AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia)

’Accumulation of immatuse myeloid blasts in maros

Adutts
Classifcation:
FAB classificotien s
AML-Mo ’ AmL undifferentiated
ArnL -m ’ AmL yo maturatien
ArnL- M >AnL E matuvoiem tewkenia (A Pn)
promyelocyie
ArnL- ms ’ Acute myelomonoeytie leukemia
ArnL -my ’ Acute
mç ’ Acute monoey'e leukemia
AtnL - Acute erythro leukemia
AmL - Aute megakayoblastie leukenmia
AmL- n
 WHO classifieatim >
() Am z genete abbvations ’
(922 ; q22) ’ RuNXI/RUN*1TI fusi om gene
i)ArnL t t(8;21)
inv (4) (plB; g22) -> cBFe/myt1 fusiom gano
ës AmL ¿
ët) AnL & t (is;11) (922 ; n-ra) ’ RA RA/ PrnL fusien
y AmL & t (Hg28:v) ’ kmT24 fusiem gene
() AnL novmal cytogenics f mutated NPmi
( ArnL t MDs Gke featuses history
Dy based em clinical
æ olth priox mps ’ typical MDs
mtilineage dysplas ia > Dysplaste ceu
ës ARnL E abbreiens
.. 209
Qiy Arn E MDs ike cytogeniu obbretHons ’ 5
()) AmL therapy velated >
Çchemothevopy
59. 79 abbvetiems 1-Radiation theropy

KrnT2A gene inbibitoY

ciied>
) AnL not othenise cpe
differentiated
ti, AtnL min imally
matuntim
(o3 Am L /o
myeloytic matatton
E myelomonozyte maturation
) Amu
() AmL t monoeyte maturatien
evythroid maturatien
maturatien
 Pathogene sis :
’Mutatien inyolvinq norma
nyeloid diffevehtiotien.
fusiem gene
0t (8; 2) > RUNX1 /RUNX1T1 cels
mnaturatiom of myelotd
Bloc ks

t(is; ) >RARA (PmL fusin gene

Retinole Ádd Reerptor
|Muttiem -’Consituttve. activatien o
progeth sinalling pathuay
OActivating mutatiem in PLT3 secfey tyresine kina
[Mutatien pigenome
that maintaryregulate)
Mutatien (eading to obnormal DriA mettylotiem
O foH mutated AmL
mtati em o Tp53
movpholegz
>207. (myele blacta in bone marow
+delicate. chromatin
2-4 nucleoli
Lymphoblast
more velumineus cytoplasm thon
GAzuvephtltu gronutee
Sometimec take fom Auey vod)
(mosty in 4PML
rlaoo Abrost
S AtmLE
megakaryecyte ’Abrogeniu
cytékines
Abrosie

Sonetimes, in blecd Blasts o)

"
4leukenie leukemnia

(. Brn exarnination is necessary)

 Lymphoblast Myeloblast
" Size Srnall Lavge
"Amnt e cyto plasm
. Gyonules in cytopleim
"Auer rods
"Chromatin condenged opened up faelicate
1(inconsplcAuou) 2-s Cprominent)
"Nueleoi MPO+
PAS +
"Stoins
Tmmunoghenotyping
" CD34* ’Mayke immatuae myeloid blasts
Cp64 ’ a skes f mature. myelold cele
"
.cD33*

jCtinical featuree :-)

) Anemia ’ Pator, fatigue
2) Neutopenta tisk o infectien
3) Thrembocytopenia ‘ bleeing tendeney
) Fever
monocytie differentiation
$) Tumor E
n Skin (Leukemia Cutis)
infittrote massGingva
6)Localised soft Hssue Savcoma/chtoe ma
kja- myelolastema/myeloid