
The company’s profitability took a hit. Some of the highest performing divisions of the
company such as Frito-Lay North America had their sales take a nose dive. It wasn’t long
before the issue angered shareholders. The CEO’s talk about healthy products was a
“distraction” that was affecting the company’s performance. Investors including Mr. Peltz, a
principal of Trian Fund Management, began a campaign to split PepsiCo (Esterl par. 17).
Following the push from investors, Ms. Nooyi stopped talking about healthy products and
shifted focus to the highly performing brands. Once the company was back on track and
most of its performance and profit targets had been met and surpassed, the pressure from
investors subsided. Former executives of the company acknowledge that the healthy food
industry is a multi-billion industry, but investments in the industry have to be done with great
caution (Esterl par. 20). As a rational shareholder, my investment strategies would be guided
by the principle of wealth maximization.
I would advise the company to pursue any avenues that would increase my value of stock
and divest away from projects that will hurt the stock price. In summary, I would be of the
opinion that the company should concentrate on the “bad for you” products that will put more
money in my pocket and those of other shareholders. However, my position would change if
I were a medical provider or consumer health advocate. In such a scenario, I would advise
the company to operate ethically and socially responsible and play its role in reducing the
level of obesity in the society. I would recommend the company to focus more on healthy
foods such as granola bars instead of non-nutritious salty chips.
(https://www.wowessays.com/free-samples/free-report-on-pepsico-article/)
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RESEARCH PAPER

AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Eni Ismayanti, Abdul Kholiq

Abstract
This research aims to describe the students’ difficulties in writing descriptive text and to find
out the causes of students’ difficulties in writing descriptive text. This research uses
quantitative descriptive methods. The research subjects are X MIPA 6 students of SMAN 1
Sukodadi who had difficulties when writing descriptive text, the data of this research are the
result of students’ worksheet and the students’ answer in interview. This research used
documentation and interview to collect the data. Data reduction, data display and drawing
conclusion was used to analyze the data. The result of this research shows that the students
of X MIPA 6 have difficulty in writing descriptive text, the difficulties are difficulties in generic
structure, difficulties in grammar, and difficulties in spelling. While the factors that cause the
students’ difficulties in writing descriptive text are lack of proficiency in the text production
skills, lack of knowledge relating to the subject contents of the script to be written, and lack
of interest in learning English.
Keywords: Students’ difficulties, descriptive text

Introduction
This research paper is about the difficulties that students face in writing descriptive
text, which is a type of text that describes specific things, people, or places. The researchers
emphasize the importance of writing as a skill for English language learners and review
previous studies and theories related to descriptive text, writing difficulties, and writing
strategies. They also explain the generic structure and language features of descriptive text.
The research questions and objectives are to describe the students’ difficulties in writing
descriptive text and to identify the factors that cause them. The research is significant for
both teachers and students.

Method
This qualitative descriptive study investigates the difficulties and causes of writing
descriptive text among 35 students of X MIPA 6 class of SMAN 1 Sukodadi. The data are
collected from the students’ worksheets and interviews, and analyzed using data reduction,
data display, and conclusion drawing/verification.

Discussion
The researchers discuss the findings of their study, which show that the students
have difficulties in writing descriptive text in terms of generic structure, grammar, and
spelling. They compare their results with previous studies and theories related to descriptive
text, writing difficulties, and writing strategies. They also identify the factors that cause the
students’ difficulties, such as lack of proficiency in text production skills, lack of knowledge
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about the subject content, and lack of interest in learning English. They suggest some
implications and recommendations for teachers and students to improve their writing skills
and overcome their difficulties.

Conclusion

The students’ difficulties in writing descriptive text at tenth grade students of SMAN 1
Sukodadi are:

1) The difficulties in generic structure. It’s mean that the student can’t make a descriptive with
correct generic structure.

2) The difficulties in grammar. It’s mean that the student can’t arrange the word correctly and can’t
arrange simple present tense sentences correctly.

3) The difficulties in spelling.

It’s mean that the students can’t write the correct word in English. The factor that caused the
students’ difficulties in writing descriptive text at tenth grade students of SMAN 1 Sukodadi are:

1) Lack of proficiency in text production skills. It is mean the student is lack of the proficiency in
grammar and lack of the proficiency of how to arrange correct word and sentence.

2) Lack of knowledge relating to the subject content of the script to be written.

It is mean that the students not understand well about the material of descriptive text.

3) Lack of interest in learning English. It is mean that the students not interest in learning English at
school.

Ismayanti, E. (2020, June 30). AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN

WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT. Ismayanti | E-LINK JOURNAL.

http://jurnalpendidikan.unisla.ac.id/index.php/elink/article/view/260/219
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REFLECTION

This task of compiling 6 different types of academic papers was quite time-
consuming but rewarding. I learned about different sources of information, now my database
knowledge is not limited to mainstream search engines such as Google Scholar, ERIC, etc. I
also somewhat enjoyed scanning the examples, as I saw various writing formats and
structures, how each type provides facts and support their claim.

The only challenge I went through during this activity was finding reliable sources.
There were little results for the other academic papers, most were scamming sites or ad-
sites. I used a variety of tools and strategies to overcome this dilemma, such as entering the
URL in a URL Safety Detector. Overall, I learned and gained a new skill after this activity,
despite it being comprehensive.