Ancient Babylonian

Babylonians developed mathematics to understand astronomy. Understood fractions squares, and

square root
The Babylonians had an advanced number system, in some ways more advanced than our
present systems. It was a positional system with a base of 60 rather than the system with
base 10 in widespread use today. (Robertson, 2000)

Ancient Egyptian mathematics is the mathematics that was developed and used in Ancient
Egypt c. 3000 to c. 300 BCE, from the Old Kingdom of Egypt until roughly the beginning
of Hellenistic Egypt. The ancient Egyptians utilized a numeral system for counting and solving
written mathematical problems, often involving multiplication and fractions. Evidence for
Egyptian mathematics is limited to a scarce amount of surviving sources written on papyrus.
From these texts it is known that ancient Egyptians understood concepts of geometry, such as
determining the surface area and volume of three-dimensional shapes useful for architectural
engineering, and algebra, such as the false position method and quadratic equations