IIT JAM 2023 Solution

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IIT JAM 2023 Solution

Section A: Q.1-Q.10 Carry ONE mark each.
Q.1 For a cubic unit cell, the dashed arrow in which of the following figures represents the direction
[220]?
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
Topic- Solid State Physics

Sub Topic- Crystallography
Ans. : (C)
Solution: From the concept Miller and direction indices
Q.2 Which of the following fields has non-zero curl?
(A) xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ
(B)  y  z  iˆ   x  z  ˆj   x  y  kˆ
(C) y 2iˆ   2 xy  z 2  ˆj  2 yzkˆ
(D) xyiˆ  2 yzjˆ  3 xzkˆ

Topic- Mathematical Physics
Sub Topic- Vector Analysis
Ans. : (D)
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iˆ ˆj kˆ
  
Solution: (A)   E   i  0  0   j  0  0   kˆ  0  0   0
x y z
x y z
iˆ ˆj kˆ
  
(B)   E   i 1  1  ˆj 1  1  kˆ 1  1  0
x y z
yz x z xz
iˆ ˆj kˆ
  
(C)   E   iˆ  2 z  2 z   ˆj  0  0   kˆ  2 y  2 y   0
x y z
y2  2 xy  z  2
2 yz
iˆ ˆj kˆ
  
(D )   E   i  0  2 y   j  3 z  0   kˆ  0  x   0
x y z
xy 2 yz 3 xz
Q.3 Which of the following statements about the viscosity of a dilute ideal gas is correct?
(A) It is independent of pressure at fixed temperature
(B) It increases with increasing pressure at fixed temperature
(C) It is independent of temperature
(D) It decreases with increasing temperature
Topic- Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
Sub Topic- Kinetic Theory of Gas
Ans. : (A)
mv 
Solution: Viscosity is defined as      T .Thus, is independent of pressure at a fix
3 2 d 2
temperature.
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Q.4 The plot of the function f  x   x  1 is
(A) (B)
(C) (D)

Sub Topic- Graph Plotting
Ans. : (B)
Solution: At x  1, x  1  f  x   1  1  0 & at x  0, x  o  f  x   0 1  1
We can see only option (B) is satisfying the condition.

Q.5 A system has 𝑁 spins, where each spin is capable of existing in 4 possible states. The difference
in entropy of disordered states (where all possible spin configurations are equally probable) and
ordered states is
(A) 2  N  1 kB ln 2 (B)  N  1 kB ln 2
(C) 4k B ln N (D) k B ln 2

Sub Topic- Statistical Mechanics
Ans. : (A)
Solution: 4 possible states & disorder w  4 N
Entropy S1  k B ln  4   2 Nk B ln 2
N
For disorder w  4 , S2  kB ln4
S1  S2  NkB ln4  kB ln4   N 1 kB ln4  2  N 1 kB ln 2
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Q.6 Temperature ( T ) dependence of the total specific heat ( CV ) for a two dimensional metallic solid
at low temperatures is
CV CV
(A) T (B) T
T T2
CV CV
(C) T (D)
T T
Sub Topic- Heat Capacity
Ans. : (A)
Solution: Electronic part of heat capacity is Ce  AT
Phonon heat capacity c ph  BT d , d  Dimension  In 2  D, d  2  C ph  BT 2
cv
Total heat capacity Cv  AT  BT 2   A  BT . Thus, correct option will be (A)
T
Q.7 For the following circuit, choose the correct waveform corresponding to the output signal ( Vout ).
Given Vin  5sin  200 t  V , forward bias voltage of the diodes (𝐷 and 𝑍) = 0.7 V and reverse
Zener voltage  3V .
(A) (B)
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(C) (D)
Topic- Electronics
Sub Topic- Zener Diode
Ans. : (A)
Solution: Applying up to the voltage of 3 volt, both diode and Zener-diode is open (Conducting). Above
3 volt input, the Zener will not con duct so the voltage will be
fixed. Again below 3 volt input, The output feature will be
similar as input.
In the negative cycle of input, the diode is reverse and Zener is
forward bias. In this negative cycle, the out will be varies as
input. However, above 0.7 volt the Zener will act like a Battery.
Therefore, above 0.7-volt input, the output will be constant.
Q.8 If the ground state energy of a particle in an infinite potential well of width L1 is equal to the
L1
energy of the second excited state in another infinite potential well of width L2 , then the ratio
L2
is equal to
(A) 1 (B) 1/3 (C) 1/ 3 (D) 1/ 9
Topic- Modern Physics
Sub Topic- Particle in a box
Ans. : (B)
n 2 2  2
Solution: The energy of 1-D Infinite square well box is E 
2ml 2
12  22 32 22

In ground state n  1, E1  & in second excited state n  3, E3 
2mL12 2mL22
12  2  2 32  2 2 L 1
According to given condition 2
 2
 1
2mL1 2mL2 L2 3
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R1
Q.9 In the given circuit, with an ideal op-amp for what value of the output of the amplifier
R2
Vout  V2  V1 ?
(A) 1 (B) ½ (C) 2 (D) 3/2

Topic- Electronics
Sub Topic- OPAMP
Ans. : (A)
v2 R2
Solution: For given configuration vout  v1  v2 , and v 
R1  R2
v1  v v  vout
From Kirchhoff’s law i1  i2    v1  2v  vout  v  v2
R R
v2 vR R
v   2 2  1 1
2 R1  R2 R2
Q.10 A projectile of mass 𝑚 is moving in the vertical x-y plane with the origin on the ground and y-axis
pointing vertically up. Taking the gravitational potential energy to be zero on the ground, the total
energy of the particle written in planar polar coordinates (𝑟, 𝜃) is (here 𝑔 is the acceleration due to
gravity)
m 2 m 2
(A)
2
r  mgr sin  (B)
2
 
r  r 2 2  mgr cos 
m 2 m 2
(C)
2
 
r  r 2 2  mgr sin  (D)
2
 
r  r 2 2  mgr cos 
Topic- Mechanics
Sub Topic-Projectile Motion
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Ans. : (B)
m . 2 . 2 
Solution: The total energy can be written as follows E  T  V , T  x  y 
2 
. . .
In polar coordinate x  r sin( )  x  r sin( )  r  cos( ) and
. . .
y  r cos( )  x  r cos( )  r  sin( ) y
Pm
.2 . 2 .2 . 2
Thus, x  y  r  r  2
 x, y 
Potential energy V  mgy  mgr sin( ) r y

y x g V 0
m . 2 . 2  x
Now E  T  V  T   x  y   mgr sin( )
2 
m . 2 2 . 2 
E  T  V  T   r  r    mgr sin( )
2 
Section A: Q.11-Q.30 Carry TWO marks each.
Q.11 A small bar magnet is dropped through different hollow copper tubes with same length and inner
diameter but with different outer diameter. The variation in the time (t) taken for the magnet to
reach the bottom of the tube depends on its wall thickness (𝑑) as
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
Topic- Electricity and Magnetism

Sub Topic- Magnetostatic
Ans. : (C)
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Q.12 Two digital inputs 𝐴 and 𝐵 are given to the following circuit. For 𝐴 = 1, 𝐵 = 0, the values of 𝑋 and
𝑌 are: A B
(A) X  1, Y  0 (B) X  0, Y  1 (C) X  0, Y  0 (D) X  1, Y  1

Topic-Electronics
Sub Topic- Digital Electronics
Ans. : (B)
Solution: Rule of binary algebra
(a) 𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴 + 𝐵(1 + 𝐴) = 𝐴 + 𝐵 & (𝐴 + 𝐵)𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐵
By applying this, we will get 𝑋 = 𝐴 + 𝐵 & 𝑌 = 𝐴𝐵
When A  1, B  0,  X  1, & Y  0
A B
A+B A+B
X = A+B
AB
A+B
AB
AB Y = AB
AB
Q.13 The Jacobian matrix for transforming from (x, y) to another orthogonal coordinates system (u, v)
as shown in the figure is y v
450
 0,0 x
1 1 1  1  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) 1 1 (B)   (C)   (D)  
2   2  1 1 2 1 1  2 1 1
Sub Topic- Matrices
Ans. : (C)
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 au  av bu  bv 

 u   a b   x   u   a b  u / 2  v / 2   2 2 
Solution:     
           
 v   c d   y   v   c d   u / 2  v / 2   cu  cv  du  dv 
 2 2 

u
a  b u   a  b  v & v  c  d  u  c  d  v
 
2  2  2 2
a b ab cd cd
 1,  0,  0, 1
2 2 2 2
2a 1 2b 1 1 2 d
 1, a  ,  1, b   ,c  ,  1
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b  1 1 1
Thus,     
c d  2 1 1 
Q.14 A rotating disc is held in front of a plane mirror in two different orientations which are (i) angular
momentum parallel to the mirror and (ii) angular momentum perpendicular to the mirror. Which
of the following schematic figures correctly describes the angular momentum (solid arrow) and its
mirror image (shown by dashed arrows) in the two orientations?
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
Topic- Oscillation, Waves and Optics

Sub Topic- Ray Optics
Ans. : (B)
Solution: From the concept of mirror image and also we have to apply velocity direction of image with
respect to mirror UO UM  VI VO
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1 1 0 
Q.15 Inverse of the matrix 2 3 0
1 0 1 
 1 2 1   3 1 0 
(A)  1 3 0 (B)  2 1 0
 0 0 1   3 1 1 
 1 1 0   3 2 3
(C)  2 3 0  (D)  2 1 1 
 1 0 1   0 0 1 

Sub Topic- Matrices
Ans. : (B)
1 1 0
AdjA
Solution: We know A1  . Given 𝐴 = 2 3 0
DetA 1 0 1
3 −1 0
For this matrix DetA=1 and AdjA  −2 1 0
−3 1 1
3 −1 0
Thus, A1  −2 1 0
−3 1 1
  
Q.16 Suppose the divergence of magnetic field B is nonzero and is given as   B  0 m , where 0 is
the permeability of vacuum and  m is the magnetic charge density. If the corresponding magnetic
   
current density is J m , then the curl  E of the electric field E is
   
 B  B  B  B
(A) J m  (B) 0 J m  (C)  J m  (D)  0 J m 
t t t t
Sub Topic- Maxwell’s Equation
Ans. : (D)
 
Solution: As we know      E   0 Given   B  0  m
 B
We know  E  & E  
0 t
B
We know   E   0 jm 
t
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  B 
   E   0 jm   B  .  0 jm  
t  t 
 B 
Thus,   E    0 jm  
 t 
1  V 
Q.17 For a thermodynamic system, the coefficient of volume expansion     and
V  T  P
1  V 
compressibility K     , where 𝑉, 𝑇, and 𝑃 are respectively the volume, temperature, and
V  P T
dV
pressure. Considering that is a perfect differential, we get
V
    K      K 
(A)     (B)     
 P T  T  P  T  P  P T
    K      K 
(C)      (D)    
 P T  T  P  T  P  P T
Sub Topic- Thermodynamic Process
Ans. : (C)
1  V     1  V   V 
Solution:        2    
V  T P  P P V  T P  T  P
1  V   k  1  V   V 
k    ,   2    
V  P T  P T V  P T  P T
Q.18 A linearly polarized light of wavelength 590 nm is incident normally on the surface of a 20  m
thick quartz film. The plane of polarization makes an angle 300 with the optic axis. Refractive
indices of ordinary and extraordinary waves differ by 0.0091, resulting in a phase difference of
f  between them after transmission. The value of f (rounded off to two decimal places) and the
state of polarization of the transmitted light is
(A) 0.62 and linear (B) 0.62 and elliptical
(C) – 0.38 and elliptical (D) 0.5 and circular
Sub Topic- Polarisation
Ans. : (B)
Solution: From the given information we can say that the amplitude of component of O-Ray
Eo E
E y  Eo Sin(30)  . And the amplitude of component of E-Ray Ex  Eo cos(30)  3 o
2 2
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So, the both amplitudes are different. Hence, it will be elliptical if the phase differences between
emerging rays are not equal to 0,  , 2 ..... so on.
The optical path difference  no  nE  t  0.0091 20 106 .

2 2
Phase difference    no  nE  t  0.0091  20 106  0.62 .
 590 10 9
Obviously, the phase difference is not integer multiple of  thus it will be elliptical with
  0.62
Q.19 The phase velocity v p of transverse waves on a one-dimensional crystal of atomic separation 𝑑 is
related to the wavevector 𝑘 as

sin  kd / 2 
vp  C
 kd / 2 
The group velocity of these waves is
 sin  kd / 2  
(A) C cos  kd / 2    (B) C cos  kd / 2 
  kd / 2  
 sin  kd / 2   sin  kd / 2 
(C) C  cos  kd / 2    (D) C
  kd / 2    kd / 2 
Sub Topic- Wave Packet
Ans. : (B)
d
Solution: We know that v g  , Where   v p k
dk
sin  kd / 2  k
Given that v p  C . Thus,   C sin( kd / 2)
kd / 2 (kd / 2)
d kd / 2
vg   C cos(kd / 2)  C cos( kd / 2)
dk (kd / 2)
Q.20 In a dielectric medium of relative permittivity 5, the amplitudes of the displacement current and
conduction current are equal for an applied sinusoidal voltage of frequency f  1 MHz . The value
of conductivity (in  1m 1 ) of the medium at this frequency is

(A) 2.78  10 4 (B) 2.44  10 4 (C) 2.78  10 3 (D) 2.44  103
Sub Topic- Concept of Displacement Current
Ans. : (A)
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Solution: V  V0 sin 2 10 t

6
E 5t0 V
J d  5t0  V0  2  10 6 cos( t )   0 sin 2  10 6 t  5  8.85  10 12  2  5  10 6
t d d
 277.89  10 6  2.7789  10 4
 
Q.21 For a given vector F   yiˆ  zjˆ  x 2 kˆ , the surface integral     F   rdS
S
ˆ over the surface S of a
hemisphere of radius R with the centre of the base at the origin is
2 R 2 2 R 2
(A)  R 2 (B) (C)  R 2 (D) 
3 3
Sub Topic- Vector Algebra
Ans. : (A)
 
Solution: Given that, 𝐹⃗ = −𝑦𝚤ˆ + 𝑧𝚥ˆ + 𝑥 𝑘ˆ    F   rds
s
ˆ   F  dl
l
2
  
   yiˆ  zjˆ  x 2 kˆ  dxiˆ  dyjˆ    ydx
z 0
   R sin  R   sin   d    R 2  sin 2  d   R 2
0
Q.22 In the circuit shown, assuming the current gain   100 and
VBE  0.7V , what will be the collector voltage VC in V ?
Given: VCC  15V , R1  100 k , R2  50 k , RC  4.7 k 

and RE  3.3 k 
(A) 8.9 (B) 5.1
(C) 4.3 (D) 3.2
Topic- Electronics
Sub Topic- Transistor
Ans. : (Answer not matched)
Solution: Given 𝛽 = 100 and 𝑉 = 0.7 V 𝑉 = 15 V, 𝑅 = 100kΩ, 𝑅 = 50kΩ, 𝑅 = 4.7kΩ, and
𝑅 = 3.3kΩ
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R2 50  103
VBE  VCC  15  5Volt , VE  VBE  VB  5  0.7  4.3 Volt
R1  R2 150 103
VE 4.3
ic  iE    1.3 mA & Vc  Vcc  I c Rc  15  1.3  4.7  8.9Volt
RE 3.3  103
Q.23 A uniform stick of length l and mass m pivoted at its top end is oscillating with an angular
frequency r . Assuming small oscillations, the ratio r / s , where s is the angular frequency
of a simple pendulum of the same length, will be
3 1
(A) 3 (B) (C) 2 (D)
2 3
Sub Topic- Oscillation
Ans. : (B)
mgl '
Solution: We know that the angular frequency of stick r 
I
Where l ' is the distance from the centre of gravity to point of suspension (end point here) and I
is the moment of Inertia about the point of suspension.
2 2 2
l ml ml ml
From the given information we can say l '  and I   
2 12 4 3
l
mg
r  2  3g  3  r  3
2 s
ml 2l 2 s 2
3
Q.24 An oil film in air of thickness 255 nm is illuminated by white light at normal incidence. As a
consequence of interference, which colour will be predominantly visible in the reflected light?
Given the refractive index of oil = 1.47
(A) Red (~650 nm) (B) Blue (~450 nm)
(C) Green (~500 nm) (D) Yellow (~560 nm)
Sub Topic- Thin film interference
Ans. : (C)
Solution: Condition for constructive interference in thin film
 3 5
2  t cos( r )  , , .....
2 2 2
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3
For normal incident r  00 And we have to compare here with path difference .
2
3 4  t 4  255 1.47
Thus, 2  t      500 nm  Green
2 3 3
Q.25 Water from a tank is flowing down through a hole at its bottom with velocity 5 ms 1 . If this water
falls on a flat surface kept below the hole at a distance of 0.1m and spreads horizontally, the
pressure (in kNm 2 ) exerted on the flat surface is closest to

Given: acceleration due to gravity  9.8 ms 2 and density of water  1000kgm 3
(A) 13.5 (B) 27.0 (C) 17.6 (D) 6.8
Topic- Mechanics
Sub Topic- Fluid Mechanics
Ans. : (B)
Solution: Mass flow rate = Density x Velocity x Area
Momentum flow rate = Force = Density x Velocity2 x Area
Pressure  Density  Velocity 2
Now, Velocity 2  52  2 gh  52  2 10  0.1  27
Pressure  Density  Velocity 2  1000  27

Q.26 At the planar interface of two dielectrics, which of the following statements related to the electric
  
field ( E ), electric displacement ( D ) and polarization ( P ) is true?
 
(A) Normal component of both D and P are continuous
 
(B) Normal component of both D and E are discontinuous
 
(C) Normal component of D is continuous and that of P is discontinuous
 
(D) Normal component of both E and P are continuous
Sub Topic- Boundary Condition
Ans. : (C)
a b 
Solution: E1  E1  and Boundary condition E11a  E11b  0 , D1a  D1b   f , Da11  Db11  Pa11  Pb11 ,
0
Da1  Db1  0 , Pa1  Pb1  0
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Q.27 Consider a system of large number of particles that can be in three energy states with energies
0 meV , 1meV , and 2 meV . At temperature T  300 K , the mean energy of the system (in meV)
is closest to
Given: Boltzmann constant k B  0.086 meVK 1
(A) 0.12 (B) 0.97 (C) 1.32 (D) 1.82
Topic- Kinetic Theory and Thermodynamics
Sub Topic- Partition Function
Ans.: (B)
Solution: z  e   0  e   1  e   2  1  e    e 2 
1 z 1  2  e   2e2 
Mean energy U     0  1e  2e 
 1  e   e 2   0.97

z  1  e   e2  
Q.28 For the Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution, the ratio of the root-mean-square speed ( vrms ) and
the most probable speed ( vmax ) is
Given: Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution function for a collection of particles of mass 𝑚 is

3/ 2
 m   mv 2 
f v    4 v 2
exp  
 2 k BT   2k BT 
where, v is the speed and k BT is the thermal energy.
3 2 3 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 2 3
Sub Topic- Maxwell Boltzmann Distribution
Ans. : (A)
3kBT 2kBT V 3
Solution: Vrms  ,Vmf   rms 
m m Vmf 2
Q.29 In an extrinsic p-type semiconductor, which of the following schematic diagram depicts the
variation of the Fermi energy level ( EF ) with temperature (𝑇)?
(A) (B)
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(C) (D)
Topic- Electronics
Sub Topic- Semiconductor Physics
Ans. : (A)
Solution: The Fermi level of P-type semiconductor can be written as follows
NA
EFP  EF  kBT ln( )
ni
As we know that then Fermi level at normal temperature is close to the valance band. However, if
we increase the temperature beyond the range, the intrinsic carrier concentration ni will in crease .
As it becomes ni  NA then EFP  EF . Thus, correct representation for Fermi level for P-type is
shown in figure A.
Q.30 A container is occupied by a fixed number of non-interacting particles. If they are obeying Fermi-
Dirac, Bose-Einstein, and Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, the pressure in the container is PFD , PBE
and PMB , respectively. Then
(A) PFD  PMB  PBE (B) PFD  PMB  PBE
(C) PFD  PBE  PMB (D) PFD  PMB  PBE

Sub Topic- Statistical Distribution
Ans. : (A)
/ ℏ
Solution: In Fermi gas 𝑃𝑉 = 𝑁𝑘𝑇 1 + ( ) /
/ ℏ
In Bose gas 𝑃𝑉 = 𝑁𝑘𝑇 1 − ( ) /
In MB gas 𝑃𝑉 = 𝑁𝑘𝑇. Thus, PBE  PM B  PF D
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Section A: Q.31-Q.40 Carry TWO marks each.

Q.31 The spectral energy density uT    vs wavelength (  ) curve of a black body shows a peak at
  max . If the temperature of the black body is doubled, then
(A) the maximum of uT    shifts to max / 2
(B) the maximum of uT    shifts to 2max
(C) the area under the curve becomes 16 times the original area
(D) the area under the curve becomes 8 times the original area
Sub Topic- Black Body Radiation
Ans. : (A and C)
u
Solution: u   T 4 as T  2T u    16T 4   16
u
m 2 
mT  b as m 2T  b   1  m  m
m 2
Q.32 A periodic function f  x   x 2 for   x   is expanded in a Fourier series. Which of the
following statement(s) is/are correct?

(A) Coefficients of all the sine terms are zero
2
(B) The first term in the series is
3
(C) The second term in the series is 4 cos x
(D) Coefficients of all the cosine terms are zero
Sub Topic- Fourier Series
Ans. : (A, B, C)
Solution: f  x   x 2 ,    x  
a0 
f  x    an cos x
2 n 1
 
1 2 1  3 2 2 2 a 2
 x 2 dx   x dx    
2
a0   0 
 
 0
 3 3 2 3
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Second term
2 2
a1   x 2   x   2    ax   2   x     2   cos      4
 

1 2
a1   x
2
cos xdx   x 2  sin x   1  cos x    4

 

Since, the function is Even. Thus, sine term will be zero.
Since, the function is Even. Thus, sine term will be non-zero.
1 1 1
Q.33 The state of a harmonic oscillator is given as    0   1   2 , where  0 , 1 and  2
3 6 2
are the normalized wave functions of ground, first excited, and second excited states, respectively.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?
1
(A) A measurement of the energy of the system yields E   with non-zero probability
2
5
(B) A measurement of the energy of the system yields E   with non-zero probability
3
5
(C) Expectation value of the energy of the system E  
3
7
(D) Expectation value of the energy of the system E  
6
Sub Topic- Harmonic Oscillator
Ans. : (A, & C)
Solution:
1 1 1
Given 𝜓 = 𝜓𝜓 − 𝜓 +
√6 √3
√2
1 1 1 2+1+3 6
Total probability + + = = =1
3 6 2 6 6
1𝑚𝜔 𝑥
For harmonic oscillator 𝑉(𝑥) = and 𝐸 = (𝑛 + 1/2)ℎ𝜔
2
ℏ𝜔 1 3 1 5 1
Probability of a specific state 𝑃 = 𝑃 ℏ𝜔 = 𝑃 ℏ𝜔 =
2 3 2 6 2 2
ℏ𝜔 1 3 1 5 1 5
⟨𝐸⟩ = ∑𝐸 𝑃(𝐸 ) = × + ℏ𝜔 × + ℏ𝜔 × = ℏ𝜔
2 3 2 6 2 2 3
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Q.34 A rod of mass 𝑀, length 𝐿 and non-uniform mass per unit length
3Mx 2
  x  , is held horizontally by a pivot, as shown in the figure, and
L3
is free to move in the plane of the figure. For this rod, which of the Pivot
L
following statements are true?
(A) Moment of inertia of the rod about an axis passing through the pivot is
3
ML2
5
1
(B) Moment of inertia of the rod about an axis passing through the pivot is ML2
3
3
(C) Torque on the rod about the pivot is MgL
4
2L
(D) If the rod is released, the point at a distance from the pivot will fall with acceleration g
3
Topic- Mechanics
Sub Topic- Moment of Inertia
Ans. : (A, & C)
Solution: Given 𝜆 =
L
dm 3m
We know I 0   dm  x 2 ,    dm   dx  I 0  2  x 4 dx
dx L o
3𝑀 𝐿 3𝑀𝐿
= × =
𝐿 5 5 3𝑀 ∫ 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑚 3 dm
𝑥 = = 𝐿 = 𝐿
∫ 𝑑𝑚 3𝑀 4
∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 O
𝐿 dx
3𝐿 3 xL
Torque, 𝜏⃗ = 𝑟⃗ × 𝐹⃗ = × Mgsin 90 = 𝑀𝑔𝐿
4 4
Q.35 Which of the following schematic plots correctly represent(s) a first order phase transition
occurring at temperature T  TC ? Here g , s, v are specific Gibbs free energy, entropy and volume,
respectively.
(A) (B)
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(C) (D)

Sub Topic- Gibbs Free Energy
Ans. : (B, and C)
Solution: We know that the Gibbs free energy can be written as dG  Vdp  Sdt
In first order, first derivative of Gibbs free energy will be discontinuous.
Thus, correct plot will be described in B, C, and D
Q.36 A particle ( p1 ) of mass 𝑚 moving with speed 𝑣 collides with a stationary identical particle ( p2 ).
The particles bounce off each other elastically with p1 getting deflected by an angle   30 0 from
its original direction. Then, which of the following statement(s) is/are true after the collision?
3
(A) Speed of p1 is v
2
(B) Kinetic energy of p2 is 25% of the total energy
(C) Angle between the directions of motion of the two particles is 900
(D) The kinetic energy of the centre of mass of p1 and p2 decreases
Topic- Mechanics
Sub Topic- Collision Kinematics
Ans. : (A,B,C)
Solution: The angle between the direction of motion of two particles are 90 0
The conservation of linear momentum along x (chosen)
3 1
mv  0  mv1 cos(30)  mv2 cos(60)  v  v1  v2 .....(1)
2 2
P2 mv
2
v 600
x̂
m m 300
P1 P2 mv1
P1
The conservation of linear momentum along y (chosen)
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v1
0  0  mv1 sin(30)  mv2 sin(60)  v2  ....(2)
3
3 1 v  1  2v1 1
Now, v  v1  v2  1  3     v1  3v
2 2 2 3 3 2
v1 1 1 1
Now, from equation 2 v2   v2  3v  v
3 32 2
1 2 11 2 1
T2  mv 2  mv  T  25% of T
2 42 4
Q.37 A wave travelling along the x-axis with y representing its displacement is described by (𝑣 is the
speed of the wave)
y 1 y y 1 y
(A)  0 (B)  0
 x v t x v t
2 y 1 2 y 2 y 1 2 y
(C)  0 (D)  0
x 2 v 2 t 2 x 2 v 2 t 2
Sub Topic- Wave Propagation
Ans. : (A, B, D)
2 y 2
2  y
Solution: The differential form of wave equation  v ........(1)
t 2 x 2
Its solution will be y  A sin( t  kx ).......(2) & y  A sin( t  kx ) .........(3)
From first equation we can say,
2 y 1 2 y
 0
x 2 v 2 t 2
From second equation,
dy dy dy   dy
 A cos(t  kx) ,   Ak cos(t  kx)     Ak cos(t  kx)  
dt dx dt k k dx
dy dy dy dy
 v 0  0
dt dx vdt dx
From third equation,
dy dy dy   dy
 A cos(t  kx) ,  Ak cos(t  kx)    Ak cos(t  kx) 
dt dx dt k k dx
dy dy dy dy
 v  0   0
dt dx vdt dx
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Q.38 An objective lens with half angular aperture a is illuminated with light of wavelength  . The
refractive index of the medium between the sample and the objective is n . The lateral resolving
power of the optical system can be increased by
(A) decreasing both  and  (B) decreasing  and increasing 

(C) increasing both  and n (D) decreasing  and increasing n
Sub Topic- Microscope
Ans. : (B, C, D)
2 sin( )
Solution: R.P. R.P.  Thus, R.P. decreasing 𝜆 and increasing 𝛼

It is increasing both 𝛼 and 𝑛 . It is decreasing 𝜆 and increasing 𝑛
Q.39 Which of the following statement(s) is/are true for a LC circuit with l  25 mH and C  4  F ?
(A) Resonance frequency is close to 503 Hz
(B) The impedance at 1kHz is 15
(C) At a frequency of 200 Hz , the voltage lags the current in the circuit
(D) At a frequency of 700 Hz , the voltage lags the current in the circuit
Topic- Electronics
Sub Topic-LC Circuit
Ans. : (A, C) or (A, D)
Solution: 𝑐 = 4𝜇F
1 1 1
Resonance frequency (𝜔) = ⇒ 𝑓 = = = 503
√𝐿𝐶 2𝜋 √𝐿𝐶 2𝜋√25 × 10 × 4 × 10
Thus, Option A is correct
Since, 𝑓 = 503 Hz
So, 𝑓 > 𝑓 current lags the voltage & 𝑓 < 𝑓 current leads the voltage.
option C is correct because at 200 Hz voltage lags the current. But, option 𝐷 is not correct becz
at 700H current lags the voltage.
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1
Impedance (𝑧) = 𝑗 𝜔𝐿 − and 𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 = 2000𝜋
𝜔𝑐
1
𝑧 = 𝑗 2000𝜋 × 25 × 10 − = 𝑗(117)
2000 × 𝜋 × 4 × 10
Hence, Option, A, C are correct.
Q.40 For a particle moving in a general central force field, which of the following statement(s) is/are
true?
(A) The angular momentum is a constant of motion
(B) Kepler’s second law is valid
(C) The motion is confined to a plane
(D) Kepler’s third law is valid
Topic- Mechanics
Sub Topic-Central Force Problem
Ans. : (A, B, C)
Solution: The angular momentum is a constant of motion -This statement is always true for central force
problem.
dA
Kepler's second law is valid - This statement is always true because  constant
dt
Motion is confined to a plane: This statement is always true
Kepler's third law is valid-This statement is not always true. In third law we have T 2  a 3
k
which is true for potential like v ( r ) 
r
Section C: Q.41 – Q.50 Carry ONE mark each.
o
Q.41 The lattice constant (in A ) of copper, which has FCC structure, is _________ (rounded off to two
decimal places).
Given: density of copper is 8.91g cm 3 and its atomic mass is 63.55 g mol 1 ; Avogadro’s number
 6.023  1023 mol 1

Sub Topic-Crystal Structure
Ans. : 3.6
Mass
Solution:   8.91 g / cm3 , M cu  63.5 g / mol , N A  6.023  10 23 . We know  
volume
1/ 3
 4  63.5 
For FCC a   23   3.6 A0
 6.023  10  8.91 
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Q.42 Two silicon diodes are connected to a battery and two resistors as shown in the figure. The current
through the battery is __________ A (rounded off to two decimal places).
10 
5
 
5V
Given: The forward voltage drop across each diode = 0.7 V

Topic- Electronics
Sub Topic-Diode
Ans. : 0.43
4.3
Solution: By applying KVL law 5  0.7  10 I  0  I   0.43 amp
10
0.7
10  10 
5
   
I I
5V 5V
Q.43 The absolute error in the value of sin𝜃 if approximated up to two terms in the Taylor’s series for
  600 is ___________ (rounded off to three decimal places).
Sub Topic-Taylor Series
Ans. : 0.011
sin  3
Solution:   0.866
3 2
    3
In Traylor series sin      0.855
 3  3 3 2  27
Error   0.866  0.855  0.011
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Q.44 A single pendulum hanging vertically in an elevator has a time period T0 when the elevator is
stationary. If the elevator moves upward with an acceleration of a  0.2 g , the time period of
T0
oscillations is T1 . Here g is the acceleration due to gravity. The ratio is ____________
T1
(rounded off to two decimal places).
Ans. : 1.09
l l
Solution: T  2  T0  2
g eff g
l l T
T1  2  2  0  1.2  1.09
g  0.2 g 1.2 g T1
Q.45 A spacecraft has speed vs  fc with respect to the earth, where c is the speed of light in vacuum.
An observer in the spacecraft measures the time of one complete rotation of the earth to be 48
hours. The value of f is __________ (rounded off to two decimal places).
Sub Topic- STR
Ans. : 0.85
Solution: From the concept of time dilation
t0 24 v2 1 v2 1 3
t  48   1 2
  1  2
 v c  0.85c
v2 v2 c 2 c 4 2
1 1
c2 c2
 
Q.46 The sum of the x-components of unit vectors r and  for a particle moving with angular speed 2
rad s 1 at angle   2150 is__________ (rounded off to two decimal places)
Topic- Mechanics
Sub Topic- Motion of a Particle in Different Coordinate
Ans. : 2.7
.
Solution: riˆ   iˆ . Given that   215 and   2 rad / s  rˆ  cos( )iˆ  sin( ) ˆj
ˆ   sin( )iˆ  cos( ) ˆj

𝑑𝑟ˆ 𝑑𝜃ˆ
𝚤ˆ = 𝜃˙(− sin 𝜃) & 𝚤ˆ = −𝜃˙ (cos 𝜃)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
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𝚤ˆ + 𝚤ˆ = −𝜃˙(sin 𝜃 + con 𝜃)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
.
At   215 and   2 rad / s
𝚤ˆ + 𝚤ˆ = −𝜃˙(sin 𝜃 + con 𝜃) = 2.7
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Q.47 Consider a spring mass system with mass 0.5 kg and spring constant k  2 Nm 1 in a viscous
medium with drag coefficient b  3 kg s 1 . The additional mass required so that the motion
becomes critically damped is _________ kg (rounded off to three decimal places).
Topic- Oscillation, Waves and optics
Ans. : 0.62
b2 32 9
Solution: b 2  4mk  m     1.12 kg
4k 4  2 8
Excess mass mexcess  1.12  0.5  0.62 kg
Q.48 Unit vector normal to the equipotential surface of V  x, y , z   4 x2  y2  z at (1,2,1) is given by
 aiˆ  bjˆ  ckˆ  . The value of b is _____________ (rounded off to two decimal places).
Sub Topic- Vector Analysis
Ans. : 0.43
Solution: v  4 x  y  z  v  8 xiˆ  2 yjˆ  kˆ

2 2
v1,2,1 8iˆ  4 ˆj  kˆ
Normal unit vector  nˆ    b  0.43
v 1,2,1 9
Q.49 A rectangular pulse of width 0.5 cm is travelling to the right on a taut string (shown by full line in
the figure) that has mass per unit length 1 . The string is attached to another taut string (shown by
dashed line) of mass per unit length  2 . If the tension in both the strings is the same, and the
transmitted pulse has width 0.7 cm, the ratio 1 /  2 is ___________(rounded off to two decimal
places).
Topic- Oscillations, Waves & Optics

Sub Topic- Waves
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Ans. : 1.96
Solution: Frequency of pulse will not change while on moving. Given that, rectangular pulse of width
0.5 cm, we con see as its wavelength.
𝑣 𝑣
⇒ 𝑓 =𝑓 ⇒ = … … . (1)
𝜆 𝜆
𝜆 = 𝜔 = 0.5 cm & 𝜆 = 𝜔 = 0.7 cm
𝑇
Velocity, 𝑣 =
𝜇
where 𝑇 is tension & 𝜇 = moss/lergth
1 𝑇 1 𝑇
From Equation (1) = (𝑇 = 𝑇 )
𝜔 𝜇 𝜔 𝜇
𝜇 𝜔 (0.7) 𝜇
= = ⇒ = 1.96
𝜇 𝜔 (0.5) 𝜇
Q.50 An  particle with energy of 3 MeV is moving towards a nucleus of 50
Sn . Its minimum distance
of approach to the nucleus is f 10 14 m . The value of f is ________ (rounded off to one decimal
place).
Sub Topic- Rutherford Scattering
Ans. : 4.8
Solution: From the conservation of energy, the distance of closest approach can be written as
1 2 Z  Z  e2 e 2 2  50 2  50
mv  k  1 2 x  1.44  Mev  fm   4.8 1014 m
2 4 0 x 4 0 k 3 MeV
Section C: Q.51 – Q.60 Carry TWO marks each.
Q.51 In a X-Ray tube operating at 20 kV, the ratio of the de-Broglie wavelength of the incident electrons
to the shortest wavelength of the generated X-rays is ________ (rounded off to two decimal
places).
Given: e/m ratio for an electron  1.76 1011 C kg 1 and the speed of light in vacuum is 3 108 ms 1
Sub Topic-X-Ray Production
Ans. : 0.14
h h
Solution: The de-Broglie wavelength of incident electron can be written as D  
p 2meeV
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hc
The shortest wavelength of X-ray min 
eV
D 1 V e 1 20  103
The given ratio   1.76  1011  0.14
min c 2 me 3  108 2
Q.52 A point source emitting photons of 2 eV energy and 1 W of power is kept at a distance of 1 m from
a small piece of a photoelectric material of area 10 4 m 2 . If the efficiency of generation of
photoelectrons is 10%, then the number of photoelectrons generated are f 1012 per second. The
value of f is __________ (rounded off to two decimal places).
Given: 1 eV  1.6  1019 J

Sub Topic-Photoelectric Effect
Ans. : 2.48
P 1 1
Solution: I   
A 4 (1) 2
4
1 1
The energy falling on material per unit time x Area of material=  104
4 4
Energy falling on material per unit time
The number of photoelectrons generated is given by 
Energy of Photons
104
  0.1  2.48  1012  f  2.48
4  2  1.6  10 19
Q.53 Consider the  -decay 90

Th 232 88 Ra 228 . In an experiment with one gram of 90
Th232 , the average
count rate (integrated over the entire volume) measured by the 𝛼-detector is 3000 counts s 1 . If
the half life of 90
Th232 is given as 4.4  1017 s , then the efficiency of the  -detector is
___________ (rounded off to two decimal places).

Given: Avogadro’s number  6.023  1023 mol 1
Sub Topic-Radioactivity
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Ans. : 0.73
Solution: The activity or decay rate is defined as A  N0
6.023 1023 0.693 0.693

The value of N0 in one gram of Th 232 is &  
232 t1/ 2 4.4  1017
6.023 1023 0.693

Thus, A    4088
232 4.4 1017
Total count rate 3000
The efficiency is   0.73
Total decay rate 4088
Q.54 In the Thomson model of hydrogen atom, the nuclear charge is distributed uniformly over a sphere
of radius 𝑅. The average potential energy of an electron confined within this atom can be taken as
e2
V  . Taking the uncertainty in position to be the radius of the atom, the minimum value
4 0 R
of 𝑅 for which an electron will be confined within the atom is estimated to be f 10 11 m . The
value of f is ___________ (rounded off to one decimal place).
Given: The uncertainty product of momentum and position is   1 1034 Js 1 , e  1.6  10 19 C ,
1
and  9  109 Nm 2 C 2 .
4 0
Topic- Electrodynamics
Sub Topic-Thomson Experiment
Ans.: 2.2
 2 1 
Q.55 The sum of the eigenvalues 1 and 2 of matrix B  I  A  A2 , where A   
 0.5 0.5
is____________ (rounded off to two decimal places).
Sub Topic-Eigen Value of Matrices
Ans. : 7.7
Solution: B  I  A  A 2
 2 1  2 1
A   A  I  0   0   2    0.5     0.5  0
 0.5 0.5  0.5 0.5  
1  2  0.5   2  0.5  0   2  2.5  1.5  0   2    1.5  1.5  0
   1 1.5   1  0    1, 1.5
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
2
 2 1  2 1   4  0.5 2.5 
A    
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5  1.25 0.25
1 0
I 
0 1
Ir  2
A2  2.5 A  1.5 I  0  A2  A  A  I  I  2.5 A  1.5 I  0
A2  A  I  B  3.5 A  0.5 I
Thus, sum of eigen values of B  i  3.5  0.5r  3.5 2.5  0.5 2.5  7.75
Q.56 A container of volume 𝑉 has helium gas in it with 𝑁 number of He atoms. The mean free path of
these atoms is He . Another container has argon gas with the same number of Ar atoms in volume
2𝑉 with their mean free path being Ar . Taking the radius of Ar atoms to be 1.5 times the radius
of He atoms, the ratio Ar / He is__________ (rounded off to two decimal places).

Sub Topic-KTG
Ans. : 0.88
1 N
Solution: We know that the mean free path   , where, n 
n d 2
V
Volume  2V r 2
 2V r 2
 . Thus, Ar   Ar   8 / 9  0.88
radius 2 He V ( 3 r )2 He V ( 3 r )2
2 2
Q.57 Three frames F0 , F1 and F2 are in relative motion. The frame F0 is at rest, F1 is moving with
velocity v1iˆ with respect to F0 and F2 is moving with velocity v2 iˆ with respect to F1 . A particle
is moving with velocity 𝑣3𝑖̂ with respect to F2 . If v1  v2  v3  c / 2 , where c is the speed of light,
the speed of the particle with respect to F0 is fc . The value of f is ____________ (rounded off
to two decimal places).

Sub Topic- STR
Ans.: 0.93
c c
v1,0  v2,1 
4
Solution: Speed of F2 with respect to the F0 is v2,0   2 2  c
v .v c c 1 5
1  1,0 2 2,1 1  . . 2
c 2 2 c
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Now speed of particle with respect to F0 is

c 4c c(5  8)
v p ,2  v2,0 
13
 2 5  10  c  0.93c  f  0.93
v p ,2 .v2,0 c 4c 1 14 14
1 1 . . 2
c2 2 5 c 10
Q.58 A fission device explodes into two pieces of rest masses 𝑚 and 0.5𝑚 with no loss of energy into
c c
any other form. These masses move apart respectively with speeds and , with respect to
13 2
the stationary frame. If the rest mass of the device is fm then f is________ (rounded off to two
decimal places).
Sub Topic-Nuclear Fission
Ans. : 1.60
m0 c 2 0.5m0c 2 mc 2 0.5mc 2
Solution: From conservation of energy Mc 2      1.62 m
v2 v2 c2 c2
1 2 1 2 1 1 2
c c 13c 2 4c
Q.59 A conducting wire AB of length m has resistance of .6  . It is connected to a voltage source of
0.5 V with negligible resistance as shown in the figure. The corresponding electric and magnetic
   
fields give Poynting vectors S  r  all around the wire. Surface integral  S  da is calculated over
a virtual sphere of diameter 0.2 m with its centre on the wire, as shown. The value of the integral
is ______W (rounded off to three decimal places).

Sub Topic-Poynting Vector
Ans. : 0.03
V 0 I

Solution: P  S .da    d 2 r
2
sin 2   2 d  0.03125    r sin  
0
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Q.60 A metallic sphere of radius 𝑅 is held at electrostatic potential 𝑉. It is enclosed in a concentric thin
3
metallic shell of radius 2𝑅 at potential 2𝑉. If the potential at the distance R from the centre of
2
the sphere is fV , then the value of f is _______ (rounded off to two decimal places).
Sub Topic-Electrostatic Potential
Ans. : 1.66

 Bn 
Solution: V  r ,     An r   Pn  cos  
n
r 0  r n1 
B0 B
V  A0 R 0  , A0  V  0  V  2V  3V
R R
B0
2V  A0  2 R  
0
2R
B0 B
V   0
2R R
 B0
V  , B0   2 RV
2R
3  B 2  4 5
V  R   A0  0  3V  2  fV   3  V  V  f  1.66
2  3 3R  3 3
R
2
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IIT JAM 2023 Solution

Topic- Solid State Physics

(C) y 2iˆ   2 xy  z 2  ˆj  2 yzkˆ

(D) xyiˆ  2 yzjˆ  3 xzkˆ

Q.4 The plot of the function f  x   x  1 is

Topic- Mathematical Physics

We can see only option (B) is satisfying the condition.

Topic- Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics

For disorder w  4 , S2  kB ln4

S1  S2  NkB ln4  kB ln4   N 1 kB ln4  2  N 1 kB ln 2

Phonon heat capacity c ph  BT d , d  Dimension  In 2  D, d  2  C ph  BT 2

12  22 32 22

(A) 1 (B) ½ (C) 2 (D) 3/2

Topic- Electricity and Magnetism

(A) X  1, Y  0 (B) X  0, Y  1 (C) X  0, Y  0 (D) X  1, Y  1

Topic- Oscillation, Waves and Optics

Topic- Mathematical Physics

The optical path difference  no  nE  t  0.0091 20 106 .

related to the wavevector 𝑘 as

of conductivity (in  1m 1 ) of the medium at this frequency is

Solution: V  V0 sin 2 10 t

hemisphere of radius R with the centre of the base at the origin is

Given: VCC  15V , R1  100 k , R2  50 k , RC  4.7 k 

of a simple pendulum of the same length, will be

pressure (in kNm 2 ) exerted on the flat surface is closest to

Now, Velocity 2  52  2 gh  52  2 10  0.1  27

Pressure  Density  Velocity 2  1000  27

Da1  Db1  0 , Pa1  Pb1  0

the most probable speed ( vmax ) is

Given: Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution function for a collection of particles of mass 𝑚 is

and PMB , respectively. Then

(A) PFD  PMB  PBE (B) PFD  PMB  PBE

(C) PFD  PBE  PMB (D) PFD  PMB  PBE

Topic- Kinetic Theory and Thermodynamics

In MB gas 𝑃𝑉 = 𝑁𝑘𝑇. Thus, PBE  PM B  PF D

Section A: Q.31-Q.40 Carry TWO marks each.

  max . If the temperature of the black body is doubled, then

(A) the maximum of uT    shifts to max / 2

(B) the maximum of uT    shifts to 2max

following statement(s) is/are correct?

Topic- Kinetic Theory and Thermodynamics

The conservation of linear momentum along y (chosen)

(A) decreasing both  and  (B) decreasing  and increasing 

 6.023  1023 mol 1

Given: The forward voltage drop across each diode = 0.7 V

ˆ   sin( )iˆ  cos( ) ˆj

Q.48 Unit vector normal to the equipotential surface of V  x, y , z   4 x2  y2  z at (1,2,1) is given by

Solution: v  4 x  y  z  v  8 xiˆ  2 yjˆ  kˆ

Topic- Oscillations, Waves & Optics

where 𝑇 is tension & 𝜇 = moss/lergth

Given: 1 eV  1.6  1019 J

Topic- Modern Physics

Q.53 Consider the  -decay 90

___________ (rounded off to two decimal places).

6.023 1023 0.693 0.693

6.023 1023 0.693

1  2  0.5   2  0.5  0   2  2.5  1.5  0   2    1.5  1.5  0

   1 1.5   1  0    1, 1.5

Topic- Kinetic Theory and Thermodynamics

to two decimal places).

Now speed of particle with respect to F0 is

Topic- Electricity and Magnetism