Experiment No

Problem Statement:
Q.1 Implement following circuit
4 – bit Ripple Carry Adder using four 1 – bit Full Adder

Input for Ripple Carry Adder – A [ A3 A2 A1 A0 ]

B [ B3 B2 B1 B0 ]
C0 – Input Carry to the first stage

Output of Ripple Carry Adder – [ C4 S3 S2 S1 S0 ]

Here, C4 is final Carry Out from the last stage

Objective: To study 4-bit ripple carry adder

Software Requirements: Simulators – Logisim, Circuitverse

Theory:
Ripple Carry Adder:
 A Ripple Carry Adder (RCA) is a logical circuit that uses multiple full adders to add
N-bit numbers.
 Each full adder inputs a Cin which is the Cout of the previous adder.
 It is called Ripple Carry Adder (RCA) since each carry bit ripples to the next full adder.
Note that only the first full adder can be replaced by a half adder (under the assumption
that Cin=0).
 Ripple Carry Adder works in different stages.
 Each full adder takes the carry-in as input and produces carry-out and sum bit as output.
 The carry-out produced by a full adder serves as carry-in for its adjacent most
significant full adder.
 When carry-in becomes available to the full adder, it activates the full adder.
 After full adder becomes activated, it comes into operation.
Full Adder Circuit:

Using Full Adder blocks we can construct 4 – Bit Ripple carry adder

Output:
Construct block of half adder. By cascading 4 such blocks complete the circuit.
Give inputs in the form of First Number as A consists of 4 – bits as A (A3 A2 A1 A0) and B
consists of 4 – bits as B (B3 B2 B1 B0).
Apply different combinations of A and B
Check output on the pins (C4 S3 S2 S1 S0)
Instructions for writing experiment in Journal:
If circuit is constructed on breadboard then follow instructions 1 and 2
If circuit is simulated on simulator then follow all the instructions
1. Preferably use one side ruled one side blank page to write the experiment write up.
2. Format for writing document (Handwritten Part):
On ruled side of the paper
A. Aim (Write Question)
B. Theory (Explain about ripple carry adder)
On Blank Side of the paper
A. Circuit Diagram (Logic Circuit)
B. Explanation of relevant input and output pins of ripple carry adder
C. Truth Table of Full Adder
3. Circuits can be simulated on Logisim or Circuit Verse or any other online simulator
4. Take ONE screenshot of labelled Full Adder building block. Then take TWO
screenshots for Ripple Carry Adder. Consider any TWO scenarios for that circuit..
5. Total 3 Screenshots to be put in the final document
6. Make one pdf file consisting of all handwritten write up and screenshots. This file will
be accepted for evaluation purpose.