M-1 QUESTION BANK(MP) IT-I MATRICES Short answer questions 1. Define symmettic,Skew-symmetric and Orthogonal matrices 2. Define Hermitian, Skew-Hermition and Unitary matrices 3. Define rank of a matrix 4. Define echelon form of a Matrix. 5. Define normal form of a matrix 6. State the conditions for consistency of the system of equations AX=B 7. State the conditions for consistency of the system of equations AX=0 8. Define linearly dependent and linearly independent vectors 1411 9. Find the value of k such that rank ora -1 k | is2 3101 10. Define elementary matrix with an example LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS 1. Find rank ofthe following matrices by reducing into Echelon form: 1 4 3-2 41 2-4 3 -4 0 y |-2 -3 -1 4 3 li) |1 -2 -1 -4 2 16 7 2 9 Oo 1-413 4 -3 3 6 12 4-7 4 4 5 63 9 -7 tt 2 9 4 3. Determine the non-singular matrices P and Q such that PAQ is in Normal form and find its rank: 204 = 1-23 4 i) [: 3 1 2 ] ii) ke 4 = | 1 101 2 “12 7 6 4. ‘Test for consistency and solve if the equations are consistent: i) xt 2y422 2,3x—2y~2=5,2x—5y 437 i) x+y +2=3, 3x—Sy 402 — 5. Solve the system of equatios) xtytwo0,ytzs0.x4ytetwa0, ty tI = 0 i) 2x-y+3z=0, 3xt2y+z=0, x—4y+5z=0 6. Determine whether the following equations will have non-trivial solutions if so solve them: i) x43y—2z=0, x-y+4z=0, x— My +142 =0 ii ax 4 2y +24 3w = 0, 6x4 3y +42 +7w =0,2x+ytw=0 7. For what values of 2. and pt the system of equations: xy $2 = 6.x + 2y +32 = 10,x4+2y +22 = 4 has i) Nosolution ii) Unique solutions iii) Infinite number of solutions 8. Find the value of 2 for which the system of equations 3x —y +42 =3,x 4 2y — 32 = —2,6x + Sy HAZ = solutions and solve them with that value of X. 9. Find the values of a and b for which the system of equations xy $2=3,x+ 2y +22 = 6.x + 9y + az = b will have i) No solution ii) Unique solution iii) Infinitely many solutions 10. Solve the following system using Gauss Elimination method i) x-Bytz=-S,x—2y+92=8,3e+y—2= 8 i) Buty + 22=3,2x-3y-2=—-3,xt2yt2=4 1, Solve the following system of equations using Gauss Jordan method: 10x +y+2=12,2x+ Wy +2413, x+y 452=7 3 will have infinite number ofQUESTION BANK ONIT- MATRICES % SHORT ANSWER . QUESTIONS ») Define Syrometric, Shew symmetric and Orthogonal matrtas Syrometric Matrix: A squace matrtr A= lay] Said to be symmetric ai =a? for every ft and J ~Thus : A fs a Syrometr ic matrix = As6' ox Ale A! Skew Syrmetsic Matix i A squaxe matstx A=(ag] is Said to be shkeo -syrometric Tf a vey f and § ' Thus @ ts a Skew -Symmetefe matrty <5 A =-Al or AF ps7 age for Orthogonas mabirs Al “ Matix A is Sid to be Orthogonal te AA'=6 =7- That & AT= A! %) Define Hexmttfan, shew -Heimtfon and Ont tasty mata, Hsin? lan Matyas A squane matric A sith that AT=A Cov) (ATER fs called a team tian mateic Shew - Hermitian Matix tA squose matrix A such thar =f (01) (AYT=-A TS called a shéww- Hermie Matrty LeRtasy Matate. A square mati, A such that (Ay 6!%: Detfne wank of a Matix” Woe detine Ite swank to be Oo. det A be an exn matric. As a null matyx, | fA fs a non ZrO Matrix , we Say that ¥& the | yanh of @ tt | D) every Cent) Oydexr minor of A fs 0 ") three exist at least one wth Ordex entnor of A wohich fs not goo Rank of A is denoted by e(A) 8) Define Echelon form of a matytx A matrix Is Safd to be echelon for tf ) Zero tows, * any, ave below any NOn- FXO row is )) The Hrst ron- Qe element fy each non- geT0 vow *5 equal to | i) the number of Bui TOs before the first non - Ze. element of a ‘row % less than the number of Such Zeros fn the next vow: 8) Dettne normal torr of a Matrix. Bery mxn mabitx of rank’ t Can be veduced to the form Ts [T,,0] ov (* e| by using: a inte 0 0 Number elementary ‘Tow OF column operatfons, where Ty fs the v-vowed unftmattx then above form fs Called ~ownal form” or “Fist canontcal fomstate the condfefons -tor consfctenuy e{ the system ®| equations AX= 6 ) Rant #2 Rank oj [Alp] = then the equation AK=B FConsKtent uith unique solution st) HW Ranh 8 A = Rank y (riB} zen the equation AK=B fs coneetent wth Ynficttr Solution rt) HF Rants | B > Ranh of (A(By then the equation AK=B fave no solutfon ard Seondetint stat the cond?tiom 4ox consfelenay 9 the systern ol aqtations PK=0 i) if Rant of A = Ranh of (Alp {= 9 then the equation AK=O have tyflal solutfons : ae) # Rank of A= Rank of CA/B] 20 zthen the equat?on DK=D HALE NOM ts%Pr colutfonsDefine Lineorly dependent and Gneorly tndependen Nectors dtoeorly dependent seb: A set 4 xy, %a9-7 Xn} of wv \ectors ts Said tO be a nearly dependent set, rf thewe exist + scalays Ki Kg: by, NOt all Zeno, such that Hix tba tat + byky =O, whete O denotes the 9 Veltor wth component all 3uo- t+ t Byty=O whete O denotes the n vector vol th Component all geno => 6=0) by=0--. Kyso find the value of 6 such that the yank of Be ft tr riya gy to-t kt | 3 1 off fiven Rank (A)=g Ra > Rg-R,, Ra> Ry-3R, fey © -Q@ Kt -g] Rae Rar Rg 0 -2 3 -a 'oro-rot AE [Oe be Played J-k=0 0 -K oO ce Be) : Anearly fndependent set of Vectovst A set 1% %2-.%4 of + Vectors % Safd to be nearly andependent set, te the Set, fs not nearly dependent, f-e, t Be the\0) Define elernentaty matrix with an example Elementary Matrix: te fe a mate obtafned trom a onkt matrix by @ stogle elernentary branstormatfon | | Example. [0 1 © loo 'so7 | ft oo © to}f/oro ave the | oo! Oo Da oo; | elementary moatrices Obtatned from Ts; by apply?ng | the elementary operattons ¢ 2>C, , R3> ahs 4 P.> Rith, 4ONG ANSWER QUESTIONS ) fing sank of the Following matrices by reducing nto | Beaon torr: : } | Apply RatR,, Ry t 3k,Opply Ra Ras Runs | ooo! 4 3 -2 rt oO, oo 00 © 050 & Rank (@) = 2(A) = The pumber vf r0r~ gol sows fn matrix = Q i) Qa -4 3-10 bh-a- -4 Ql or - 3 4 pu-yu -& 5fa -4 3 -1 0 1 -Q -l -4H¥a@Q Orl -l 3B 4 Py =p ou -4 6 ven As Rote change Ri and Rg 7 pra rt “4g fg -4 3-1 o oO 1-l 3 ! 4 Hy | Rgra Ra>Ra-QR, Ry Rue, ord mt sha 0 06 4-4 oO 'a4 3) o 1 8 ta -3) Ra Ry Nosa st -4 9 O 178 12 -3 ! oh tog | . 00 5 4Y “4 Ry? Ra-Ry Ry? aky +5 Rs hora “1-4 Q i ee Oo ' 8 12 -3} © 1 g 1-3 oO 0 -9-q 4 0 0 -G -F y | oo 5 Any o 0 0b 18 -16| Num bey of Non-2c70 ows fe 4 e(Ay=4a) Find wank of the Following enatvices by SoYmal Form roa 9-4 i) as -1-) o5 3 4 et -a-y o4 4 10 Se 00 0 0 6 3 0-4 epply Ra” Ra Roe R, rr -t -ack o !' -6 73 to-p-a-y o4u 4 10 a3 -1-| © 0 0 0 Bi 3-2 \ cs os epply Rit Rg Ppply Rarer, ein Rak o 1-6 3 1 o4 4 Ry rer, 06 0 O Va 9-4 ppply Aa 4Ra jos 34 a © 4 a 10 1 0 6-4 04 1 I oe Oo ad 2 Apply Ry- Rs . ©o o 0 iota nk Apply Ca tBCr o5 3 4] lou a wl ' o o-F | 068 3 4 or ; oo 2 22 Ppply Ra Re cee 8) 1 -| -a-4 Apply Ra © 5 3 4 | PRN Oo4 q 10 of } 4 reduc 4 PintoSF oO + x J S o 1 SF + 2 Tr + a Vv a S > a => & = & ¢ =; re? gO - © dle 8 r Slo Jo . > = o = e ¢ . eee ———— Qoao0c Ts Co-o ° oO a6 oo 6 ©o-° oom 7 5 ee 9-98 o- ee 5 O] - Hence Rank of ts 3 Ds 0 thts % of the form [ |fra-3 Hi at S112 'ao8 {oo o1 o4 Oo 00 0216-2 Prey Rant R538, REF) Apply cyctec Cu Ger 4G fia-13 loos o-r emu oe oot n. |oot%o “opp ane Lo 0 0 whe? Apply AR, +R, Rak / YAR ORS RoR ue O-t eu . | oO o-24 Looe | S90 1 8-3 | or.00 ~ [28] PREY aR rR, Rat 3 6010 ©20 oO - fi4 oo J o-A Oo 1 | Rant of a 5 oO bay [9 Ot Kal : Ppply QRu+Rs [i410 o1 J O-4 0 1 |e 0-2 4 LO o © 2h-24) pind cen-Sinqudart chotwfees P ond @ so that PAG & of ° Date formal form where p =f 1 -@ 34 “9 4-1-3 iH) a 4 6. we li A= TAL, t . loo) 1000 efi -a34H oo[ Oo 1 o. -a 4A oot oo to -!' d+ 6 loo 01 | Ratak, and Rath, | r | V-a a4 ‘oo {tooo 00 5 K6l]2 [tt ofA | otroo] oo ww) [fou | ooo al Ooo} Apply Ry OR, ; | cr 1 oo 1 ooo | '-a34) | o15{9] e100 | |; OO 8 § looto 000d s-21 0 00; L : . , | Applying Re te, aay too 'ooo SO ory Jowos of ® O1o of | Poon 5-2 | Od: 0 ooo! Apply Cy- Cg a 34 100 {tooo }0 01 of =fowor pf Pf COLO © | | | oo00 kK 3 -a | oOor-;| oo 01 po10086 t-9 Ot] — Foa-06 6 loro cl fo oto] jouw oa ofA} o le 8 0 © 00 -3 -Q2 1 boot APPLY Cotoc, & Cy~C (ia o- (ooo “09-06 OF oy OO'10)* Jou oan a coeod ja ei} oo Apply ccs rr o ant : oo “02-06 0 o0to O10 OF | ou 0-8 © 01 0- ne “3 -8 1 o0014 [-o-a - 10 o-1 we have P= [70°28 -06 > loos» jou 08 oO] | ‘ _ \ o:0o07 3 8 oO Dot PAQ = [2 °| “Rant of given matrfe Q vaK-38 wos |@ t-3-6 And non- Slhqutas matatces cod a-3' a ry ot 8 thor PAG is ta formal town © we ur A= DOTY B 1-3-6 fioo (ooo a3 1a z or o/h ]o1 ee ve ta oor} foore ‘ oo 0) ROR, ryota foo. (ooo | ast =lor1 of PJor0 0 | a1 -3 76 poo gous - U 000} Ra BR. Ord RAR, rota [o o1 1 000 | o-5-1-a | = or-2/A |o@ 00 0-1-5 -10} Lo-2 oo1e = 900) - Ro Ruths rors} [! On 000 o-5 -t-al> jo r-a| oroe eo 0010 oO --8-10 U o-8 ood ! Cy? Cyn abs1 o-4 0 (on- 1oo00 = -2/A oB-1g a joo of 1o- 001-2 1-6 0] on ooo! Coo Cyt, ood 1 O-1 ' OH O 0-6-1] = Jor-2}A]Oto o oO-1-6 0 to-2 O12 - ©0001 C39 BCy- Co lL ooo i oct 1 020 0 o-s 00/2 Jor-2/F]/ot- 0 | : 7 © -)-1U 0 VOr® poo sk Coo 1s CoD S4CQ- C3 'ooo0 (o-t pee Bo o-n0 oo [= fot-2/ Ah [O25 1 © ae LO-n © -5 5 -g © Od | Looe 1 on 1-20 2 6 lo. ool= Oho Teo} 8 | © 28 4 oO ©01to. rt ‘ BO bu oO Yo 2 co 4 1oo-| Pe | © 400 Yeo -pu oo Yr ® = 1 -90 30 0 Oo 286 -1 oO] | . ~2 6 “68 6 Rann of R= 3 © o O|) Test tor conststency and solve tf the equations ave Consistent ° The equation can be written % the matrix form as tae | 2 {3-2-1 ule 5 | 2-6 37/3] > by a Lig 6] ° 7 : pr zee The Augmented matytx [A,B] = 3-2-1 5 ' 2-53 -4 14 6 O ! . . Apply Ro Ry BR, Ry? Re AR, , RP RY Ry fz 2 | o-8 -t-1 ) 0 -4 1-8 | oO 2 4d Ppply Rar BRa WR Ry PHRytRa | 1o2 2 R Jo -8-¥-1 Ba, Ru Jo o «s-65| °5 4 © o 4a -4) roore Oo -8 TA] Oot) O o1-l apply Rua Ru-R5 A) Le Dye 2Q =) Sx-2Yy-B= Hy 2e-HY HBQ= 4) THY FORE oO AX=B /t hoe 0 0 o-aP wv “I - oO! comp Since Ranh of A=3 and Rank of (A,B) =3 we have Rant of A = Ranh of CAB] The given system fs consis tent and has solution tor o o-8 aff] Lf | \ ! | 0 © La -1 oo 0 ° werytag =2—O 5 - 8y-4B =-1-@) [R= Put 3 =-1 %@ -syete 1 (G=T] pur yeh zen! tn © Ut2-2=2 aa x9] Douay y Beri fs the solutionwey tages, Br-Byrt2Qe & BUSY t ya = ty He ttt .% ae? a-5a * Y 3 534 a yy Cey> ' 1 83 3-5] 8 B-s 414 Rad Rao BR, Rar RS OR) roirws joe -|-l 0-8 -\-1 Rg Ram & tou 13 Jo-@--1 [9 © 00 Rank 5 (ate) = 4 = Rank of A The given colutton ts contktent and has solut?or rout L 3 ofo a we yt ged ~8y-grcl- By-Ke ot ~SyeH-! qe Bol 8 wtytg 3 at -labed -8 Te SKA “8 om = Hou Ketek -3 TE Aye a8 “8s ts 4-93 jy obo got % the solutien - “8—_—er-re—e—e—ev—r so a) aolve the system of equations + ) 5 42320 TtYytw=0 5 graze, veytarw =o eed a fy matsty tom as | The equations can be written | Ay =0 | | wheu A=({' '°! © ° | orrol *=]y] OF fe trues > oO lr 1 2 0 w | ° | apply Rae Ra7Riy Ry? Ru Ry 11 ot o110 © o1ot lo o 27! | apply Burd | 1 101 o 11d o O10 | | 0 port Apply Rit Ry 1 100 | | Jor o| Ze Rank(A) =4 & Nember Of S % ‘ ‘ vasfables = 4 therefore there %& no NOP-RULO solutton Hence Way HRBW HO fe the Only colutlon0) DL -YFSH=O} BUtAy +R =O 5 ty t63 =0 the given system can be uoritten as AK=O | “ed kei Apply Rae Ry 1-46) . a2! Jo 13 Apply RaBA, and Ry~ BR, « 1 o-k 6 om -14 o 4-4 | Apply Qa Ro 5 Se bo=n 6 . ow-t . | oo oO Rank(e)= 2 Number of vartiables = 3 H-¥=3-Q=t qe ur yr gah tL -ty 453 =0 % = Hy 63 = Uk~6k = -k the solutfon fs afuen bi -{t]- |: f] | e solutron gen oy» [3] [=] |Determine whether the Following equatione ull have non-tyvlas solutions "PF so solve them’ se BY PY HOy WHY HUB AO: wily tt4R =O =f' 3-2 _[% _/o ur A a :| * ‘(3] “| ponte ty R ° then the ven systern Can be wovitten as A¥=0 Apply Ra-R, And Rg-aR, ad 15-2 Jo-4 8 O -14 16 Apply Rx-aRa pr ana o-4 8 © 0 0} The tanh of matrix Ge 2 Number wy varabler &3 wll have one non - ZE10 Olutfon ut B= K then sub En corres pond 9 *equatlons L#3Y-21R FO and ~ Hy €8Q O° HR wy LH ndYy t23 SDH EDK 4 5 Y #23 = | | = 106 |i) betay +3 +3w <0, ut SYy HB tw =o) 2tYyt Ww =0 Hoa t 3) xc . . the Ax= [63 44 [2 = 0 ( Patexchafnging | be 1 8!) lw Varfables card 3) Apply Ra-HR, | | 1aus] ] 0-65-10 -6 | ‘jorail | Apply Re =5 12 3] Jo 1at otal Pppry Ra Ra | (Qs | oral }o 00° | of non-Zeto sows = 2LY(unkrous) Rank (8) = Numbex 8 Aneasily Independent coluctons {rexs] [2 £24 + 4x #30 = 0 AK lo vas] [4] 0 Bey oo o} |x Y t2u4wW=0 w 2 0 t= K, and w= ba then golve these two equations eat = -aky-hs and Ze ~My dw =—Ma %= Hand Y= -aky-ho, 2 =-a and we: He————x—e_ rere | for what values of hand & the cy ttm of equations « LtYytH=6, toy tS Z=lO, Lt Wy FAB = hos i) No solutton Ti) Unique soluttons 1 Ri) Infra NUmbvt P Solutions | he matrir form of given syttem ot equattons f rut xX 6 AX= 193 y > 0 -B t2 A 8 kw 1116 | agmented matyie % CAIB) = . ‘° Apply Rag > Ra-Ri and RewRy Rr totte@ 24 ot At oe Lelpy~ b RarRs-Rag - rt ot @ or & HH | 0 Ors YO | Case D1 det NES then wank of A =3 and vank of crie)3 Then the system oj equatfors & Constetent - Here the numbes of untnowns %¢ 3 which f same atthe rank of A: The sytem of equatfons vAlL have a Unique colvtfonCase Pt d=3 And UFIO then Tank oF A=A and - vant of (A/6] =3* Since the wank of A and CAa(p] ave not equal, the sytem of equattone has no solotton Case (+ det N=3 And U=10-Then we have vant of A=. roo’ of Ca/By=& | - - the qiven sy stern 8 equations ukU be. tondcbnt Numbet pj unknowns =3 > rank oA syst has foFeotee ly many to lottone 8) find the value of for whch the Myttem of ey BU-YtH = 3) wt 24-33 =-a, Gxt By FRB =~3 whl have {ntiot a number oj colotfone and solve them with that value Dd A Matsit form AX=B 3-1 ‘)E] 37 'oan-3 /]/4Fl-a : 5 r»J [al bs} 3 -tu 3) fugenented matrix £98] ; Q-3 | 656 x -3 Ra >BRo-Ri | Ra >Ag ar La,8] ~ E “33 OA a-e-4© othe elution B® KEL EBHENL YR G 4 Ra>Rg-Ra fap] ~ [3 34] o4 13-4 | 0 0 6 0 . | x e-5 Rant of A= 2and Rank of (a8) =a Number of unknows 23 ten when A=~5, the diven system % Lons? and te has an gn deo? NUMbeH of colutions MF Az>6 BLY wu fs o 4-1] [4¥ [9 oo D0 Q o| ged —® «font ar-yrHg > 3 —O Fe ur 3=6 ay 1K 79 = YF B69 Fz substituting the value of Y fh (DO, we get ay) (ab-9) tuk = 8 > 3% = Bb 4kts 2 > + + aus Hee Sat CaKE) a a 13k), | | Leh,4 -fing the values of a and b +tor whch the vty eed, WHDY+IBEG, THIY tQQ=b have 1) No colutfon &) A Unkve colutfon 4) Infinte no-of ‘of | | tot % | As . -3 | [2 | , : nT ta a) g b Ax=B yo 4 37] Frugmented matree LAB] [' | - 1 b Rank, 2 too t 8 o'123 o8 at b3 Rid Ri Re > Be to-'t oO o! a3 lo Dat beat Cose D: WearUy b= dt the rank of A = rank 8] (6 Bl=2 No- df variables = 3 wank (A) « tank (AlB]= 323 GR, O5Ra [es -8 1-8 06 8 '8 © 9 -Du 283 Rants vf Cals = -; -B 1 « [s.] o 68 | 2/3 [: *[ | a w-bytR =-5 by rear 'S Haale = 383- 90ttg =-883 a = 383 aay 8 283. ey**(aou 7 8 ey = 3-228) Loot oy = 3-283 3 38 6y =o! Soe 3-3 168 av-eyrg 2? = -B8t8y-3 Lz Hey - 283 yoo = -§ +93 Bt a Ba ~ AA 32 ao e\heg | 283 loon“auty t2Qe3, De BYR eB, LHDY TREN Hf 12 J Bea hau EY 4 aa a3 a-3 -1-3 ,vatwd R,O Bs reo. Q-B1-3 BS 1a s Ra dRa-QR, 5 Rao Ra3R,Teaytg =4 “ay-8q 0 ~ ay BE EO ~ AytSeo" Tay 8 Tay ety y= uly Kot2y-te 4 Ut ype y “FREYa wort yt el antioy td = 13, Lt Yt HA = + . A ef to tt | * =| '2 2 10 4 * 4 6 ho \ nn) 35 + [rts) Sfto yi 29 10 1 13 Liir6 4) RL © Rs 11 6 4 ato 1 13 tort io Rar RaQ, 5 RAP RIOR \ \ 8 4 “A 4-9 8 RyrBRat Ig , t 6 F Re o e747 =u3 © 0 -uys -4ad tt 6 + oe-a-s | oo. 4, J 11 5 «7. {5 [esa |l3 \ oo 1 SLRUNE EIGEN VALUES.EIGEN VECTORS AND QUADRATIC FORMS Short answer questions 1. Define Bigen values and eigen vectors of a matrix 2. State the condition of diagonalizability of a matix 3. State Caley Hamilton theorem and write its applications 4, Write any five properties of eigen values 5 2 3 5. IfA=|0 -1 4], find eigen values of i) 5A ii)A* iii) adjA_ iv) A* 0 0 6 6. Prove that Eigen values of unitary matrix are of constant modulus 7. Define Modal matrix and Spectral matrix 8. i) If Ais an eigen values of an Orthogonal matrix then 1/2. is also its Eigen value ii) Prove that if is an Eigen value of a matrix A then 2+KI is Eigen value of A+KI 9. Define Quadratic form, canonical form, index, signature and nature of quadratic form 10, Find index, signature and nature of quadratic form 2xy+2yz+22x 11. Define linear Transformation 12. If) is an Eigen value of a matrix A then prove that 2? is an Eigen value of A? 13. Define Algebraic multiplicity and Geometric multiplicity of an Eigen value of a matrix 14, Show that Eigen values of unitary matrix are of unit modulus. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS 1, Find the Eigen values and the corresponding Eigen vectors of the 8 -6 2 302 2 once 7 “| 1 2 i 2 -4 3) l-1 -1 0 2. Prove that the Eigen values of Hermitian matrix are all real. 3. Prove that the Eigen values of real symmetric matrix are all real. 8-8 -2 4, Diagonalize the matrix oft -3 =] 3 4 1 944 8 3 ‘ Hence find A 16 8 7. 5. Diagonalize the matrix | 12 -1 6. IEA= [: 1 = verify Caley-Hamiltton theorem, Hence find A”, 2-2 1 7. Disscuss the nature of the Quadratic form, Find its Rank, Index, and Signature. (1) x2+4xy+6xz-y"+2y2+4z? (2) 2x?+2y7422742yz, 8. Reduce the Quadratic form 10x?+2y"+5z?-10zx+6yz-4xy the Canonical form. Also find the transformation,9) Reduce the Quadratic form 2x’+5y’+3z*+4xy to Canonical form. Also find the transformation, 10) Reduce the Quadratic form 3x”+2y"+3z"-2xy-2zx to the Canonical form by Orthogonal transformation. Also find the transformation. 11) Reduce the Quadratic form 3x”+Sy+3z”-2yz+2zx-2xy to the Canonical form by Orthogonal transformation. Also find the transformation. 1 i iti i 0 2~3i 1-i 243i 2 As P+iQ where P is a Real symmetric matrix and Q is a Real skew-symmetric matrix, 12) Express the Hermitian matrixQUESTSON BANE ONTT -D. EIGEN VALUES AND ezG@eN VECTORS Bhost Ansvoet qu tions | Is) Defiee -€igen values and eigen veetws of a matin. “An. “Bien values s~ “The -sools of charactesst¥e eqs are | Kotwo ay eigen values Cosy charack esshe soot igen vectors 3~ Ee Baa Ax (a#O) then x fe callecs eaen veoter cowsespondiing “te agen value 4 & | date tre cond Hon of Aiag onal’ ability of @ rnakefs aOY A amatetx A fs Afagonoticable fy thee ext an Tove |tibla matwx P auch -that Plep =p whe ok a dingo. Nal maki Alo the matey P fe ead te Magnralice Ao teanehorn A te diagonal ypormm. & | stale caley- Hamilton theosem ard vorile it applications fine) -€xery squave matsix gotisfies {© evon chasaateasHe equation that *S if chordetenitbic eg” of A fc | VAP ad taga 4 --- 4 4, a -On=0 then “9 - 2 ert gant $= FP AEA O | | —Applicabions +— the. eeportank applicatiens oF cola - “Hamillon Themserr ave 1 Te find the invene of a omalsiv & To fied hight power of He emaiixtx -he ‘natte any five popahe of e'gen values * oO “the sun ob tigen values of a Square mal atx is equal to (6 twace and product of the eigen values fc equal CT 7G dotetminant eigen veeler x, than A™ Is an etgen value of A” cossesponduing te 2igeo vecter x sare ergen volue Jarre eigen veoter x to move than ore eigen value ip pa]? @ 8) | o -) 64), Hind igen values of 5p oe 6\ fi) nt HN Ady A iv) no! (it) Ty dfs an e'gen value of 7 cossexporidliing te the GH A aguas anatex — ard re twantposé AT have the (iv) Th d fs an etgen value of @ matsrs A then td Fs an efqen value of the emateix En cossesponching ts (9 tb x f an agen veclet of A thon x Cannot covyespord2 oN HAD #20 =O Az -t,6,5. WoM Ay Aa,25-- Pn Are ergen values | A ten Ka, Kay ave eigen values oRAn ot kA Cr SP the ein values Ome 901 (5A, 9A = +405), 6(5), 505) -, 30,25. di YA ® ein vale of B , they a ds ep value f A” 4 - en, vo, ©) = \,i2%, 625. ws 4g a a elpr value of matin , then aa a gn value of pdj A For adja, cep valu ave let lat (a) -30 30 ~30 So a = 30,-5,-6, Wo 8b 0 tps vale of arabic then 2 ep anlar at for W', tign values one cut, ceil, 6 Lok, a -l,t0%S| frove that igen values of Unitary Matren acre of pborptand Modlut Abe a square it Crtepording etgen Vector Ther we hove Weteek whee eigen Value ts A wsith a AK ——O Aen E 2 RG unitary , wehae (Ayaor OD and(2) ges, Rrat aes Agee Chen) Since 0 ix RTEMXT A bg 03) on RT KCAR) 20 Sax X#O, we Must hove 1-Ay we must have Jal =} The characteristic, Toot of a orthogonal matrix a Bs AAR [ Stree AL s [Ry Cova. * Une modudu lus". Tg the element of unitary raterts aye ol real then dh an Orthogonal makrex . eg Can Gra. The only etgen Values Of Unttary rrabrek be +b ov -| ~ pefine Modal matrex and Spectral matory Mode marréa | TE cued sin the elgen Vatuer and ddagonalizalion procex tnvolwing elgenvectors, Medal MatarxM por the matacz A ds the nx makret FOU wht the cbgen Vectors of A as Columns in mt it | altthzed uh de Semtlariig brant formation. | Spreeean mata: bohere Ds an no Abagenal matrix with the cegen Values of A om dhe eran Bhagonal of band “eres elsewhere. The matacn D4 called the Spectral Mabie gf A[;) Th d fs an etgen values of an osthog onal anali'x ~fhen Yy ts alo th 2024424343 2-0 —O -B% + HLH oD Lan de 2-47, 4345 20 24) -%y =O 24, 2 tS % 2 ae be agee deck Ke x = Ke K K Case-2. ket AcIs (h-AI)x = 0 To -6 2D a oO “6 Bg Ie ° 2-4 v2 as oO) RA> Rst 2-4 Hr wu ° “6-8 -4 w le] o 6 ao) as oO) Rr ar B 4-2 6764 © an [=|- ° T 62 %, ° Ra Ra-3Rr Ry: Ra $18 i o ot 20 tle=l]o LO ~20 40 aa ° Ra: ey 4oe, | to-2 -¢ Jfm ° Oo 10 20 a |=] 0 o do I oJ =e Mae 2%, -6%, = O ——@® '04, 420% 2 0 Ars -2%y | Sub ay vatue in © T4445 64526 2 oan =0 Tis 25 Fa5K then dpe -2k gy 22k Xp = [ 2k 2 | ~we = KI ip ( | z Kpe] -2Case fee roa (P-ar) x co Rob oy x ° “6 4 Hg | aw |~/°? 2 -4 © 1, ° Rey Ry 2-4 0 uy ° “6 4 “\e f(s] Be oe 1 ° Rad Ro 43k Mrs Oy 2 -4 © 1-200 oO -? -% 2 -2 BG D 1 -2 oO -4 0 4 Ree Ry bey t -2 0 au ° O -¢ -2 t | 7[ 0 a) x ° +> UM - 002 2d ~4%2 -24,=0 [2 = 4%] sus.in © % (4) % =0 In = he) dt Ago k12 “rt og ) he 3 20 | Logg tg Characteristics equator, ee, BA gg 50 | ( aA 2 | t “tl -A 30 (-4)6A) 40] <2 (-d 42 J 42f-1+G-a)]=0 3A [2a tr tat pod 4 #20 aoa] 6 Ot Bane deh ak 4 ag ad co TARE BAD By ag A? BA? =O +@A-4¢ 26 As 2a Case t yp vc a ~ W-At) x £0 12 216% [e | =lo (2272) ° x 28 Ro-Rr ys Ra 4k to 22 uD O -20 n |= oO fo xa) “F U+ ou 40am = ~2h%2 oo + BO =O Sbin ©Rr - 9Ry Rs. R3+ Rp t a mu O -2 a \= o o t xy) Hades ox, 20 ——O As <0 Mb an el gic ke (2) [J mht2s Paove chat the Eigen Vatees Cf Hermitian matrcx are. au reat Peed : “OM be a stenrnbtinn ervataca Tf & be the eigen Ve cor Cossesponding 4 the etgen vatue A ofA when ~ Ax cAx —-O Mute ly — both seaes Y C0 bg x? we get PAK = dey —@ TAH Conjugate transpose Of bowhuccles ef (2), we get (x8 ax ye = CAXx)® be. » XERC(RE FxOcxeyé | (+ Capcy®= can and (KR)? beef OT XPAC x = Dx Oyo [= (ren 4 (Areen] © From @ & © AXOX 2 Axex fe, (AT) xexe 9 AX = 0 - A aX Heres A is eal TAU tne etgen yates of a Hermitian maty% Al au veat Peeve that she igen Vatues & veal Ayenmnetaia matrr PR att creat th the “hen A ib a reas 4ymmetne Mataex Tus a creat Sgrometrie matwn 4, Hearutian —+ Comenue Prep as Question 2. Clem er Ga termikan matt: A ave all veal,a Plagonaliae “he mater A 2 [: -e 2] 4 -3 -2 3B -4 1 Given po | -@ 2 | 4 3 oo 3-4 1 The chanatieristier equation of 6 ds [A-AT]=0 ey 6A-6 -2 4 4A -2 [| =0 3B -4 I-A ~ (e-AY [ Coaylra) -8] +a [4crayee]- HAP ECAP ALES O “ = A? GAP AUWA-6 0 . Az B.n2d . 3 0 0 Diagenal mate dis 0 te Co or Case-4 Let Aza’ (A-AT) © £0 lee, 8-3 -8@ -2 y (o 4 -3-3 -2 um | Jo | 3-4 BI] og, . J = 6-8 uy a © + 6 2 aw |=lo 3 aed aD fo) Ro 5 Ra- 40) o> Rs 3) (oe u ° / ° 2 2 aw |= [ ° 0 4-4 (a) (? 2{-6-9--+)] | co |° o of 1 ( Of 6%) 8%. -9%, =0 ——© 242 -2%,=0 ——Q@ | %> 2% | Ret a3 ck Arc k seb vas so © PU -ge-2e =D BX, -tOK 20 6H) 10K Tr ook = " Sy RRR — 0 ® ——~ --N i x 0 Soy ~K Case. yay (A-AT DX =O T Bo % 0 4-4 -o wm |2| oe 3-4 oO % OL TR AR py 105-3) To-@ -2 x o oO 4 Hb coe ‘|: a )\ a ° Re: Rat Rr —Bo-k x oO o 4 <6 wm |], o 0 © ms °TH 8x, -243 20 —{i) 423-645 2 0 le =bay > te Bbw tt [as K/ hoa &% le pub @ m8 (%)e -2k 20 14%) -o¢e arco 4m, -oB% =o fa, 228k [v= eT Xx, 2 ( 2 4 Viel eaf lt 2} . Ce roy AAayxso {% -8 “eT fm fe 4 “3-2 > % | =] 0 (4 -4 a) | «| (2 (6 6 -27¢mu7 [2 | oD = oO {4 oe » lo ) (3 -4 -1) x3 t . Ro: 6Ro -a4Ry Re: BRs-R o8 Wef-{F ° 5 o/ ° Ji aa,7% 6X - Bay -2%3 =O 2-443 = 0 ome = 4%3 | Ta 2 2%, | tet (3 ote $2 2K Aubin © 6%) - 16k -2k =o a1 -18K =O 61) 2 18K ais BK Xs (ry 3 2k = ef: | { « ) ( t “sof 3 [7] 1) Tis p m 65 4 [ ro tend pv Ac fa 4 4 -6 ge 7) 4 ‘| ("6 3 7 Characteroie eg |A-Atl=o -4-A 4g “8 BA 4 =0 “4% @ iH “4A (GA )(1A)- 22.) - 4 eG) 464)44 C64 Cdl) “WA (at-ar-aatA% a2) 4 Csb red +64 a4 Cb444e-ied)co-A-AC-UI-10A 4Ar) -4 ( BA4 8) CIE-16A) =O 94+ a0A ~GAX2 WA 41DA*-A® ~ 392A -32 -64-644 20 Ady AX eA ER =O DAU At=6A -3 = © As 3, -t,-t we 4 4 a “eo + a [£0 “6 6 4 x3 R22: 12Ro- BR, 83 > Re -16e, 2 4 4 x } Oe yg | [om I. © 32 6) % Rs 2 Rat Ro wa 4 | a o Re a |so ° °° ts Ro, & Te + —3 tt a Bm 1 ma =0 co 0 © a3 3%, +%r. +43 = © ——@ ~2a + %y —@ Aaron © 2%. = As We = = A% 4b aye ethSub a, aed agin 0G O 8014 ZBKeE. | ~BKI43K = 0 6%) = 3k t= | C= ke Mol & ' | L ~ 4z t “a 2 | & Ros ' ' 2 Ger ae ve “Bie 4 mi “6 4 4 am \50 - g gl\ x Ros Re 2k} Rs : Ry-2Rs 424 476m oO 0 6 ae £0 oO 0 o a Ry yr % “2 4 t m C2 6 m | =O \o 0© 6 ts ~ 2m; +%.4+ x, = 0 —C nes vet Revs 2lee ook Xs = Ko “PU tk aks =O “7% = Ky 4e,) Ms kak 2 Moos Kittie, — Ky kee Xe wf i ~ Ibo + &| 0 o 2) Xp os t 1 2 xB 0 2 6 ' xe | t ' x2 2Tes Pom x, Safir yy ar) | 2 02 -t | Perey - | 2 0 © o-oo | oO o-t | | 6 yp he nN an [ow Coley Hareitton -heorern: 2 2 | Hence tad a- oo 2 Pee C2 -2 7 /J Chawactercstee eg % Pk given ty |n-as[ eo = IMA 2 -\ 2 tA wa | 0 2 -2 tA A Cearrray-4J “2 (aceayse] -if-4-Crcrafzo AL a avaaheg J-2(a-ravg -1[-4-2424J= 0 bap ~3-9AdAtT 2 f 6-2AJ-t(-c4+r2aJ- 0 RAL AM EAs oye Aa -W4AKA ab -2k 50 AP 48> 434-4 50 AP -3A> aA 4Q| By Cayley -Hamilton -theovern, Matar A should satapy | fe chanactensiee 04, W-3A*3praco ———@ | Mew ase to vl t24+17 [3 € -6 | 2 lp 2 1-2\/=]/ 0 @ -6 | 2 -2 | 2 <2 | {o ¢ 8 | and ps 5 too -t B 6 -L 2 t Ly o4 -6 | (2 -2 7 Jl e038 ) = Bo 24 91 2t | | 6 eg D?_ap*_apig - 12 -t =[ 3 2% -21 2 6 -¢ 2 gl 29 3 “Bla tor 10 f 3t -24 , te 2-21 ol -6 3) 6 60 8 ° _ © Do - 9 0 o © 0 o Hence Cayley Marton & Verified TW ford at Multiply 29 @ wlth Al ory both avoles a [A> apr sacar ] say! R_ 3A -gtan! _ FO" es shag ah AL (rs 6-3 26 -¢ (le -6 4 oo 37)| “ALO SD 6 -6 3 = Bo % % Mo | LK % B) Risce the patecte of the Quadrotie form. fihd ds | Rank , Trdex and Segnacture be BLARYY 643 -Yr 2055 4 45h Te can be vorttters én rnatrin foto ( 3 (4 | Chavacteaustte a KF A ib [A-Ar] co A 2 3 | 2 Ay =0 fay tA | CA) [Cura -ay <1 J-r[ra-a -3]+ 3 [ a-2@-)]=0 UA > [-edaner ais [e-2-2]+ a(2+ arayco CA) [6-20 arJ -2 (5-20 J+ afer 3saJao “OBA HAD BA a BAL_AR H104+4A 415 2 GA =O -P+eA2 yA, Trdea 22. Sgnatine sp-aeh 2x4 oy 42 a2 4248 The can be wrtte th o mater 2 0 6 oO 2 | ° t Qe . “at}co Chavacterdic equation of © + [a-ad] 2A 9 6 aA oe =o ° 2A 20 CA) [@rneab] -9 0 ena [ 4 -2a-rasari =o a-d [ 4-4Adat] =0 BBA e2Ar_ 4A4 4A -A4 q 6 0 \* OB -6 1-64) © 0 pow. Gitven Jorn és reduced nto formal. fe, D = pTAP wherepe © 0 0 roy 0 40 0 and P= |0 6 -& | Lo 00 bo 04 he Lnear tramporrnation 1s xcey x bore (# y = [: 6 6 | Yo a! o 0 R= Yitptys, 5 Ys 5Y2-64y 7 32 4Y8 TRE given fore is -recluced -to YToy (aye % J (0 00 qr o 400 ge Oo 00 43 = toy)? +404, oe : Reduce. he guadeasic perm, aaeng 4 anteany fo Canonteal fam. Abo bad vhe -Lramspormation Guven form os 2A BYrt B52 4 any THA fan be wirttlen in Mate A for oo2 0 0 ' oo t-l 0 socyrhsueste se oO 0 3 a) B.ao 5 wig a. le CO RE | aE fA who too Yq 0 © [ + “0 = , a 0 oto Hs Ha 0 Lo Oy ot 2° 5 fi Pali e © ; matt an ly |g) He diagonal lo or , Me 0 3 ig) i en The Canonical form & Yi t pr tye which ay ge 4 - by K PY where xe [: J and Ye a a '"F Rederee the Quactrane form antag 53° 21g 26m -to the Gontcal forrn by Orthogonal transpornateor” Abo tend ~the -tnarsformatern As Ba 4 @ s 1s] o-6 a/ v -At[ =O Chaaecterch-tee of equertton b & |p-as} aA -1 ee Oo -— 2MOAR -0) 41 Cen caste) @ CO-CVGA)) £0 : BAC 6-2ASartay) 40-344) 2 1 Co- Lata) 26 BA \ C6-6ADA) RTA F224 2 O 18 A+ 3A. OL +H AY-AD43TA T2429 TO AP spleen =o ~Ad 4 A227) 423 = 0 AB_ BAP EDDA HIT EO St Strata =8 S.. 5 +945 =19 Sa i tb DPW SP AGA-Sz FO re aD HAY Ld FO pel aH iohen acl 2 -\ *\ - -\ an - {3 4 2) Ro P2RatRy (e -\ 0 eo Vn lo es 2,2 BatheQW-2K 20 eek. ck ‘ Ko = (x. = «> Le) when A =3 era = (a a3 RR, Ft =u “1 }o -t 0° o te) Ra Ra-R Ly at UA ° 3? Re >> A218) -&) (oo esl © -A-Y-3 20 -4 =e Yeo bet zoek -L-O K=O ae wk. igo ion =4 a {are} = fs 2a -\ eo 17 BreRR SS Ft -t d je aot aut Ra Ra-R, fe a = Le aa vel -x%-y 20 “Y-z ze _ lebzek = 37 =e a ~%-CK)z0 \ york eK,| K \ a ( Wed = Qari aVe ene fareotwh => Ueall = UPTO - at eet \% \ eB G et tal \ve | we | © re \n J 3) 7” -t l ep. \& & a 7 2 re ° ZB : L g G& B 4. rTap = |e z\C3 - Olle + 0 R\\n 2A\\a -t wn wn aslo 3) & y cor ow & ° 2) + ‘ 4 oe Bs T, yor . 9) BEE graagze uae Svan = 3 Rank = 3 Snare = 2C3)-3 = 3. lature = tue deyile- oro pl ah at ab dr alt okform BL By r+ 2B 24% + 2B K-24 Canonical forrn by ovthogonot ~transgormateon Abo tind the trangpormason We Reduce the Stradvate +0 the Given form Us 3x4 HY az>—2y 34.95% - OXY TA Gan be worete tn Matanza = [ ut | tos tg | Te chawcterdtts 64? of & us [B-ATl co + [7 “tot “EBA | oy Poet aa] VL Garay Jail eve-aai]ai(r-@ryJ=o @-A) [t-5A-sa4r7 (3444 +1 (44a ]co GA) (t4-ea4 arJ 4 [-2taAJ-44A <0 42-3404 AMIGA 4 BA? AB 9494-420 “APLAR 8644 36 50 13 UA 436 36 = 0 . WAS 2,316 ©) Aco (A-Ar]x 2 6 Prot tag 4 ay y |} 20 Cot a Ro 2 Ro eR) Ry + R- eI Poot a oO 2 Oo ¥ | 2d Lo o of | & X-y+z=0 — do eyso =e [Ged[:] CO Aes (A-AT]x =0 ~o -) t a (oA Lot -too 3 “-Y+B so ——_Q TA4Y-§ Trdex <3 Stgaature = 6-B=3 | Nature = ave depenite aw o3 cite 2% Eapres sine rermitéan matretA=/ § 9 9-36 ~ . ee 2436 3% A= ' -e ote 6 O 2-8b tl age ever gquare rratain Can be centigu ely eupresed as wun of tterenetean € skew Hermetian — matett Ac (228°) + (A= a) F4e@1 Ub Skew - hermi tan Pee Pa hermitian t tt | ri tt “ee a too am ne ot 2 t +] io ae toma 2 2 -pe ptee | vio 4-6 2-2t 4tei + P & hermittao pont ee -} t 0 ast tee 263 2 = 6 Ae - e-26 doi 0 4-6 | +? 2-26 gas 4 ’ 2 -2t pace 4 : ‘i A L cterenitlan evatain of " \UNIT-IIL SEQUENCES AND SERIES LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS 12341234, 33" "357 Litt 2. Examine the convergence of +--+ + . wergence oO 733357 579 7911 1. Examine the convergence of 1? + (x>0) . 3. Find the interval of convergence of the following series ee 4, Test the convergence of the series inne nein 5, Find the interval of convergence of the series 6. Test the convergence of the series * 7.Test whether the following series is absolutely convergent / conditionally convergent roy" (saet-vn) 8,Find the interval of convergence for the series (~1)" a » 9. Test whether the following series is absolutely Cet or conditionally Cet rot sv2 sV3 Sa 10. Test the convergence of the series ys" i) sat n(n 11. Test the convergence of the series .— L(t at) 7m 12. Examine whether the following series is absolutely convergent or conditionally convergent ai at 7 13.Test the convergence of the following series 7714.Test the convergence of the following series tae 15.Find the interval of convergence for the following series >"> a x w+ ‘SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS Lest the convergence of (UF) 2.Test the convergence of L(x"/n""), (x>0) 3, Examine the convergence of S°1/n(2n+1) 4.Examine the convergence of) 1/(n¥? +n+1) 5.Test the convergence of the following series sin? 1 n 6.Test the convergence of the series vn + 1- Vn-1 ” terval of convergence for the following series ~~ 1 wt 7.Find th ay 8.Test the convergence of the following series! (log fog) cy (log) 10.Examine the convergence or divergence of 3)x""/(n+2) J(m+2),(x>0) 11. State ratio test, raabe’s test, root test, log test, integral test, limit comparision test, Leibnitz's test 12Define conditional convergence and absolute convergence 9. Prove that the series | converges absolutely.QUESTION Balk UNIT —IIL SEQUENCE AND SERTES | Short answer questions Test the convergence. 4 2(J at [re Let un = (Ba -i8 Multiply and divide vorth eer ln) _ Ue Le UR wr] net +f (nat -n? omer +008 ° Ba fos +1]{iso +! J. 84 Comparision tat | 2% and O hose n | = [xo <0 (Cer). By Cauehy's Root fest , given Series ZUn Convergent . 3. Examine the Convergence cf = I{nlant) Take Un = ' aan) - ! 5 an (2+) U, =2— | Pets “Take ' Vo ae \ le Yoo oe | G-p0 VA fe a (+5) - t | =k + | no LtF -— I -sy ty | 2+ By Umit comparision test ZUn and =v, both | Converges or biverges together £Vy = £5 a P=2 00Day potat 2 No Anveren by ptat = sty aho dive,A.) Gnd the dotewal gy convergence for the Gries & % eH og —— ot Same as 15 guation Jn long ansicer guettions 1 “Tat the convergence of Seaton ao a \ Zu = = yey’ Wo ot (Wn) = ioe te yr so KD nae by Cauchy's aM wot THE, Seslos a convergent. that the Sees eon absolutely Prove ‘thal e. = aliogs? eng os 4 ' — Sn - = ated cy J ee pt. Alloy aCeeD®— 3UhegS Ug? ahs & an alltex ating Sete. \ * an) & tod) Unat << UnBy Labnity's tet Sun absolutely Comengertt. 0. Examine “the Convergence OF divergence f st loowe an Un = 4 — Cot2d¥ nto ee Unev = — | (ora nes CO CnNne we at ge a ne Up AF 2 Mas ned w Ot sy Ise . We oe mak oes | v4 to ata (ae se oe hasta | eo yeoVle a. wo oe - EU commas Hoa <1 Uy aterg es Yo eo Tet fail | est v at ele SF eels Gene Va = aUs ple Le Ses Lt —a. anew XA nae 93h (+ ~ sta Se Ly noo (ee sb a By Wierik Comparision test | £Un and ZN both Converge or Alege together: ‘ 3 1 6 = it A320 wa + ZUp7 diverges when 422 EUn Converges if 2<2 Un diverges if 222 a2+o + «Dd a2.) Examine the Cenvergence af eres | \ i _ te \ 1.3.5 3.54 5.4.4 Ha y _ ° an-U) ona(on+3) Given Seen » allteinatng Series Un > Unt the terms ave decreasing ordey, 1 Le Uy = Le ne p20 (20-1) (anai)2nt3) \ |e oy 8 oo aane-HOHC*®) ' @ (2-0) =) LE ou, a3e = Oo3. By Lerbeils tat The Servis = Un Convenges . Find the intewal of convergence af the Serios 1 toy te ate te aga 30-49 Un —_ “on 20" Ro test -apek 4 Ratio tes \ Une = ane (n+l) (ay? 0 ak \ Vo 1 Onan (oe n Un AID) Unt "pee HD aoe Uns n>o a = lt 0 (er) ae a = be Were) = (+o) G-x) = 10 2 Un Conerges if t-t pl =F A 470 quot fa Yo weal A 4° tolun 2 =O t Ua = aca pet (+e) % ptt 2 Un diverges. + ZUq Conwenges if 1<0 Z Un diverges if £204. on “Test the Convergence of Serien 2 = act GH | a | | U_ = 7 | Corsa tat’) Une = = 7 Coaratnet ont = = _ uot teply patio fat | o_o Fa | Uy catia oe aot a (at =) neh Cre) aaa of o a a (Gua oh (rm) | alse (+35) = Ga) Le Yo Le (ea) a) C40)Vr0) ao).It Un Ne Va5. 84 Lait Compovision tat =U, and Contegs oF doverges together \ 2Nqy =e Gp ail ees GH By p- tat =n Converge t. - cu, b abo converge? . ZUq in Comengent x SI do Ey we divegest HY x7! God the interval of Convergence d Series Bee Bac 7 Pets Take ou, c ze n ppl Ratio HE nat Unt = nat Up x ntl | ha 7 atlawe it Uy alt fash neo Unt now 8% 1 uw oltw a0 Nek = lt M4 ee Wren) oa = a = Gt0> = ~ EVq conmmes if Aor = asl £Un dvega Z Uo xy \ een eats ane ave ~ta = =o. Terms ane sy lecreasing orclory The Setiey £0 absolutely convert €. find the an eval OF convergence. for the Series = aye 140 fet aUn aay an Caer! nay a eel, Ralls THE Up nla? 4! “Un-et ao (oF) GH" ned (ote) Ua a. 2 - Spat € 50 Condfarif aes fee ~ “(ssid os lt — noe ened ashen ~ 2 veal aes Z Uy Converge, i} pay?! > re| Fun ders i Bear x>1 Tet gail i} = xe =) zty =OEy, converges 4 [aril <2 p< (hed -3< x Yor ths pw allernating Sevier. Texans ave io decrearing ordey. | Le - b nam n 3 Gano = O. _ the Lexia absolutely converges. 1a Text the Gomengene of Series s ly (ox) : on Un = 2 ples) é Take Ya : D 2 tog Lt Yo alt nz NA Azo ~r = He ga ~Y) . ou, ws] ZNa = ay p-tat a (249) _ ato _ 3 - 255 ao 2. By Ratio test E Un ConNeNger . WS. Find the aster 4, Un = Une ath | = = 0 OHH | Unar cape)v Wd: eles ee (4 4] o [eat 4 le Un ‘ ne oe Unrt BY Ratio text EU, Converga 5 J4lo1 = tates re, 2. on Wn 22), Ys om LE Un =1 $0 a3 Given Series Js divergent >. the interval af conurgene the Series by Cay,UNIT-IV CALCULUS Short answer questions: State Rolle’s theorem. Verify Rolle’stheorm for f(x)=|x| in [-1,1] State Lagrange’s mean value theorem Verify mean value theorem for f{x)=xi in [-1,1] State Cauchy's mean value theorem Verify Cauchy's mean value theorem for f(x)=x?,9(x)=x’ in [1,2] Using Taylor,s series expand (x ~ 2)* — 3( ~ 2)? + 4(x ~ 2)? in powers of x Write Taylor’s series expansion of f(x) at x=a Find the volume of the the solid generated by revolving the ellipse 521 about the major axis 10, Write the volume of the solid generated by y=f(x),x=g(y) formulas LL, Write the Surface areas of y=f{x),x=a(y) formulas 12. Define Beta and Gamma functions. 13, Compute the value of r(—“) 14.Prove that Jf’ e-7"dy =m F'(n) 15, Lo Explain geometric interpolation of rolle’s theorem ng answer questions 1. Verify Rolle’s theorem for f(x)“ in (0, 2] 20 in [a,b] 2. Verify Rolle’s theorem for fix)=log = “22 3. Verify Rolle’s theorem for f(x) in (2,3) a Verify Lagrange’s mean value theorem for f{x)=log. x in [1,e] Prove that = — zpos? Bu ‘using mean value theorem Prove using mean value theorem |sinu — sinv| < |u — v| Verify Cauchy’s mean value theorem for f(x)=e-*,g(x)=e* in [2,6] Obtain the Maclaurin’s series expansion of loge(1 + x) Verily Taylor's theorem for (x)=(1 — x)? with Lagrange’s form of remainder upto 2 terms in the interval [0,1] 10. Expand logcosx about ; using Taylor’s expansion ee Aa ws