Introduction

The residential mixed use guideline provides specific and broad recommendations to create high quality
buildings and apartment that is attractive, livable and etc… so in this proposal we will see all the
fundamental process of designing starting from what is mixed use building .
What is mixed use building ?

A mixed use building is a type of property that blends residential commercial and others in one space or
building. Mixed use buildings can be simple as a retail shop on the front building with two up stair
apartment. or it cold be a single family home with Doctor’s office on the ground floor

This type of building is becoming very popular and wanted not only Ethiopia but also on the foregin
countries as well it is because of accessibility.

The lower floor of a mixed use residential commercial building might typically include a mix of
restaurants and coffee shops or butiks or the most common in our country is commercial banks are on
the ground floor.

Mixed use buildings appeal to a wide variety of consumers, including young professionals and seniors
that like the convenience of having shops, apartments, resturants, services within easy walking distance.

Mixed use properties are often in close proximity to other community services such as libraries, parks
and schools making them highly desirable residential spaces.
MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT BENEFITS

MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT HAS MANY BENEFITS.

 It encourages greater housing density and variety.

 It reduces the distance between retail businesses, residential housing, workplace etc…
 Reduces car traffic and population and encourage
 Encouraging denser, centralized development in urban areas
 Mixed use saves farmland
 Encourages accessible public transport
 Encourages strong neighborhood

WHAT IS APARTMENT

 An apartment is a self-contained housing unit that occupies only part of a building. Apartments
may be owned (by an owner-occupier) or rented.
 Apartment building refers to all buildings in which individual apartments are located and
includes common access areas and any site facilities located within the building (e.g. waste
enclosure).
 Apartment development refers to the entire residential development within a site, including
areas of open space, the building/s, individual apartments, any non-residential uses, shared and
private site facilities.
 An individual dwelling within an apartment building which contains two or
more residences and which is not an attached house; and
 Includes both residential use and commercial accommodation use.

PURPOSE OF APARTEMENT?
 The purpose of apartments is for living
 For commercial purpose
 For space usage

Types of Apartment Are

 Narrow infill apartments

 Row apartments
 Shop top apartments
 Courtyard apartments
 Perimeter block apartments
 Tower apartments
 Hybrid developments
Narrow infill apartments

 Are typical apartment building

 Two – three story building with only a stair
 Three – five level with a lift.
 building envelope oriented perpendicular to the street frontage
 Suited to narrow, deep lots(area of land)

Row apartments

• Modular type of building

• suited to both urban and suburban contexts
• highly adaptable and able to respond
• well to sloping sites

 This type of building is best when

• built form needs to step down the street to respond to a slope

• rear landscape areas are desired including keeping existing significant
trees.
 Shop top apartments

• Are mixed use residential building

• Ground floor is occupied by commercial and retail uses and suited to main streets and
center.
• Typical apartment with a storey of 2 – 6.

 Best used where

• Increased residential desire with established retail and commercial frontage

 Courtyard apartments
• provide a centralized open space area
• 3 – 6 storey Building
• Suited to both urban and sub urban areas.

 Best used where;

• Located on corner sites or site with two or more public frontage

Perimeter block apartments

• Are suited to urban areas

• Define the street edge and achieve high urban density
• Range 4 – 9 storey

 Best used when;

• An increase in residential density is desired.
• Commercial and retail use are encourage at lower level

Tower apartment

• Suited to central business districts, major centers and urban areas.

• Can be free standing or combined with block development ( podium)
• Above 9 storey building

 Best used where;

• Locate in dense urban areas.
• an area requires greater density than can be
• delivered by perimeter block buildings

Hybrid development

• Different building types combined in one development

Eg- Large community facilities.

- Larger commercial and retail components( office, super market)

 Best used when

• Located on large and / or irregular site.
• Greater diversity of apartment type is desired.
FUNCTION LAYOUT

The built form of the development must be appropriate to the urban context and the site. A
building should be setback a reasonable distance from side and rear boundaries, and other
buildings within the site to:

Ensure adequate daylight into new habitable room windows.

Avoid direct views into habitable room windows and private open space of new and existing
dwellings. Developments should avoid relying on screening to reduce views. Provide an outlook
from dwellings that creates a reasonable visual connection to the external environment. Ensure
the dwellings are designed to meet other internal amenity objectives of the new apartment
provisions.

Standard bedroom
A dwelling should have bedrooms that meet the minimum internal room dimensions specified in

All bedrooms should provide an area in addition to the minimum internal room dimensions to
accommodate a wardrobe.

*Unit requirement
1. Consult with the owner in determining the quantity and mix of standard and accessible unit
types
and sizes to ensure it meets the terms of reference in the RFP.
2. Avoid locating residential units next to service areas (including mechanical, electrical and
laundry rooms).
3. Design all units for maximum use efficiency with well-defined areas (individual rooms) and
with allowance
for sufficient wheelchair turning radius in each room.
4. Design the units to provide a generous amount of exterior/natural light to make units bright
and inviting.
5. Install wiring for cable and telephone lines to each unit from demarcation point. Provide all
rough-ins
for cable TV including outlets, cover plates, conduits and pull boxes for the living/dining room
and
master bedroom.
6. Consider adding storage closet of adequate size in family units.
*Unit Foyer
1. Design foyer/entry area in each unit with allowance for sufficient wheelchair turning radius.
2. Provide a coat closet complete with doors, shelving and rod.

*Dining/living
1. Design space to accommodate the placement of various furniture types and arrangements.
Ensure larger units have proportionally larger living, dining and storage areas.
2. If design combines dining room with living room, avoid overlap with circulation space.
3. Provide an exterior window in the living room; avoid direct sightlines from immediate units
and adjacent buildings.
*kitchen

1. Design kitchen with direct access from the foyer. Provide direct natural light whenever
possible.
2. Install kitchen upper cabinets to underside of bulkhead(s).
3. Meet all millwork specifications for cabinetry design (refer to Section 2.40.7 Millwork).
4. Supply a double bowl, 20 gauge stainless steel sink.
5. Supply one-handle lever faucets.
6. Provide a pantry with fixed shelving and a door that opens outward.
7. Do not locate stoves adjacent to doorways or in corners. Provide minimum 350 mm (1.2 ft.)
wide counter
between stove and adjacent wall or appliance.
8. Provide ENERGY STAR refrigerators as follows:
a) 22 cu.ft. refrigerator with top-mounted freezer
b) Barrier-free units to carry 22 cu.ft. refrigerator with bottom mounted freezer
c) No ice makers
9. Provide 30 in. electric stoves as follows:
a) No clock
b) Easy clean oven
c) Consider installing Safe-T elements for increased fire safety
d) Barrier-free units to have a 762 mm (30 in.) wall mounted oven and a cook top stove with
controls at
the front
10. Provide range hood vented to the exterior.

*Bathrooms
1. Provide all bathrooms are accessible from the hallway but avoid direct access (and view) from
the main
living areas.
2. Design spacious bathrooms to allow for two-person occupancy simultaneously.
3. Ensuite bathrooms are not permitted. Second bathroom in larger units should be three piece
(shower, toilet
and sink). The sink is to be a round basin, porcelain-enameled steel, self-rimming round
countertop with
built-in soap depression, concealed front overflow.
4. The main bathroom should have a wide low wall bathtub, a minimum 1,525 mm (5 ft.) long
with non-slip
surface and equipped with concealed drain. For barrier-free units, provide a roll-in-shower as per
Region of
Peel Accessibility Standards for Affordable Residential Properties.
5. Provide cement board on walls at bathtub and vanity area. Ensure that ceiling above bathtub
has cement
board. Use mold resistant silicone caulking throughout.
6. Supply one-handle lever faucets.
7. Ensure shower head is a low-flow, water-saving-type.
8. Provide a water efficient toilet as per Smart Water Peel requirements.
9. Provide a minimum 1219 mm (4 ft.) long vanity unit (Refer to section 2.40.7 Millwork).
10. Provide recessed or semi-recessed medicine cabinet. Mirror to be wall hung or part of
medicine cabinet.
11. Ensure main bathroom in all units has backboards for future grab bar provision.
12. Provide grab bars in main bathroom of all modifiable and fully barrier-free units in family
buildings and all
bathrooms in senior’s buildings.
13. Each bathroom shall have an exhaust fan connected to the exterior. Ensure light switch is
interconnected
with the exhaust fan to prevent mold.

Hallways
1. Ensure minimum 1,100 mm (3.6 ft.) in width.
2. Provide direct natural light and avoid creating long hallways.
3. Provide a linen closet with shelves. Closet dimensions shall be adequate for the unit size.
Millwork
1. Ensure cabinet box is constructed of laminate or equivalent on a 16 mm (11/16 in.) particle
board for all cabinets, except the sink and vanity cabinet floor.
2. Construct sink and vanity cabinet floor of laminate on 16 mm (11/16 in.) plywood. The three
edges of the cabinet floor should be caulked with kitchen/bathroom-grade clear silicone.
3. Construct doors and drawer front with hardwood frame, with 6 mm (1/4 in.) veneer plywood
panel infill.
4. Construct drawer body of a formed metal pan with wheel roller glides including a “soft close”
anti-slam feature.
5. Ensure all door hinges have a 110 degree minimum opening.
6. Provide “D” shape handle for door and drawers.
7. Ensure countertops have a postformed no-drip front edge.

Basement car parking

• Basement or covered parking for residents is strongly encouraged.

• No access to basement parking should be provided off any private road,
private lane, private way or publicly accessible space adjacent to the edge of
the racetrack.
• The number of basement access and service interruptions to building
frontage and footpath continuity, and the width of such interruptions, should
be minimized.
• The entrance to the basement parking facilities should be attractive and not
compromise the safety of pedestrians and cyclists.
• Partial basement parking structures should not project more than 1.2m
above the adjoining street level and should be designed to provide a visually
attractive edge to the adjoining footpath, street and/or publicly accessible
space.
• There should be direct lift and stair access from the basement car parking
area to the individual apartment lobbies.
• Security of access to and egress from basement parking should be carefully
considered and provided for.
• Fumes from parking structures or other uses should not be ventilated or
discharged into any adjacent pedestrian environment.

All apartments should be provided with a storage locker in the residents’

basement or covered car parks. Lockers should be large enough to contain an
adult sized bicycle.

• All apartments above ground level should be provided with a private balcony
directly accessible from the principal living area.
• For one and two bedroom apartments, the balcony should have a minimum
area of 6m2, with a minimum horizontal dimension of 2m.
• For apartments with three or more bedrooms, the balcony should have a
minimum area of 9m2, with a minimum horizontal dimension of 2.4m.
• Balconies that are private, sheltered and can be used all year round are
encouraged.
• Balconies that are fully recessed within the overall building form are to be
preferred over those that project fully beyond the face of the building. These
provide better weather protection and façade articulation.

• A hose tap should be provided on each apartment’s principal balcony

Standard window
A window in a habitable room should be located in an external wall. A window may provide
daylight to a bedroom from a smaller area within the room, where: The area is at least: A
minimum width of 1.2 meters. A maximum depth of 1.5 times the width, measured from the
external surface of the window. The window is clear to the sky.

Decision Guidelines

Before deciding on an application, the responsible authority must consider: The design response.

Natural ventilation
• All accommodation should be provided with natural cross ventilation by
having window openings facing different directions. Dual aspect and corner
apartments are best able to provide such window openings, but shallow
depth single aspect apartment can be naturally ventilated in a satisfactory
manner.
• Notwithstanding any requirements to achieve internal acoustic privacy,
ventilation provided solely by mechanical means is discouraged.
• As apartments are often uninhabited during the daytime, ventilation
elements should be secure and rainproof when left open.

The extent to which the habitable room is provided with reasonable daylight access through the
number, size, location and orientation of windows.

The usability and amenity of the dwelling based on the layout, sitting, size and orientation of
habitable rooms.
Each dwelling should have convenient access to usable and secure storage space.

Daylight access
• In order to reduce reliance on artificial light and reduce energy consumption,
daylight access to apartments should be maximized.
• The site layout should orientate buildings to optimize the northerly aspect.
• Sunlight access from the north, east and west should be able to be controlled
by residents to prevent buildings becoming too hot.
• The depth of single aspect apartments should be minimized.
• Single aspect apartments with a southerly aspect should be avoided, and
where this is not possible the percentage of southerly aspect apartments
(south‐west through south‐east) should not exceed 10% of the total number
of apartments in the building.
• At least 70% of living rooms and private open spaces in any development
should receive a minimum of three hours of sunlight between 9.00am and 3pm in mid‐winter.

Sustainability
• Buildings should be designed to be sustainable through the use of durable,
low maintenance materials, inert exterior cladding (avoiding the use of
materials containing copper or zinc), maximizing solar access and natural
ventilation and through the incorporation of mechanical and electrical
systems that optimize energy efficiency.
• Adequate storage space and containers should be provided for rubbish and
privacy
• Apartments should be arranged to minimize noise transmission between
apartments by:
i. placing living rooms adjacent to living rooms, bedrooms adjacent to
bedrooms, and service rooms adjacent to service rooms, both
horizontally and vertically.
ii. Utilizing storage or circulation zones to contain noise within the
apartment and to buffer noise from adjoining mechanical services or
corridors and lobby areas.
iii. Minimizing the number of inter‐tenancy (shared) walls between
apartments.

recyclable material, in a location that is convenient and easily accessible to

occupants and collection vehicles.
Internal design of every accommodation unit within a development should maximize outlook, as
distinct from views.
Outlook over the racecourse and infield should be maximized. Secondary outlooks should be
over the heavily treed area adjacent to Morning Street.
Outlook from principal living areas over existing adjoining residential
Properties should be avoided.
All outlook space should be designed to achieve a high level of amenity
Through design and landscaping.
Outlook space should be provided either over a street, publicly accessible
space, pedestrian link, the racetrack, or into the landscaped centre of a
development block.
Where two apartments face each other, their minimum separation distance
between principal living areas should be 15 meters, inclusive of decks and balconies.

All apartments above ground level should be provided with a private balcony
directly accessible from the principal living area.
• For one and two bedroom apartments, the balcony should have a minimum
area of 6m2, with a minimum horizontal dimension of 2m.
• For apartments with three or more bedrooms, the balcony should have a
minimum area of 9m2, with a minimum horizontal dimension of 2.4m.
• Balconies that are private, sheltered and can be used all year round are encouraged.
• Balconies that are fully recessed within the overall building form are to be
preferred over those that project fully beyond the face of the building. These
provide better weather protection and façade articulation.
• A hose tap should be provided on each apartment’s principal balcony.
apartment typologies – means the study, interpretation, classification and
description of apartments according to the range of different types, which may be
defined by building form, aspect, access, number of storeys or number of bedrooms,
etc.
Design Considerations
Ensure that buildings and spaces are designed to accommodate the needs of all possible ranges of
occupants
Ensure that a building’s access and internal circulation provide for efficient apartment
configurations those are appropriate to a development site means to make clearly distinguishable
the junctions between architectural components of a building elevation. adjust or vary the
vertical and/or
horizontal emphases, proportions and rhythms created by the components of a
building elevation.
to visually and functionally interact with in a positive and
aesthetically harmonious manner.
seamless – means continuous, without visible joints or junctions.

*General standards of Room Sizes

The size of a room is determined by the function of the room and by the furnishings
that go into the room. The list of typical room sizes shown below should be used
ONLY as a guide for general planning purposes and to determine overall square
footage of a proposed plan.
FOYER
• Small - 6 x 6
• Medium - 8 x 10
• Large - 8 x 15
ENTRY CLOSETS (24" minimum inside
dimensions)
• Small - 2 x 3
• Medium - 2 x 4
• Large - 2 x 6
POWDER ROOM
• Small - 4 x 4
• Medium - 5 x 5
• Large - 6 x 6
GREAT ROOM
• Small - 16 x 18
• Medium - 18 x 24
• Large - 20 x 28
LIVING ROOM -
• Small - 12 x 18
• Medium - 16 x 20
• Large - 22 x 28
DINING ROOM
• Small - 10 x 12
• Medium - 12 x 16
• Large - 14 x 18
FAMILY ROOM
• Small - 12 x 16
• Medium - 14 x 20
• Large - 16 x 24
RECREATION ROOM
• Small - 12 x 18
• Medium - 16 x 24
• Large - 18 x 30
MEDIA ROOM
• Small - 10 x 14
• Medium - 12 x 16
• Large - 14 x 20
KITCHEN
• Small - 5 x 10
• Medium - 10 x 16
• Large - 12 x 20
EATING AREA
• Small - 10 x 10
• Medium - 12 x 12
• Large - 16 x 16
PANTRY
• Small - 2 x 2
• Medium - 3 x 4
• Large - 4 x 6
LAUNDRY
• Small - 3 x 6
• Medium - 6 x 8
• Large - 8 x 10
UTILTITY/MUD ROOM
• Small - 5 x 6
• Medium - 6 x 8
• Large - 8 x 10
REAR ENTRY CLOSETS (24" minimum
inside dimensions)
• Small - 2 x 3
• Medium - 2 x 4
• Large - 3 x 6
GARAGE
• Small - 12 x 20 (1 car)
• Medium - 20 x 20 (2 car)
• Large - 24 x 24 (2 car w/storage)1/15/12
WORKSHOP
• Small - 6 x 8
• Medium - 8 x 10
• Large - 12 x 16
STORAGE ROOM
• Small - 6 x 6
• Medium - 8 x 10
• Large - 12 x 14
HOME OFFICE / WORK ROOM
• Small - 8 x 10
• Medium - 12 x 14
• Large - 14 x 18
MASTER BED ROOM
• Small - 12 x 14
• Medium - 14 x 20
• Large - 16 x 24
WALK-IN CLOSETS (24" min inside dim)
• Small - 4 x 6
• Medium - 6 x 6
• Large - 6 x 8

MASTER BATHROOM
• Small - 6 x 9
• Medium - 8 x 12
• Large - 10 x 16
BEDROOMS
• Small - 10 x 10
• Medium - 12 x 12
• Large - 14 x 16
CLOSETS (24" min inside dim)
• Small - 2 x 4
• Medium - 2 x 6
• Large - 2 x 8
GUEST BEDROOM
• Small - 10 x 12
• Medium - 12 x 14
• Large - 14 x 18
GUEST CLOSETS (24" min inside dim)
• Small - 2 x 3
• Medium - 2 x 4
• Large - 2 x 6
FULL BATH
• Small - 6 x 9
• Medium - 7 x 10
• Large - 8 x 12
GUEST BATHROOM
• Small - 5 x 9
• Medium - 6 x 10
• Large - 7 x 12
LINEN CLOSETS (12" min inside dim)
• Small - 1 x 3
• Medium - 2 x 4
• Large - 3 x 6
DEN
• Small - 10 x 10
• Medium - 12 x 12
• Large - 14 x 16
STUDY
• Small - 10 x 10
• Medium - 12 x 12
• Large - 14 x 16
LIBRARY
• Small - 12 x 12
• Medium - 14 x 18
• Large - 16 x 2

Local case study

SOFONIAS’ APARTMENT BUILDING

Area - about 4000 m2

Function – shops + Apartments
Ownership - Government (kiray Betoch)
Location – piassa, habte Gorgis deldeye (Arada Sub City)
Woreda –
BUILDING SITUATION & BUILDING ORIENTATION
The main road that takes us from Piassa (Ethiopia Cinema) to Karat Kilo (Habte Giorgiss
Deldey)
Defines the building informally named “Sofonias Pastry”. This building is located between the
Ethio Enterprise building and the Ethiopian Commercial bank building. One of the oldest
Apartments owned by the Government are located around this area.
Facing the slightly slanted northwest orientation the curved building is also prone to noise
Disturbance due to the nearness to the ever active road of Piassa. There seems to be no
Green infrastructure located near the building that could account for any beneficial purpose in
aesthetic or sustainability.
Location

BUILDING FUNCTION & DESCRIPTION

.
This multi-functional building is used as a cafeteria on the ground, as an office on the first floor
and on the second and third floor apartments

THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT

illustration of the apartment lay out

WINDOWS & LIGHT

The stairs and corridors of this building are ventilated and lighted
Mechanically
TEMPREATURE OF THE BUILDING

The frontal space of the building say that they experience mild and cool air temperature
That is found to be very good for performance. Those that occupy the flats at the rear building
face the harsh sun that is too warm for performing any type of activity

VENTILATION AND DAMPNESS

Spaces that do not have windows are prone to have a damp smell and eventually will be a perfect
site for microbial growth. Due to lack of ventilation and the respondents were able to identify the
following problems:

Weakness

*some of the rooms have no natural lighting and ventilation support

* The stairs and corridors of this building are ventilated and lighted
Mechanically

*some rooms are exposed to dampness and bad smell due to lack of ventilation

*the rare side of the building is exposed to harsh sun