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AnMaTbr
2013
Y,L(K 334 (075.8)
EEK 65.290-2 ll 73
c 23
0Ky K¥pa11LI M. aye30B aTbIH){arbI 0f{Tj'CTiK K,a:laKCTaH Me!'>IJICKeTTiK
ymrncprnTcTiuiu 0Ky-:inicTcMcJJiK Keueci )!(:me K,P E)l(fM )l(OrapbI )l(JHC
)l(QrapbI OKY opubllrn KCHiHri «811eyMcTTiK rLIJILIMJlap, JKOHOMHKa )l(;lfle 6tt3Hec»
MaMaH)lbIKTap T06LI 60HbIHWa PQf)K 08C OTblpblCblHJta 6acnara ¥CblHblJl)lbl

IliKip maJFaHJlap: 0Mip3a11;os C.bl. - 3.r.n., npocjleccop, T. PLICK¥JIOB


aTbIH)lafbl K,a33Y-Jlil-l «3KOHOMHKa )l(;JHe 6tt3HCC»
<paKyJJLTCTiHiH )leKallbI;
HcaxMeToB T.H. - 3.r.n., npo41eccop, OuTycTiK
K,a3aKCTaH nenarornKaJJLIK yH11Bepc11TeTiHil-l peKTopb1;
TOJJb1c6aes li.C. - 3.r.n., npo<j>eccop, 11.H. fyM11-
11es aTLlllJlarb1 E¥Y «MeHeJl)l(MeHrn Ka<peJlpaCbIHLII-l
Meurepyrnici:
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M.aye3os an,rnnarLI OK.MY npo<l>eccopbI, 3.r.n.

C 23 CaTbtM6eKosa l\.li.
¥i1b1MJ.1arb1 oJrepicTepJ.li 6ac11;apy: OKY J\¥pa11b1/ K,.)l.. CaTLIM6CKOBa, AJI-
Man,1: 3KOHOMHKa, 2013. -379 6eT

ISBN 978-601-225-506-5

¥ CLIHLIJILlll OTbipraH OKY Kypa11L1 3KOHOMHKa ca11acb1 6oi1Lmwa CTY-


neHTTep MCH Jl,tarHCTpaHTTapra apmUlraH.
« ¥i1LIMJ:1arb1 03repicTepni 6acKapy» OKY K¥PaJJLI Ka3ipri 3aMaHrbt
MeHCJl)l(MeHTTiH ;ipTyp11i 6arbITTapnarbI CTpaTerttl!JlblK ;ipeKerrepiHiH
TeOpHl!JlblK )l(;JHe T:J)l(ip116eJiiK acneKTTepiH l(aMTH)lbl. K,a3ipri MeHe)l-
)l(MeHTTiH epeKwe11iri, ¥ffbIMHbIH OMip cypy Ke3el{)lepiH ecKepe OTblpbm,
OH)larbI e3repicTepJli 6acl(apy.

Y.[(K 334 (075.8)


EEK 65.290-2 ll 73

ISBN 978-601-225-506-5

© CaTbIM6eKosa K.E., 2013


© «3KOHOMHKa>> 6acnacw> )!(WC, 2013
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rncrny MYMKiH.[(iriHiH. 6onMayhl;
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TaHblM J\bl3MeTiH ,[(aMb!Ty,[(bll-( m。セHィャSL{@ hlHTaJiaH,[(hipyrnbIChl 60JihIO
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cy6bCKTHBTi )KgHe aHI\blH,[(bll\ peTiH,[(e KapaCTblphlJia aJIMatt,[(hl.
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capanTaMaCbI ywiH gAiCTeMeIIiK Heri3 6onhm rn6bIJla,[(bl. 83repicTepAiH.
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3epTTeyAe Mb!HraH HgTH)KeJiep,[(I KYM<JHra f\O}l,[(hl.
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tセィゥーャma。hIjL「N@ E¥HhH( ce6emepi, Wh!HaHhI 6i11iMHiH. o6beKTHBTi
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60JIMayhI.
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l\a3ipri MeHeWKMeHTe 3eprrey.ui1-1: M¥H.Uai1 qmnococpHHJlhII\ no3H-
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)l(eH:iHiciH aHhil\Tay ywiH l\OJJ)J,aHa)J,hl.
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6enriciH KepceTe.ui.
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tセィゥーimL@ KenTere11 6arb1rrapMeH e3iH aKrny)J,a.
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)l(::JHe cpHJlOCOcpHHJlbll\ KopiHici.
fbIJlbIMH Hal\TbIJlbII\ Teop1rnnapbIHhlli 1wpaMhIHAa TeopHHJiapAbIH:
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