Chapter 8

States of Matter Standards

1. Three Common States of Matter and their
characteristics.
2. Particle arrangement and behavior in a solid,
liquid and gas.
3. How matter changes from one state to
another.
 States of Matter
- are the physical forms in which a
substance can exist.
 Remember:
Matter is made up of tiny particles
called atoms and molecules.
 Particles of Matter ……….

• Atoms and molecules

are always in motion and
bumping into each other.

• The way particles

interact with each other
helps determine the state
of the matter.
 States
Particles of Matter
of Matter

What makes a solid a solid?

A liquid a liquid?
Or a gas a gas?
 States of Matter
A Solid – is the state of matter
that has a definite shape and
volume.
Solid
Particles in a solid….
1. Don’t move fast enough to overcome the
strong attraction between them.

2. Vibrate in place.
 States of Matter
Solid

A Liquid is that state of matter

that has a definite volume but
takes the shape of its container.
Liquid
Particles in a Liquid ……..
1.Move fast enough to overcome some of the
attraction between particles.

2.Close together but can slide past one another.

 Liquids
Surface Tension Viscosity

Is a force that acts Is a liquid’s resistance

on the particles at to flow.
the surface of a Honey – high viscosity
liquid. Water – low viscosity
 States of Matter

Solid

Liquid

Gas is the state of matter

that has no definite shape
or volume.
Gas
Particles in a Gas ……….
1.Move fast, overcome the attraction between
particles.

2.Particles are far apart and move independently

of one another.
 All Changes of State are
Physical Changes!

• A Change of State is the change of a

substance from one Physical form to
another.
What must happen to particles before
they can change from one state to
another?
The particles must gain or lose
energy.
Endothermic – energy is gained or
added during the change of state.
 Five Changes of State
Endothermic
Sublimation - matter
changes from a solid state
directly to a gas state.

Endothermic – energy
is absorbed.
 Five Changes of State
Endothermic

Endothermic
Melting
Endothermic -
Energy is absorbed.
 Five Changes of State
Endothermic

Endothermic
Endothermic
 Is the change of state from the
Evaporation - liquid state to the gas state.

Endothermic – energy is absorbed.

Exothermic – energy is lost or
removed during the change of state.
 Five Changes of State

Exothermic
 Five Changes of State

Exothermic
 Freezing – is the change of
state from a liquid to a solid.

Exothermic - Energy is
released or lost.
 Five Changes of State

Exothermic
Exothermic
Exothermic – energy is lost.
 What happens to the temperature of a
substance as it changes state?

As a substance changes state, its temperature

remains constant (doesn’t change) until the
change of state is complete.