Holiday Extra Class Heant Out Unit 15 - 2023 - 083026

Zonal Education Office – Students hand out --> G.C.
E (O/L) 2023/2024
tpLKiw fhy tpNrl nraw;wpl;lk;
jpl;lkply;
fy;tp mgptpUj;jp gpupT (Etnuypah fy;tp tyak;)
MNyhrid
jpUkjp . S. ru;kh (cjtpf; fy;tpg;gzpg;ghsu;)
topfhl;ly; > Nkw;ghu;it> ruitg;ghu;j;jy;> xOq;FgLj;jy;

jpU mz;zhkiy NahNf];guk; (Mrpupau; MNyhrfu;)
cjtp
jpU kNf];tud; ((Mrpupau; MNyhrfu;)
,izg;ghf;fk;
tyaj;jpd; ,ilepiy ghlrhiy mjpgu;fs;
njhFg;G
tyaj;jpd; tpQ;Qhdghl Mrpupau;fs;
Zonal Education Office – Nuwara Eliya. Science Unit 1|Page

Zonal Education Office – Students hand out --> G.C.E (O/L) 2023/2024
jpfjp :- 29-06-2021 Neuk; :- K.g. 08.00 njhlf;fk; K.g 09.20 tiu
njhFg;G :- R. Rajadharshini Cp/Nu/ Wattagoda T.V
fw;wy; NghW :-
 capu;f;Nfhsj;jpd; gy;NtW xOq;fikg;G kl;lq;fis mtw;wpd; cau;epiyg;gb mikg;gpd; xOq;fpy;
Fwpg;gpLthu;
 capu;f;Nfhsj;jpd; gy;NtW xOq;fikg;G kl;lq;fspid tpsf;Fthu;.
capu;f;Nfhsj;jpd; xOq;fikg;G kl;lk;
capuq;fpfspd; epyTiff;fhd ,ilj;njhlu;Gfs; eilngWk; ngsjPf, capu;r;#ow; $Wfs; xUq;Nf
#ow;njhFjp vdg;gLk;.
#ow;njhFjpapy; ,U tifahd #oy;fs; fhzg;gLk;.
1. ngsjPf #oy; :- kz;, ePu;, tsp
2. capu;r;#oy; :- jhtuq;fs;, tpyq;Ffs;, Ez;zq;fpfs;
 capuq;fpfs; mit thOk; ngsjPfr; #oYld; xU rpwe;j njhlu;ig Ngzpdhy; khj;jpuNk #oy;
rkepiyapy; fhzg;gLk;.
 #oypy; Vw;gLk; rpwpa khw;wk; $l mjd; epyTiff;F ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;.
 kdpj nraw;ghLfs; fhuzkhf #oy; rkepiy jw;NghJ ntFthf ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
 mq;fpfs; jhk; thOk; ngsjPfr; #oYld; rkepiyapw; nraw;gly; #oy; rkdpiy vdg;gLk;.
capu;f;Nfhsj;jpd; mq;fpfs; vspa kl;lj;jpypUe;J rpf;fyhd kl;lk; tiu ghFgLj;jg;gl;Ls;s
gha;r;rw;Nfhl;L glk; tUkhW,
jdpad; Fbj;njhif rhfpak; #ow;njhFjp capu;f;Nfhsk;
jdpad; :- #oy; xd;wpy; thOk; ahNjDk; xU ,dj;jpd; jdpnahU mq;fp jdpad; vdg;gLk;.
cjhuzk; :- kh, ML, kdpjd;
Fbj;njhif :- Fwpj;j fhyg;gFjpapy; Fwpj;j Gtpapay; gpuNjrnkhd;wpy; thOk; xNu ,dj;ij Nru;e;j
mq;fpfspd; $l;lk; Fbj;njhif vdg;gLk;.
cjhuzk; :- 2020k;; Mz;by; ,yq;ifapYs;s kdpj rdj;njhif
 Fwpg;G - ,dk; vdg;gLtJ ngUk;ghyhd ,ay;Gfspy; xj;Jf; fhzg;gLtJk; jkf;fpilNa

fUf;fl;ly; %yk; tskhd vr;rq;fis Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; mq;fpf;$l;lk; ,dk; vdg;gLk;.
rhfpak; :- ahNjDk; gpuNjrnkhd;wpy; capu;thOk; xd;Wlndhd;W ,ilj;jhf;fk; GupAk; Fbj;njhiffs;
xUq;Nf rhfpak; vdg;gLk;.
cjhuzk; :- Nguhjid G+q;fhtpYs;s jhtu rhfpak;
#ow;njhFjp :- ahNjDk; gpuNjrnkhd;wpYs;s rfy rhfpaq;fSk; mtw;wld; ,ilj;jhf;fk; GupAk;
capuw;w #ow; fhuzpfSk; xUq;Nf #ow;njhFjp vdg;gLk;.
cjhuzk; :- Fsk;, fhL
,r;#ow;nwhFjp 02 tifg;gLk;.
1. ,aw;if #ow;njhFjp :- fhL, rKj;jpuk;
2. nraw;if #ow;njhFjp :- tay;, tPl;Lj;Njhl;lk;

 Fwpg;G – fhyepiy, #oy; Mfpatw;wpy; Vw;gLk; rpwpa khw;wq;fSld; Fwpj;j #oYf;F

,irthf;fkile;j mq;fpfis nfhz;l gy #ow;njhFjpfspd; Nru;f;if capupd kz;lyk;
vdg;gLk;.
capu;f;Nfhsk; :- GtpapYs;s #ow;njhFjpfspd; midj;ijAk; xUq;Nf Nru;j;J capu;f;Nfhsk; vdg;gLk;.
capu;f;Nfhsk; 03 tifg;gLk;.
1. fw;Nfhsk; :- GtpAk;, Nky; nkd;%bAk; ,jpy; mlq;Fk;.
2. ePu;f;Nfhsk; :- rKj;jpuk;, ed;dPu; Njf;fq;fs; ,jpy; mlq;Fk;.
3. tspf;Nfhsk; :- Gtpia #oTs;s thAf;fyit ,jpy; mlq;Fk;.
Fbj;njhif mlu;j;jp
 njupT nra;ag;gl;l thoplnkhd;wpy; XusF gug;gpy; thOk; ahNjDk; ,dj;jpw;Fupa mq;fpfspd;
vz;zpf;if Fbj;njhif mlu;j;jp vdg;gLk;.
 Fbj;njhifapd; gUkd; mbf;fb khw;wkilAk;.
 Fbj;njhif mlu;j;jpapy; nry;thf;F nrYj;Jk; fhuzpfshtd,
1. gpwg;G
2. ,wg;G
3. FbtuT
4. Fbafy;T
Nkw;fhl;lg;gl;lthW capuf
; ;Nfhsj;jpd; xOq;fikg;G kl;lk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
#oy; rkepiyia Ngzp vjpu;fhy re;jjpapdUf;F gad;gLj;j $ba tifapy; #oy; tsq;fis mwpT
G+u;tkhf gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;fhd tpilfis jug;gl;Ls;s ,ilntspfspy; vOJf.

01.#ow;njhFjp vd;why; vd;d?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
02.ngsjPf #oypy; mlq;Fk; fhuzpfs; vit?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
03.capu;#oypy; mlq;Fk; fhuzpfs; vit?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………......................................
04.#ow; rkepiy vd;why; vd;d?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
05.capu;f;Nfhsj;jpd; xOq;fikg;G kl;lj;ij gha;r;rw; Nfhl;Lg;glk; %yk; fhl;Lf.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
...............................................................................................................................................................................................
06.gpd;tUk; xt;nthU nrhw;gjq;fSf;Fkhd tpsf;fq;fisAk;, cjhuzq;fisAk; jUf.
1.jdpad;
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
cjhuzk; :- ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2.Fbj;njhif
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
cjhuzk; :- ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3.rhfpak;
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
cjhuzk; :- ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4.#ow;njhFjp
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
cjhuzk; :- ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5.capu;f;Nfhsk;
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
cjhuzk; :- ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
07.capu;f;Nfhsj;jpd; 03 tiffSk; vit?
1 ……………………………………………..2 …………………………………. 3……………………. ……..
08.,dk; vDk; gjj;ij tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;Jf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
09.#ow;njhFjpfspd; ,uz;L tiffSk; vit?
1 ………………………………….…. 2 …………………………………………….
10.Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ,uz;L tiffSf;Fkhd cjhuzq;fs; ,t;tpuz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1 ……………………………………… ……………………………………………..
2 ………………………………………. ..…………………………………………...

njhFg;;G :- A.Kaladevi Cp/Nu/ Agrapathana T.M.V

fw;wy; NghW :-
 khjpupahd rdj;njhif tsu;rr; p tiugpd; Nghf;fpid tpgupg;ghu;.
 kdpj rdj;njhif tsu;r;rpapy; Vw;gl;l khw;wj;jpd; Nghf;fpid ,dq;fhz;ghu;.
 kdpj rdj;njhif tsu;r;rpapidg; ghjpf;Fk; fhuzpfis tpsf;Fthu;.
Fbj;njhif tsu;r;rpAk; tsu;r;rpf;NfhyKk;

Fbj;njhif mlu;j;jp
 Fbj;njhif mlu;j;jp vd;gJ njupT nra;ag;gl;l thoplnkhd;wpy; XuyF gug;gpy; thOk; ahNjDk;
,dj;Jf;Fupa mq;fpfspd; vz;zpf;if MFk;.
 Fbj;njhif mlu;j;jpapy; nry;thf;F nrYj;Jk; fhuzpfshtd
1.gpwg;G
2.FbtuT
3.,wg;G
4.Fbafy;T
 gpwg;G :- Fbj;njhifapy; gpwf;Fk; Gjpa mq;fpfspd; vz;zpf;if MFk;.
 FbtuT :- Fbj;njhiff;F ntspapypUe;J tUk; mq;fpfspd; vz;zpf;if MFk;.
 ,wg;G :- Fbj;njhifapy; ,wf;Fk; mq;fpfspd; vz;zpf;if MFk;
 Fbafy;T :- Fbj;njhifia tpl;Lr;nry;Yk; mq;fpfspd; vz;zpf;ifia Fwpf;Fk;.
gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f.
1.Fbj;njhif mlu;j;jp vd;why; vd;d?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2
.,aw;ifapy; Fbj;njhif mlu;j;jp mbf;fb khWgLk; vd;gij Vw;Wf;nfhs;tPuh? mt;thwhapd;
Fbj;njhif mlu;j;jpapy; nry;thf;F nrYj;Jk; fhuzpfisj; jUf?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3.FbtuT vd;gJ ahJ? ,J Fbj;njhif mlu;j;jpapy; vt;thwhd khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; vd tpsf;Ff?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4.Fbafy;T vd;gjhy; fUjg;gLtJ ahJ?
……………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………
5.Fbafy;T Vw;gLtjw;fhd fhuzq;fs; ,uz;L jUf?

…………………………………………………………………………………………
khjpup Fbj;njhif tsu;r;rpf;Nfhyk;
mq;fpfspd; vz;zpf;if
fhTjpwd;
mtj;ij1 mtj;ij2 mtj;ij3 mtj;ij4

fhyk;

khjpup Fbj;njhif tsu;r;rp tisap

 mq;fpfspd; vz;zpf;if fhyj;Jld; khw;wkilAk; tpjkhdJ Fwpj;j xOq;fpy; eilngWk;. ,jid
NkNy tiuG fhl;LfpwJ.
 ,J rpf;kh tbtj;ij nfhz;lJ.
 ,jpy; 4 mtj;ij fhzg;gLk;.
mtj;ij 1 - nkJthd tsu;rr ; p mtj;ij.

 #oYf;F ,irthf;fk; milahj mq;fpfs; fhzg;gLk;
 ,dtpUj;jpf;F gq;Ff;nfhs;Sk; Kjpu;r;rpaile;j mq;fpfs; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; MfNt
mq;fpfspd; vz;zpf;if nkJthf tsu;r;pailAk;.
mtj;ij 2 - Jupj tsu;r;rp mtj;ij

gpd;tUk; fhuzq;fshy; ,t; mtj;ijapy; tsu;rr ; p Ntfkhf eilngWk;
 mq;fpfs; #oYf;F ,irthf;fkiljy;
 ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpy; gq;Ff;nfhs;Sk; Kjpu;r;rpaile;j mq;fpfs; mjpfupj;jy;
 czT fpilj;jy;
 #ow;fhuzpfs; rhjfkhf mikjy;
mtj;ij 3 - tsu;r;rp tPjk; FiwtilAk; mtj;ij

gpd;tUk; fhuzpfshy; ,t; mtj;ijapy; Fbj;njhif tsu;r;rp tPjk; FiwtilAk;
 tsq;fSf;fhf mq;fpfSf;fpilapyhdg; Nghl;b
 czTg; gw;whf;Fiw
 Neha;fs; guTjy;
 ,iuf;ft;tpfspd; nry;thf;F
 xl;Lz;zpfspd; nry;thf;F
mtj;ij 4 - epiyahd mtj;ij

 ,t; mtj;jijapy; Fbj;njhif ,af;f rkdpiyia va;Jk;.
 gpwg;G tPjk; ,wg;G tPjj;jpw;F Vwj;jho rkdhf mikAk;. ,e;epiyapy; ,r;#ow; njhFjpapy;
fhzg;gLk; Fbj;njhifapy; cs;s mq;fpfspd; vz;zpf;if fhTj;jpwd; vdg;gLk;.
gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpil jUf.

1. jug;gl;l tiugpy; x,y mr;Rf;fis Fwpj;Jf;fhl;Lf?
X. …………………………
Y. …………………………
2. ,aw;if Fbj;njhifnahd;wpy; mq;fpfspd; vz;zpf;if
fhyj;Jld; khw;wkilAk; tpjj;ij tiuG fhl;LfpwJ.
,t;tiugpd; tbtj;jpw;F toq;Fk; ngau; ahJ?
……………………………………………….
3. NkNy jug;gl;l tiughdJ 04 mtj;ij nfhz;lJ mtw;iwg; ngaupLf?
1 ..………………………………….. 3 …………………………………………………..
2 .………………………………….. 4 …………………………………………………
ePu; Fwpg;gpl;l mtj;ijfs; xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; toq;Fk; rpwg;G ngau;fisj; jUf?
……………………………………
4. ePu; Fwpg;gp;l;l xt;nthU mtj;ijapYk; tiugpd; Nfhyk; khWg;gl;L nry;Yk; Kiwia xt;nthU
mtj;ij rhu;ghfTk; tpsf;Ff?
mtj;ij1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

mtj;ij 2
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
mtj;ij
3…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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mtj;ij 4
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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5. fhTj;jpwd; vd;gjpypUe;J ePu; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;tJ ahJ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. tsq;fSf;fhf mq;fpfSf;fpilNa fhzg;gLk; Nghl;b Fbj;njhif mlu;j;jpapy; vt;thwhd
khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;? ,J vt; mtj;ijapy; jhf;fk; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ vd tpsf;Ff?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. mtj;ij 2y; mq;fpfspd; vz;zpf;if Jupjkhd tsu;rr ; pia miltjw;F mf;fhyfl;lj;jpy;
mq;fpfs; nfhz;Ls;s tpNrl mk;rq;fs; %d;iw jUf?
1 .………………………………………………………….
2 ………………………………………………………….
3 ………………………………………………………….
09.NkNy tiuGf;fika ngha;ahd $w;iw njupT nra;f

1) #oypy; czT mjpfkhf fpilj;j NghjpYk; mtj;ij 1y; nkJthd tsu;rr ; p tPjk; cs;sJ
2) ,iunfstpfs; fhzg;gl;l NghjpYk; mtj;ij ,uz;by; tPjk; cs;sJ.
3) capuq;fpfs; #oYf;F ed;F ,irthf;fkilahj NghjpYk; mtj;ij ,uz;by; Jupj tsu;r;rp
tPjk; cs;sJ.
4) sq;fSf;fhf capuq;fpfSf;fpilNa Nghl;bfspUe;j NghjpYk; mtj;ij 4y; rkepiy
cUthFk;
kdpj Fbj;njhif tsu;rr

; pf;Nfhyk;
 kdpjd; ,d;Dk; Jupj tsu;rr

; pf;Nfhyj;ijNa nfhz;Ls;shd;. vdNt kdpj Fbj;njhif
tsu;rr
; pf;NfhykhdJ J tbit ngWfpd;wJ.
mq;fpfspd; vz;zpf;if
1 2
fhyk;
kdpj Fbj;njhif tsu;r;rp tisap

kdpj Fbj;njhif tsu;r;rp kpf Ntfkhf tsu;rr ; pailtjw;fhd fhuzq;fshf gpd;tutdtw;iw
Fwpg;gplyhk;
njhopEl;g Kd;Ndw;wk;
kUj;Jt Kd;Ndw;wk; ,jdhy; gpwg;G tPjk; mjpfupj;J ,wg;G tpjk; FiwAk;.

njhFg;G :- A.E. Prasenya Cp/Nu/St Petricks College
fw;wy; NghW :-
 rf;jp kw;Wk; Nghrizfs; vt;thW czTr; rq;fpypfs; kw;Wk; vzT tiyfspD}lhf gha;fpd;wJ vd
tpgupg;ghu;.
 capupay; cUngUf;fj;jpd; tpisTfspid tpsf;Fthu;.
 vz; kw;Wk; capu;j;jpzpTf; $k;gfq;fSld; njhlu;GgLj;jp rf;jp $k;gfj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpidf;
$Wthu;.
czT tiy
mq;fpfSf;F ,ilapyhd ,aw;ifahd ,ilj;njhlu;Gfis fhl;Lk; tiy czT tiy vdg;gLk;.
mNef czT rq;fpypfspd; Nghriz kl;lq;fs; njhlu;Gwtjhy; czT tiy cUthfpwJ.
,q;F mq;fpfs; ntt;NtW mq;fpfspy; jq;fp tho;fpd;wd .

MfNt czTf;fhd Nghl;b FiwtilfpwJ.
czT rq;fpyp
mq;fpfSf;F ,ilapy; fhzg;gLk;; vspikahd czTj;njhlu;Gfs;; czTr;rq;fpyp vdg;gLk;.

my;yJ
cw;gj;jpahf;fpapy; ,Ue;J Muk;gpj;J gbg;gbahf Kjd;ik Efup, Jiz Efup ,Gil Efup vd
Efupfspd; Clhf cztpYs;ss rf;jp flj;jg;gLk; xOq;Fj; njhlu; MFk;.

Xu; czT rq;fpypapy; ,lk; ngWk;; mq;fpfspd; vz;zpf;if mt; czTr; rq;fpypapd; ,izg;G vdg;gLk;.
Nghriz kl;lq;fs;
;
czT rq;fpypapd; ,izg;Gf;fs; Nghriz kl;lj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk;.
4 my;yJ 5 ,izg;Gf;fs; tiu kl;Lg;gLj;jl;gl;L fhzg;gLk;.
,Wjp ,izg;gpy; CDz;zp fhzg;gLk;.
Nghriz mbg;gilapy; capuq;fpfs; 3 tifg;gLk;
jw;Nghriz gpwNghriz gpupifahsu;fs;
jw;;Nghrzpfs;; (cw;gj;jpahf;fp)
vs;pa mNrjd $Wfis Nrjdr; Nru;;itfshf khw;wp Nghrizia ngWk; mw;wy; nfhz;lit
jw;Nghrzpfs; MFk;.
cjhuzk; : gr;irj;jhtuk; my;fh
 gad;gLj;jg;gLk; rf;jp mbg;gilapy;

 xsp jw;Nghrzp
c+k; : gr;irj;jhtuk;
 ,urhad jw;Nghrzp
c+k; : gw;wPupah
gpwNghrzpfs;
 Vida mq;fpfs; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; cztpy; jq;fp
tho;git.
,it Efupfs; jq;fpthopfs; MFk;.
gpwNghrzpfs; 3 tifg;gLj;jg;gLk;
 Kjd;ik Efup - jhtu cz;zp
cw;gj;jpahf;fpfspy; thOk;
 Jiz Efup - CDz;zpfshFk;
Kjd;ik Efupfis czthf;Fk;
 Gil Efup - CDz;zpfs; my;yJ midj;JKz;zp
gpupifahsu;fs;
,we;j capuq;fpspd; clypDs;s rpf;fyhd Nrjd Nru;itfis vspa Nru;itfshfg; gpupifailar;
nra;tjd; %yk; rf;jpia ngWk; Ez;zq;fpfs; MFk;.
,r;nraw;ghL gpupifahf;fk; vdg;gLk; .
;cjhuzk; - gq;fR gw;wuP pah
#ow; $k;gfq;fs;
xt;nthU Nghriz kl;lj;jpYk; fhzg;gLk; mq;fpfspd; vz;zpf;if capu;j;jpzpT my;yJ rf;jp
njhlu;Gfis tiuglk; tbtpy; Fwpf;fg;gLk;.

$k;gfj;jpd; mbg;gFjp cw;gj;jpahf;fpiaAk; mjd; NkYs;s kl;lq;fs; Nghriz kl;;lq;fSf;Fupa

EfupfisAk; Fwpf;Fk;.
gpujhdkhf 3 tifg;gLk;.
vz;zpf;if $k;gfk;
capu;j;jpzpT $k;gfk;
rf;jpf; $k;gfk;
vz;zpf;if $k;gfk;
xt;nthU Nghriz kl;lj;jpYk; fhzg;gLk; mq;fpfspd; vz;zpf;ifia fhl;Lk; $k;gfk;
MFk;.
Nghriz kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; mq;fpfspd; vz;zpf;iff;F Vw;g epkpu;e;j vz;zpf;if $k;gfkhf
my;yJ jiyfPohd vz;zpf;if $k;gfkhf fhzg;glyhk;.
vz;zpf; $k;gfk;
jiy fPohd epkpu;e;j
rf;jp $k;gfk;
Xt;nthU Nghriz kl;lj;jpD}lhfTk; rf;jp ghAk; msit tif Fwpf;Fk; tiuglk; rf;jp $k;gfk;
vdg;gLk
.,J tUlnkhd;wpw;F rJu kPw;wUf;F fpNyhA+y; ( kJm¯² yr¯¹ )vdf; fhl;l KbAk;.
ahNjDk; Nghriz kl;lj;jpypUe;J mjw;F NkYs;s Nghriz kl;lj;jpw;Fr; nry;Yk; NghJ 10%
msthd rf;jp khj;jpuNk flj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.90% rf;jp ,og;G Vw;gLfpd;wJ.
,jd; fhuzkhf vg;nghOJk; rf;jpf; $k;gfj;jpy; Nky; kl;lj;jpw;Fr; nry;Yk; NghJ rf;jpapd; msT
Fiwfpd;wJ
 MfNt rf;jpf; $k;gfk; XU; NghJk; jiyfPohf mikahJ.
czTr; rq;fpypapy; ,izg;Gfspd; vz;zpif rf;jp ,og;Gf; fhuzkhf mNefkhf Ie;ij
tplf; FiwthfNt cs;sd.
capu;j; jpzpTf; $k;gfk;.
Xt;nthU Nghriz kl;lj;jpypYKs;s mq;fpfs; Nrjdg;

gjhu;j;jq;fspd; nkhj;j mstpidf; fhl;Lk; $k;gfk; capu;j; jpzpTf; $k;gfk; vd miof;fg;gLk;.
Zonal Education Office – Nuwara Eliya. Science Unit 10 | P a g e
,J mq;fpfspd; cyu; epiwiaf; fUjp tUlnkhd;wpw;F rJu kPw;wUf;F fpuhk; ( gm¯²yr¯¹ ) vd;Dk;
myfpdhy; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wJ
mNefkhf Efhpfspd; capu;j;jpzpT cw;gj;jpahf;fpfspd; capu;j;jpzpit tplf; FiwthFk;.
,jd; fhuzkhf cah;j;jpzpTf; $k;gfk; mNekhf epkpu;e;jjhfNt fhzg;gLk; .

vdpDk; rpy rkaq;fspy; ePu;r; #oYld; njhlu;ghd Efupfspd; capu;j;jpzpT cw;gj;jpahf;fpfspd;
capu;j;jpzpit tpl mjpfupf;Fk; re;jug;gq;fisf; fhzyhk;. mt;thwhd re;jug;gfspy; capu;j; jpzpT
$k;gfk; jiyfPohf mikayhk;
rf;jp tpuak;
 ahNjDnkhU Nghrizkl;lj;jpypUe;J mLj;j Nghriz kl;lj;jpw;Fr; nry;Yk; NghJ rf;jp
,of;fg;gLk;. ,J rf;jp tpuak; vdg;gLk;.
 rf;jp kl;lj;jpd; Clhfr; rf;jp gha;e;J nry;Yk; NghJ ngUkstpyhd rf;jp ,of;fg;gLtjhy; ePz;l
czT rq;fpypia tpl FWfpa czTr; rq;fpyp tpidj;jpwd; $baJ.

njhFg;G :- P. Rathika Cp/Nu/Saraswathy T.M.V
fw;wy; NghW :-
 ,aw;ifr; #oypDs; rlg;nghUl;fs; ahTk; xU tl;lg;ghijapd; topg;ghq;fpd;wJ vd vLj;Jf;
$Wthu;.
 capu;g; Gtpapurhad tl;lk; vd;why; vd;d vd;gjid tpgupg;ghu;.
ePu;f;Nfhsk;.
 rKj;jpuq;fs;> ed;ePuj
; ;Njf;fq;fs; vd;git ,jpy; mlq;Fk;.
 Gtpapd; Nkw;gug;gpd; Vwj;jho 70% ePupdhy; %lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
 vdpDk; 0.01% vDk; rpwpa msNt mq;fpfshy; Efug;glf;$bajhAs;sJ.
 ,jdhy; Gtpapy; fhzg;gLk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l ePu;tsj;ij Row;rr
; p rf;fu nrad;Kiw %ykhfNt
jf;f itj;Jf;nfhs;s KbAk;
 ,jw;F ,aw;ifapy; ePu; tl;lk; cjTfpd;wJ.
tspf;Nfhsk;
 Gtpiar; #oTs;s thAf;fyit ,jpylq;Fk;.
 tspkz;ltj;jpy; iejurd;> xl;rprd;> fhgdPnul;irl;> Ijurd;> rlj;Jt thAf;fs;> ePuhtp vd;gd
gpujhdkhf cs;slq;Ffpd;wd.
 ,it gy;NtW tbtq;fspy; gy;NtW NjitfSf;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
 ,it kPz;Lk; gioa tbtq;fspNyNa tspkz;lyj;jpw;F tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
 ,t; rf;fu Row;rpapd; %yk; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; mt; tsq;fis gad;gLj;j $bajhf cs;sJ.
 cjhuzk; : mq;fpfspd; Rthrk; %yk; cs;nsLf;fg;gL;k; xl;rprd; MdJ ntsp Rthrj;jpd; NghJ
fhgdPnuhl;irl;lhf ntspf; nfhz;Ltug;gLfpd;wJ. kPz;Lk; fhgdPnuhl;irl;L xspnjhFg;gpd; NghJ
gad;gLj;jg;gl;L gf;f tpisthf xl;rprd; kPz;Lk; tsp kz;lyj;jpw;F tpLtpf;fg;gLfpwd;wJ.
 ,t;thW xl;rprd; rkepiy Ngzg;gLfpd;wJ.
fw;Nfhsk;
 GtpAk;> mjd; Nky; nkd; %bAk; ,jpylq;Fk;.
 gy;NtW ghiwfSk;> fdpaq;fSk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l msNt Gtpapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
 ,it gy;NtW NjitfSf;fhf ntt;NtW tbtq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
 gpd; kPz;Lk; Gtpapy; Nru;f;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;thW ,it
Row;rpailfpd;wd.
rf;fur; nrad;Kiw/ Row;rp nrad;Kiw

 R+oypy; xU nrad;Kiw njhlu;rr
; pahf kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; Xu; xOq;fpy; ,lk; ngwy; rf;fur; nrad;Kiw
my;yJ Row;;rpr; nrad;Kiw vd;W $wyhk;.
cjhuzk; : ePu; tl;lk;
 ,aw;ifapy; capu; Nfhsj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; gy;NtW $Wfs; > gy;NtW tbtq;fspy; capuq;fpfspd;
clypDs; Njf;fkile;Js;sd.
 capuq;fpfs; ,wq;j gpd; mt; ,urhazf;$Wfs; kPz;Lk; gpupifahf;fpfs; %yk; R+oYf;F
tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
 gpd; kPz;Lk; mit Vida mq;fpfshy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
 ,t; Row;rp rf;fuk; njhlu;rr
; pahf ,lk; ngWk; NghJ Gtpapy; ,t;tsq;fs; epiyNgwhf gad;gLj;jf;
$bajhf cs;sJ
capu;g;Gtp ,urhadr; rf;fuq;fs;
 capu;f; Nfhsj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; tspf;Nfhsk;> ePu;f;Nfhsk;> fw;Nfhsk; vd;gtw;wpd;D}lhf
mj;jpahtrpa ,urhadf; $Wfs; rf;fukhf Row;;rpailAk; ,aw;ifahd nrad;Kiw capu;g;Gtp
,urhadr; rf;fuk; vd miof;fg;gLk;.
capu;g;Gtp ,urhadr; rf;fuq;fs;
1. fhgd; rf;fuk;
2. iejurd; rf;fuk;
3. nghRguR rf;fuk;
4. ePu;r; rf;fuk;
 njhlu;rr
; pahf Gtpapy; capu; ,urhazr; rf;fuq;fs; ,lk; ngWtjhy; ,urhazf;$Wfs; Xuplj;jpy;
Njf;fkilahky; Rw;wpNahl;lg;gLfpd;wJ.
 ,r;rf;fu nraw;ghl;bw;F capUs;s capuw;w $WfSk; ,ilj;jhf;fk; Gupfpd;wd.
 capu;f; Nfhsj;jpy; ,t; ,urhazf; $Wfs; gy;NtW khw;wq;fSf;F cl;gl;L gy;NtW gb epiyfspy;
ntt;NtW tbtq;fspy; capuq;fpfsgy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
 cjhuzk; : tspkz;ly iejurid Neubahf jhtuq;fshy; gad;gLj;j KbahJ. iejurdpd;
mad;fshf khw;wg;gLk; NghNj jhtu Ntu;fshy; mtw;iw mfj;JupQ;r KbAk;.
capu;Gtp ,urhazr; rf;fuq;fs; ,lk; ngWtjpy; gq;fspf;Fk; rpy nraw;ghLfs;
 kio
 kpd;dy;
 jfdk;
 Rthrk;
 Xspj; njhFg;G
 gpupifahf;fk;
 Rtl;lhf;fk;
tpdhf;fs;
 rf;fur; nrad;Kiw vd;why; vd;d?

 capu; Gtp ,urhadr; rf;fuq;fshy; R+oYf;F fpilf;Fk; mD$yq;fs; ahit?
 capu; Gtp ,urhadr; rf;fuq;fSf;F cjhuzq;fs; jUf?
 capu; Gtp ,urhadr; rf;fu nrad;Kiwapy; gq;fspg;G nra;Ak; nraw;ghLfisj; jUf?
njhFg;G :- N.Thiyagendran Cp/Nu/Dimulla T.V
fw;wy; NghW :-
 fhgd;> iejurd; kw;Wk; nghRguR vd;gtw;wpid capu;g;Gtpapurhad tl;lqfSf;F cjhuzkhff;
$Wthu;.
 fhgd;> kw;Wk; iejurd; tl;lq;fspid cUtg; glq;fs; %yk; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.
 #oy; rkepiyiag; ghjpf;fpd;w fhuzpfis tpgupg;ghu;.
fhgd; rf;fuk;.

iejurd; rf;fuk;.

caph;Gtp ,urhadr; rf;fuq;fs;.

01. caph;Gtp ,urhadr;rf;fuk; vd;why; vd;d?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
02. caph;Gtp ,urhadr;rf;fuq;fspdhy; #oYf;F fpilf;fngWk; mD$yk; ahJ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
03. caph;Gtp ,urhadr;rf;fuq;fSf;F cjhuzk; jUf?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
fhgd; rf;fuk;.
01. #oy;nwhFjpapy; fhgd; gjpf;fg;gLk; gpujhd Kiwiaj; jUf?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
02. tpyq;Ffs; fhgid vt;thW ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wJ?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
03. gphpifahf;fpfs; vt;thW fhgidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wd?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
04. mq;fpfspd; clypy; ,Ue;J vr;nraw;ghl;bd; %ykhf fhgd; tspkz;lyj;jpDs; nry;fpd;wJ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
05. gphpifailahj ,we;j jhtu tpyq;FfSf;F kz;zpy; GijAz;L vJthf khWfpd;wJ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
06. fhgdpd; gpujhd %yk; vJ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
07. tspkz;lyj;jpd;; fdtsTg;gb CO2 d; rjtPjk; ahJ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
08. fly;ehP py; CO2 thA fiuAk; NghJ Njhd;Wk; gjhh;j;jk; ahJ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
09. fly; ePhpy; fiue;Js;s CO2 thA vj;NjitfSf;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. caph;j; njhFjpapy; mlf;fg;gl;Ls;s fhgd; capuw;w njhFjpiar; nrd;wilAk; topfs; ahit?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. jfdj;jpd; tpisthf ntspNaWk; gpujhd thA epiyg; gjhh;j;jk; vJ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iejurd; rf;fuk;.
01) Gtp Nkw;gug;gpy; iejuridg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; gpujhd %yk; vJ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
02) tspkz;lyj;jpy; vj;jid rjtPjk; iejurd; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
03) tspkz;ly iejuridg; gjpf;Fk; Kiwfs; %d;W mit vit?
1. ………………………………….
11 …………………………………..
111. ………………………………….
04) caphpay; gjpj;jy; Kiwapy; gq;F nfhs;Sk; Ez;zq;fpfisg; ngahpLf?

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………
05.) caphpay; iejurd; gjpj;jy; nrad; Kiwapd; NghJ cUthf;fg;gLk; mad; vJ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
06.) capuq;fpfspy; iejurd; tpNrlkhf vr;Nrh;itfspy; fhzg;gLk;?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
07) kz;zPupy; fiue;J iejurd; vt;tad;fshff; fhzg;gLk;?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
08) iejurd; tpyq;FfSf;F rlj;Jtkhdjhf mikfpd;wJ ,f;$w;wpid Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wPuh?
fhuzk; jUf?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
09) tspkz;ly epiyg;gLj;jy; Kiwapy; iejurd; gjpj;jy; nrad;Kiwia tpsf;Ff?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10) kpd; ,urhadg; gjpj;jy; vd;gJ vjidf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11) jhtuq;fshy; cs;nsLf;fg;gl;l iejurd; vj;Njitf;F gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12) caph;j; njhFjpapy; mlf;fg;gl;Ls;s iejurd; capuw;w njhFjpia kPz;Lk; milAk;
topKiwfisj; jUf?
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
13) ,aw;ifapy; iejurd; rf;fur; nrad;Kiwapy;kdpjdpd; jiyaPL Fog;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.
mjid tpsf;Ff?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
14) ,aw;ifapy; iejurd; rf;fur; nrad;Kiwapy; Nkk;gLj;Jk; eltbf;iffisj; jUf?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15) fPNo jug;gl;l jhf;fq;fspy; mk;Gf;Fwpapd; kPJ mj;jhf;fq;fSf;F fhuzkhd Ez;zq;fpfspd;
ngah;fis Fwpg;gpLf?
1. N2-------------------------------NO3 -
2. NO3 ----------------------------- NH4+
3. NH4+ -------------------------- NO2-
4. NO2- --------------------------- NO3-
5. NO3- -------------------------- N2

njhFg;G :- S. Nishanthan Cp/Nu/Carla Back T.V
fw;wy; NghW :-
 #oy; khriljy; vd;why; vd;d? vd tpsf;Fthu;
 kz;> ePu; kw;Wk; tsp khriljypidg; ghjpf;Fk; fhuzpfisf; fz;lwpthu;
 ntt;NtW Kjy;fspypUe;J ntspNaw;wg;gLk; gy;NtW khrhf;fpfisg; gw;wpa Ma;T mwpf;if
xd;wpid rku;g;gpg;ghu;.
 ntt;NtW Kjy;fspypUe;J ntspNaw;wg;gLk; gy;NtW khrhf;fpfspy; fhzg;gLk; ,urhadg;
gjhu;j;jq;fisg; ngaupLthu;.
#oy; khriljy;
#oy; khriljy; vd;why; vd;d ?
,aw;if #oypy; ghjpg;ghd khw;w;q;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; fopTg; gjhu;j;jq;fs;>rf;jp vd;gd msTf;fjpfkhf
#oYld; Nru;jy; #oy; khriljy; vdg;gLk;.
kf;fs; njhif mjpfupg;gpdhy; #oYf;F tpLtpf;fg;gL:k; fopTg;nghUl;fs; #oypy; mjpfkhf
tpLtpf;fg;gLtjdhy; #oy; rkepiy ghjpg;gilfpd;wJ.
1. #oy; khriljy; %d;W Kiwfspy; eilngWfpwJ.
1. tsp khriljy;
2. ePu; khriljy;
3. kz; khriljy;
2. #oy; khriltjw;F gy;NtW fopTg; gjhu;j;jq;fs; fhuzkhfpd;wd.
tsp khriljy;
 njhopw;rhiy> thfdq;fspy; vupnghUs; jfdk;
mkpy kio>ntg;gepiy mjpfupg;G(gr;ir tPl;L tpisT)
 Fspu;rhjdg;ngl;b
XNrhd; gil ghjpg;G> Gw Cjhf; fjpu;fs; thridj; jputpaq;fs; Gtpia te;jile;jy;.tsp
gjdkhf;fp> epwg;g+r;R
 fhLfSf;F jP itj;jy;> vup kio
mkpy kio> fhgd; iejurd; tl;lk; khWk;> Rthr Neha;fs; Vw;gLk;
ePu; khriljy;
 njhopw;rhiyfspypUe;J ntsptUk; fopTfs; ePupw; fyj;jy;
ePu; tho; tpyq;Ffs; mopj;jy;> cztpD}lhf kdpjDl;gl tpyq;Ffis te;jiljy;>Neha;fs;
Vw;gly;>ew;Nghridahf;fk; Vw;gLk;.
 tptrha ,urhadg; nghUl;fs; nraw;if cuk; ePupy; fyj;jy;
ePu; tho; mq;fpfs; capug; ; gy;tifik ghjpg;G> Efu;tpw;F cfe;jjy;yhky; khwy;
 tPl;Lf; fopTg; nghUlfs;
ew;Nghridahf;fk;>Ju;ehw;wk; tPry;
kz; khriljy;
 cf;fhj fopTfs; Fg;igfs; Nru;jy;
kz;Zapu;fs; mopjy;> ePu>; kz;izg; gad;gLj;j KbahJ Nghjy;
 fhlopj;jy;
kz;zpd; ctu;j;jd;ik mkpyj; jd;ik $Ljy;>jhtu tsu;rr ; pf;F cfe;jjy;yhj #oy;
cUthjy;> kz; rupT> kz;zupg;G Vw;gly;.
#oy; khriltjpy; nry;thf;F nrYj;Jk; fhuzpfs;
1. tptrha ,urhadg; gjhu;j;jq;fs; 6. njhopw;rhiy fopTg; nghUl;fs;
2. gr;ir tPl;L thAf;fs; 7. ghu cNyhfq;fs;
3. Jzpf;iff; fopTfs; 8. tPl;Lf; fopTfs;
4. ,yj;jpudpay; fopTfs; 9. mZf; fopTfs;
5. tPl;L ,urhadg; gjhu;j;jd fopTfs; 10. czTr; Nru;khdq;fs;
khrhf;fpfspypUe;J tpLtpf;fg;gLk; gjhu;j;jq;fs;
 tptrha ,urhad gjhu;j;jq;fs;
,urhadg; grisfs;> gPil ehrpdpfs;> fiof; nfhs;spfs;> fUkp ehrpdpfs;> FWfpa fhy eyd;
fUjp gad;dLj;jg;gLtjhy; #oYf;Fk; rfhjhuj;jpw;Fk; ghjpg;G Vw;gl;Ls;sd
 njhypw;rhiyf; fopTg; nghUl;fs;

IjNuh fhgd;fs;
 gr;ir tPl;L thAf;fs;

fhgdPnuhl;irl;L (Co2)> fe;jftPnuhl;irl;L(so2)> iejurd; xl;irl;Lf;fs;> nkNjd;(CH4)> FNshNuh
GNshNuh fhgd;(CFC)> ePuhtp(H2O)> XNrhd;
 ghu cNyhfq;fs;
,urk;(Hg)> Mrdpf;F(As)>FNuhkpak;(Cr)>fl;kpak;(Cd)><ak;(Pb),kq;fdPR(Mn)> ehfk;(Zn)
 Jzpf;iff; fopTfs;
1. jpz;k Jzpf;iffs;
fhgd; Jzpf;iffs; ghu cNyhfq;fs;>rhk;gy;>J}R> fd;dhu;(m];g];NlhR)
2. jputj; Jzpf;iffs;
ePuhtp> jputr; Nrjd Jzpf;iffs;> ,ur Mtp
3. fe;jftPnuhl;irl;L>iejurdpd; xl;rirl;Lf;fs;
mkpy kio
 ry;g+u]; mkpyk;> ry;g+upf;fkpyk;> iejurdPnuhl;irl;> rpy ghu cNyhfq;fs;
tPl;Lf; fopTfs;
 gOjile;j czTfs;
 gioa Milfs;
 fz;zhbfs;
 Nghrypd;fs;
 gpyh];bf;
 nghypj;jPd;
 kdpj fopTfs; Nghd;wtw;wpypUe;J ntspNaWk; gjhu;j;jq;fs;
,yj;jpudpay; fopTfs;
 <ak; > ,urk; > fl;kpak; > ngupypak; > Mrdpf;F> PVC
mZf;fopTfs;
 ANudpak;
 GYl;Nlhdpak;
tPl;L ,urhadf; fopTfs;

 czTr; Nru;khdq;fs;
 mOf;ffw;wpfs;
 kUe;Jfs;
 moF rhjdg; nghUl;fspypUe;J #oYf;F jPq;F Vw;gLj;jf;#ba gy;NtW gjhu;j;jq;fs;
ntspNaw;wg;gLfpd;wd.
epwg; g+r;Rf;fs; :- ,tw;wpd; gad;ghl;lhy; #oYf;F mjpfkhd ghjpg;Gf;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd.
Rtl;L vupnghUs; jfdk;

 fhgdPnuhl;irl;Lk;> fe;jftPnuhl;irl;Lk; #oYf;F tpLtpf;fg;gly;.
epiyNgwhd Nrjd khrhf;fpfspd; gad;ghL

 ,tw;wpy; #oYf;F ngUk; mr;RWj;jyhd 12 Nru;itfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
cjhuzk; : - lNahf;rpd;> gpANuhd;> DDT
gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f.

01. #oy; khriljy; vd;why; vd;d ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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02. #oy; khriljy; %d;W Kiwfspy; eilngWfpwJ. mk;Kiwfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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03. #oy; khriljy; kPJ nry;thf;F nrYj;Jk; fhuzpfs; vit?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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04. ghu cNyhfq;fSf;F cjhuzk; jUf.
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05. mkpy kiof;F fhuzkhd thAf;fs; vit?
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06. tPl;Lf;fopTg; nghUl;fSf;F cjhuzk; jUf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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07. md;whl tho;tpy; tPl;by; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; kUe;Jfs; 3 jUf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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08. jw;fhyj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; moFrhjdg; nghUl;fs; vit?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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09. ngUkstpy; Rtl;L vupnghUl;fs; jfdkilAk; re;ju;g;gq;fisj; jUf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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10. tPl;by; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; njhw;W ePf;fpfs; vit ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

njhFg;G :- B. Mary Dhabora Cp/Nu/Barathy T.M.V
fw;wy; NghW :-
 #oy; khriljypw;F jdpegnuhUtupd; gq;fspg;gpid kjpg;gpLthu;
 #oy; khriljypw;F ntt;NtW epwtdq;fspd; jdpg;gl;l gq;fspg;gpid kjpg;gpLthu;
 ghjfkhd tpisTfis Vw;gLj;Jk; #oy; khriljYld; njhlu;gila ntt;NtW epfo;Tfis
tpsf;Fthu;.
 #oy; khriljypdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjftpisTfis mwpag;gLj;Jtjw;F gy;NtW cj;jp Kiwfisf;
ifahs;thu;.
#oy; khriltjdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gfs;.
1. mkpykio 8. G+Nfhs ntg;gKwy;
2. XNrhd;gil twpjhf;fk; 9. Xsp ,urhad Jhkk;
3. capu; nrwptiljy; 10. ew;Nghrizahf;fk;
4. fjpu;tPry; kl;lk; cau;jy; 11. thoplk; mw;WNghjy;.
5. ghiytdkhjy; 12. jhtutsu;r;rp Fd;Wjy;;
6. ,aw;if#oy; moptiljy; 13. Rfhjhu rPu;NfLfs;
7. capu;gg
; y;tifik ,og;G 14. Mf;fpukpg;G ,dq;fs; Njhd;Wjy;.
1.mkpykio
SO2 , NO2 Mfpa thAf;fs; ePupy; fiue;J mkpyq;fshf khWfpd;wd.
,t;tkpyq;fs; Nru;e;j kio mkpykio vdg;gLfpwJ.
,jdhy; fhLfs; tptrhag;gapu;fs; moptilfpd;wd.
ePu;tho; capupdq;fs; mopfpd;wd.
jhtu fdpAg;G mfj;JwpQ;rYf;F ghjpg;G Vw;gLfpwJ.
2.G+Nfhs ntg;gKwy;
gr;irtPl;LthAf;fshd CO2,CH4,CFC,ePuhtp vd;gtw;wpd; mjpfupg;gpdhy; GtpNkw;gug;gpypUe;J ntg;gf;fjpu;fs;;
ntspNaWk; msT FiwfpwJ.
,t;thA%yf;$Wfs; ntg;gj;ij jd;dfj;Nj mfj;JwpQ;rpf; nfhs;tNj ,jw;fhd fhuzkhFk;
tspkz;ly ntg;gepiy mjpfupj;J GtpNfhsk; ntg;gkilfpwJ.
,jdhy; Gtpapd; JUtg;gFjpfspYs;s gdpg;ghiwfs; cUFjy;
rKj;jpukl;lk; mjpfupj;jy; vd;gd epfo;fpd;wd.
3.XNrhd;gil twpjhf;fk;
#upadpypUe;J tUk; fopA+jhf;fjpu;fs; Gtpia te;jilahky; ghJfhg;Ggilahf XNrhd; gil
njhopw;gLfpwJ.CFC, NO Nghd;w ThAf;fs; XNrhd; %yf;$Wfis cilg;gjdhy; ,g;gil rpijtilfpwJ.
vdNt rf;jp tha;e;j fopA+jhfjpu;fs; Gtpia milfpd;wd.
,f;fjpu;fshy; fz;zpy; ntz;glyk; Njhd;wy; ,Njhy;Gw;WNeha; vd;gd Vw;gLfpd;wd.
4.Xsp ,urhad Jhkk;
Gif %Lgdp Mfpait Nru;e;J cUthFtJld; fz;nzupitAk; ghu;g;gjw;F jlq;fiyAk; Vw;gLj;Jk;
kQ;rs; epwk; rhu;e;j glyk; Xsp ,urhad Jhkk; MFk;.
,jd; tpisTfshf RthrnjhFjp ghjpg;G jhtu tsu;rr
; p ghjpg;G Vw;gLfpd;wd.
5. capu;nrwptiljy;
czTrq;fpypapy; xU Nghrizkl;lj;jpypUe;J mLj;j Nghrizkl;lj;jpw;F nry;Yk;NghJ er;Rj;jd;ik
nfhz;l ,urhad khRf;fs; nrwptiljy; capu;nrwptiljy; MFk;.
,k;khRf;fs; ePz;lfhyk; moptilahJ ,yFtpy; rpijtilahJ fhzg;gLk;.
mq;fpfspDhlhf miraf;$baJ.
6. ew;Nghrizahf;fk;
iej;jpNuw;W nghRNgw;W mad;fspd; nrwpT mjpfupg;gpdhy; ePu;epiyfspy; my;fh tsu;r;rpaile;J ePupd;kPJ
gr;ir glynkhd;W Njhd;Wtjdhy; ePupd; xspGftpLk;jd;ik tsp fiuAk; jd;ik mw;Wg;Nghfpd;wd.capu;
,urhadtpaYf;fhd xl;rprd; Njit mjpfupg;gjdhy; ePu;tho; mq;fpfs; ,wf;fpd;wd. fhw;wpd;wpa tho;
gw;wuP pahf;fspd; nraw;ghl;bdhy; Ijurd;ry;igl;L mNkhdpah nkNjd; Mfpa thAf;fs;
tpLtpf;fgg;Ltjdhy; ePupy; Ju;kzk; tPRk;. ,e;epiy ew;Nghrizahf;fk; vdg;gLk;.
gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;Ff.

1.#oy; khriltjdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gfis Fwpg;gpLf.

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2.mkpykio vd;why; vd;d?
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3.kioePupd; mkpyj;jd;ik mjpfupg;gjw;F fhuzkhd gpujhd thAf;fs; vit?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4.fe;jftPnuhl;irl;L ePupy; fiue;J vd;d mkpykhf khWk;?

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5.iejurdPnuhl;irl;L ePupy; fiue;J vd;d mkpykhf khWk;?
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6.mkpykioapdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gfs; vit?
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7.gr;ir tPl;L thAf;fs; vit?
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8.G+Nfhs ntg;gKwy; vd;gij tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;Jf
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9.G+Nfhs ntg;gKwypd; tpisTfs; vit?
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10.XNrhd;gil twpjhf;fk; vd;gij tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;Jf
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11.XNrhdpd; FwpaPL vJ?
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12.XNrhd;gil GtpapypUe;J vj;jid fpNyhkPw;wu; Jhuj;jpYs;sJ?
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14.XNrhd;thA Njhd;Wk; Kiwia tpsf;Ff.
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15.XNrhd;gilapd; njhopy; ahJ?
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16.XNrhd;gilia rpijf;Fk; thAf;fs; vit?

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17.XNrhd;gil rpijtiltjhy; Gtpia milAk; er;R fjpu; vJ?
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18. ,f;fopA+jhfjpupdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gfs; vit?
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19.Xsp ,urhad Jhkk; vd;why; vd;d?
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20.Xsp ,urhad Jhkk; fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gfis gl;baypLf.
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21.capu; nrwptiljy; vd;why; vd;d?
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22.mq;fpfspd; clypDs; nrwptilAk; Nru;itfs; 2 jUf.
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23.mq;fpfspd; clypDs; nrwptilAk; ghu cNyhfq;fs; 2 jUf.
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24.vg;Nghrizkl;lj;jpy; ,g;gjhu;j;jq;fs; mjpfstpy; nrwptilfpd;wd?
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25.mq;fpfspd; clypDs; nrwptiltjdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gfs; vit?
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26.ew;Nghrizahf;fk; vd;why; vd;d?
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27. ew;Nghrizahf;fj;jpd;NghJ epfOk; nraw;ghLfs; vit?
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28.vt;tad;fspd; nrwpT mjpfupg;gjdhy; my;fhf;fspd; tsu;r;rp mjpfupf;fpd;wJ?
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29.mt;thW my;fh kyu;jypdhy; ePu;epiyfspy; thOk; mq;fpfSf;F ahJ epfOk;?
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30.ePupd; Ju;kzj;jpw;F fhuzkhd thAf;fis jUf
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31.ew;Nghrizahf;fj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gfs; vit?
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32.fjpu;tPry; kl;lk; cau;tjw;fhd fhuzk; ahJ?
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33.mq;fpfspd; thoplk; vd;gJ vd;d?
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34.thoplk; mw;WNghtjdhy; Vw;gLk; tpisT ahJ?
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35.ghiytdkhjy; vd;why; vd;d?

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36.ghiytdk; Njhd;Wtjpy; nry;thf;F nrYj;Jk; fhuzpfs; vit?
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37.#oy; khriltjdhy; vt;thW jhtutsu;rr ; p FiwtilfpwJ?
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38.#oy; khriltjdhy; ,aw;if moptilAk; re;ju;g;gq;fis Fwpg;gpLf.
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39.#oy; khriltjdhy; Vw;gLk; Rfhjhu rPu;NfLfs; vj;jifaJ?
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40.capu;gg; y;tifik ,og;G vd;why; vd;d?
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41.capug;;gy;tifik ,og;G Vw;gLk; re;ju;g;gq;fis vOJf.
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42.Mf;fpukpg;G ,dq;fs; Njhd;Wjy; vd;why; vd;d?
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43.Mf;fpukpg;G ,dq;fSf;F cjhuzq;fs; jUf.
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XNrhd;gil twpjhf;fk; , mkpykio, G+Nfhs ntg;gKwy;, capu; nrwptiljy; ,ew;Nghrizahf;fk;

Mfpad #oy; khriltjd; Neub tpisTfshFk;.
1. capu; nrwptiljy; vd;gJ ahJ ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. XNrhd;gilapd; njhopy; ahJ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
; l;lk; 10-20 cm ,dhy; mjpfupj;jJ.,jpy; Nkw;Fwpj;j vt;tpisT
3. fle;j Ehw;whz;by; rKj;jpu ePuk
Neub gq;fspg;Gr;nra;Js;sJ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

njhFg;G:- S.Davakamal Cp/Nu/ St Xavier College
fw;wy; NghW :-
 khw;wkilAk; tho;f;if Kiwapidg; ghjpf;Fk; fhuzpfis $Wthu;.
 tho;f;if Kiwik khw;wj;jpdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l tpisTfisf; fz;lwptjw;fhd xU
nraw;wpl;lj;jpid tbtikj;J elj;Jthu;
 nraw;wpl;lj;jpd; ngWNgWfis kw;iwa FOf;fSld; gupkhw;wpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf rpwe;j xU
Kiwapidg; gpuNahfpg;ghu;.
kdpjdpd; Kjy; rfhg;jj;jpy; ,Ue;J jdpg;gl;l gof;ftof;fq;fspd; fyitAk; $l;Lj;njhifAk;

jhf;fq;fshf khwpaJ. Gpd;du; kdpjFyj;jpd; tsu;rr; pAld; jfty;njhlu;G %yk; ,ize;J mtdJ
tho;f;if KiwAk; khw;wj;jpw;F cs;shdJ.
,JNghyNt Gtpapy; thOk; vy;yh mq;fpfSf;Fk; jhk; thOk; #oYf;Nfw;g tho;f;if Nfhyj;jpy;
gy;NtW khw;wq;fis mtjhdpf;f $bajhf cs;sJ.
cjhuzk; :-
1. Cz;Zd;dpfshd eha;> G+id vd;gd tPl;by; nry;yg;gpuhzpfshf tsu;tjdhy; mit jhtuk;>
,iwr;rp Nghd;w midj;ijAk; czthf cl;nfhs;fpd;wd.
2. fw;fhyj;jpy; fhy;eilahf ,lg;ngau;it Nkw;nfhz;l kdpjdl jw;NghJ tpz;ntspapYk;
gazpf;Fk; mstpy; Kd;NdwpAs;shd;.
mjd; mbg;gilapy; kdpj tho;f;if Nfhyj;jpy; nry;thf;F nrYj;Jk; fhuzpfshtd>

1. ifj;njhopy; kakhf;fy; 3. efu kakhf;fy;
2. tzpfka tptrhak; 4. jpl;lkpl;l ePug
; hrd njhFjp
ifj;njhopy; kakhf;fy;
Muk;g fhyk; njhl;L ,d;W tiu kdpj Fbj;njhif tsu;r;rp fhuzkhf mtdJ Njitfs;
mjpfupj;Jf;nfhz;Nl nry;fpd;wik ehk; midtUk; mwpe;j Xu; tplakhFk;. vdNt mj;Njitfis
epiwT nra;a Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Xu; cghakhf ifj;njhopy; kakhf;fk; cUthf;kg;gl Ntz;ba Njit
Vw;g;gl;lJ.
ifj;njhopy; kakhf;fk; vd;why; vd;d?
Muk;gfhy tptrha r%fj;jpypUe;J nghUs; kw;Wkl Nritia cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; r%fkhf khw;wkilAk;
nrad;Kiw ifj;njhopy; kakhf;fk; vdg;gLk;.
fhyg;Nghf;fpy; kdpjdpd; Njitfs; mjpfupg;gpd; fhuzkhf cw;gj;jp nraw;ghLfspd; Nfs;tpfs;
mjpfupf;fj; njhlq;fpd. ,tw;iw ifahs;rjw;fhd njhopDl;g tsu;r;rp mjpfupj;J INuhg;gpa ehLfis
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ifj;njhopw;Gul;rp Muk;gkhdJ.
cyfpy; ifj;njhopw;Gul;rp Kjd;Kjypy; ,q;fpyhe;jpy; 3k; N[hu;[; kd;dd; fhyj;jpy; ( 1760 – 1820)
,lk;ngw;wJ.
ifj;njhopw;Gul;rp fhuzkhf Nghf;Ftuj;J> njhlu;ghly;> tptrhak; vd;gdTk; mjSld; njhlu;Ggl;l
VidaitAk; tsu;rr ; p ngw;wd.

efukakhf;fy;
kdpjdpd; Fbj;njhif tsu;rr ; p fhuzkhfTk; mtu;fspd; Njitfs; mjpfkhdjhYk; mtw;iw
epiwNtw;wpff;nfhs;tjw;fhd Kaw;rpapy; mtd; nraw;g;glj; njhlq;fpdhd;.
ifj;njhopw;Gul;rpiaj; njhlu;e;J kf;fs; jkJ njhopy; kw;Wk; Njitfis epiwT nra;Ak; nghUl;L
kf;fs; xd;W Nru;tjw;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fs; Vw;g;gl;ld> vdNt efuq;fis mikj;J kf;fs; mq;F
FbNawj;njhlq;fpdu;.
efukakhf;fy; vd;why; vd;d?
kdpj Fbj;njhif tsu;r;rp fhuzkhf tsq;fs; epiwe;j gpuNjrj;jpw;F kf;fs; xd;W Nruy;
efukakuf;fy; vdg;gLk;.
 efukakhf;fy; Clhf kf;fSf;F kpd;>

FbePu;> Nghf;Ftuj;J> fy;tp> kUj;Jtk;>
njhopy;> nghJg;gzp> tzpfk; Nghd;w
mNdf trjpfs; kf;fSf;F G+u;j;jp
nra;ag;gl;lij mjhlu;e;J kf;fs;
Ntfkhf efu;Guq;fSf;F
Fbg;ngauj;njulq;fpdu;. NkYk;
efu;gFjpfspy; tu;zkakhd kw;Wk;
ftu;r;rpahd FbapUg;Gf;fs; vd;gtw;wpy;
<u;f;fg;gl;ljpshYk; kf;fs; efu;Guq;fspy;
Fbg;ngauj; njhlq;fpdu;.
• ,Jkl;Lkd;wp Kd;GFwpg;gpl;l juTfSf;F
Nkyjpfkhf fyhr;rhuk;> ehfupf Nkhfk;
Nghd;w gy fhuzpfs; kf;fs;efu;
gFjpfspy; FbNau fhuzkhfpd;wJ.

tzpfka tptrhak;
• ifj;njhopw;Gul;rp> efukakhjy; Nghd;w nraw;ghLfspd; epkpj;jk; kf;fspd; md;whl nraw;fgLfs;
mtutu; njhopYf;Nfw;g;gTk;> nghUshjhu kl;lj;jpw;Nfw;gg
; Tk; khw;wj;jpw;Fs;shdJ. ,jpy; czTk;
tpjptpyf;fy;y…
• jw;fhyj;jpy; tpj;jpahrkhf czTfis tiffis rikf;fTk;> mtw;wpd; %yg;nghUl;fis
cw;gj;jp nra;aTk; Kw;gl;l kdpj r%fk; Njitf;F mjpfkhfTk; czT cw;gj;jpia tzpf
eltbf;ifahf Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;whd;.
tzpfka tptrhak; vd;why; vd;d?

jq;fp tho;tjw;F Njitahd czT cw;gj;jpia tpl Nkyjpfkhf tzpf Nehf;fhf ghupastpy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; tptrhak; tzpfka tptrhak; vdg;gLk;.
,q;F tptrhakhdJ tUkhdk; <l;Lk; nraw;ghlhfNt Nkw;nfhs;sg; gLfpd;wJ. ,jw;fhf

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; nraw;ghLspy; rpytw;iw ,q;F ghu;g;Nghk;.
• tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l Ngjq;fis gapuply;
tptrha ,urhad gjhu;j;jq;fisg; gad;gLj;jy;

• ,ae;jpuq;fisg; gad;gLj;jy;
jpl;lkplg;gl;l ePug
; ;ghrdj; njhFjpfis mikj;jy;
kdpjd; gy Mapuk; tUlq;fSf;F Kd;gpUe;Nj tptrhaj;ij Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;wik njhlu;ghf ehk;
Kd;ida tFg;Gfspy; fw;wpUg;Nghk;. Kd;ida fhyq;fspy; Fbj;njhif Fiwe;jpUe;jikapdhy;
gapu;nra;iff;F vd ePiu Nrkpj;J itj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;ba Njit mtDf;Ff; fhzg;gltpy;iy>
gUtkioia kl;LNk NghJkhdjhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,Ug;gpDk; fhyg;Nghf;fpy; mtw;wpy; mjpfupg;G Vw;g;gl
gUtkioia vjpu;ghuhJ ePiu Nrkpf;f Ntz;ba fl;lhaj;jpw;Fs;shdhd;.
,jw;f;fhf mikf;fg;gl;l rpy ePupg;ghrd njhFjpfs; gpd;tUkhW
• Fsk;
• thtp
• ePupepiy
• Xil
• Ruq;fg;ghij
jpl;lkplg;gl;l ePug; ;ghrdj; njhFjpfs; vd;why; vd;d?
gUtkioia vjpu;ghuhJ tptrha eltbf;iff;Fj; Njitahd ePiu ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F kdpjdhy;
cUthf;fg;gl;l Fsk;> thtp> ePue ; piyfs;>Xil> Ruq;fg;ghij Mfpad jpl;lkplg;gl;l ePug
; ;ghrdj;
njhFjpfs; vd miof;fg;gLk;.
tpdhf;fs;
1. mq;fpfspd; tho;f;if Nfhyj;jpy; nry;thf;F nrYj;Jk; fhuzpfs; ahit?
2. ifj;njhopy; kakhf;fk; vd;why; vd;d?
3. ifj;njhopy; kakhf;fk; Vw;g;gLtjw;fhd fhuzk; ahJ?
4. efukaghf;fy; Njhd;Wtjw;fhd fhuzpfs; 5 jUf.
5. tzpfkakhd tptrhak; vd;why; vd;d?
6. tzpfkakhd tptrhaj;ij Nkw;nfhs;s jw;fhyj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w El;gq;fs; ahit?
7. kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l jpl;lkhd ePu;ghrdj;njhFjpfs; 5 jUf.

njhFg;G :- J. Vinothini Cp/Nu/Yathanside T.V
fw;wy; NghW :-
 njhw;whj Neha; vd;why; vd;gjidf; $Wthu;.
 khwptUk; tho;f;if Kiwikf;Fk;> khriljYf;Fk;> njhw;whj Neha;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd
,ilj;njhlu;Gfis tpsf;Fthu;.
 mwpag;glhj ePbj;j rpWePuf Neha; gutpAs;s ,yq;ifapd; gFjpfisAk; mjidVw;gLj;Jk;
fhuzq;fisAk; fz;lwpthu;
tho;f;iff; Nfhyj;jpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; Neha;fs;

 njhw;whj Neha;fSk; clw;Fiwg;ghLfSk; mjpfupj;jy;
 njhw;whj Neha;fs; vdg;gLtJ
 xU kdpjdplkpUe;J gpwpnjhU kdpjDf;Ff; flj;jg;glhj Neha;fs;
 njhw;whj Neha;fs; Vw;gLtjw;fhd gpujhd fhuzq;fs;
 Gifj;jy;
 kJghtid
 jtwhd czTg;gof;ftof;fk;
 clw;gapw;rp FiwT
 njhw;whj Neha;fs;
 ePbj;j rpWePuf Neha;
 ePupopT
 Gw;WNeha;
 ,ja Neha;fs;
 Rthrg;ig Neha;fs;
 %r;rpOg;G
 ,iug;igaow;rp
 fz;zpy; ntz;glyk; Njhd;Wjy;
 rpWePuf Neha;
FWfpa fhyj;jpy; rpWePufk; nraypof;Fk; epiy rpWePuf Neha; vdg;gLk;.
 rpWePufk; nraypoj;jy;
rpWePufj;jpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; rpWePu; cw;gj;jp Nghd;w rhjhuz nraw;ghLfs; gbg;gbahf
Fiwtiljy;.
rpWePufk; nraypog;G Vw;gLtjw;F fhuzkhf mikAk; tplaq;fs;

 ePupopT Neha;
 cau; FUjp mKf;fk;
 njhlu;rr ; pahd rpWePu;j;njhw;W
 rpWePu;g;igapy; fw;fs; cUthjy;
 Ez;zq;fpj; njhw;W
 er;Rg;nghUs; clYld; Nru;jy;
 xt;thik
rpWePufk; nraypoj;jy; ,U Kiwfspy; eilngWk;
1. FWq;fhy rpWePufr; nraypog;G
2. ePz;lfhy rpWePufr; nraypog;G
FWq;fhy rpWePufr; nraypog;G

rpy kzpj;jpahyq;fs; Kjy; rpy ehl;fs; tiu rpWePufk; jw;fhypfkhfr; nraypof;Fk; epiy.
ePz;lfhy rpWePufr; nraypog;G

rpWePufj;jpd; kPJ nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; NtW Neha; epiyikfs; ePz;l fhyk; epyTk; NghJ
kPz;Lk; gioa epiyia mila KbahjthW gbg;gbahf rpWePuf nraypoj;jy;.
FWq;fhy rpWePufr; nraypog;gpd; Neha; mwpFwpfs;

 ,utpy; rpWePu; ntspNaw;wg;gLk; jiltfspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfupj;jy;.
 rpWePu; ntspNaw;wg;gLk; msT Fiwtiljy;.
 cly;, Ks;se;jz;L vd;gpy; typ Vw;gLjy;.
 ghjk;, fZf;fhy; tPq;Fjy;.
 ntspwy;.
 ntspNaWk; rpWePupy; Gujk; fhzg;gly;.
 cs;sq;ifapYk; ghjj;jpYk; Gs;spfs; Njhd;Wjy;.
ePz;lfhy rpWePuf nraypog;G Neha; Vw;gl fhuzq;fs;
 raNdh gw;wPupahf;fy; %yk; tpLtpf;fg;gLk; er;Rg;gjhu;j;jq;fs; cliy nrd;wiljy;.
 tptrha ,urhadg; gjhu;j;jq;fs; cliyr; nrd;wiljy;.
 ghu cNyhfq;fs; cliy nrd;wiljy;.(Cd, Pb, As, Pd)
 GNshiul;L kpifahff; nfhz;l ePiug;gUFjy;.
 mjpf ePupog;G
 mjpf kUe;J ghtid.
 kJg;ghtid.
ePz;lfhy rpWePuf nraypog;G NehapypUe;J jw;fhj;Jf;nfhs;sUk; topKiwfs;
 tptrha ,urhadg;nghUl;fspd; ghtidia jtpuj ; ;jy;.
 tptrha ,urhadg;nghUl;fis gad;gLj;jp cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; czTg;nghUl;fis
cl;nfhs;tij jtpu;j;jy;.
 ePupopT, cau;FUjp mKf;fk; Vw;glhjthW thoy;.
 mbf;fb Vw;gLk; rpWePu;j; njhw;iwj; jtpu;j;jy;.
 Njhypy; Vw;gLk; fhak;, F\;lk;, jbg;GfSf;F tpiuthf kUj;Jt rpfpr;ir ngwy;.
 typ epthuzpfis mjpfkhf gad;gLj;Jtij jtpu;j;jy;.
 kJghtid, Gifj;jy; gof;fq;fis jtpu;j;jy;.
 ePupopT
rpWePUld; FSf;NfhR ntspNawy; ePupopT vdg;gLk;.
FUjpapy; Nkyjpfkhf fhzg;gLk; FSf;Nfhi] epak mstpw;Ff;nfhz;Ltuy;

 rijapapYs;s ,yq;ffhd; rpWjPTfspYs;s gPw;wh() fyq;fspdhy; ,d;Rypd; XNkhd;
Ruf;fg;gly;.
 ,d;Rypd; XNkhd; FUjpapy; Nkyjpfkhf fhzg;gLk; FSf;Nfhi] fpisf;Nfh[dhf
khw;wp <uypy; Nrkpj;jy;.
ePupopT Neha; Vw;gLtjw;F VJthd fhuzq;fs;
 gpwf;Fk; NghNj gPw;wh fyq;fs; ,y;yhjpUj;jy;.
 NfhJik czT, jtpL ePf;fpa muprp, tpiutpy; rkpghlilAk; khg;nghUs; czT
cl;nfhs;sy;.
 clw;gapw;rp Nghjhik my;yJ nra;ahik.
 Gw;WNeha;
clypioaq;fspy; fl;Lg;ghbd;wpathW fyq;fs; gpupifailtjdhy; Vw;gLk; mrhjhuz tsu;r;rp

Gw;WNeha; vdg;gLk;.
Gw;WNeha; Vw;gLk; re;ju;g;gq;fis mjpfupf;Fk; fhuzq;fs;
 ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jf;$ba fjpu;tPr;R
 ,urhadg; gjhu;j;jq;fs;
 ghu cNyhfq;fs;

 ,ja Neha;fs;
 khuilg;G
 FUjpaKf;fk;
 KbAU Jnuhk;Nghrp];
,ja Neha; Vw;gLk; re;ju;g;gq;fis mjpfupf;Fk; fhuzq;fs;
 NghjpasT clw;gapw;rpapd;ik
 Xa;tpd;ik
 kd mOj;jk;
,ja Neha; Vw;gLtjw;F VJthd fhuzq;fs;.
 ,jaj;jpw;Ff; FUjpia toq;Fk; FUjpf; Foha;fspd; tpl;lk; Fiwtiljy; my;yJ
KOikahf %lg;gLjy;.
 ,jaj;jir, thy;Tfs; my;yJ ,jaj;Jbg;G re;jj;Jf;F Vw;g cupaKiwapy;
nraw;glhik.
 Rthrg;ig Neha;fs;

 njhopw;rhiy, thfdq;fspy; ,Ue;J #oYf;F tpLtpf;fg;gLk; thAf;fs;.
cjhuzk; - SO2, NO2, NO,
 thAg;gwpkhw;wj;Jf;Fupa Rthrg;igapd; gFjpfs; ghjpg;GWjy;.
cjhuzk; - thjdhsp, Rthrg;igf;Foha;, Rthrg;ig rpWFoha;, Rthrr;rpw;wiwfs;,
Rthr euk;Gfs;, Rthrj;jirfs;
 %r;rpOg;G
Rthrj;njhFjpAld; njhlu;ghd fl;likg;Gfspy; Vw;gLk; mrhjhuz epiyik fhuzkhf mjpf
rsp (rPjk;) cz;lhtjhy; thAg;gwpkhw;wj;jpw;F jil Vw;gLjy; %r;rpOg;G vdg;gLk;.

 Rthrj;njhFjpf;Fg; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk; J}Rf;fs;, thAf;fs; Rthrj;njhFjpapDs;
nry;Yjy;.
 ,iug;ig mow;rp
,iug;igapy; mkpyj;jd;ik mjpfupg;gjd; fhuzkhf ,iug;igapd; rPjg;gil mupg;Gf;F cl;gl;L

tPq;Fjy; ,iugligaow;rpahFk;.
,iug;igaow;rp Vw;gLtjw;F VJthd fhuzq;fs;.
 rupahd Neuj;jpy; czT cl;nfhs;shik.
 mjpf mkpyj;jd;ikahd czT cl;nfhs;sy;.
 kd mOj;jk;.
 vz;nza;j; jd;ikahd czTfis mbf;fb cl;nfhs;sy;.
 fz;zpy; ntz;glyk; Njhd;Wjy;
fz;tpy;iyapd; Gujk; khw;wkiltjd; fhuzkhf fz;tpy;iyapd; xspGFk; jd;ik mw;Wg;Nghjy;

fz;zpy; ntz;glyk; Njhd;Wjy;, fz;zpy; nts;is glu;jy; vdg;gLk;.
fz;zpy; ntz;glyk; Njhd;Wjypd; ghjpg;Gfs;
 fz;Zf;Fs; xsp CLUtpr; nry;yhjjhy; fz;ghu;it Fiwtiljy;.

tpdhf;fs;
1. njhw;whj Neha; vd;why; vd;d?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. tUlnkhd;wpy; njhw;whj Nehapdhy; ,wg;Nghu; vz;zpf;if
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. njhw;whj Neha;fs; 5,id jUf
…………………………………………….
…………………………………………….
…………………………………………….
……………………………………………
…………………………………………….
4. njhw;whj Neha;fs; Vw;gLtjw;fhd fhuzq;fs; vit?

…………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….
5. tptrha ,urhadg;nghUl;fis tprpWgtu;fSf;F Vw;gLk; Kf;fpa Neha; vJ?
………………………………………………………………………………
6. tsu;e;Njhu; ehnshd;Wf;F vt;tsT ePu; mUe;j Ntz;Lk;?
…………………………………………………………………………………
7. ,d;Rypd; XNkhdpd; njhopw;ghl;il tpsf;Ff?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Gw;WNeha; Vw;gLk; re;ju;g;gq;fis mjpfu;f;Fk; fhuzpfs; vit?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. ,ja Neha;fspw;fhd 3 cjhuzq;fis jUf?

…………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………….
10. RthrNehia Vw;gLj;Jk; thAf;fs; vit?
………………………………………………………………………………

njhFg;G :- V. Nithyakalyani Cp/Nu/ Kotagala T.M.V
fw;wy; NghW :-
 #oy; Kfhikj;Jtk;> Ngz;jF mgptpUj;jp vd;gtw;wpd; fUj;Jf;fisf; $Wthu;.
 Xw;iw gapu;r;nra;if Kiwikf;F khw;wl P hf gy; gapu;r;nra;if> gPilfspd; capupay; fl;LghL
kw;Wk; Nrjd grisfspd; gad;ghL vd;gd ePbj;J Ngz;jF tptrhaj; jpl;lq;fshFk; vd
fz;lwpthu;
 kPs;f; fhL tsu;j;jy; KiwikahdJ #oy; rkepiyapidg; NgZtjw;fhd xU kPz;nlOk;
nrad;KiwahFk; vd tpsf;Fthu;.
 tptrhak;> kUj;Jtk;> czT kw;Wk; ePu;ghrdk; Mfpa Jiwfspy; RNjr mwpT kw;Wk;
njhopEl;gk; vd;gtw;iwj; Njbawpthu;
Ngz;jF mgptpUj;jpAk; #oy; Kfhikj;JtKk;

• Ngz;jF mgptpUj;jp vd;gJ #oypd; rkdpiyiag; Ngzp vjph;fhyr; re;jjpapdUf;F
gad;gLj;jf;$ba tifapy; #oy; tsq;fis mwpTg;G+h;tkhf gad;gLj;Jjy; Ngz;jF mgptpUj;jp
vdg;gLk;.
• #oy; Kfhikj;Jtk; vd;gJ kdpjdhy; jd; Efh;Tf;fhf ,aw;if tsq;fis gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ
#oYf;F ghjpg;G Vw;glhjthW rpwg;ghd kl;lj;jpy; NgZtjw;fhd jpl;lkply; #oy; Kfhikj;Jtk;
vdg;gLk;.
Ngz;jF mgptpUj;jpf;fhfTk; #oy; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;fhfTk; vk;khy; Nkw;nfhs;sf;$ba eilKiwfs;
1. Ngz;jF tptrhag; gad;ghL
2. kPs;tdkhf;fy;
3. ghuk;ghpa mwpitAk; njhopEl;gj;ijAk; gad;gLj;jy; - tptrhak;> ePhg
; ;ghrdk;> kUj;Jtk;
4. Rtl;L vhpnghUs; ghtidia Fiwj;jy;
5. fopT Kfhikj;Jtj;ij NgZjy;.
6. rf;jp Kfhikj;Jtk;
1. Ngz;jF tptrhag; gad;ghL

gy;gaph;r; nra;if / fyg;G gaph;r;nra;if tptrha epyj;jpy; xU gaphpdj;ij kl;Lk; gaphpLjy;
jdpg;gaph;r;nra;if vdg;gLk;.
jPikfs;
• gPilfsJ msT mjpfhpf;Fk;
• Fwpj;j tif fdpg;nghUshdJ tptrha epyj;jpypUe;J njhlh;r;rpahf mfw;wg;gLk;.
• ngUksT gPilnfhy;ypfs;> fisnfhy;ypfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
gy;gaph;r;nra;if
xNu epyg;gug;gpDs; gpujhd gapUld; NkYk; xd;W my;yJ rpy gaph;fis nra;if gz;zy;
gy;gaph;r;nra;if (fyg;G gaph;r;nra;if) vdg;gLk;.
ed;ikfs;
• kz;zpYs;s Nghriz nghUl;fspd; rkdpiy Ngzg;gLk;.
• G+r;rp gPilfsJ ghjpg;G Fiwf;fg;gLk;.
• fisnfhy;yp / gPilehrpdp ghtid Fiwf;fg;gLk;.
Fwpg;G : ,t;thNw Row;rp Kiw gaph;r;nra;ifAk; Ngz;jF tptrhaj;jpw;F cjTk;.
2. caphpay; gPilf; fl;Lg;ghL

• gPilfis mopg;gjw;fhf gapUf;F Nrjk; tpistpf;fhj NtW jhtuq;fisNah my;yJ
tpyq;FfisNah my;yJ Ez;zq;fpfisNah gad;gLj;Jjy; caphpay; gPil fl;Lg;ghL vdg;gLk;.
• ,jdhy; nraw;ifahf njhFf;fg;gl;l er;Rj; jd;ikahd gPil nfhy;ypfshy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gf;fs;
jtph;f;fg;gLk;.
3. Nrjd grisg; gad;ghL
,we;j jhtu> tpyq;F clw;gFjpfspy; cs;s rpf;fyhd Nrjdr; Nrh;itfis vspa Nrjd Nrh;itfshf
khw;wpg; ngwg;gLk; Nrjdg; grisiag; gad;gLj;Jjy;.

mE$yq;fs;
• kz; mq;fpfsJ njhopw;ghL mjpfhpf;Fk;
• kz; fl;likg;G> kz; ,ioaikg;G> cWjp vd;gd mjpfhpf;Fk;
• mNrjd grisahy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gf;fs; jtph;f;fg;gLk;.
4. kPs;tdkhf;fy;
gy;NtW NjitfSf;fhf fhLfs; mopf;fg;gl;likahy; gpd;tUk; jPikfs; Vw;gl;ld.
• #oy; ntg;gepiy mjpfhpg;G
• caph;g;gy;tifik ,og;G
vdNt kPs;tdkhf;fypd; %yk; Ngz;jF mgptpUj;jpia Vw;gLj;jyhk;.
5. ghuk;ghpa mwpitAk; njhopEl;gj;ijAk; Fsj;jpd; mikg;G

gad;gLj;Jjy;.
tptrhak;
• ghuk;ghpa gaph;r;nra;if
• cs;Sh; eLifg; nghUl;fis gad;gLj;jy;
ePh;ghrdk;
• Fsq;fis Gzuikj;J gad;gLj;Jjy;
czT
jw;nghOJ gpd;gw;wg;gLk; czTg; gof;ftof;fq;fshy;
- njhw;whj Neha;fs; cz;lhjy;.
- clw;gUkd; Vw;gly;
- xt;thik
Nghd;w vz;zw;w gpur;rpidfSf;F jPH;thf ghuk;ghpa
czTKiw mikAk;.
,jd; NghJ ,aw;if RitA+l;bfs; gad;gLj;Jtjhy;

gpd;tUk; ed;ikfs; fpilf;Fk;.
• cztpd; Rit> epwk;> kzk; vd;gd $Lk;.
• Neha; vjph;g;Gr; rf;jp mjpfhpf;Fk;.
• rpy Neha;fSf;F kUe;jhf mikAk;.
• cly; eyj;jpw;F Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gf;fs; FiwAk;.
• mjpfsT njhopw;ghLila cztpd; gFjp.
• gw;whP pah nfhy;ypfshf njhopw;gLk;.
Eg
kpsF : czT rkpghl;bw;F cjTk;
fWth : rspj;njhy;iyia ePf;Fk;
fuhk;G : typ epthuzp

njhFg;G :- T. Thiyagu Cp/Nu/Talawakelle T.M.V
fw;wy; NghW :-
 RNjt kUj;Jt KiwahdJ mtw;wpd; tpQ;Qhdj; jd;ik ,d;dKk; fz;lwpag;glhj kw;nwhU
ngWkjpkpf;f Jiw vd tpsq;fpf; nfhs;thu;.
 czT iky;fs; vDk; gjj;jpid tpsf;Fthu;.
 ghjr;RtL vd;why; vd;d vd;gjid fhgd; kw;Wk; ePu; vd;gtw;pWld; njhlu;GgLj;jp tpsf;Fthu;.
RNjrpa itj;jpa tpQ;Qhdk;

 RNjrpa itj;jpa Kiw vd;gJ ahJ?
gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd Mz;Lfs; tuyhWs;s> jw;fhyj;jpYk; eilKiwapYs;s RNjrpa

itj;jpa tpQ;Qhdk; MAh;Ntj> rpj;j> Adhdp> rpq;fs itj;jpa Kiw Nghd;w
vy;yhj;JiwfSk; xd;W Nrh;e;J RNjrpa itj;jpaKiw vdg;gLk;.
 MAh;Ntjk; ,uz;L rk;gpujhaq;fisf; nfhz;lJ mit vit?
1. clw;rpfpr;ir Kiw
2. rj;jpurpfpr;ir Kiw
 MAh;Ntjj;jpy; rpfpr;ir Kiwfs; %d;W tifg;gLk;. mit vit?
1. kUe;J
2. czT
3. clw;gapw;rp
 fhgd; RtLfSk; czT iky;fis ,optsthf;fYk;
 fhgd; mbr;RtL vd;why; vd;d?
egnuhUthpdhy; my;yJ cw;gj;jpnahd;wpdhy; my;yJ epWtdnkhd;wpdhy; Fwpj;jf;

fhyg;gFjpapy; Fwpj;j nraw;ghl;bd; NghJ ntsptplg;gLk; xl;L nkhj;j fhgdPnuhl;irl;bd;
msT fhgd; mbr;RtL vdg;gLk;.
 KOikahf fhgd; mbr;RtL fzpg;gpl Kbahikf;fhd gpujhd fhuzk; ahJ?
,aw;ifahfNt fhgdPnuhl;irl;L thA cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLtjdhyhFk;.
 ePh; mbr;RtL vd;why; vd;d?
ahNjDk; egnuhUth; my;yJ FOtpd; %yk; nghUs; kw;Wk; Nrit cw;gj;jpapd; NghJ
my;yJ toq;fypd; NghJ Efug;gLk; ed;ePhpd; msT ePu; mbr;RtL vdg;gLk;.
 fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s rpy czTg;nghUl;fspd; ePh;r;RtLfisj; jUf?
nrhf;yl; 1kg ----------------------

khl;biwr;rp 1kg ----------------------
Kl;il 1kg ----------------------
rPdp 1kg ----------------------
Nfhg;gp 1kg ----------------------

czT iky; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk; ,lk;
ghz; 9340 iky; NfhJik kh mnkupf;fhtpypUe;J ngw;Wf;

nfhs;sg;gLtjdhy;
kPd; fwp 44 iky; kPd; ePu;nfhOk;G gpuNjrj;jpy; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;sg;gLtjhy;
0 iky; Njq;fhia cq;fs; tPl;Lj;Njhl;lj;jpypUe;J ngw;Wf;
nfhz;ljhy;
Njq;fha; rk;gy; 800 iky; kpsfha; ,e;jpahtpd; nrd;idapypUe;J ngw;Wf;
nfhz;ljhy;
nfhz;ljhy;
nkhj;jk; 10184 iky;
 cztpd; iky; ngWkhdk;.

 cztpd; iky; ngWkhdk; vd;gJ ahJ?
ahNjDk; ,lj;jpypUe;J Efug;gLk; ,lk; tiu nfhz;L nry;yg;gLk; J}uk; mt;Tztpd;

iky; ngWkhdk; vd miof;fg;gLk;.
 cztpd; iky; ngWkhdj;jpd; myF ahJ?
fpNyhfpuhkpw;F iky;fs;. ( mile / kg)
 cztpd; iky; ngWkhdk; jq;fpAs;s fhuzpfs; ahit?
cs;nsLf;fg;gLk; cztpd; msT

czT cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; ,lk;.
 czT iky;ngWkhdk; FiwtilAk; NghJ fpilf;Fk; mD$yq;fs; ahit?
mt;TzT epiyahdjhf mikAk;.

#oy; Neakhdjhf mikAk;.
 czT iky; ngWkhdj;ij gpd;tUk; Kiwapy; fzpf;f KbAk;
(1)
jtpl;L muprp 01 iky; muprp cq;fs; taypypUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhz;ljhy;
fpoq;Ff; fwp 100 iky; fpoq;F ntypkil gpuNjrj;jpy; ngw;Wf; nfhz;ljhy;
Njq;fha; 0 iky; Njq;fhia cq;fs; tPl;Lj;Njhl;lj;jpypUe;J

ngw;Wf; nfhz;ljhy;
Kl;il 10 iky; Kl;ilia cq;fs; gpuNjrj;jpYs;s gz;izapypUe;J

ngw;Wf; nfhz;ljhy;
nkhj;jk; 111 iky;

(2)

muprpkh ,bahg;gk; 85 iky; nghyd;dWitapypUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l muprp
gUg;Gf;fwp 925 iky; ,e;jpahtpd; ik#H gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; ngw;Wf; nfhz;ljhy;
tpdhf;fs;


nfhz;ljhy;
Njq;fha; rk;gy; 185 iky; kpsfha; aho;g;ghzj;jpypUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhz;ljhy;
0 iky;Njq;fhia cq;fs; tPl;Lj;Njhl;lj;jpypUe;J

ngw;Wf; nfhz;ljhy;
1) czT ikypd; msitf; FWfpajhf;fpf; nfhs;tjd; Nehf;fk;
1. Njrpa czit kf;fs; mjpfstpy; Efur; nra;jy;
2. jukhd czit cl;nfhs;tjw;fhd tha;g;ig Vw;gLj;Jjy;
3. gpuNjr thupahf cw;gj;jp nra;Jnfhs;sf;$ba czTfSf;F mjpf Nfs;tpiag;
ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy;
4. czTfisf; nfhz;L nry;Yk;NghJ gad;gLj;jg;gLk; vupnghUspd; msit ,optsthf;Fjy;
(2019/40)
2) gpd;tUk; nray;fisf; fUJf.
A – czT iky;fisf; Fiwj;jy;

B – rf;jpia Kfhik nra;jy;
C – ghuk;gupa mwpitAk; njhopDl;gj;ijAk; gad;gLj;Jjy;
Nkw;Fwpj;jtw;Ws; ,yq;ifapy; Ngz;jF mgptpUj;jpf;F Kf;fpakhf mikAk; nray;fs;
1. A,B Mfpad khj;jpuk; 2. B,C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
3. A,C Mfpad khj;jpuk; 4. A,B,C Mfpad vy;yhk; (2017/40)
3) FUehfy; efuj;jpy; tjpAk; mdpy;, [fj;, R[pj;, ehky; MfpNahu; xU Fwpj;j jpdj;jpy;
cl;nfhz;l fhiy czT gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ngau; mdpy; [fj; R[pj; ehky;

czT NrhW ,bag;gk; ghz; (NfhJik nuhl;b (NfhJik
(muprpkhtpdhy; khtpdhy; khtpdhy;
jahupf;fg;gl;lJ) jahupf;fg;gl;lJ) jahupf;fg;gl;lJ)
gUg;Gf; gUg;Gf; gUg;Gf; fwp cUisf;fpoq;Ff; fwp
fwp fwp
Njq;fha;g;G+r; kPd; fwp Njq;fha;g;G+r; Njq;fha;g;G+r;
rk;gy; rk;gy; rk;gy;
Nkw;Fwpj;j czTfSf;fhf muprpAk; Njq;fhAk; FUehfy; gpuNjrj;jpypUe;Jk; cUisf;fpoq;F Etnuypah
gpuNjrj;jpypUe;Jk; muprpkh nghyd;dWitg; gpuNjrj;jpypUe;Jk; kPd; ePu;nfhOk;Gg; gpuNjrj;jpypUe;Jk; gUg;G
,e;jpahtpypUe;Jk; NfhJikkh mnkupf;fhtpypUe;Jk; ngwg;gl;Ls;sd.
,tw;Ws; Fiwe;j czT iky; nfhz;l czit vLg;gtu; ahu;?
1. mdpy; 2. [fj; 3. R[pj; 4. ehky;(2016/40)
4) Fwpj;j fhy vy;iyf;Fs; egu; xUtupdhy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; midj;J nraw;ghLfspdhYk;
#oypw;F tpLtpf;Fk; CO2 ,d; jpzpT fhgd; mbr;Rtb vdg;gLk;.
rpy ehLfspd; fhgd; mbr;Rtl;il fhl;Lk; ml;ltiznahd;W fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

ehL fhgd; mbr;Rtb
(Mz;Lf;Fj; njhd;)
mnkupf;fh 19.60
mT];Nuypah 18.40
,e;jpah 1.10
,yq;if 0.01

(i) mnkupf;fh>mT];Nuypah Nghd;w ehLfspy; fhgd; mbr;RtL cau; ngWkhdk;

nfhz;bUg;gjw;fhd fhuzk; ahJ.
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(ii) Nghf;Ftuj;J Jiwia fUJk; NghJ fhgd; mbr;Rtl;bd; ngWkhdj;ij Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;
Kiw xd;wpid Fwpg;gpLf.
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(iii) fhgd; mbr;RtL cyfshtpa ntg;gepiyapy; vj;jifa khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;.
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njhFg;G :- B. Thiyalini Cp/Nu/ Glaneagals T.V
fw;wy; NghW :-
 fopT kw;Wk; Fg;ig vDk; gjq;fis tpsf;Fthu;.
 jpz;kk;> ePu>; thAf;fs; kw;Wk; J}rpj;Jzpf;iffs; vd;gd rhu;ghf fopT Kfikj;Jt
El;gq;fis tpgupj;J eilKiwg;gLj;Jthu;.
kdpjdpdhy; #oypw;F tpLtpf;fg;gLk; fopTg; nghUl;fspdhy; #oypw;F ngUk; ghjpg;G Vw;gLfpwJ.

mt;thwhd fopTg; nghUl;fis ,dk;fz;L mtw;iw ,ad;wsT Fiwe;jstpy; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
1. Fg;ig vDk; gjj;ij tpsf;Ff.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ckJ ghlrhiy #oypy; fhzg;gLk; fopTfis Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;tjw;fhf ePu;
Nkw;nfhs;sf; $ba 3 topKiwfisf; Fwpg;gpLf
1. ……………………………………………………………………………………
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………
3. …………………………………………………………………………………...
3. fopT vDk; gjj;ij tpsf;Ff.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. #oy; khriljypy; gq;fspg;G nra;Ak; gpujhd fopTg; nghUl;fs; 05 ,idf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1………………………………………………………….
2………………………………………………………….
3…………………………………………………………..
4…………………………………………………………..
5…………………………………………………………..
5. IjNuh fhgd; Nru;itfs; #oYf;F tpLtpf;fg;gLk; Kiwfs; 03. jUf.
1…………………………………………………………………………….
2…………………………………………………………………………….
3…………………………………………………………………………….
6. jpz;kj; Jzpf;iff; fopTfs; > jputj; Jzpf;iff; fopTfs; vd;gtw;wpw;F ,t;tpU
cjhuzq;fs; jUf.
jpz;kj; Jzpf;iff; fopTfs; 2. jputj; Jzpf;iff; fopTfs;
………………………………… ………………………………
………………………………... ……………………………….
7. thAj; Jzpf;iff; fopTfs; 03 If; Fwpg;gpLf.
………………………………………………….
………………………………………………….
………………………………………………….
8. njhopw;rhiy fopTfs; vd;why; vd;d? ,U cjhuzq;fs; jUf.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. gr;ir tPl;L tpisT vd;gjhy; fUjg;gLtJ ahJ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. gr;ir tPl;L thAf;fs; 4 ,idf; Fwpg;gpl;L mit xt;nthd;Wk; #oypw;F tpLtpf;fg;gLk;
Kiwfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. ghu cNyhfq;fs; vd;why; vd;d?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. kz;zpy; ,aw;ifapy; nrwpe;J fhzg;gLk; ghu cNyhfq;fs; 03 I f; Fwpg;gpLf.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. gpd;tUk; ghu cNyhfq;fs; #oypw;F tpLtpf;fg;gLk; Kiwfs; 2 tPjk; Fwpg;gpLf.
1. FNuhkpak;
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. ,urk;
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. fl;kpak;
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. ,urk;
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
14. fd;dhu; Jzpf;iff; fopT kdpjupy; Vw;gLj;Jk; Neha; epiyik ahJ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
15. Rthr Neha;fis Vw;gLj;jf; $ba mkpy kiof;Ff; fhuzkhd thAf;fs;?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
16. fe;jftPnuhl;irl;L thA #oypw;F tpLtpf;fg;gLk; Kiwfs; 04 jUf.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
……..………………………………………………………………………………………
17. iejurdPnuhl;irl;L thA #oypw;F tpLtpf;fg;gLk; Kiwfs; 2 jUf.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. ,aw;if kioePupd; pH ngWkhdk; ahJ?
………………………………………………………………………………………
19. vt; thAf;fspd; nrwpT fhuzkhf kioePupd; pH ngWkhdk; mjpfupf;fpwJ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
20. mkpy kio %yk; cz;lhFk; ghjpg;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1.…………………………………………………………………………………………….
2.……..………………………………………………………………………………………
3…………………………………………………………………………………………….
4…………………………………………………………………………………………….
5…………………………………………………………………………………………….
21. tPl;Lf; fopTg; nghUl;fspw;F 4 cjhuzq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1………………………………………… 2………………………………….
3………………………………………… 4………………………………….
22. ,yj;jpudpay; fopTfs; #oypw;F tpLtpf;fg;gLk; Kiwfs; 04 I Fwpg;gpLf.
1………………………………………………………………………………..
2………………………………………………………………………………..
3………………………………………………………………………………..
4………………………………………………………………………………..
23. mZf;fopTfs; vd;why; vd;d?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
24. mZf;fspTfspypUe;J ghJghg;igg; ngWtjw;fhf ahJ nra;ayhk;?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25. mZf;fU %yfq;fs; vit?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
26. tPl;by; gad;gLj;Jk; ,urhad ghjhu;j;jq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
27. czTld; Nru;f;fg;gLk; ,urhad gjhu;j;jq;fs; 04 ,idf; Fwpg;gpLf. Mtw;wpdhy; Vw;gLk;
ghjpg;G xt;nthd;W tPjk; jUf.
1……………………………………………………………………………………………..
2……………………………………………………………………………………………..
3…………………………………………………………………………………………….
4…………………………………………………………………………………………….
28. nraw;ifj; Jg;Guthf;fpfis mjpfstpy; gad;gLj;Jtjdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gf;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
29. mOfnyjpupfshf gad;gLj;Jk; gjhu;j;jq;fs; 03 ,idf; Fwpg;gpLf.

1. ……………………………………………….
2. ……………………………………………….
3. ……………………………………………….
30. tPl;by; md;whlk; gad;gLj;Jk; njhw;W ePf;fpfshy; Vw;gLk; 2 ghjpg;Gf;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1. …………………………………………………………………………………
2. …………………………………………………………………………………
31. nraw;if Kiwapy; njhFf;fg;gl;l Jg;Guthf;fpfspy; fhzg;gLk; ,urhad gjhu;j;jk; ahJ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
32. moF rhjdg; nghUl;fis gad;gLj;Jtjdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gf;fs; 05 ,idf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. ……………………………………………………………………………………......
4. ………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. …………………………………………………………………………………………
33. Rtl;L vupnghUl;fspd; jfdj;jpdhy; #oypw;F Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gf;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
34. epiyNgwhd Nrjd khrhf;fpfspd; ,ay;Gfs; 04 ,idf; Fwpg;gpLf.

1. ………………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………………
3. ……………………………………………………………………………….
4. ………………………………………………………………………………
35. lrpd; fopTfs; vd;why; vd;d?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
njhFg;G :- A. Sen Peetro Cp/Nu/ Holbrook T.M.V
fw;wy; NghW :-
 fpilf;ff; $ba rf;jp Kjy;fs; khw;Wk; njhopEl;gj;Jld; rf;jp neUf;fb njhlu;G nfhz;lJ vd
tpsf;Fthu;.
 Ntiyfis md;whl tho;tpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w rf;jpKjy;fSld; njhlu;GgLj;jp rf;jp
Kfhikj;Jtj;jpid tpsf;Fthu;.
 rf;jp Kfhikj;Jtj;jpid rf;jpj; jl;Lg;ghl;bw;fhd xU jPu;thf Kd;itg;ghu;.
 Fiwe;j fopT ntspNaw;wj;Jld; epiwe;j rf;jpg; gad;ghl;bidj; Njbawpthu;.

1. rf;jp Kfhikj;Jtk;” vDk; gjj;ij tiutpsf;fdg;gLj;Jf.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
2. rf;jp neUf;fb vd;why; vd;d?
3. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
4. nghUshjhu uPjpapy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j rf;jpfs; 5 jUf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
5. rf;jp neUf;fbf;fhd fhuzq;fs; 5 jUf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
6. “jdpegu; ehshe;j rf;jp Efu;T Rl;nlz;” vd;gjhy; ePu; tpsq;FtJ ahJ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
7. rf;jp Efu;it Nkw;ghu;itr;nra;Ak; epWtdq;fs; 3 jUf>
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
8. mjpfupj;j rf;jp gad;ghl;by; me; epUtdq;fspd; tfpgq;F ahJ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
9. rf;jp Kfhikj;Jtk; vd;why; vd;d?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
10. md;whl tho;tpy; rf;jp Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;ag;glf;$ba re;jug;gq;fs; 3 jUf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
11. Ngz;jF epiy rf;jp gad;ghL vd;why; vd;d?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
12. kPs; GJg;gpf;ff;$ba rf;jp Kjy;fspw;F 5 cjhuzk; jUf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
13. #oy; ghLfhg;Gld; njhlu;Gg;gl;l ru;tNjr rkthaq;fs; 2 jUf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
14. gpd;tUk; rkthaq;fSld; njhlu;Ggl;l #oy; ghJfhg;G fl;LghLfis Fwpg;gpLf.

1) nkhd;wpay; tiuNtL
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
2) fpahl;Nlh rkthak;
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
15. ,yq;ifapd; #oy; Kfhikj;Jtj;Jld; njhlu;Gila jpizf;fsq;fs; ahit?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
16. tPL> fl;blq;fis mikf;Fk; NghJ rf;jp Efu;it ,optsthf;Ftjw;fhf> mit mikf;fg;gl
Ntz;ba KiwfisAk;> mjd; %yk; ePq;fs; mila vjpghu;f;Fk; gad;fisAk; Fwpg;gpLf.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
17. #oy; Neakhd rf;jp ghtid vd;gjhy; ePq;fs; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;tJ ahJ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
18. #oypw;F mjpfk; jPq;F gaf;Fk; rf;jp ghtidfspw;F 5 cjhuzk; jUf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
19. #oy; Neakw;w rf;jp ghtidfis ,opthf;fpf;nfhs;tjw;F ckJ MNyhridfs; 5 jUf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
njhFg;G :- K. Puspakanth Cp/Nu/Our Lady’s Collge
fw;wy; NghW :-
 tPl;Lg; ghtidg; nghUl;fspd; tpidj; jpwdpidj; Njbawpthu;.
 kpfg; nghUj;jkhd rf;jp Kjy;fspidg; ghtpj;J Vw;Gila rf;jp Efu;tpid Nkw;nfhs;thu;.
 epiyikfSf;F Vw;gg; nghUj;jkhd rf;jp Efu;T Kiwfis gad;gLj;Jthu;.
 fl;llq;fisj; jpl;lkpLk; NghJ ,aw;ifr;rf;jpapd; epiwe;j ghtidapidj; Njbawpthu;.

1. #oy; rkepiy vd;gjhy; ahJ tpsq;FfpwPu;?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. gr;irtPl;L thAf;fs; vit?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. capu;f;Nfhsj;jpd; xOq;fikg;G kl;lq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. capu;f;Nfhsk; vd;gjhy; tpsq;FtJ ahJ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. #oypy; NrWk; ghuTNyfq;fs; 5 jUf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. kdpj Fbj;njhif tsu;r;rp Nfhyk; J tbtj;ijg; ngWtjw;fhd gpujhdf; fuzq;fs; 3 jUf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. ehd;F ,izg;Gf;fisf; nfhz;l cztr;rq;fpyp xd;iw jUf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. gpupifahf;fpfs; vd;why; tsq;FtJ ahJ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. #oy; $k;gfq;fs; gpujhd %d;W tiffisj; jUf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
10. cUit ngaupl;L 4 mtj;ijfisAk; Fwpg;gpLf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
11. capu;f;Nfhsj;jpy; rf;jp tpuak; vd;gjhy; tpsq;FtJ ahJ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. capu;g;Gtp ,urhadr; rf;fuq;fs; vit?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. #oy; kriljypy; gq;Nfw;Fk; gpujhdf; fopTfs; ehd;iff; Fwpg;gpLf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. ghu cNyhfq;fs; #oYf;F tpLtpf;fg;gLk; Kiwfs; 4 jUf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. gr;irtPl;L tpisT vd;why; vd;d?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. fe;jtPnuhl;irl;L thA #oypy; NrUk; Kiwfs; %d;W jUf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. mkpy kio %yk; Gtpapy; cz;lhf;fg;gLk; ghjpg;Gfs; 4 jUf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18. G+Nfhs ntg;gKwy; vd;gjid RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. XNrhd; gil rpijtiltjdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gfs; 3 jUf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. ew;Nghrizahf;fk; vd;gjhy; ahJ tpsq;FfpwPu;?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. #oy; khriltjdhy; Vw;gL; ghjpg;Gf;fs; 5 jUf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. cUtpy; fhl;lg;gl;Lss; tl;lj;ij Fwpg;gpl;L A,B,C I ngaupLf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
23. efukakhjy; vd;gjid tpsf;Ff.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………
24. ePz;l fhy rpWePuf NehapypUe;J jw;fhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd topKiwfs; %d;iwf; Fwpg;gpLf
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25. Ngz;jF tptrha gad;ghL vd;gjhy; tpsq;FtJ ahJ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
26. #oy; rkepiyia Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F kPs;tskhf;fiy RUf;fkhf njspTgLj;Jf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
27. fhgd; mbr;RtL vd;gij tpsf;Ff.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
28. ePu; mbr;RtL vd;why; vd;d?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
29. czT iky; ngWkhdk; vd;why; vd;d?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
30. fopT Kfhikj;Jtk; vd;gjhy; tpsq;FtJ ahJ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
31. rf;jp Kfhikj;Jtk; vd;why; vd;d?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Holiday Extra Class Heant Out Unit 15 - 2023 - 083026

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Zonal Education Office – Students hand out --> G.C.

tpLKiw fhy tpNrl nraw;wpl;lk;

topfhl;ly; > Nkw;ghu;it> ruitg;ghu;j;jy;> xOq;FgLj;jy;

Zonal Education Office – Nuwara Eliya. Science Unit 1|Page

jpfjp :- 29-06-2021 Neuk; :- K.g. 08.00 njhlf;fk; K.g 09.20 tiu

njhFg;G :- R. Rajadharshini Cp/Nu/ Wattagoda T.V

 #oypy; Vw;gLk; rpwpa khw;wk; $l mjd; epyTiff;F ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;.

 kdpj nraw;ghLfs; fhuzkhf #oy; rkepiy jw;NghJ ntFthf ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

 Fwpg;G - ,dk; vdg;gLtJ ngUk;ghyhd ,ay;Gfspy; xj;Jf; fhzg;gLtJk; jkf;fpilNa

Zonal Education Office – Nuwara Eliya. Science Unit 2|Page

 Fwpg;G – fhyepiy, #oy; Mfpatw;wpy; Vw;gLk; rpwpa khw;wq;fSld; Fwpj;j #oYf;F

Zonal Education Office – Nuwara Eliya. Science Unit 3|Page

gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;fhd tpilfis jug;gl;Ls;s ,ilntspfspy; vOJf.

Zonal Education Office – Nuwara Eliya. Science Unit 4|Page

jpfjp :- 01-07-2021 Neuk; :- K.g. 09.40 njhlf;fk; K.g 11.00 tiu

njhFg;;G :- A.Kaladevi Cp/Nu/ Agrapathana T.M.V

Fbj;njhif tsu;r;rpAk; tsu;r;rpf;NfhyKk;

gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f.

1.Fbj;njhif mlu;j;jp vd;why; vd;d?

5.Fbafy;T Vw;gLtjw;fhd fhuzq;fs; ,uz;L jUf?

khjpup Fbj;njhif tsu;r;rpf;Nfhyk;

mtj;ij1 mtj;ij2 mtj;ij3 mtj;ij4

Zonal Education Office – Nuwara Eliya. Science Unit 5|Page

khjpup Fbj;njhif tsu;r;rp tisap

mtj;ij 1 - nkJthd tsu;rr ; p mtj;ij.

mtj;ij 2 - Jupj tsu;r;rp mtj;ij

mtj;ij 3 - tsu;r;rp tPjk; FiwtilAk; mtj;ij

mtj;ij 4 - epiyahd mtj;ij

gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpil jUf.

Zonal Education Office – Nuwara Eliya. Science Unit 6|Page

09.NkNy tiuGf;fika ngha;ahd $w;iw njupT nra;f

kdpj Fbj;njhif tsu;rr

 kdpjd; ,d;Dk; Jupj tsu;rr

kdpj Fbj;njhif tsu;r;rp tisap

Zonal Education Office – Nuwara Eliya. Science Unit 7|Page

jpfjp :- 06-07-2021 Neuk; :- K.g. 08.00 njhlf;fk; K.g 09.20 tiu

njhFg;G :- A.E. Prasenya Cp/Nu/St Petricks College

mNef czT rq;fpypfspd; Nghriz kl;lq;fs; njhlu;Gwtjhy; czT tiy cUthfpwJ.

,q;F mq;fpfs; ntt;NtW mq;fpfspy; jq;fp tho;fpd;wd .

mq;fpfSf;F ,ilapy; fhzg;gLk;; vspikahd czTj;njhlu;Gfs;; czTr;rq;fpyp vdg;gLk;.

Zonal Education Office – Nuwara Eliya. Science Unit 8|Page

 gad;gLj;jg;gLk; rf;jp mbg;gilapy;

Zonal Education Office – Nuwara Eliya. Science Unit 9|Page

$k;gfj;jpd; mbg;gFjp cw;gj;jpahf;fpiaAk; mjd; NkYs;s kl;lq;fs; Nghriz kl;;lq;fSf;Fupa

capu;j; jpzpTf; $k;gfk;.

Xt;nthU Nghriz kl;lj;jpypYKs;s mq;fpfs; Nrjdg;

,jd; fhuzkhf cah;j;jpzpTf; $k;gfk; mNekhf epkpu;e;jjhfNt fhzg;gLk; .

Zonal Education Office – Nuwara Eliya. Science Unit 11 | P a g e

jpfjp :- 08-07-2021 Neuk; :- K.g. 09.40 njhlf;fk; K.g 11.00 tiu

njhFg;G :- P. Rathika Cp/Nu/Saraswathy T.M.V

rf;fur; nrad;Kiw/ Row;rp nrad;Kiw

 rf;fur; nrad;Kiw vd;why; vd;d?

 capu; Gtp ,urhadr; rf;fu nrad;Kiwapy; gq;fspg;G nra;Ak; nraw;ghLfisj; jUf?

jpfjp :- 13-07-2021 Neuk; :- K.g. 08.00 njhlf;fk; K.g 09.20 tiu

njhFg;G :- N.Thiyagendran Cp/Nu/Dimulla T.V

Zonal Education Office – Nuwara Eliya. Science Unit 14 | P a g e

Zonal Education Office – Nuwara Eliya. Science Unit 15 | P a g e