Study Outline Chapter 35 (honors) Physiology

Immune System

35.1
 List the body's nonspecific defenses against infection. (only look at the section on
vertebrates because we are vertebrates)

 What are the types of white blood cells that are innate defensive cells? (not specific to
any particular disease) What are the functions of each of these cells?

 What type of innate immune responses are unique to vertebrates?

 What is the role of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) in phagocytic cells.
 What are the roles of Dendritic cells and Eosinophils?
 Explain the role of interferon in innate immunity.
 Explain the role of the complement system in innate immunity.
 Explain the steps of the inflammatory response.
o What is the function of histamine
 What is the role of a fever in the inflammatory response?
 What is the role of cytokines in inflammation

Ch 34.3 p.726 (Fluid Return by the Lymphatic system)

 What are the major functions of the lymphatic system?
 What organs make up the lymphatic system?
 What is lymph?
 What happens inside the lymph organs (such as lymph nodes?)

35.2
What is the difference between acquired immunity and innate immunity?
 What are lymphocytes? – Where do the different types of lymphocytes develop?
 What are antigens, antigen receptors and epitopes?
o What are some examples of antigens?

 Explain the process of antigen recognition by B cells and antibodies

o What is the function of an antibody (immunoglobulin Ig)?
o Describe the structure of a B cell receptor and antibody.
o Functions of variable and constant regions
o Where in the body do B cell receptors bind to antigens?

 Explain the process of antigen recognition by T cells

o Describe the structure of a T cell receptor.
o What is the role of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)?

 How does the body generate such a diversity of B and T cell receptors?
o Explain the recombination process in receptor genes that occurs early in B and T
cell development.

 How does the adaptive immune system gain self-tolerance?

 Summarize the steps of clonal selection.
 In your summary include the following terms:
Effector cells
Plasma cells
Memory cells
Primary immune response
Secondary immune response
 Explain the difference between the primary and secondary immune response to the same
pathogen.

35.3
 What is the function of the humoral immune response in acquired immunity? Explain
the functions of B cells.
 What is the function of the cell-medicated immune response in acquired immunity?
Explain the function of T cells.
 What types of cells can be antigen-presenting cells?
 Explain how helper T cells are activated by antigen presenting cells
o Describe the role of the class II MHC receptor and CD4
 Explain how cytotoxic T cells are activated
 Explain how activated cytotoxic T cells use perforin and granzymes to kill infected cells.
 Explain how B cells are activated.
 Explain the main ways antibodies help rid the body of antigens (pathogen).
 How do vaccines (immunizations) work?
o What are different types of vaccines and how do they work differently?
 What is the difference between active immunity and passive immunity?
 How are monoclonal antibodies used in the treatment and diagnosis of disease?
 What causes immune rejection of transplants and blood transfusions?
 Summarize the steps of what happens when someone has an allergic reaction.
 What is an autoimmune disease? List some examples.
 What is an immunodeficiency disease? List some examples.