500
2017 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy, Information and Communication (ICCPEIC)
Modeling and Control of Utility Grid Connected
Solar Photovoltaic Array Integrated System Using
MATLAB
MAJHRUL ISRAR
Electrical Engineering Department
Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology
Gorakhpur, India
majhrulisrar91@gmail.com
Abstract— The consumption of electricity generation by
photovoltaic system has tempted considerable in recent years.
The development of photovoltaic system plants focus on to obtain
the maximum benefit of collected solar energy. In this paper we
are model and control the renewable energy based solar p-v
system using MATLAB environment. This grid connected
MATLAB model is studied under different levels of solar
radiation and changing weather conditions. P-V cell,
InCond.MPP technique with a central three level inverter is
evolved in the paper which is suitable for small to medium power
application. We used IncCond.MPP technique which is
implemented in DC-DC step up converter to allow p-v module to
give power at maximum power point. The output of this
converter is applied the three level inverter and with the use of
VSC controller synchronized system with utility grid. Finally
system stability, performance and transient responses are
analyzed. All simulation is done in MATLAB 2014.
Keywords— Solar Energy; Solar Photo-Voltaic Array System;
Maximum Power Point Technique(MPPT); Voltage source
converter(VSC); DC-DC boost converter; Grid
I. INTRODUCTION
Present-day, the non renewable energy sources, which is
obtain from nature as a form of coal, gas etc, are exhaustive in
nature and are depleting rapidity due to increase in population.
The energy which is in-exhaustive in nature known as
renewable energy offers as alternative to non-renewable energy
sources. Due to negative impact of convectional energy sources
on the environment, Renewable energy resources become
popular now a day. Solar energy sources are one of them [1].
Now a days, energy based on photo-voltaic cell has becomes
most popular as renewable energy resources [2]. Photovoltaic
grid integrated system has developed rapidly due to continuous
cost reduction and incentives obtained by government in past
years [3]. The main problem for penetration and reach of p-v
system is their high cost and relatively low efficiency. In solar
Photovoltaic system, the optimum efficiency which is derive
mainly by three facts: First p-v panel efficiency (which is
between 7-16%), Second inverter efficiency (which is
approximate 90-97%) and the efficiency of MPPT algorithms
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ASHOK KUMAR PANDEY
Electrical Engineering Department
Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology
Gorakhpur, India
akp1234@gmail.com
(which is over 98%) [4-6]. In Photovoltaic system integrated to
grid, the grid inverter which is three inverter in this paper is an
important component which invert dc power which is obtain
from the p-v system arrays into alternating power to
synchronized voltage and frequency of connected utility grid.
Photovoltaic plant, basically consist of p-v array, MPPT unit,
three level inverter, step-up converter and utility grid.
Figure 1. Simplified schematic diagram of the grid-connected PV system
P-V arrays convert the solar irradiation which is comes from
solar energy into dc power. A MPPT algorithm is also
connected to the p-v arrays which allow the p-v array to
produce maximum power. The unidirectional power is obtained
then change into ac power with the help of three levels inverter
and then this ac power is filter through LC filter and fed to
utility grid. A boost converter is also connected which provide
link between MPPT and inverter for boost purpose [7-9]. In
order to match the inverter output current with the grid voltage
and reduce the total harmonic distortions (THD), The VSC
controller is used in this paper. The complete Simulink model
of system which is explain is display in figure (7).
II. P-V GENERATION
A p-v generator is combination of solar cells, supports and
part of protection etc. But this paper, the focus mainly on
cell/array/module [10]. Solar cell is similar to solid state p-n
junction device fabricated by (usually silicon) semi-conductor
material. When the sun light is hit on solar cell, the photons
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MAJHRUL ISRAR et al: Modeling and Control of Utility Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic Array Integrated System Using MATLAB
absorption take place and electron-hole pairs may be created Diode current (ID) and the solar cell output current is given
which is shown in figure (2). If these electron-hole pair which by [12].
is mobile charge carriers reaches the vicinity of the junction,
cause production of electric field in the depletion region will
force the holes towards p-side and electrons towards n-side and
because of a voltage is generation which is used to deliver
current to the load [11]. These current is proportional to the
incident radiation.
I = IL-ID-Isc

Where:
I: Current of solar cell (A)
Isc: Short circuit current (with assuming no series/ shunt
resistance)
ID : Saturation current of diode (A)
q : Electron charge (1.6*10-19C)
Figure 2. Generic PV cell k : Boltzmann constant (1.38064*10-23J/Kelvin)
T : Temperature in Kelvin (K)
III. THE MODEL OF P-V CELL. V : Output voltage of solar cell (V)
A simple ideal equivalent circuit model for cell obtain by Rs : Series resistance of solar cell (Ω)
the parallel combination of an ideal current source and real
diode as indicated in figure (3). Rsh : Shunt resistance of solar cell (Ω)
In this paper, the parameter specification of PV module
used is given in Table (I)

TABLE I. SPECIFICATIONS OF SUNPOWER SPR-305-WHT OF PV CELL

Parameters Values

Voltage at peak power point (Vp) 54.70 (V)

Current at peak power point ( Ip) 5.580 (A)

Open circuit voltage ( Vocv) 64.20 (V)

Short-circuit current ( Iscc ) 5.960 (A)

Figure 3. Fundamental circuit representation of solar cell
Coefficient of Temp (Vocc) -0.177 (V/deg.C)
The ideal parallel current source produces a current that is
proportional to the solar radiation intensity which is hit. To Coefficient of Temp ( Iscc) 0.003516 (A/deg.C)
obtain practical model this is derived by ideal model after
Coefficient of Temp (Vp) -0.186 (V/deg.C)
considering following parameters.
Coefficient of Temp ( Ip ) -0.00212 (A/deg.C)
x The diode reserved saturation current (Is) Modules connected in series 5 (Nser)
which temperature dependent.
Strings in parallel 50 (Npar)
x Photo current (Ip) which is also temperature
dependent.

IV. MPPT TECHNIQUE (INCREMENTAL

x Resistance in series (Rs) that provide right
shape among the MP point and open circuit voltage CONDUCTANCE)
(Voc). IncCond. MPPT algorithm is worked on power- voltage (P-
V) characteristic, At MPPT point, the slope of curve is zero. It
provides positive value from left hand side of MP point and
negative value from right hand side of MP point on p-v curve

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[13]. For a photovatic system, the derivative of panel output

power with respect to its voltage is given as.
( ) ∆
= = +I=I+
∆

Hence,

Therefore, MP point is obtain by balancing the

∆
instantaneous conductance ( ) to incremental conductance ( )
∆
[14,15]. IncCond method has same efficiency as P & O;
perform well under rapid changing atmospheric conditions.
This method also suffers the problem that is perturb size as in
case of Perturb & Observe method and tries to eliminate by
taking size of step variable [16]. The P & O method have
drawback of oscillation of operation point in varying irradiance
condition which is elimination in IncCond method [17]. The
IncCond MPPT technique adjusts the PWM signal of the
converter to obtain MPPT Condition. The flow chat of IncCond
method is shown in figure (4) [18].

V. BOOST/STEP-UP CONVERTER (DC TO DC)

Drawback of step-down/buck dc-dc converter is that when
converter switch is on it transfer power from input to output but
when converter switch is off zero output value across p-v
module is obtain which gives the point of operation stay near
the open circuit voltage which provide losses. Boost converter
gives a dc output voltage which is more than the applied dc
input voltage, filter which consisting of inductor and capacitor, Figure 4. IncCond. MPPT algorithm
is utilized to decrease ripple in dc output voltage and dc output
current respectively and is connected at output terminal of the
converter. The operating principle step-up/boost converter
consists two different states of operation.
x When switch is on that is switch is close, result an
increase in current.
x When switch is off that is open, result in reducing
in inductor current [19].

Figure 5. Circuit representation of Boost/step up Converter

Output voltage of dc-dc step up converter which is given

by,

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MAJHRUL ISRAR et al: Modeling and Control of Utility Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic Array Integrated System Using MATLAB
Vo = VII. SIMULINK MODEL OF SYSTEM

Where,
V0= DC Output voltage of converter.
Vs= DC Input voltage of converter.
D= Duty ratio.
Hence, by varying duty ratio we can obtain constant voltage
at maximum power with the help of IncCond MPP technique.

TABLE II. SPECIFICATIONS OF CONVERTER

Parameter Value
Series resistance of input port (ohm) 0.0050
Series inductance of input port (H) 5.19e-6
Input capacitance (F) 100.12e-6
Output capacitance (F) 12000.59e-6

VI. CONTROLLER
It is consisting of two controller which is power controller Figure 7.Simulink/Matlab model of complete system
and current controller. Power controller senses the grid voltage
and current and provides the corresponding grid active and
reactive power as per requirement of the circuit. Power VIII. DISCUSSION OF SIMULATION RESULTS
controller also sense three level inverter output voltages and
For MATLAB simulation results temperatures and solar
current and provide the active and reactive power respectively.
irradiances data are used which are displayed by wave forms
After that with the help of PI controller we get the direct axis
shown in Figure (9) and (11).The P-V and I-V characteristics
reference current (Iref) which is in the form of input to another
of solar module are mostly affected by temperature and solar
controller that is current controller. We also sense the voltage
irradiance variation. When solar irradiance is changes which
and current of the load and decide RMS values of load voltage
affected by condition of environment, the point at which
and current. With the help of PI controller we also get
maximum power is obtain is changes. IncCond. MPPT
quadrature axis reference current which form another input of
algorithm keeps constant maximum power. Temperature
current controller. The main purpose of current controller is to
variation also affects the solar PV module, when temperature
provide triggering pulse according to reference values. The
is more which decrease Voc (open circuit voltage) which result
inverter value output current is taken by using MATLAB
extra energy required to cross barrier. So efficiency of the cell
software converts the current into direction quadrature axis
decreases. All corresponding results are shown in wave form.
current, there direct and quadrature axis current and current
Grid voltage wave form also display in figure (8) and FFT
obtain by power controller is compare by using PI controller
(Fourier transfer analysis) is done and THD is calculated
we get pulse [20].
which is 1.61% in this paper.

Figure 8. Grid voltage

Figure 6. Control Strategy For Grid Connection and pulse production

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2017 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy, Information and Communication (ICCPEIC)

Figure 9. V-I & P-V Characteristics PV module Figure 11. P-V characteristics with different irradiance

IX. CONCLUSION
A SIMULINK model of solar p-v system link to grid is
explained in this section. Complete model of modeling and
control of solar p-v system are developed and presented. This
model explains solar p-v cell behaviors into account the effect
of physical and environmental condition based on solar
radiation and cell temperature. The VSC controller is used to
synchronize p-v cell plant, step-up converter and inverter with
utility grid. This model can also be used as a tool to forecast
the nature of grid connected p-v plant under solar radiation and
temperature change.

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