24 questions by the book

1. According to the text, what does the field of International Relations (IR)
encompass?
A) Solely the interactions between nation-states.
B) Relations between various non-state actors only.
C) A range of actors including international organizations, multinational
corporations, and more.
D) Focus primarily on the economic structures at the global level.
2. What dominant methodologies or approaches are associated with the positivist
view in IR theory?
A) Quantitative methods and empirical validation.
B) Philosophical inquiry and interpretive understanding.
C) Historical analysis and qualitative studies.
D) Postmodernist perspectives and feminist approaches.
3. According to Thucydides, what was the underlying cause of the war between
Athens and Sparta in the fifth century B.C.?
A) The pursuit of honor and glory by both Athens and Sparta.
B) The breakdown of diplomatic alliances between Athens and its allies.
C) Fear stemming from the growth of Athenian power relative to Sparta.
D) Religious conflicts and differences in cultural values between the two city-
states.
4. How does Machiavelli's viewpoint in "The Prince" align with his interpretation of
political ethics?
A) Machiavelli advocates for absolute power and dominance of the ruling prince.
B) Machiavelli prioritizes maintaining the safety and stability of the state over
conventional moral principles.
C) Machiavelli promotes a democratic form of governance based on the welfare
of the people.
D) Machiavelli argues for the supremacy of religious morality in political decision-
making.
5. According to Machiavelli, why does he advocate for a prince to be feared rather
than loved?
A) Fear is easier to maintain among subjects than love.
B) Love among subjects is unreliable and changes based on personal advantage.
C) Fear prevents any possibility of rebellion or dissent among the populace.
D) The prince's power depends on instilling fear rather than nurturing love.
6. What does Machiavelli caution against when discussing the use of cruelty by a
prince?
A) He advises against being too merciful, as it may lead to the loss of a state.
B) Machiavelli warns against excessive fear that might lead to hatred from the
subjects.
C) He advises against cruelty that may cause subjects to revolt and turn against
the prince.
 D) Machiavelli warns against cruelty that lacks a justifiable public cause,
particularly regarding executions.
7. What is the primary argument presented by the Melians to support their decision
in the dialogue?
A) They believe in the Spartans' unwavering support due to their shared kinship
and race.
B) The Melians have a 700-year legacy of liberty and rely on the goodwill of the
gods and the Spartans.
C) They argue that the Athenians' quest for domination will alienate other neutral
states, which will eventually turn against Athens.
D) The Melians count on their naval advantage to deter the Spartans from
intervening in the conflict.
8. How do the Athenians respond to the Melians' refusal to submit?
A) The Athenians accuse the Melians of underestimating the power of their allies,
leading to their impending downfall.
B) They admire the Melians' resolve but warn them against delusion and reliance
on uncertain hopes and alliances.
C) Athenians commend the Melians for their loyalty to Sparta but highlight the
futility of their actions against Athenian power.
D) Athenians express disappointment in the Melians' decision and offer them a
last chance for a peaceful alliance.
9. According to Hobbes, what are the principal causes of quarrels among human
beings?
A. Fear, curiosity, and ambition
B. Competition, diffidence, and glory
C. Honor, interest, and reputation
D. Desire, ambition, and security
10. In the state described by Hobbes where there is no common power to keep
individuals in awe, what is the condition of humanity?
A. A state of continuous peace and harmony
B. A condition of partial stability with occasional conflicts
C. A situation of potential war, where everyone is an enemy to everyone else
D. An environment fostering justice and equitable distribution of resources
11. According to realism's principal assumptions in international relations, what is
the primary focus in this perspective?
A. Emphasis on the role of international organizations
B. The dominance of non-state actors in shaping global politics
C. The significance of economic and social issues over military and strategic
concerns
D. The importance of states as the key actors and security matters as central
12. What is a central assumption made by realists concerning the behavior of states
in international relations?
A. States are primarily influenced by non-state actors and transnational
organizations
B. Governments within states do not have a unified approach to foreign policy
C. States are assumed to act as unitary actors, having a single policy on specific
 issues
D. States prioritize economic policies over national security concerns
13. In the Melian Dialogue, what is the primary argument made by the Athenians to
convince the Melians to surrender?
A. Highlighting the benefits of joining Athens as equal allies
B. Emphasizing the virtues of justice and fairness in negotiations
C. Focusing on the historical ties between Athens and Melos
D. Stressing the inevitability of defeat and the futility of resistance
14. What is the Melians' primary justification for refusing Athenian terms and
choosing to resist?
A. Their trust in Spartan assistance and divine fortune
B. A belief in the equality of power and the weakness of Athenian resolve
C. The promise of autonomy and friendship with both Athens and Sparta
D. The appeal to Athenian values of honour and respect for tradition
15. According to the passage from Machiavelli's "The Prince," what advice does he
offer regarding the ideal approach for a prince to be viewed by his subjects?
A. Strive to earn both love and fear equally, balancing between them to maintain
control.
B. Prioritize being loved by the people over being feared, ensuring loyalty and
devotion.
C. Advocate for complete fear to secure authority, even if it leads to being hated
by the populace.
D. Emphasize being feared rather than loved, while avoiding being hated as much
as possible.
16. What historical examples does Machiavelli provide to illustrate his argument
about the balance between cruelty and kindness in a prince's rule?
A. The contrasting behaviors of two Roman leaders, Caesar and Pompey.
B. The actions of Scipio and Hannibal in handling their respective armies.
C. The merciful rule of Cesare Borgia in Romagna compared to the cruelty of the
Florentines.
D. The conduct of the Locrians towards their leader versus the treatment of their
lieutenant by Scipio.
17. According to Rousseau's critique of the Perpetual Peace Project, what is the
primary obstacle preventing the adoption of this idealized system?
A. The inadequacy of the project's arguments and rationale.
B. The lack of willingness and good intentions from both princes and ministers.
C. The impracticality of enforcing peace without resorting to force or coercion.
D. The failure to differentiate between real and apparent self-interest among
sovereigns.
18. What does Rousseau suggest about the feasibility of the Perpetual Peace Project
and its implementation?
A. He asserts that the project lacks sufficient support due to its inherent flaws
and impracticality.
B. He believes that the project is feasible but requires a revolution to establish
federative leagues.
C. He criticizes the project's simplicity in execution, suggesting it fails to address
 the complexities of international politics.
D. He argues that the project is too idealistic and virtuous to be embraced by
individuals whose self-interest contradicts public welfare.
19. What distinguishes the perspectives of classical liberal theorists from social
liberals?
A. Classical liberals emphasize the importance of state intervention, while social
liberals advocate for a minimal state role.
B. Classical liberals prioritize individual rights and a limited state, while social
liberals seek a larger state role for the general welfare.
C. Classical liberals advocate for a collectivist approach, while social liberals
emphasize individualism and laissez-faire principles.
D. Classical liberals support global governance structures, while social liberals
oppose international involvement.
20. How did the Industrial Revolution impact classical-liberal doctrine?
A. It reinforced classical liberalism's emphasis on state intervention to regulate
economic competition.
B. It led to a rejection of individualism and a shift toward socialist ideologies.
C. It prompted a complete abandonment of classical-liberal principles in favor of
absolute government control.
D. It prompted modifications in classical liberalism, allowing for a more activist
state role to mitigate the negative effects of economic competition.
21. According to E. H. Carr, what is the dual nature of political society?
A. Cooperation and exploitation
B. Goodwill and coercion
C. Altruism and self-interest
D. Anarchism and non-resistance
22. How does Carr refute the doctrines that attempt to divorce politics from
morality?
A. He supports the idea that power and morality can be entirely separate entities.
B. He advocates for the complete elimination of power from the realm of politics.
C. He argues that both non-resistance and anarchism are essential in achieving
political harmony.
D. He believes that while difficult, a moral justification for the use of force in
politics can be attained.
23. In the context of normative international relations theory, what is a significant
problem associated with moral relativism?

A. It encourages universal acceptance of diverse ethical propositions.

B. It provides a clear and absolute basis for condemning atrocities.

C. It suggests that cultural values should be universally applied.

D. It lacks a universal standard for assessing the truth of ethical propositions.

 24. What critique does the author offer regarding the discussion prompted by Francis
Fukuyama's article, "Women and the Evolution of World Politics," in Foreign Affairs?

A. Fukuyama's article promotes the assertion that women are inherently superior to
men, sparking controversy.

B. The article accentuates feminist IR scholarship and its contributions to international

politics.

C. Responses to Fukuyama's article engage productively with feminist IR scholarship,

focusing on key agendas.

D. The article and subsequent discussions deflect from crucial feminist agendas,
emphasizing stereotypes about gender and peace.