NATIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOL,

RAJAJINAGAR

CHEMISTRY PROJECT 2024

CRYSTALLISATION OF BENZOIC ACID

AND NICKEL CHLORIDE

Name: Ananthashreyas Nair

Class : 11 A
Roll Number : 6
 Index

Serial Topic Page

Number Name Number
1 Certificate 3

2 Acknowledgement 4

3 Introduction 5

4 Aim 7

5 Material Required 7

6 Theory 8

7 Procedure 9

8 Observations 10

9 Conclusion 11

10 Photo Gallery 11

11 Time Chart 12

12 Bibliography 12
 Acknowledgement

We would like to thank the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)

for giving us the opportunity to conduct this project.

We thank National Public School, Rajajinagar, our principal Ms. Malathy

Narayan for providing us with the required support to perform this
experiment. Our most sincere thanks to Mr. Pratheesh and Mr. Santosh D.C,
our chemistry teachers, Ms. Kavitha, the lab faculty attender Ms. Shobha for
lending their precious time in helping us with the project.
 Introduction
Benzoic acid

Benzoic acid is a carboxylic acid with the chemical formula C7H6O2. It is a

white crystalline solid that is often used as a food preservative and has
various industrial applications. Benzoic acid has a benzene ring attached
to a carboxyl group It has a melting point of around 122 °C (252 °F) and
a boiling point of 249 °C (480 °F)
Sodium benzoate, the sodium salt of benzoic acid, is commonly used as a
food preservative to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and moulds in
acidic food and beverages. Benzoic acid occurs naturally in various plants
and serves as a precursor for the biosynthesis of many secondary
metabolites.
Benzoic acid is utilized in the production of various chemicals, including
benzoyl chloride, which is a key intermediate in the synthesis of numerous
organic compounds. It is used in the pharmaceutical industry for the
synthesis of certain drugs. Benzoic acid can be synthesized through
various methods, including the oxidation of toluene, the hydrolysis of
benzaldehyde, and the reaction of phenyl magnesium bromide with
carbon dioxide.
It's important to note that while benzoic acid itself is a common and
generally safe compound, its salts (e.g., sodium benzoate) are often
preferred for certain applications due to their higher solubility in water.
 Nickel Chloride

Nickel chloride crystals, exhibiting a distinctive green colour, are the solid
form of nickel chloride (NiCl2) and possess unique properties that make them
valuable in various applications. These crystals are commonly used in the
synthesis of nickel nanoparticles and nanocomposites, contributing to
advancements in catalysis and materials science. Additionally, their solubility
in water makes them suitable for electrolyte solutions in batteries, enhancing
energy storage capabilities. In research, nickel chloride crystals are employed
to study magnetic properties and crystal structures. Furthermore, their role in
the electroplating industry ensures the production of high-quality, corrosion-
resistant metal coatings. The versatility and specific characteristics of nickel
chloride crystals underscore their significance in diverse scientific and
industrial pursuits.
 AIM
To prepare crystals of benzoic acid and nickel chloride from a given
sample.

MATERIALS REQUIRED
1.Beaker
2.Glass rod
3.Separating funnel
4.Benzoic acid (powder)
5.Nickel chloride (powder)
6.Bunsen burner
7.Tripod stand
8.Wire gauze
9.China dish
10.Concentrated HCl
11.Filter paper
 THEORY
Crystallisation is one of the most used techniques for purification
of solid organic compounds. It is based on the difference in the
solubilities of the compound and impurities in a suitable solvent.
The impure compound is dissolved in solvent which it is sparingly
soluble at room temperature but appreciably soluble at elevated
temperature. The solution is concentrated to get a nearby
saturated solution. On cooling the solution, the pure compound
crystallises out and is removed by filtration. The filtrate contains
impurities and small quantity of the compound. If the compound is
highly soluble in one solvent and sparingly soluble in another, a
mixture of these solvents can be used. Impurities which impart
colour to the solution are removed by adsorbing over activated
charcoal. Repeated crystallisation becomes necessary for the
purification of compounds containing impurities of comparable
solubilities.
 PROCEDURE:

1.PREPARATION OF CRYSTALS OF BENZOIC ACID:

•A beaker containing around 100 mL of water was heated on bunsen
burner on a tripod stand till it gave vigorous number of bubbles.
•The beaker was then removed from the bunsen burner. About 3g of
benzoic acid(powder) was added to it.
•The solution was left to cool.

2. PREPARATION OF CRYSTALS OF NICKEL CHLORIDE:

•Nickel Chloride salt was taken in a beaker and dissolved in water to
make a mostly saturated solution
•A few drops of HCl were added to the beaker to prevent hydrolysis
of nickel chloride.
•The solution was filtered and put into a china dish heated over flame
and slowly converted while making sure it does not boil
•Once the drops on the glass rod were found to be sufficiently viscous
the china dish was left to cool
 OBSERVATIONS:

BENZOIC ACID:
After 15-20 minutes of cooling the solution, solid white crystals of
benzoic acid were observed on the surface of water. When observed
after a few hours, a greater number of crystals were formed, and they
settled at the bottom of the beaker.
Benzoic acid is a crystalline solid that is highly soluble in hot water. As
the hot, saturated, aqueous solution of benzoic acid cools, it becomes
supersaturated, and benzoic acid crystallizes from the supersaturated
solution.

NICKEL CHLORIDE:
The supersaturated solution cooled, and a small amount of crust was
observed at the bottom
After around 24 hours crystals were observed in the china dish.
Upon a preliminary observation, the crystals appeared to be hexagonal
in structure
The colour was a light hue of olive green
 CONCLUSION:
Benzoic acid and Nickel Chloride was thus crystallised.

Photo Gallery:
 TIME CHART:

Total time :
9 hours

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzoic-Acid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel(II)_chloride

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzoic_acid

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/IN/en/product/aldrich/339350