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Basic Requirement For MVSG Selection
Basic Requirement For MVSG Selection
Basic Requirement For MVSG Selection
TRANSMISSION
EHV/HV
69 KV to 115 kV
1) Voltage (Volts)
2) Current (Ampere)
HV consumers
3) Frequency (Utility frequency, power
HV/MV line frequency) – 50Hz
220KV to 500kV 34.5/13.8kV
Heavy Industry
+ short circuit power expressed either
in MVA or in effective kA for a given
service voltage
34.5/13.8kV
10-20kV
G MV/LV MV consumers
400V/230V Extra Low Voltage – ELV - 0 to 50V AC or 120V DC
Infra/ Industry/Commercial
GENERATION
Low Voltage – LV - >ELV to 1000V AC or 1500V DC
LV consumers
High Voltage – HV - >LV
Residential Note, Medium Voltage not defined in standards (e.g. AS3000).
DISTRIBUTION
Schneider Electric defines MV as >1000V AC & 52,000V
(52kV)
Medium Voltage Switchgear Concept
Electrical network can be isolated,
protected and controlled by using a
SWITCHGEAR :
The term “switchgear” is a generic one.
It is applied to apparatus with
mechanical contacts with their
associated measurement, protection
and control devices
The IEC Standard for MVSG
The main standards involved in high-voltage switchgear and controlgear are:
IEC 62271-200:AC metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear
IEC 62271-100: high voltage alternative- current circuit breakers
IEC 62271-102:alternative current disconnectors and earthing switches
Scope
prefabricated assemblies (factory-assembled), gathering components within a
metallic enclosure
Almost all functions currently used on MV networks are in the scope except the
air-break pole mounted switches or disconnectors
1 to 52 kV
AIS - GIS - OIS
P< 300 kPa (3 bar)
The standard includes partially the requirements of the IEC 60694 "common clauses
for high voltage switchgear and controlgear"
Pre-fabricated Assembly
factory-assembled product (operation under the manufacturer's responsibility)
● Voltage
● Current
● Switchgear Technologies
● Types/Design of Switching Devices
● Basic Switching Functions
● Service Conditions
● Accessibility
● Partition Class
● Loss Of service continuity
● Degrees of Protection
● Internal Arc
SM6
(AIS)
AIS – most common choice because GIS – tends to more expensive, being
cost effectiveness considered should there be concerns
on space and environmental issues.
RM6 – Ring Main Unit (up to 24kV)
Flusarc (Ring Main Unit -36kV)
SM6 – AIS Modular up to 36kV
The different functions and apparatus integrated in MV switchgears
Symbols Normal operation fault-circuit
CVX
fixed circuit breaker protects and controls if makes and interrupts fault
IEC 62271-100 limited operation currents up to making and
breaking capacity
contactor makes and interrupts makes and interrupts rated
IEC 62271-106 rated current does not current
isolate rated current
RMF AMF
Auto-
F
expansion Puffer (Radial B (Axial
breaking B
breaking Magnetic Magnetic
Field) Field)
SF6 and vacuum are the two most modern breaking techniques in the field of Medium Voltage.
o SF6 in medium voltage circuit-breakers appeared in the 70’s, in South European countries where voltages were 24kV
or 36kV, based on HV design.
o Vacuum in medium voltage circuit-breakers appeared in the 70’s in North European countries where voltage was
12kV.
The specification for vacuum or SF6 breaking medium is made according to the application dependability
objectives.
o Both techniques are suitable for most of the cases of use. However the features of MV circuit-breaker are different
depending on the breaking technique used (SF6 or Vacuum).
o Thus, specifications for vacuum or SF6 breaking medium should be made with respect to the type of the load (cable,
transformer, ..) and the needs of the application (number of operations, continuous monitoring request, etc. )
o SF6 breaking is smooth, producing low overvoltages when switching inductive and capacitive loads and then being
harmless in motor, transformer or capacitor banks applications
o Vacuum breaking is of a high electrical endurance, helpful in applications such as very intensive or often faulty
overhead lines of public distribution. It has to be associated with specific protection devices like surge arrestors for
other applications to avoid overvoltages occuring during switching.
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric | Page 19
Vacuum Vs SF6 Circuit Breakers
Technical parameters comparison
Vacuum SF6
Mechanical endurance Class M2: 10 000 operations Class M2: 10 000 operations
Electrical endurance IEC Class E2 beyond IEC : 50 -100 cycles at Isc IEC Class E2 beyond IEC 20 -30 cycles at Isc
Over Voltage Effects Possibility of multiple steep-fronted surges Low surge switching
Environmental Compatibility Standard end of life treatment Standard end of life treatment + SF6 recycling
Breaking in case of leakage Only load current in case of only 1 VI leaks Good capability on short-circuit is maintained
Page 20
Vacuum Vs SF6 Circuit Breakers
Comparison according to the main applications
Vacuum SF6
Cable networks
Overhead lines Possible TRV with higher rate of rise
Inductive loads:
-Transformers
Lower overvoltages
-shunt reactors
-Arc furnaces
Circuit-breaker Circuit-breaker
Motors
Contactor (better endurance) Contactor (lower overvoltages)
Capacitive applications Lower overvoltages
NB: Without specific protection
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric | Page 21
Comparison between vacuum and SF6
SF6 Vacuum
Lines, cables Suited for all performances, including Suited for all performances, including
high breaking performances (I & U) high breaking performances (I & U) and
Application very quick TRVs
Motors, furnaces, Suited for inductive and capacitive protection recommended to limit the
Capacitor banks currents. No risk of overvoltage overvoltage due to restriking.
switching
Characteristics Endurance Meet the needs for almost all Suited for special application requiring
applications high number of switching
Loss of tightness up to 80% of performance maintained
Safety at Patm.
Continuous monitoring of gas periodic dielectric checks make
pressure shutdown necessary
Maintenance Reduced to few controls of CB Reduced to few controls of CB
parameters. parameters.
Both technologies provide adequate protection level for most type of loads.
For some special applications, the needs of “soft” switching, “frequent” switching, “fast”
switching or permanent monitoring might influence the choice between SF6 and Vacuum.
IEC requirement on MV CB: operating sequence
For public network operations, the CB should have fast cycle under short
circuit conditions
Its performance is expressed by the rated operating sequence :
• O-0.3s-CO-15s-CO for CB used for auto reclosing
‒ this operating sequence covers
‒ Motor
‒ shunt reactor
remark: Switching tests for unloaded transformers are not considered in IEC62271-100
(Inductive load switching) (test on one transformer doesn’t represent behavior of other transformers)
IEC requirement on MV CB: Endurance
Mechanical without maintenance:
• M1: 2000 cycles
• M2: 10 000 cycle
Electrical:
• Class E2 CB are circuit-breaker designed so as not to require maintenance of
the interrupting parts of the main circuit during its expected operating life, and
only minimal maintenance of its other parts.
‒ E2 for network without auto-reclosing: (usually for cable network)
basic short circuit test duties achieved without maintenance is enough. No need of
additional tests
‒ E2 extended for auto reclosing duty: (usually for overhead lines)
‒ Additional tests without maintenance are required. The consists of list of breaking
test at different values comprised between 10% and 100% the Isc.
Design Of Switching Devices
Fixed Type Withdrawable
SF6 CB
Fixed
Disconnectable
Basic Switching Functions
13.8/24/36kV
MV Network design – chapt. 05 Oct 2008
30
MV Network design – chapt. 05 Oct 2008
31
MV Network design – chapt. 05 Oct 2008
32
MV Network design – chapt. 05 Oct 2008
33
Partitioning & Nature of barrier
SM6
PI the
metal partitions / shutters between live
parts and open compartment.
4
3
1
Isolator
Switch
SF6 CB
Fixed
Disconnectable
● Isolated (PI)
●No need to cut-off compartments
energy of switchboard ●No risk to access live
while realizing any parts while realizing any
operation in one of operation in one of
compartments or cabinets compartment
(ex: cable or CB) (ex: cable or CB)
Enclosure Rating/IEC
IP 54
Enclosure Rating/IEC
IP 54
IAC A-FLR
5 criterias
1: correctly secure doors and covers do not open
2: no fragmentation of the enclosure occurs within
the time specified for the test
3: arcing does not cause holes in the accessible
sides up to a height of 2m
4: indicators do not ignite due to the effect of the
hot gases
5: the enclosure remains connected to its earthing
point
Classification :
5 cubicle compartments:
1 – Switching component
LSC2A
2 – Busbars PI
3 – Connection and switching
component 3 sides A FL 16kA 1s
4 – Operating mechanism (Internal arc withstand IAC classification)
5 – LV compartment
Classification :
LSC2A
PM
4 sides AFLR up to 20kA 1s
(Internal arc withstand IAC classification)