ACADEMIC TEXT – are written works
that provide information, containing
ideas and concepts that are related to
a particular discipline. ex: research
paper, essay, thesis, report journal and
etc.
FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXT:
WELL ORGANIZED – the basis
structure that is used by an academic
text is consist of three parts
introduction, body and conclusion
which is formal and logical.
 COHERENT – is clear and
consistent (mag saag-saag sha)
 INCOHERENT – inconsistent
topic and rumble-rumble sha.
OBJECTIVE – refers to the attitude
conveyed in one piece of writing.
Presented with an appropriate
narrative tone.
LANGUAGE – it is important to use
unambiguous language. Clear
sentences enable readers to
understand the text and read without
difficulty. Formal language and third
person POV should be used.
CITATION – list of references as either
footnote or endnotes is a very
important aspect of an academic text.
COMPLEX – an academic text
addresses complex issues that require
high-order thinking skills to
comprehend.
EVIDENCE BASED ARGUMENTS –
opinions are based on a sound
understanding of the pertinent body of
language and academic debates that
exist within.
THESIS-DRIVEN – the starting point
of and academic text is a particular
perspective, idea or position applied to
the chosen research problem such as
establishing, proving, or disproving
solutions to the questions posed for
topic.
PLAGIARISM - an act of using
someone’s work without attribution of
the author.
PURPOSES OF ACADEMIC
READING:
1. To locate a main idea
2. To scan information
3. To identify gasp in existing
studies
4. To connect new ideas to
existing one
5. To gain more pieces of
information
6. To support a particular writing
assignment
7. To deeply understand a existing
idea
FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN
WRITING ACADEMIC TEXT:
1. State critical questions and
issues
2. Provide fact and evidence from
credible source
3. Use precise and accurate words
while avoiding jargons
4. Take an objective point of view
5. List of reference
6. Use cautious language
ACADEMIC LANGUAGE – is the
language needed by students to do
work in schools. For example:
discipline specific vocabulary,
grammar and punctuation and
applications of rhetorical
conventions and devices.

SOCIAL LANGUAGE – is a set of
vocabulary that allows
communicate with others in the
context of daily regular
conversations
WHY IS ACADEMIC LANGUAGE
IS IMPORTANT IN ACADEMIC
TEXT? – to effectively establish
higher order thinking. Academic
language enables us to describe
complex thinking process that are
used to comprehend.
ACADEMIC WRTING SHOULD
THEREFORE BE:
 FORMAL – it should not sound
conversational or casual.
Colloquial, idiomatic or slang
should be avoided
 OBJECTIVE – this means
UNBIASED. It should be based
on facts and evidence and are
not influenced by personal
feelings.
 IMPERSONAL- involves
avoiding the use of personal
pronouns like “I” and “we”.
COMMON TEXT STRUCTURES
TEXT STRUCTURES – refers to the
way authors organize information in a
text. It recognizes the underlying
structures of the text and to help focus
attention on the key concepts.
NARRATIVE – an event/story with
characters, setting, conflict, point of
view, and plot. And it uses descriptive
language (adjectives, Adverbs, similes
and metaphors).
CHRONOLOGICAL, PROCESS OR
SEQUENCE – present ideas or events
in the order in which they happen. It
uses the words first, second, third and
any other that is used to make it in
order.
CAUSE AND EFFECT - provide
explanations or reasons for
phenomena. And it uses the words:
if/then, reason why, as a result,
therefore, because, consequently,
since, so that, for, due to and etc.
PROBLEM SOLUTION – identify
problems and pose solutions. And it
uses the words: problem is, dilemma
is, question/answer.
DEFINE OR DESCRIPTION –
describes a topic by listening
characteristics, features, attributes,
and examples. And it uses the words:
for example, characteristics, for
instance, such as, including, to
illustrate etc.
COMPARE AND CONTRAST – it is
used to show how two or more things
are alike and different.
WHY TEXT STRUCTURE
IMPORTANT? – it can improve one’s
comprehension and retention of
information on what they can identify
and recognize.
1. Organize information and
details they are learning in their
minds while reading
2. Make connections between the
ideas presented in the text
3. Summarize the important
details shared in a text.
ACADEMIC TEXT STRUCTURES -
essential to learn the specific styles
and structures for your discipline or
specialization, as well as for each
individual academic writing task.

COMMON ACADEMIC TEXT
 Literary/critical analysis
 In essay format, examines,
evaluates and makes argument
 Books, journals, news articles,
reports, conference papers and
etc
 Research paper
 Primary and secondary are
important components in
making research.
 Thesis
 A lengthy paper that usually
serves as the final project for a
university degree.
STRUCTURES OF ACADEMIC TEXT
1. 3 PART ESSAY
2. IMRaD
3 PART ESSAY – the discussion
analysis is carried out and the results
are presented.
1. INTRODUCTION – the topic of the
essay/paper will be presented in
this part.
 Introduces the theoretical
perspective, terminology
 Might be 10-20% of the
paper’s whole length.
2. BODY – where the essay’s
argument, ideas and results are
developed and discussed.
 Considered as the heart
of the essay
 Longest part of the
paper.
3. CONCLUSION - described as the
“mirror image”
 Should not contain any
new facts or ideas.
IMRaD
I - INRODUCTION
M - METHODS
R- RESULTS
A - and
D- DISCUSSION
TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING
VARIETY OF ACADEMIC TEXT
SUMMARIZING – is how we take
larger selections of the text and reduce
them for only bare essentials.
Webster’s call a summary the
“GENERAL IDEA IN BRIEF FORM”
A WRITTEN SUMMARY – is just a
shortened form of the original text. The
goal of the summary is to introduce the
audience to all the major point of the
work.
BASIC RULES:
1. OMMIT THINGS DON’T
MATTER
2. OMMIT THINGS THAT
REPEAT
3. USE TRANSITION WORDS
TO CONNECT YOUR
IDEAS
4. AVOID USING TO MUCH
DETAILS
5. USE YOUR OWN WORDS
TO WRITE THE SUMMARY
TECHNIQUES:
1. SOMEBODY WANTED BUT SO
THEN
2. SAAC METHOD – Stands for
“state, assign, action, complete”
3. 5W’s 1H
 4. FIRST THE FINALLY
5. GIVE ME THE GIST REACTION PAPER VS FILM REVIEW
OF A WORK OF ART
SIMILARITIES:
THESIS STATEMENT
1. both consisted of the same
THESIS STATEMENT – is the structure on how to write it.
controlling idea that you will develop in
your paper. 2. Both are important, to know if a
student understands the topic
ELEMENTS OF A THESIS presented.
STATEMENT
 TOPIC – topic of the 3. share some common elements,
paper yet differ in their focus and
 ARGUMENT/CLAIM purpose.
 EVIDENDCE
DIFFERENCES:
OUTLINE – Is a design to follow
whe:writing a structure, a discourse, of
an article. It arranges a material in A Reaction Paper is based on
logical way into them. your opinion or reaction to the movies
or books.

GUIDELINES IN WRITING AN While in a Film Review, you’ll

OUTLINE: need to describe, synthesize, and
summarize the topic given in a movie
or a book.
1. Place the title at the center
Above the outline.
A Reaction paper is a personal
2. Every level of the outline must
response to a text, while a Reviewis
have at least two items (I and II,
an assessment of a work, injected with
A and B, 1 and 2)
a critique which evaluates the work
3. Put a period after each numeral
within its field.
and letter.
4. Indent each new level of the
outline.
REMINDERS:
5. All items of one kind should line
It is important to know the structure of
up with each other.
the paper because it'll be your guide,
6. Capitalize the first letter of each
and you know how to navigate the
item.
ideas of the topic on your paper.
7. The terms Introduction, Body,
Readers will understand it because it
and Conclusion do not have to
is organized.
be included in the outline.
- One of the steps of writing a review
presented in the video is writing a
critique. A review should contain a
critique
STRUCTURE:

Introduction: The introduction of a Film

Review should provide context for the
text being responded to and a clear
thesis statement that previews the
main points of the paper.

•Film Summary: The summary

sections should briefly summarize the
key points of the text.

•Analysis/Body: The analysis section

should provide the writer's critical
response to the text, including
discussion and connections to other
texts or wider issues or topics.

•Conclusion: The conclusion should

summarize the main points of the
paper and offer final thoughts or
recommendations

ES IN WRITING AN OUTLINE