Calculus I Áurea Quintino João Farinha

2023 – 2024 S1 Francisco Agostinho Pamela Pacciani

Helena Almeida Rodrigo Duarte
Islam Elbaz Sofia Henriques

Resit Exam
 Date: January 16, 2024
 Duration: 2 hours

Instructions:

1. This exam is composed of 9 multiple choice questions and 3 open-ended questions.

2. Multiple choice questions should be answered on this platform (Moodle).
3. Open-ended questions should be answered on paper, using the booklet provided, which should be
handed in at the end of the exam.
4. Each multiple choice question admits a single correct answer.
5. For each multiple choice question, each correct answer, wrong answer and blank answer submitted is
classified with, respectively, 1, - 0.33 and 0. The minimum grade of this group is 0.
6. In open-ended questions, present all your computations and justify conveniently all your answers.
7. Do not answer more than one group on the same sheet of paper.
8. No written support or calculators are allowed.
9. You may freely navigate through all questions.
10. On the right side of each page and at the end of the last page, you may click on Finish attempt when you
are ready to submit all your answers. However, when you do this, you still do not submit your answers. You
may click on Return to attempt and continue changing your answers, or on Submit all and finish and submit
them.
11. When you finish your answers, click on Submit all and finish and, after that, ask the invigilator to
introduce the exit password.
12. If time runs out before you submit your answers, they will be automatically saved as they are. Before you
leave the room, do not forget to ask the invigilator to introduce the exit password.
13. Once you finish the exam and have the exit password introduced, please take pictures of your answer
booklet and, after that, hand it in. The pictures of the answer booklet are exclusively for consultation
by the student in the occasion of exam revision. Only the paper version of the answer booklet will be
assessed, so no student may leave the room without handing in their answer booklet.
14. Mobile phones should remain switched off, and placed on top of the table, for the duration of the
exam.
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 Calculus I 2023 – 2024 S1
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10.
a)
 Observe that 𝐴 = ℝ × ℝ and that 𝐵 = {(1,1)}.
 Conclude that 𝐶 = (]−∞, 0] × ℝ) ∪ {(1,1)} and represent it geometrically.

b)
 Observe that 𝑔 does not necessarily admit a global minimum in 𝐶 : for example, 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥
is continuous on 𝐶 and, nevertheless, 𝑔(𝐶 ) = ℝ does not admit a minimum.

Remark: Weierstrass Theorem does not apply to 𝑔 on 𝐶 , since 𝐶 is not a compact set, as it
is unbounded.

c)
𝑏 ∈ ℝ arbitrarily fixed
 Recognize that the continuity of 𝑓 at (0, 𝑏), accumulation point of 𝐷 , is equivalent to
lim 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑓(0, 𝑏).
( , )→( , )
 Observe that 𝑓(0, 𝑏) = 𝑏 .
 Observe that lim 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = lim 𝑦 =𝑏 .
( , )→( , ) ( , )→( , )
( , )∈

 Verify that, if 𝑏 ≠ 0, then lim 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = lim = | |.

( , )→( , ) ( , )→( , ) | | | |
( , )∉

 Conclude that, if 𝑏 ≠ 0, then 𝑓 is continuous at (0, 𝑏) if and only if | | = 𝑏 , or, equivalently,

𝑏 = ±1.
 Observe that 𝑓 is continuous at (0,0) if and only if lim 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 0.
( , )→( , )
( , )∉

 Recognize that the direct computation of lim 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = lim leads to an

( , )→( , ) ( , )→( , ) | | | |
( , )∉
indeterminate form, so that the definition of limit should be used, indicating a sequence of
correct upper bounds and finding a valid relation between 𝜀 and 𝛿 (for example, 𝜀 = 𝛿),
concluding, in this way, that 𝑓 is continuous at (0,0).
 Conclude that, in the ambit of points (0, 𝑏), with 𝑏 ∈ ℝ, 𝑓 is continuous only at (0,0), (0,1)
and (0, −1).

d)
 Observe that 𝑓 (0,0) = (𝑦 ) (0,0) = 0.
 Observe that 𝑓 (0 , 0) = (𝑦 ) (0,0) = 0.
 Verify, by the definition of derivative, that 𝑓 (0 , 0) = 0.
 Conclude from 𝑓 (0 , 0) = 0 = 𝑓 (0 , 0) that 𝑓 (0,0) = 0.
 Verify that the approximation error is given by 𝑅(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦), so that 𝑓 is differentiable
( , )
at (0,0) if and only if lim = 0.
( , )→( , ) ||( , )||
 Calculus I 2023 – 2024 S1
Resit Exam

( , )
 Show that lim = lim .| is not zero: for example,
( , )→( , ) ||( , )|| ( , )→( , ) | | |
( , )∉
1 𝑦 1 𝑦
lim lim . = lim . = lim 1 = 1 ≠ 0.
→ → 𝑥 +𝑦 |𝑥| + |𝑦| → |𝑦| |𝑦| →

 Conclude that 𝑓 is not differentiable at (0,0).

11.
a)
 Write the equation of the tangent line:
𝑧 = 𝑓 (1,1) + 𝑓 (1,1)(𝑥 − 1) + 𝑓 (1,1)(𝑦 − 1).
 Recognize that 𝑓 (1,1) = 2, from 𝑧 = 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 5.
 Realise that 𝑓 (1,1) = −1.
 Conclude that 𝑓 (1,1) = 𝑓 (1,1) = 1, according to the Schwarz-Young Theorem,
since 𝑓 is 𝐶 at (1,1).
 Conclude that 𝑧 = 2 − 𝑥 + 𝑦.

b)
 Write 𝑔(𝑢, 𝑣) = 0 ⇔ 𝑓( , ) (1,1) = 0.
 Recognize that, if 𝑓 is differentiable at (1,1), then 𝑓( , ) (1,1) = ∇𝑓(1,1). (𝑢, 𝑣).
 Recognize that 𝑓 (1,1) = −1, from 𝑧 = 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 5.
 Write ∇𝑓(1,1). (𝑢, 𝑣) = 0 ⇔ (2, −1). (𝑢, 𝑣) = 0 ⇔ 2𝑢 = 𝑣.
 Recognize that the level curve of level 0 of 𝑔 is given by:
{(𝑢, 𝑣) ∈ ℝ \{(0,0)}: 2𝑢 = 𝑣} or, alternately, {(𝑢, 2𝑢) ∈ ℝ : 𝑢 ≠ 0}

c)
 Recognize that since 𝑓 is differentiable at (1,1), then the minimum of 𝑔(𝑢, 𝑣) =
∇ ( , )
𝑓( , ) (1,1), where ‖(𝑢, 𝑣)‖ = 2, will occur at (𝑢, 𝑣) = −2 ‖∇ ( , )‖
to force the norm
of (𝑢, 𝑣) to be equal to 2.
 Conclude that (𝑢, 𝑣) = , and the minimum of 𝑔 is:
√ √

𝑔 , =𝑓 (1,1) = (2, −1). , = −2√5.

√ √ , √ √
√ √
 Calculus I 2023 – 2024 S1
Resit Exam

12.

a)
 Recognize that the direct computation of the limit leads to an indeterminate form of type
(having in consideration the continuity of the indefinite integral, following that of 𝑓, according
to the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus).
 Recognize that, according to Cauchy’s Rule and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus,

( ) 1
∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 𝑓(ln(𝑒𝑥)). 𝑥 − 𝑓(2𝑥 − 1). 2
lim = lim = 2𝑓(1) − 𝑓(ln(𝑒)) = 𝑓(1) = 𝑒,
→ 1−𝑥 → −1

having in consideration, once again, the continuity of 𝑓.

b)
 Observe that 𝑓 is an odd function and, therefore, ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = − ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡.
 Conclude that ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 0.