The ten most often words used by Madison to write Federalist 51 are listed below in order of use.

1. Government
2. May
3. Society
4. Rights
5. Must
6. Department
7. Security
8. People
9. Power
10. Interests

What do you think Madison will write about in Federalist 51? Write down your answers.

Read Federalist 51. Pay close attention to the 4th paragraph. What does Madison say about the
following ideas:

1. Separation of powers
2. Checks and balances between powers at the same level of government
3. The division of powers between national and state governments

Now, pair with a partner to exchange ideas. What impressions did you have in common? Write
those ideas below and indicate with a (+). What ideas did you not have in common? Write those
ideas below and indicate with a (-). Write down any new ideas you both have now and indicate
with a (*).

Select one major idea from your “paired” section to share with the whole class. Write that major
idea. Also record any new ideas as you listen to other groups sharing their ideas.