POST QUALIFICATION WORK EXPERIENCE

REPORT

PRESENTED TO THE NIGERIA SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS

BY

IGWE UCHENNA .U.

B.ENG (PETROLEUM)

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE CONDITION FOR

REGISTRATION AS A CORPORATE MEMBER OF THE NIGERIA
SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS

SEPTEMBER, 2018.

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 CERTIFICATION

I hereby certify that the work described herein is the true representation of my
working experience upon graduation from the university in partial fulfillments for
registration as a corporate member of the Nigeria society of Engineers.

Certified by…………………………………………………………………

Name …………………………………………………………………

Signature …………………………………………………………………

Date …………………………………………………………………

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 DEDICATION

This report is dedicated to the Almighty God, for his grace, love and provision. I

say thank you Lord and to my lovely wife Chioma Mildred Uchenna Igwe for

standing by me.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, I want to appreciate Prof Adewale Dosunmu for his guidance and
my heartfelt gratitude goes to my parents Mr. and Mrs. Igwe Augustine.
My appreciation also goes to friends, Charles Eme, Basil Ihejirika , Paul Fekete,
Odagme Baridor and Chimaroke Anyanwu who at different times contributed and
supported me.

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 ABSTRACT

This report presents a partial documentation of problems encountered and steps taken to solve
them. The experience stated is broadly based on experiences acquired in the oil and gas
industry and construction industry.

The report have been divided into two parts, one deals with the problems encountered in the
planning stage of a well and its solutions , while the other is a report on a construction project I
was part of in the course of my work.

Furthermore, sample projects on each of the two sections highlighted above will also be
discussed.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT.
TITLE PAGE

CERTIFICATION

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENT

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER ONE

BIOGRAPHY PERSONAL PROFILE

1.1.AIM AND OBJECTIVE

1.2.SCOPE OF PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO

2.1.0 .WELL PLANNING EXPERIENCE ON WELL Z IN ONSHORE NIGER DELTA

2.1.1.RESPONSIBILITY

2.1.2. WELLBORE INSTABILITY

2.1.3. CAUSES OF INSTATTBILITY

2.1.4.PARAMETER FOR DEVELOPING A MODEL FOR ENSURING AGAINST BOREHOLE

COLLAPSE/FRACTURE

2.1.5.DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR WEAK BEDDING PLANE

2.1.6.ROCK STRENGTH FOR WEAK BEDDING PLANE

2.1.7.MINIMUM MUD PRESSURE WITH CONSIDERATION OF STRENGTH ANISOTROPY OF WEAK

PLANES

2.1.8 .MUD PRESSURE FOR DEVIATED WELL

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2.1.9 .PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

2.2 .TENDER PREPARATION

2.2.1 RESPONSIBILITY

2.3.0. EROSION CONTROL PROJECT AT ACHI

2.3.1. RESPONSIBILITY

2.3.2.SCOPE OF WORK

2.4.0. SURFACE RESTORATION JOB AT IGBO-GI-IGBO AT ENUGU STATE

2.4.1.RESPONSIBILITY

2.4.2.SCOPE OF WORK

2.5.0.CONCLUSION

REFERENCE

LIST OF FIGURES
FIG. 2.1.1 SHOWING RESULTS OF DESIGNED MUD WEIGHT TO PREVENT SHEAR

FAILURE IN BEDDING PLANE

FIG. 2.1.2 SHOWING CALCULATED UCS FOR BEDDING PLANE INTERVAL

FIG. 2.1.3 SHOWING THE MUD WINDOW FOR HORIZONTAL WELLS

FIG. 2.1.4 SHOWING THE MINIMUM MUD PRESSURE REQUIREMENT

FIG. 2.1.5 SHOWING THE MINIMUM MUD PRESSURE REQUIREMENT

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 2.1.1 SHOWING THE DATA USED FOR THE CASE STUDY WELL Z

TABLE2.3.1 B.E.M.E FOR PROJECT 2.3

Table 2.4.1 B.E.M.E For Project 2.4

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 CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
All engineering field are solution oriented, be it Petroleum or Civil engineering.
We aim at creating a safe and improved work or living environment. As problem
solvers, Engineers plan, design and construct major structures that are essential in
our everyday lives. Over the course of history, engineers have made significant
contribution and improvement to the environment and the world we live today.
Due to the fact that the final result of any project will directly or indirectly affects
lives, safety becomes a critical issues.

So be it planning how to drilling a well, constructing a road or drainage. They are

all important engineering activities.

This technical report is a partial fulfillment for the Nigerian Society of Engineers, it
is a documentation of my responsibility and hand-on experience in the practice of
Engineering for the past six years. However, before work experience, I obtained a
degree in Petroleum Engineering at Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo
State.

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 SUMMARY OF SCHOOLS ATTENDED/QUALIFICATIONS
OBTAINED WITH DATE
University of Port Harcourt / (Msc) in Petroleum engineering 2011-2015

Federal University of Technology Owerri / B.Eng in Petroleum Engineering

2003-2008

Community Secondary School Obite-Etche / SSCE 1994-1999

Community primary school Rumuobiakani PH./ F S L C 1888-1993

Within ten years, I have acquired experience in different areas of engineering

practice. This includes and not limited to my field alone,general engineering
construction, and safty.

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1.1 AIM OF PROJECT
The society at large seeks to know the professional it should deal with in the
execution of project relating to the engineering practice and Nigeria makes it
compulsory for every professional to be registered. The aim of registration is to
enable the writer develop in his field of study as an Engineer and also to have
an immense contribution as a professional Engineer in Nigeria and the world in
general.

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1.2 SCOPE OF PROJECT

The project gives an overview of my postgraduate work experience and covers the

requirement to be a corporate member of the Nigerian Society of Engineers.

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 Chapter 2

2.1Project 1:Well Planning Experience on Well Z in Onshore Niger Delta.

2.1.1Responsibility:

 To determine the minimum value in the mud window that can prevent shear

failure & wellbore slip or slip shear failure in weak bedding planes.

 Develop a computer model to take into account rock properties, which are

typically anisotropic bedding planes.

 Minimize well instability due to bedding plane weakness in well planning and

thereby reduce NPT and overall well cost

2.1.2 WELLBORE INSTABILITY.

A well is said to be unstable when it’s over or under caged and when there have

been break out.

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2.1.3Causes of wellbore Instability

 Natural factors of faulted formation

 Mobile formation

 Naturally over pressured shale

 Collapse

 Induced over pressured shale collapse

 Bottom hole pressure (mud density)

 Well inclination and azimuth

 Transient pore pressure

 Physical, chemical rock fluid interaction

 Drill string vibration

 Temperature

 Erosion.

well z in onshore Niger Delta is a well whose Planes of weakness are directly

related to the well´s trajectory. It was important to develop a method to predict the

attack angle - during the design phase. Weak bedding plane have more effect on

horizontal wellbore .When considering the weak bedding plane in horizontal and

inclined wellbore, the formation collapse pressure is higher (especially angles

greater than 40o )

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2.1.4Parameter For Developing A Model For Ensuring Against Borehole

Collapse/Fracture:

1. The in-situ stress: overburden stress, maximum horizontal stress, Minimum

horizontal stress;

2. Pore pressure;

3. In-situ stress orientation;

4. Wellbore trajectory and bedding and weak plane directions;

5. Relevant rock strength Data.

2.1.5.DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR WEAK BEDDING PLANE

Developing a model for weak bedding plane involves

 Calculating the minimum mud pressure of the week plane

 Use the value of to calculate the UCS weak plane

 And this UCS was used to calculate the UCSmax of the shale

 The UCSmax was now used to model the mud window for bedding plane

while also considering the angle of the bedding plane.

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 (2.1)

model for the bedding plane(Source: James et al 2011).

2.1.6 ROCK STRENGTH FOR WEAK BEDDING PLANE

The rock strength for weak bedding planes can be calculated using the correlation

by James Lang et al (2011)

( 2.2)

= is the uniaxial compressive strength at for bedding plane

= is the angle between the stress concentration orientation to bedding

= 90o represents loading parallel to bedding

=0o represents loading perpendicular to bedding and

= is the maximum strength at any orientation

=is the minimum strength at any orientation

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Depth interval (ft) 5400 – 5500

σH (Mpa) 40.72

39.36
σh (Mpa)

Pore pressure (Mpa) 20

UCS (Mpa) 22

Internal friction angle ∅ 300

Weak bedding plane angle to σH 370

Cohesion Sw (Mpa) 13.122

Internal friction angle of bedding planes φw 150

Fig 2.1.1 showing the data used for the case study well Z

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2.1.7 MINIMUM MUD PRESSURE WITH CONSIDERATION OF

STRENGTH ANISOTROPY OF WEAK PLANES

𝒌𝟏=𝒒∥∕𝒒⟘

𝒌𝟐=𝑼𝑪𝑺𝒎𝒊𝒏∕𝑼𝑪𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒙

𝒒∥ = the strength with the bedding parallel to the sample axis

𝒒⟘= the strength with the bedding perpendicular to the sample axsis

(2.3)

Where:

= minimum mud pressure with consideration of strength anisotropy of

weak planes (shear failure gradient with strength anisotropy)

φ = angle of internal friction

pp= Pore pressure

ϴ = angle between the stress concentration and the bedding plane see figure3.7

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ol

Fig. 2.1.1 showing results of designed mud weight to prevent shear failure in bedding plane

Fig. 2.1.2 showing calculated UCS for bedding plane interval

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Fig. 2.1.3 Showing the mud window for horizontal wells

Table 2.1.2 Showing results for calculated Mud weight to prevent slip failure

Failure Preventing Mud Failure Preventing Mud

Depth (Ft)
Weight(Mpa) Weight(Psi)

8350 25.1747 3651.3013

8360 25.1747 3651.3013

8370 25.1747 3651.3013

8380 25.1747 3651.3013

8390 25.1747 3651.3013

8400 25.1747 3651.3013

8410 25.1747 3651.3013

8420 25.1747 3651.3013

Based on the results analysis, mud weight at a particular depth can be predicted .

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Fig. 2.1.4 showing the minimum mud pressure requirement

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2.1.8 MUD PRESSURE FOR DEVIATED WELLS

The model was used to determine collapse and fracture pressures for deviated

wells since bedding plane effects is predominant in deviated wells

Fig. 2.1.5 Showing the minimum mud pressure requirement

2.1.9Problems Encountered

1.Difficulties in pressure prognosis and determination of uncertainty in mud

window of weak bedding plane

2.Data availability

3.Inability to find an existing model that can be used to develop this software

4. Interpolating real time value to work on this software

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2.2 Job title : Tender Preparation

Company : Neotouch Engineering Limited

Position : Tendering Engineer

2.2.1 Responsibility :

 develop winning strategy

 Review and manage the customers enquiry processed into a costed

workable solution.

 Produce and submit a detailed response to the enquiry documentation and

provide answer to subsequent request for clarification.

 To act as the company’s internal contact during bidding process

 To develop and maintain relationships with the engineers and decision

makers within the customers organisations.

 Assist the engineering department where necessary

 Carry out regular proposal follow ups

 Update and upgrade company certifications and documentations

 Raise companys’ payment certificates

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Our clients ranges from oil and gas multinationals, including our own NNPC to

federal government agency (NDDC & River Basin Authorities).

At the end of every bidding seasons, I accept award letters on behalf of the

company and in turn make acceptance letters to the client. Identify the engineer in

charge of our site and go for site hand over.

There was no much problem associated with this job task so far.

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2.3 Job title : Erosion Control Project At Achi

Company : Neotouch Engineering Limited

Position : Assistant Site Engineer

2.3.1 Responsibility:

 Daily work planning

 Monitoring and supervision for specific job

 Daily report writing .

2.3.2 Scope of Works:

The main work carried out in this project in accordance with the contract

agreement can be enumerated as fellows;

1. Total length of road 2,400m

2. Site clearing and earthwork 2,400m

3. Provision of naturally occurring laterite materials as sub base

4. Provision of naturally occurring laterite materials as base course

5. Road side drain 400m

6. 900mm dia. Ring culvert; 20m

7. Asphalt overlay of 50mm thickness; 400m

The erosion control work along Ujiri Market Square- Ndibe Ekwelle –Achi, Oji

River LGA, Enugu State consist of 2.4km road with associated side drain and

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storm –water drainage channel. The road was initially a virgin road, a mere

footpath.

The construction contract was October 28, 2016 and we took over the site on the

November 15, 2016. Work was completed on the 31th march 2017 amounting to a

period of six (6) month in accordance with the agreement and condition of

contract.

The scope of works done include :

 Site clearing of 8.3m by 2400m length,

 Earthworks of naturally filling materials,

 Reinforced concrete side drain of 600hight x 600mmx400m length at both

side of the road ,

 Ring culvert of 900mm diameter of about 20m long

 Road surfacing with 50mm thickness asphaltic wearing course on 400m

length by 7.3 wide

 Shoulders of 150mm thick by 1.5m wide on compacted literite base course

soil material with surface dressing

 Access slabs to entrance of building and street.

 Pavement work commenced from ch.2+000, and these consist of priming

with MC 1 and laying of hot rolled and compacted 50mm thick asphaltic

wearing course on the 400m length .

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 SUMMARY PAGE OF B.E.M.E FOR PROJECT

Bill Description Amount in naira Completed

No. %
Contract BEME Executed

1. PRELIMINARIES AND GENERAL 2,400,000 2,400,000 100%

PROVISIONS

2. GENERAL AND PROVISIONAL 8,490,000 8,490,000 100%

ITEMS

3. SITE CLEARANCES AND EARTH 42,210,120 42,210,120 100%

WORK

4. CULVERTS AND DRAINS 1,896,000 1,896,000 100%

5. PAVEMENT AND SURFACING 9,776,160 9,776,160 100%

SUB-TOTAL 1 70,772,280.00 70,772,280.00 100%

6. ALLOW FOR 2.5% CONTINGENCY 20247.05 20247.05 100%

SUB-TOTAL 2 70,792,527.05 70,792,527.05 100%

7 ALLOW FOR 5% VAT 3,539,626.35 3,539,626.35 100%

SUB-TOTAL 3 74,332,154.40 74,332,154.40 100%

8. TOTAL TENDER SUM 74,332,154.40 74,332,154.40 100%

Table2.3.1 B.E.M.E FOR PROJECT 2.3

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2.4.Job Title : Surface Restoration Job At Igbo-Gi-Igbo at Enugu State

Company : Neotouch Engineering Limited

Position : Site Engineer

2.4.1Responsibility

My responsibility were, daily work planning , monitoring and supervision for

specific job: site preparation, bush clearing, earthwork, daily report writing .

Scope of works:

The main work carried out in this project in accordance with the contract

agreement can be enumerated as fellows;

-Total length of road 2km

-Site clearing and earthwork 2km

-Provision of naturally occurring laterite materials as sub base

-Provision of naturally occurring laterite materials as base course

-road side drain , 400m

-900mm dia. Ring culvert; 20m

Surface restoration work along At Igbo-Gi-Igbo in Enugu state , consist of 2km

road with associated side drain and storm –water drainage channel. it was an

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existing road but destroyed by erosion because it had no drain and hence surface

dressing and drainage needed.

2.4.2 scope of works done include :

 Site clearing of 8.3m by 2000m length,

 Earthworks of naturally filling materials,

 Reinforced concrete side drain of 600hight x 600mmx400m length at both

side of the road ,

 Ring culvert of 900mm diameter of about 20m long.

 Shoulders of 150mm thick by 1.5m wide on compacted literite base course

soil material with surface dressing

 Access slabs to entrance of building and street.

With good weather during the dry seasons in Enugu, construction work is on the

favoured side. There was no accident during this project life.

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 SUMMARY PAGE OF B.E.M.E FOR PROJECT

Bill Description Amount in naira Completed

No. %
Contract Executed
BEME

1. PRELIMINARIES AND GENERAL 2,000,000 2,000,000 100%

PROVISIONS

2. GENERAL AND PROVISIONAL 8,400,000 8,400,000 100%

ITEMS

3. SITE CLEARANCES AND EARTH 40.000,000 40,000,000 100%

WORK

4. CULVERTS AND DRAINS 1,896,000.00 1,896,000.00 100%

SUB-TOTAL 1 52,296,000.00 52,296,000.00 100%

5. ALLOW FOR 2.5% CONTINGENCY 1,307,400.00 13,0740.000 100%

SUB-TOTAL 2 53,603,400.00 53,603,400.00 100%

6 ALLOW FOR 5% VAT 2,680,170.00 2,680,170.00 100%

SUB-TOTAL 3 56,283,570.00 56,283,570.00 100%

7. TOTAL TENDER SUM 56,283,570.00 56,283,570.00 100%

Table 2.4.1 B.E.M.E FOR PROJECT 2.4

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 2.5.0 conclusion

most of the jobs encountered were challenging, and have made me to be a good

team player and creative in the line of duty. Shaping me for the future, be it in the

oil and gas or construction industry. I have come to realise that as engineers my

duty is to solve engineering problems with minimal cost , safety of society and

environment at large .

Reference

James et al (2011)

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