NAME: PRINCESS G.

LINDA

LESSON PLAN

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Explain the kinds of electricity.
2. Identify the Common electrical wire splices and joints.
3. Appreciate the importance of electric circuit.

SUBJECT MATTER
Topic: Electricity
Sub- Topic: Types of Electrical Circuit
References: Module
Materials: Laptop, Projector
Procedures:
 Prayer
 Greetings
 Attendance
 Review the past lesson

Motivation:
 The teacher will present a picture.
 Ask the student what are their observation or idea of the picture presented.

C. LESSON PROPER
A1. Activity:
Arrange the letters to form the correct answer.
1. RIESS DAN AREALLLP
 2. RIESS
3. AREALLLP
ANSWER:
1. SERIES AND PARALLEL
2. SERIES
3. PARALLEL

A2. Analysis:
1. How will you describe Electric Circuit?
2. Why do we need to understand the significance of Electric Circuit?
3. How important is an electric circuit in our daily lives?

A3. Abstraction/ Generalization

Series Circuit
- This types of circuit in which all load are connected in a straight line, like a chain.
- If one load is open (defective) other loads will not function as well. - In current, the
amount in series passing through one load is remained the same amount that passes
through the other loads in the circuit.
- The formula in getting the current in series is: I Total = I 1 =I 2 =I 3 etc...
- In voltage, the individual voltage drop across each load in series may vary from one
another depending upon their resistances.
- The sum of all the individual voltage drops is equal to the voltage of the source.
- There can be many different voltages in a series circuit, as a voltage drop appears
across every load.
-The total voltage in a series circuit is equal to the sum of all the individual voltage drops
within the circuit. E Total = E 1 + E 2 + E 3 + etc...
- In resistance, the total resistance in a series circuit is equal to the sum of all the
individual resistances within the circuit.
- The formula for Resistance in Series is: R Total = R 1 + R 2 + R 3 + etc...
 The series circuit examples are as follows:
 Water heater.
 Freezers.
 Refrigerators.
 Lamps.
 Bulb.
 Well water pump.
 Flashlights.

Parallel Circuit
- In voltage, the voltage drop across each load is the same.
- When load is open (defective), the other will not be affected.
- Are connected allowing multiple paths for current flow.
- All voltage remains the same throughout the circuit. E Total = E 1 =E 2 =E 3 etc...
- In current, the total current (It) is equal to the summation of the individual currents.
- There can be many different currents in a parallel circuit, as each leg has the same
voltage, but can have a different resistance.
- The total current in a parallel circuit is equal to the sum of all the individual currents on
each leg of the circuit. - The formula for Current in Parallel is: I RTotal = I R1 + I R2 + I
R3 + etc...
- In resistance, it is found by reciprocating the sum of the reciprocals of the resistance
of the individual branches
- The formula for Resistance in Parallel is:
1
-----------------------------------
11111
---- + ---- + ---- + ---- + ---- +
R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 R X...
Examples:
 Car headlights.
 Wiring of speaker systems in professional venue.
 Streetlamps.
 House lighting.
 Some motors.
 Computer address and data busses.
 Alarm systems

Series and Parallel Circuit

- A special type of circuit that combination of series and parallel connection in one
circuit.

OHM’S LAW in Household Electrical House Wiring

- Ohm‘s Law discovered by the German physicist Georg Ohm, (1787 - 1854).
- It deals with the relationship between voltage and current in an ideal conductor.
- It states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly
proportional to the potential difference or voltage across the two points, and inversely
proportional to the resistance between them.
- Material that obeys Ohm's Law is called "ohmic" or "linear" because the potential
difference across it varies linearly with the current
- Ohm's Law defines the relationships between (P) power, (E) voltage, (I) current, and
(R) resistance. One ohm is the resistance value through which one volt will maintain a
current of one ampere.
- ( I ) Current is what flows on a wire or conductor like water flowing down a river.
Current flows from negative to positive on the surface of a conductor. Current is
measured in (A) amperes or amps.
- Current indicates the amount of electrons passing through the wire and is measured
in amperes or amps for short.
- To find Current: I = V ÷ R or I (amps) = V (volts) ÷ R (Ω) - ( E or V) Voltage is the
difference in electrical potential between two points in a circuit. It's the push or pressure
behind current flow through a circuit, and is measured in (V) volts.
- Voltage is the electrical potential energy and is measured in volts.
- To find voltage: V = I x R or V (volts) = I (amps) x R (Ω) - ( R ) Resistance determines
how much current will flow through a component. Resistors are used to control voltage
and current levels. A very high resistance allows a small amount of current to flow. A
very low resistance allows a large amount of current to flow. Resistance is measured in
ohms, and the unit symbol for it is the Greek letter omega, Ω.
- Electrical resistance can be thought of as the "friction" on the movement of electrons
in a wire. - To find resistance: R = V ÷ I or R (Ω) = V (volts) ÷ I (amps)
- ( P ) Power is the amount of current times the voltage level at a given point measured
in wattage or watts. - Power is the rate of doing work.
- To find Power (P) P = V x I or P (watts) = V (volts) x I (amps) Also, P = V2 ÷ R or P
(watts) = V2 (volts) ÷ R (Ω) Also, P = I2 x R or P (watts) = I2 (amps) x R (Ω)
- Simple Ohms Law pie chart for use in DC circuits.

Example using Ohm’s Law in a Circuit

For the circuit shown below find the Voltage V, the Current I, the resistance R and the
Power P.
Answer:
Voltage V = I x R Resistance R = V ÷ I = 2 x 12Ω = 24 ÷ 2 = 24V = 12 Ω Current I = V ÷
R Power P = V x I = 24 ÷ 12Ω = 24 x 2 = 2 = 48W

PROCEDURE IN ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING

Basic Principles of Good Wiring
a. Before beginning any electrical repair, shut off the power. Remove the fuse or trip the
breaker for the circuit you will be working on in your service panel. Use a neon tester to
be sure the power is off. If there is any doubt, you can remove the main fuse or trip the
main breaker. Remember: Removing the main fuse or tripping the main breaker will
usually shut off the power to the entire house.
b. Electrical wires are color coded to prevent wiring errors.
a. Some wiring devices–such as receptacles–are back-wired by pushing the bare wire
end into spring grip holes. These wiring devices are plainly labeled to show which color
goes into each spring grip hole.
b. Switches are nearly always connected into black wires in cables. The only exception
is where a cable is extended, making it necessary for the white wire to play the role of
the black wire. When this is necessary, the white wires should be painted black to
prevent future wiring errors.
c. Study the wiring diagram. This will help you understand the basic principles of good
wiring. Also, find a good electrical how-to book. It's one book every homeowner should
keep on hand for ready reference.
d. Most home wiring is complete with either No. 14 gauge or No. 12 gauge wiring. No.
14 is the smallest wiring permitted under most codes.
e. Always use the same size cable for a continuation of extended wiring any circuit.

Common Electrical Wire Splices and Joints

Rat Tail or Pig Tail

This kind of joint is commonly used to join two or more conductors inside the junction
box. It is suitable for service where there is no mechanical stress when wires are to be
connected in an outlet box, switch, or conduit fitting.

Y-Splice
This method of wrapping is generally used on small cables because the strands are
flexible and all can be wrapped in one operation.
Knotted tap
Joint all the splices discussed up to this point are known as butted splices. Each was
made by joining the free ends of the conductors together. Sometimes, however, it is
necessary to join a branch conductor to a continuous wire called the main wire. Such a
junction is called a tap joint.

Plain tap joint

This is used where the tap wire is under considerable tensile stress circuit.

Aerial Tap
This is used as a temporary tap usually done in constructions sites. The easy twist will
facilitate tap wire movement.

Duplex cross joint

This is a two-tap wire turned simultaneously and is used where the two-tap wire is
under heavy tensile stress.

Western Union Short-tie Splice

This is the most widely used splice or joint in interior wiring installation to extend the
length of wire from one point to another.
Western Union Long-tie Splice
This is used extensively for outside wiring to extend the length of wire from one end to
another.

Cross Joint
The same application is done as in plain tap and the only difference is that this tap is a
combination of two plain taps place side by side with each other
Wrapped tap or Tee joint
This is used on large solid conductors where it is difficult to wrap the heavy tap wire around the main
wire.

Single-pole switch
A single-pole switch is the most basic of all electrical switching. When the switch is in
the ON position, it completes the circuit and supplies power to the device. When in the
OFF position, the switch disconnects power from the device.
How to replace a single pole switch.
This is a fairly simple thing to do with only a few things to keep in mind.
1. Turn the power off to the circuit.
2. Double check that the power is off.
3. Remove cover plate.
4. Remove existing switch from the box while keeping the wires attached.
5. If it is a single pole switch you should have 3 wires connected to it, the feed, the
switch leg and the ground.
6. Remove wires from existing switch and connect them to the new switch.
7. Install the new switch back into the box.
8. Replace the cover plate.
9. Turn the power back on.
10. Test your work.
Installing a new light and switch.
1. Determine the current for the circuit that will determine what size cable you will use.
2. Run your feed cable from the electrical panel to your switch location.
3. Run your switch cable from the switch location to the light fixture or fixtures.
4. Install an electrical box at the switch location and at every light fixture location. Make
sure the box is rated for the weight of the light fixture. If you are installing a ceiling fan
you will need a fan rated box.
5. Install your light fixtures.
6. Make your connections to the switch. Splice the white or neutral wires together.
Connect the black wires to the switch terminals. Connect your ground to the switch
ground terminal and the box if it is metal.
7. Install the switch into the box.
8. Install your cover plate.
9. Connect your feed cable in your main electrical panel to the proper size circuit
breaker, and ground/ neutral bar.
10. Test your work.
A4. Application:
The students will identify if it’s a Replacing or Installing.
1. Turn the power off to the circuit.
2. Run your feed cable from the electrical panel to your switch location.
3. Run your switch cable from the switch location to the light fixture or fixtures.
4. Install an electrical box at the switch location and at every light fixture location.
Make sure the box is rated for the weight of the light fixture. If you are installing a
ceiling fan you will need a fan rated box.
5. If it is a single pole switch you should have 3 wires connected to it, the feed, the
switch leg and the ground

Answer:
1. REPLACING
2. INSTALLING
3. INSTALLING
4. INSTALLING
5. REPLACING

Evaluation:
Multiple Choice: In a ¼ sheet of paper. Encircle the correct answer.
1. This is used as a temporary tap usually done in constructions sites. The easy
twist will facilitate tap wire movement.
a. Cross Joint c. Aerial Tap
b. Duplex Cross Joint d. Plain Tap

2. This is used where the tap wire is under considerable tensile stress circuit.
a. Cross Joint c. Aerial Tap
b. Duplex Cross Joint d. Plain Tap

3. This is a two-tap wire turned simultaneously and is used where the two-tap wire
is under heavy tensile stress.
a. Cross Joint c. Aerial Tap
b. Duplex Cross Joint d. Plain Tap

4. The same application is done as in plain tap and the only difference is that this
tap is a combination of two plain taps place side by side with each other.
a. Cross Joint c. Aerial Tap
 b. Duplex Cross Joint d. Plain Tap
5. This method of wrapping is generally used on small cables because the strands
are flexible and all can be wrapped in one operation.
a. Y-Spice c. Wrapped Tap or Tee Joint
b. Knotted Tap d. Western Union Long-Tie Splice

6. Joint all the splices discussed up to this point are known as butted splices. Each
was made by joining the free ends of the conductors together. Sometimes,
however, it is necessary to join a branch conductor to a continuous wire called
the main wire. Such a junction is called a tap joint.
a. Y-Spice c. Wrapped Tap or Tee Joint
b. Knotted Tap d. Western Union Long-Tie Splice

7. This is used on large solid conductors where it is difficult to wrap the heavy tap
wire around the main wire.
a. Y-Spice c. Wrapped Tap or Tee Joint
b. Knotted Tap d. Western Union Long-Tie Splice

8. This is used extensively for outside wiring to extend the length of wire from one
end to another.
a. Y-Spice c. Wrapped Tap or Tee Joint
b. Knotted Tap d. Western Union Long-Tie Splice

9. It is found by reciprocating the sum of the reciprocals of the resistance of the

individual branches
a. Resistance c. Voltage
b. Current d. None of the above

10. Are connected allowing multiple paths for current flow.

a. Resistance c. Voltage
b. Current d. None of the above

ANSWER:
1. C
2. D
3. B
4. A
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. D
9. A
 10. C
ASSIGNMENT:
Research the definition of House Wiring and write on the ¼ sheet of paper.