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Machine Lab Expt 1to6
Machine Lab Expt 1to6
Machine Lab Expt 1to6
EXPERIMENT NO.1
OC AND SC TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
Aim: To conduct open circuit and short circuit tests on single phase transformer and
Predetermination of i) efficiency and regulation ii) Calculation of parameters of equivalent
circuit.
Apparatus Required:
Procedure
(a) Open Circuit Test:
1. The connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram by keeping HV side open.
2. With the autotransformer at zero position, the supply switch is closed.
3. The position of autotransformer adjusted such that voltmeter reads the rated voltage of
the HV winding of the transformer.
4. Note down the corresponding all meter readings in tabular column.
5. The autotransformer is brought back to zero position and the supply switch is opened.
Circuit Diagram
(a) Open Circuit Test
Tabular column
For OC Test
Vo Io Wo
Sl. No.
(volts) (Amps) (Watts)
01
Specimen Calculation
V V
Equivalent Resistance R = ()
I I cos∅
V V
Equivalent Reactance X = = ()
Iμ I Sin∅
For S.C.Test
Vs Is Ws
Sl. No.
(volts) (Amps) (Watts)
01
W
Equivalent Resistance Refered to primary R = = ()
I
V
Equivalent Impedance Refered to primary Z = = ()
I
Equivalent Circuit
Tabular column
Specimen calculation
Tabular Column
Power %
Sl. No. leading/lagging
Factor Regulation
01 0.2
02 0.4
03 Leading 0.6
04 0.8
05 1
01 0.2
02 0.4
03 Lagging 0.6
04 0.8
05 1
Specimen calculation
V −V
% Regulation = x 100
V
Nature of Graph
EXPERIMENT NO.2
SUMPNER’S TEST ON SIMILAR TRANSFORMERS
Aim: To conduct Sumpner’s test on similar transformers and determine combined and
individual transformer efficiency
Apparatus Required:
Procedure
1. The connections are made as shown in circuit.
2. With autotransformer at zero position and switch 2 as well as SPST switch at open,
supply switch 1 is closed.
3. The autotransformer 1in the primary circuit is adjusted such that voltmeter V 1 reads the
rated voltage of transformer.
4. The voltmeter Vref is referred for zero readings. If the voltmeter shows zero the SPST
switch is closed.
5. If Vref results the double the voltage appears, interchange secondary connection of any
one transformer.
6. The supply switch 2 is closed ensuring that the autotransformer 2 in the secondary circuit
is at zero position.
7. The output of autotransformer 2 in the secondary circuit is adjusted such that the
ammeter connected in the circuit reads the rated current of the transformer and all the
meter readings are noted in to the tabular column.
8. The autotransformer1 and 2 is brought back to zero position and open the both the
supply switches.
Circuit diagram
Specification
Power: 2 kVA,
Voltage: 230/230V
Frequency: 50Hz
Fig. 1: Circuit diagram Current: P/V= 2000/230=8.69A
Tabular column
Sl. V1 A1 W1 V2 A2 W2
No. (Volts) (Amps) (Watts) (Volts) (Amp) (Watts)
01
Specimen calculation
Voltage range x Ammeter range x Power Factor
Wattmeter Constant =
Full Scale de lection
X ∗ kVA ∗ CosΦ ∗ 10
Ef iciency of transformer = x100
X ∗ kVA ∗ CosΦ ∗ 10 + + X ∗
Tabular column
Nature of graph
EXPERIMENT NO.3
PARALLEL OPERATION OF TWO DISSIMILAR SINGLE PHASE
TRANSFORMERS
Aim: To operate two dissimilar single phase transformer in parallel and determination of load
Apparatus Required:
Procedure
1. The connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram by keeping the LV side short
circuit.
2. With the autotransformer at zero position, the supply switch is closed.
3. The position of autotransformer adjusted such that ammeter reads the rated current of the
LV winding of the transformer.
4. Note down the corresponding all meter readings in tabular column.
5. The autotransformer is brought back to zero position and the supply switch is opened.
Circuit Diagram
Tabular Column
Tabular Column
Sample calculation
Transformer ‘A’
𝑊
𝑅 = (Ω)
𝐼
𝑉
𝑍 = (Ω)
𝐼
𝑋 = (𝑍 ) − (𝑅 ) (Ω)
Transformer ‘B’
𝑊
𝑅 = (Ω)
𝐼
𝑉
𝑍 = (Ω)
𝐼
𝑋 = (𝑍 ) − (𝑅 ) (Ω)
W
Cos Φ =
V xI
W =W +W
(𝐼 ∠ − Φ) ∗ 𝑍
𝐼 =
𝑍 +𝑍
(𝐼 ∠ − Φ) ∗ 𝑍
𝐼 =
𝑍 +𝑍
EXPERIMENT NO.4
POLARITY TEST AND CONNECTION OF 3 SINGLE PHASE
TRANSFORMERS IN STAR- DELTA
Aim: To conduct polarity test and connection of 3 single phase transformers in star- delta to
determine efficiency and regulation under balanced resistive loads.
Apparatus required:
Sl.
Apparatus Range Quantity
No.
01 Autotransformer 0-300 V, 15A 01
02 Voltmeter 0-300 V 03
03 Voltmeter 0-600 V 01
03 1 Transformer 1 KVA 01
Procedure:
(1) Make the connection as per the circuit diagram (a) and (b)
(2) With autotransformer in minimum position, switch ON the power supply
(3) Apply the rated supply by varying autotransformer
(4) Noted down the volt meter reading. If the polarities of transformer is same then resultant
voltage should be difference of the two transformer i.e. V= V1 - V2
(5) If the polarities of transformer are different then resultant voltage should be sum of the
two transformer i.e. V= V1 + V2
Circuit Diagram:
Correct Polarity
Reverse Polarity
Tabular column:
Correct Polarity
Sl. V1 V2 V Polarity
No (Volts) (Volts) (Volts)
1
2
3
4
Reverse Polarity
Sl. V1 V2 V Polarity
No (Volts) (Volts) (Volts)
1
2
3
4
Procedure
Circuit diagram
Tabular column
Specimen Calculation
3 − Φ Power(P) = √3 ∗ V ∗ I ∗ CosΦ
W + W
% E iiciency = x100
W + W
V ( ) −V ( ) ∗ 100
% Regulation =
V ( )
EXPERIMENT NO.5
COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE OF 3 SINGLE-PHASE
TRANSFORMERS IN DELTA – DELTA AND V – V (OPEN DELTA)
CONNECTION UNDER LOAD
Aim: comparison of performance of 3 single-phase transformers in delta – delta and v – v
(open delta) connection under load.
Apparatus Required:
PROCEDURE:
I. Delta-Delta Connection:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Ensure load on the transformer is in OFF position and position of the auto transformer
knob at its zero position.
3. Then switch ON the supply.
4. Slowly go on varying the auto transformer knob until the voltmeter shows the rated voltage
on the transformer.
5. Then gradually apply load on the transformer and at each step note down the readings.
6. Bring load on the transformers to zero position.
7. Switch OFF the supply.
PROCEDURE:
II. Open-Delta Connection:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Ensure load on the transformer is in OFF position and position of the auto transformer
knob at its zero position.
3. Then switch ON the supply.
4. Slowly go on varying the auto transformer knob until the voltmeter shows the rated voltage
on the transformer.
5. Then gradually apply load on the transformer and at each step note down the readings.
6. Bring load on the transformers to zero position.
7. Switch OFF the supply.
CALCULATION:
CALCULATION:
EXPERIMENT NO.6
SEPARATION OF HYSTERESIS AND EDDY CURRENT
LOSSES IN SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER.
Aim: To separate the hysteresis loss and eddy current loss in a single phase transformer by
conducting open circuit test on it.
Apparatus Required:
Sl. No Name Range Type Qty
1. Single phase transformer 01
2. DC shunt motor –Alternator set up 01
3. Voltmeter 0-300V MI 02
4. Voltmeter 0-300V MC 01
5. Ammeter 0-2A MC 02
6. Ammeter 0-15A MC 01
7. Ammeter 0-2A MI 01
8. Single phase auto transformer 0-270V - 01
9. Connecting wires - - Few
PROCEDURE:
Circuit diagram:
Tabular column:
Frequency of
Sl. No Applied Voltage Core loss
applied voltage
01
02
03
04
Nature of graph:
Calculation:
Frequency,
F=PNs/120 Hz
Hysteresis Loss
Wh =A*f watts
We = B*f2 watts
Iron Loss
Wi = Wh+We watts