Describe how you would determine the dryness fraction of steam using a barrel/bucket calorimeter. ‘insu eae Sarng weaning ‘The Bucket/Barre! Calorimeter consists of a copper vessel which contains cold water, The copper vessel is insulated from the surrounding so as to prevent any heat transfer from or to the system. The top of the vessel is also covered by some detachable insulating medium. A thermometer is inserted in the water to record its temperature. Before steam sampling: Note down the following observations Mass of empty copper vessel = me ‘Mass of cold water of vessel = mw ‘Temperature of cold water and copper vessel = t1 Specific heat of copper vessel = Ce, copper Specific heat of water= Cw, water Procedt The valve in sampling tube is opened to allow a steam sample from main steam pipe of boiler to discharge into cold water in the copper vessel through fine exit holes. The steam coming in contact with water gets condensed, giving out its entire latent heat and part of its sensible heat. This heat transfer results in an increase in the temperature of water. The mass of water in the calorimeter increases by the amount of steam condensed. During sampling, pressure of steam in steam pipe is recorded with pressure gauge pl From Steam Table against pressure ‘pl note down the saturation temperature of steam and latent heat of vaporization ie = t and hfg, respectively. After steam sampling: Note down the following observations ‘Mass of warm water in vessel = m3 Temperature of warm water and copper vessel after mixing of steam sample in cold water= 12 According to the law of conservation, the heat lost by steam is equal to the heat gained by water and calorimeter, provided there is no addition or loss of hes Heat lost by steam = m, (ry) +e, (€= A) 0 Hicat pained by water and calorimeter, = (myc tm ott) i) uations (@ and (ti), m (rh, +e 08) = (mc +m ed (Q-t) this expression, the dryness fraction of steam (x) may be determined Equati