Sheena M.

Sacan SAS 12-16 (REVIEW ACTIVITY)

Group members:
Sheena M. Sacan
Bhea Tenchavez

SAS 12
Information Age- is defined as a “period starting in the last quarter of the 20th century
-is also called the Digital Age and the New Media Age because it was associated with the
development of computers.

James R. Messenger- He is the person who proposed the Theory of Information Age in 1982.

1750- 1st wave (Agricultural Age)

1955- 2nd wave (Industrial Age)
2011-3rd wave (Information Age)

SAS 13

Positive effects of automation:

(1) higher production rates and increased productivity; (2) more efficient use of materials; (3)
better product quality; (4) improved safety; (5) shorter workweeks for labor; and (6) reduced
factory lead times
B. Negative effects of automation:
(1) worker displacement resulting in emotional stress; (2) high capital expenditure required to
invest in automation; (3) a higher level of maintenance needed than with a manually operated
machine; and (4) a generally lower degree of flexibility
the impact of automation as: “technology destroys jobs,
but not work.”
SAS 14

(Web media)
The Web- is a collection of interconnected documents (web pages) and other web resources,
linked by hyperlinks and URLs.
the World Wide Web or the Web- is only one of a large number of Internet services
Hypertext Transfer Protocol, or HTTP- is the language used on the Web for information transfer.

(Social media)
Computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas,
career interests
and other forms of expression via virtual
communities and networks.
User-generated content- such as text posts or comments, digital photos or videos, and data
generated through all online interactions, is the lifeblood of social
Use of Gadgets, Web and Social Media
Negative Effects- Difficulty concentrating on studies, less physical activity, health
problems (obesity), decreased social
relationship, poor writing skill, etc.

Positive Effects-Stimulate senses & imagination, promote listening ability, encourage cognitive
learning, develop
analytical skills, improve manual dexterity, etc.

SAS 15
Nanotechnology- is the convergence of science, technology, and engineering where the
observation, characterization, design, and controlled fabrication of materials and devices are at
the scale of less than 100 nanometers (1 nanometer = 10-9 m).

Richard Feynman- (the father of nanotechnology) at an American Physical

Society meeting at the California Institute of Technology (CalTech) on December 29, 1959, long
before the term
nanotechnology was used.
Norio Taniguchi- coined the term nanotechnology. It wasn't until 1981, with the development of
the scanning tunneling
microscope that could "see" individual atoms, that modern nanotechnology began.

Bottom-up fabrication – it manufactures products by building them up from atomic- and

molecular-scale components.

What is the Societal Impact of Nanotechnology?

-Military applications. A high proportion of nanotechnology research is sponsored by the military
and thus focused
towards military applications.

-Intellectual property issues. The patent attorney must establish uniqueness and obviousness in
the process of
nanotechnology patent application.

-Effect on employment. The nanotechnology impact on labor is in its use of particular factors of
production.
-firms are likely to have high demands for the scientists, engineers, and technicians who
have to build and integrate the new ideas into processes and products.
-there is a need for supporting labor
services, which creates career opportunities.

-The balance between the citizens and governments. The nanotechnology can be expected to
concentrate political power
in the hands of governments.
-can be expected to be applied to further miniaturize and advance surveillance
technologies such as cameras, listening devices, tracking devices, and face and pattern
recognition systems.

SAS 16
BIODIVERSITY
the richness and variety of life – of genes, species and ecosystem.
maintains the health of the earth and its people.
provides us with food & medicine and contributes to our economy.
the greater the variety of species, the healthier the biosphere.
is not evenly distributed, it varies greatly across the globe as well as within regions; among
other factors, the
diversity of all living things depends on temperature, precipitation, altitude, soils, geography and
the presence of other species.

living (biotic)
nonliving (abiotic)organisms.

THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
1. Habitat loss and destruction. Major contributing factor is the inhabitation of human beings and
the use of
land for economic gains.
2. Alterations in ecosystem composition. Alterations and sudden changes, either within species
groups or
within the environment, could begin to change entire ecosystems. Alterations in ecosystems are
a critical factor contributing to species and habitat loss.
3. Over-exploitation. Over-hunting, overfishing, or over-collecting of species can quickly lead to
its decline. Changing consumption patterns of humans is often cited as the key reason for this
unsustainable exploitation of natural resources.
4. Pollution and contamination. Biological systems respond slowly to changes in their
surrounding
environment. Pollution and contamination cause irreversible damage to species and varieties.
5. Global climate change. Both climate variability and climate change cause biodiversity loss.
Species and
populations may be lost permanently if they are not provided with enough time to adapt to
changing climatic conditions.

SAS 18
GMO- Geneticallymodified organism. Is a plant, animal or microbe in which one or more
changes have been made to the genome, typically using high-tech genetic engineering, in an
attempt to alter the characteristics of an organism.
SAS 19
Climate change- is a worldwide issue that we have to face. It refers to the
statistically significant changes in climate for continuous period of time. Factors
that contribute to climate change can be natural internal process, external forces
and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in
land use. It can also be due to natural occurrences or contributed by acts of
human beings

NATURAL CAUSES:
Volcanic Eruptions. When volcanoes erupt, it emits different natural aerosols like
carbon dioxide, sulfurdioxides, salt crystals, volcanic ashes or dust, and even
microorganisms like bacteria and viruses.
Orbital Changes. This was proposed by Milankovitch theory that states that, “as
the earth travels through the space around the sun, cyclical variations in three
elements (eccentricity, obliquity, precession) of earth-sun geometry combine to
produce variations in the amount of solar energy that reaches earth (Academic
Emporia,
The Carbon Dioxide Theory. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is added when power and heat
are produced by burning coal , oil and other fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide is
transparent to sunshine but not invisible to infrared (heat)
Radiation leaving the ground. Carbon dioxide absorbs part of the infrared
radiation in the air and returns it to the ground keeping the air near the surface
warmer than it would be if the carbon dioxide did not act like a blanket.
HUMAN ACTIVITIES contribute to climate change. The largest known contribution
comes from the burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide gas to the
atmosphere. Greenhouse gases and aerosols affect climate change by altering
incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared (thermal) radiation that are part of
earth’s energy
Balance. Changing the atmospheric abundance or properties of these gases and
particles can lead to a warming or cooling of the climate system.

SAS 20
Environmental awareness -is an integral part of the movement's success.
By teaching our friends and family that the physical environment is fragile and
indispensable we can begin fixing the problems that threaten it.

SAS 21
Gene Therapy
Several approaches to gene therapy are being tested, including:
• Replacing a mutated gene that causes disease with a healthy copy of the gene
• inactivating, or “knocking out,” a mutated gene that is functioning improperly

What is a Stem Cell?

- A cell that has the ability to continuously divide and differentiate (develop)
into various other kind(s) of

Cells/tissues.
- Stem cells are different from other cells of the body in that they have the
ability to differentiate into other Celll/tissue types. This ability allows them
to replace cells that have died. With this ability, they have been used to
 replace defective cells/tissues in patients who have certain diseases or
defects.

What is Stem Cell Therapy?

- Stem-cell therapy is the use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or
condition.
- Bone marrow transplant is the most widely used stem-cell therapy, but
some therapies derived from umbilical

Cord blood are also in use.

Controversies in Stem Cell Therapy
- Stem-cell therapy has become controversial following developments such
as the ability of scientists to isolate and culture embryonic stem cells,
create stem cells using somatic cell nuclear transfer and their use of
techhniques to create induced pluripotent stem cells. This controversy is
often related to abortion politics and to human cloning. Additionally,
efforts to market treatments based on transplant of stored umbilical cord
blood have been controversial.